RU2725354C1 - Method for improving reliability of railroad automation and telemechanics systems with evaluation of efficiency thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: rail vehicles.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of railway automation and telemechanics. Data stored on the server, such as incident, actual level of risk, permissible intensity of failure of technical means of categories 1 and 2, actual failure rate of technical means of categories 1 and 2 are used. Incident structure includes data on object, on type of incident, category of failure of technical means, on classifier of incident of 1level, on classifier of incident of 2level, on the date and time of the beginning of the incident, on the note of the incident, on loss of train-hours, on the asset of the incident. Application server receives said data from server using communication module with external systems. Using the application server calculation module, calculating for the selected object the indicators, such as the intensity of the incidents, actual level of risk, forecast level of risk, expected intensity of incidents, Pareto analysis is carried out, draft plan is developed for improving reliability, efficiency of reliability improvement plan is evaluated. Indicators are transmitted to server by means of communication module with external systems.EFFECT: reduced probability of loss of train-hours due to failures of technical means.5 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to automation of control processes, diagnostics and monitoring of the technical condition and maintenance of railway automation and telemechanics (ZHAT) devices and can be used for operational planning of work but troubleshooting or suppressing them, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of the reliability improvement plan (ZHAT) .

A known system of technical diagnostics and monitoring (RU, No. 95153, U1) containing at least one linear diagnostic point connected to station controllers connected via station converters to railway automation and telemechanics systems. The diagnostic line item includes a concentrator and is connected with the possibility of control with a distillation controller connected to distillation primary converters connected to ZhAT devices. The central diagnostics and monitoring station is connected via data transmission equipment to linear diagnostic stations and includes at least one communication station, a central station server and automated workstations of users of a remote level integrated into a local area network. A diagnostic and monitoring center has been introduced, connected to central diagnostic and monitoring posts and including a center server and automated workstations of users of the center integrated into a local computer network. The automated workplace of an electrician is equipped with hardware-software tools for automating maintenance work on ZhAT devices, providing measurement of electrical parameters of ZhAT devices, generating and documenting logs for automated recording of measurement results, generating and documenting tables of normative and reference information, and revealing the fact of technical maintenance in automatic mode ZhAT devices by operating personnel.

This system solves the problem of ensuring the transfer of comprehensive information on the operation of ZhAT devices to consumers in order to reduce the labor costs of taking measurements and fixing parameters during maintenance of ZhAT devices.

The advantage of the system is the prompt troubleshooting of ZhAT devices, its limitation is the impossibility of forming a short-term or sufficiently long-term plan to improve the functioning of an individual station or train and, accordingly, evaluate the effectiveness of its implementation.

US patent US 8538611 “Multi-level railway operations optimization system and method” (RU, No. 2359857, C2) discloses the optimized operation of railway transport, and more specifically, the method of operating railway transport using a multi-level system approach, which includes collecting key data on each level and data exchange with other levels of the system.

The technical solution of this invention is the creation of a multi-level system for controlling the railway transport system and its working components, which include two levels designed to optimize the work, which contain operating parameters that specify operating characteristics. The operational parameters of both levels are interchangeable. The issues of forming a short-term or sufficiently long-term plan to improve the functioning of an individual station or train and, accordingly, assess the effectiveness of its implementation are not considered in this patent.

A known method for remote monitoring and technical diagnostics of railway automation and telemechanics devices (RU, No. 2384886, C2), including collecting discrete information and / or analog information about the state of the ZhAT devices, converting analog signals to digital form, determining the state of the ZhAT devices on / off »By comparing discrete information with the threshold value, transmitting the collected information about the HAT device via digital communication channels to an automated workstation, monitoring and evaluating the technical condition of the HAT devices by software. Measured analog signals from geographically dispersed objects using analog switches are alternately connected to an analog communication line, through which they transmit to the input of a centralized multifunction meter that measures the parameters of incoming analog signals and the insulation resistance of the cables of the installation of the ZhAT devices that are not equipped with ground signaling devices. A centralized multifunctional meter is converted to digital form and transmitted to a digital communication channel. The setting of the external reference signal controls the threshold value, and thus determine the state of the discrete ON / OFF JAT devices in circuits with different ranges of variable or constant voltages representing discrete information.

This method is aimed at solving specific technical problems: reducing the cost of remote monitoring and technical diagnostics of JAT devices by reducing the number of specialized meters, expanding the set of measured signal parameters, ensuring the safety of connection and eliminating the influence of monitoring devices on diagnosed JAT devices, as well as simplifying the practical implementation of measurements insulation resistance of mounting of signaling devices and determining the state of discrete devices of on-off switch “on / off” in circuits with different ranges of variable or constant voltage for representing discrete information.

Questions on the formation of a plan to improve the operation of ZhAT devices for an individual station or train and, accordingly, evaluating the effectiveness of its implementation are not considered in this patent.

Known Integrated automated system for managing the economy of centralization, signaling and blocking of the second generation ASU-Sh-2, "ROSZHELDORPROEKT", Giprotransssignalsvyaz, October 2008

In fact, the ACS-Sh-2 is the basis of this, and the components (subsystems associated with it) solve various problems.

ASU-Sh-2 has the ability to communicate with systems such as KZ OU ZhATS - The complex of tasks "Accounting and analysis of failures, damage and malfunctions of ZhATS devices" is intended to automate the following tasks at all levels of managing the alarm, centralization and blocking facilities (farm Ш) :

- collection of data on violations of the ZhATS devices;

- operational analysis of the causes of violations of the ZhATS devices;

- planning measures to prevent the recurrence of failures;

- the formation of operational and reporting documents;

- presentation of the necessary information for the implementation of the management functions of other task complexes.

With the EC ASUI system - a single corporate automated infrastructure management system.

KAS ANT - a comprehensive automated system for accounting, monitoring the elimination of technical equipment failures and analyzing their reliability.

With the KZ ALS system - a set of tasks "Accounting and analysis of malfunctions of the ALSN, SAUT, CLUB devices",

where ALSN - automatic locomotive alarm continuous;

SAUT - system of automatic control of braking of trains;

CLUB - a comprehensive locomotive safety device.

With the KZ Monitoring system, in which users will have access to the results of calculations via the internal data transfer network on the site of the automated settlement system.

Pa the current limitations of ACS-Sh-2 is the lack of planning opportunities. The function of planning work within the framework of maintenance and repair is delegated to the EC ASUI, which in turn allows you to plan work with different intervals in accordance with regulatory documents. At the same time, the real state of infrastructure devices is not taken into account when planning work.

The closest to the claimed method is the technical solution described in the article "Automation of technology risk management in the economy of automation and telemechanics." Automation, communication, informatics, issue No. 11/2017 (UDC 004.896: 311: 656.25), according to which an automated system for analyzing the reliability of railway automation and telemechanics of AS ANSh developed and implemented based on the URRAN methodology - resource, risk and analysis management reliability. AS ANS allows you to assess the risks of loss of train hours due to failures of JAT systems and indicators of their reliability.

The assessment of the risks of train-hour losses due to failures of JAT systems and their reliability indicators is complex and is based on the processing of a large amount of statistical data, the use of analytical models, numerical methods and the apparatus of probability theory. Risk levels are assessed using risk matrices, which are the implementation of the ALARP model - “as low as reasonably practicable” - as low as possible, describing some abstraction, which allows for a more visual assessment of the results. The article presents the structure of the system and describes the process of its creation. Its output forms are given, which make it possible to assess the state of technical equipment and the activities of structural units of the automation and telemechanics economy.

A well-known technical solution is limited to assessing the state of technical means and the activities of structural units of the automation and telemechanics economy, which is performed by the AS ANS.

A drawback of such a system is its sufficient complexity and the inability to formulate a draft plan for subsequent work, to evaluate the effectiveness of their implementation to reduce the likelihood of loss of train hours due to failures of ZhAT technical equipment.

The problem solved by the invention is to improve technical and operational characteristics, create a preventive maintenance plan and evaluate its effectiveness.

The technical result obtained by using the invention is to reduce the likelihood of loss of train hours due to failures of ZhAT technical equipment, as well as simplification and prompt formation of a work plan for eliminating failures of ZhAT technical means and an operational assessment of the implementation of the plan.

To solve the problem with achieving a technical result in a known way to improve the reliability of railway automation and telemechanics (ZhAT) systems, which consists in using data stored on the server ASU-Sh-2 - an integrated automated system for managing the centralization, signaling and blocking of the second generations such as incident, actual risk level, permissible failure rate of technical equipment of category 1 and 2, actual failure rate of technical equipment of category 1 and 2, the structure of the incident includes information about the facility, type of incident, category of failure of technical equipment, and classifier of the incident 1st level, on the qualifier of the 2nd level incident, on the date and time of the start of the incident, on the note of the incident, on the loss of train hours, on the asset of the incident. According to the invention, an application server is introduced, which includes a communication module with external systems, a calculation module, a database, an application server site and a timer associated with the calculation module and a communication module with external systems. Using the communication module with external systems, the application server receives the specified data from the ASU-Sh-2 server. Using the calculation module, the application server calculates indicators for the selected object, such as incident intensity, actual risk level, predicted risk level, expected incident intensity, conducts a Pareto analysis, and forms a draft reliability improvement plan (CAP). The application server evaluates the effectiveness of the emergency protection plan and from the calculation module records the indicators - incident rate, expected incident rate, draft emergency response indicator, estimate the effectiveness of the emergency alarm that it displays for the selected object on its website and transfers it to the ACS server using the communication module with external systems -Sh-2.

Additional embodiments of the method are possible, in which it is advisable that

- the application server calculation module performed an intermediate assessment of the effectiveness of the PPN and a final assessment of the effectiveness of the PPN;

- indicators of the application server using the communication module with external systems were transferred to the servers of the task complex "Accounting and analysis of failures, damage and malfunctions of ZhATS devices" - "KZ OU ZHATS", a single corporate automated infrastructure management system - "EC ASUI", an integrated automated system accounting, control of elimination of failures of technical equipment and analysis of their reliability - "KAS ANT", a set of tasks "Accounting and analysis of malfunctions of devices ALSN, SAUT, CLUB" - "KZ ALS" and the system "KZ Monitoring";

- when the PPN project was being formed, the application server started the timer and determined the time when the PPN project was being formed; when this time arrived, the application server using the communication module with external systems takes from the database of the ACS-Sh-2 server the data on the objects for which the project is being formed PPN, and leads the data to a general classification of the first level - the type of devices and the second level - elements of device types, in the calculation module of the application server compare the actual and allowable failure rates of technical equipment of categories 1 and 2 of the object category, if the actual intensity exceeds the permissible, then determine for the object the predicted level of risk and check its level, if the actual failure rate of category 1 and 2 technical equipment does not exceed the permissible level, then estimate the loss of train hours at the facility, if there were no train hour losses at the facility, then the facility is not included in the draft PPN, if there were train-hours losses at the facility, then for him check the predicted risk level if the actual failure rate of technical equipment of categories 1 and 2 exceeds the permissible level or train hours have been lost at the facility and if the predicted risk level is permissible or not taken into account, then the facility is not included in the design and production plan, and if the risk level unacceptable or undesirable, then the object is included in the DTC project, the calculation module for each object sequentially determines the intensity of incidents of the object, grouping incidents by device type and determining the intensity of incidents by type of devices at the object, and determining the intensity λ _{w of} incidents by object, type of devices and elements of device types is performed in accordance with a mathematical expression

где

Where

n _1,2 - the number of failures of technical equipment of categories 1 and 2;

n ₃ - the number of failures of category 3;

n _then - the number of deviations from the norms of the content of alarm devices, centralization and blocking (STB);

n _by - the number of preventions of the system of technical diagnostics and monitoring (STDM);

T _1,2 - the duration of failures of categories 1 and 2;

T ₃ - the duration of failures of category 3;

T _then - the duration of deviations from the content standards of signaling devices;

T _by - duration of STDM pre-orders;

T _obs - the duration of observation of the object,

If the value of any of the parameters is absent, then it is taken equal to 0.

the calculation module determines the fraction of the intensity of incidents of the type of devices by object and the fraction of the intensity of incidents of the element by type of devices in accordance with mathematical expressions

Where

ω _tu is the fraction of the intensity of incidents of the type of devices in the facility

λ _tu is the intensity of device type incidents;

λ _about - the incident rate of the object;

Where

ω _e is the fraction of the incident rate of an element by type of device;

λ _tu is the intensity of device type incidents;

λ _e is the incident rate of the element;

and sorts the types of devices in decreasing proportion of the incidence rate at the facility to correctly determine the accumulated fraction, while determining the cumulative fraction of devices is determined by summing up the cumulative share of the types of devices in the facility, from larger to smaller,

the calculation module checks the accumulated share of the intensity of incidents of device types using the Pareto analysis function, if the accumulated share of the intensity of incidents of device types is less than 80%, then the DTC project applies to this type of device, and if the accumulated share of the intensity of incidents is more than 80%, then the presence is checked loss of train hours for this type of device, if the accumulated share is more than 80% and loss of train hours for type of devices was not, then the PPN project does not apply to this type of device, therefore the draft PPN is carried out for all types of devices for which losses were made train hours or the cumulative share of the incident intensity of which is not more than 80%,

the calculation module groups the elements of the types of devices included in the DTC project for the subsequent determination of their intensity of incidents, while the determination of the intensity of incidents of elements by type of devices is performed in accordance with the mathematical expression given above

the calculation module determines the expected incident rate of the incident flow at the facility as a result of the work on the PPN project in accordance with the mathematical expression

Where

λ _aw - the expected intensity of the incident flow at the facility;

λ _f - the actual intensity of the incident stream of the object;

- интенсивность потока инцидентов типа устройств, включенного в проект ППН;

- the intensity of the incident flow of the type of devices included in the project;

n is the number of types of devices for the facility included in the design of the project;

after checking all types of devices for all objects, the calculation module generates the PPN project mainly in the form of a table;

- when evaluating the effectiveness of the PPN, the application server started the timer and determined the onset of the time to evaluate the effectiveness of the PPN, if the time for evaluating the effectiveness of the PPN has arrived, then the application server using the communication module with external systems takes data from the database of the ACS-Sh-2 server on the objects included in PPN,

if, in accordance with the timer value, an intermediate assessment of the effectiveness of the reliability improvement plan is required, then the server calculation module starts a sequential check cycle of all objects included in the control panel for performing an intermediate assessment, the calculation module selects the object to be checked and verifies its execution, determines the intensity of incidents in according to mathematical expression

Where

n _1,2 - the number of failures of technical equipment of categories 1 and 2;

n ₃ - the number of failures of category 3;

n _then - the number of deviations from the norms of the content of alarm devices, centralization and blocking (STB);

n _by - the number of pre-orders the system of technical diagnostics and monitoring (STDM);

T _1,2 - the duration of failures of categories 1 and 2;

T ₃ - the duration of failures of category 3;

T is _the duration of deviations from the content standards of signaling devices;

T _by - duration of STDM pre-orders;

T _obs - the duration of observation of the object,

if the value of one of the parameters is absent, then it is taken equal to 0,

the calculation module from the ASU-Sh-2 server database using the communication module takes data on the failure rate of category 1 and 2 hardware and the loss of train hours for the facility, compares the calculated results with the acceptable ones, the comparison results are written to the database using the communication module ASU-Sh-2 server data in the form of indicators - a report on an interim assessment of the effectiveness of the reliability improvement plan, the level of hardware failure rate, incident rate and the presence of train hours losses, which also reflect on the application server site, after an interim assessment of the PPN efficiency for the latter the object cycle is completed, and the application server enters the standby mode for the next timer operation, if the timer has come to form the final PPN efficiency assessment, the calculation module starts a sequential check cycle of all objects included in the PPN to perform the final evaluation, the calculation module selects the object and checks When the project is completed for this facility, the calculation module determines the level of risk, according to which it makes a final assessment of the efficiency of the pipeline, indicating the degree of completion of the pipeline, while the calculation module generates a report on the implementation of the railway and the risk level, according to which the increase in reliability can be considered effective if only the risk level is assessed as permissible or not taken into account, after the assessment of the last object, the cycle is completed, the degree of fulfillment of the PPN and the risk level for the object using the communication module are recorded in the ASU-Sh-2 server database and displayed on the application server website.

These advantages, as well as features of the present invention are explained with the help of a variant of its implementation with reference to the figures.

Figure 1 depicts a structural diagram for implementing the inventive method;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an algorithm for an application server in the PPN generation mode;

FIG. 3 - table with input data for the formation of the project PPN;

FIG. 4 is the same as FIG. 2, continued;

FIG. 5 - a table with the draft PPN form;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an algorithm for an application server in the evaluation mode of the effectiveness of the PPN;

FIG. 7 is a table with a matrix of risks and with the designation of risk levels,

FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of an effective and inefficient PPN.

The figure 1 shows, in accordance with the claimed technical solution, the structural diagram of the application server 2 with the conditional name ANPSh AS - an automated system for statistical analysis of reliability indicators and prescriptive management of automation and telemechanics economy processes (ANPSh server) that implements the possibility of forming a draft plan for increasing the reliability of ZhAT systems and assessment of its effectiveness.

A way to increase the reliability of ZhAT systems (Fig. 1) is to use the data stored on server 1 of ASU-Sh-2, such as an incident, the actual risk level, the allowable failure rate of category 1 and 2 hardware, and the actual rate of technical failure funds of categories 1 and 2. The structure of the incident includes information about the facility, the type of incident, the category of hardware failure, the classifier of the 1st level incident, the classifier of the 2nd level incident, the date and time of the start of the incident, the note of the incident, the loss of train hours, about the asset of the incident. An application server 2 is introduced into the system, which includes a communication module 3 with external systems, a calculation module 4, a database 5, an application server site 6 and a timer 7 connected by the calculation module 4 and the communication module 3 with external systems. Application server 2 receives, using module 3 for communication with external systems, the specified data from server 1 of the ACS-Sh-2. Using the calculation module 4, the application server 2 calculates indicators for the selected object, such as the incidence rate, the actual risk level, the predicted risk level, the expected incident rate, conducts a Pareto analysis, and forms a draft design report. The application server 2 evaluates the effectiveness of the emergency protection program and from the calculation module 4 records in its database 5 indicators - the intensity of the incidents, the expected intensity of the incidents, the emergency control project, the assessment of the effectiveness of the emergency protection indicators, which are displayed on its website 6 for the selected object and, using module 3, communication with external systems transfers to the server 1 ASU-Sh-2.

Failure is an event that violates the operational state of the object.

Category 1 failures - failures leading to a delay of a passenger, commuter or freight train on a haul (station) for 1 hour or more, or leading to traffic accidents or events related to a violation of the safety rules for the operation and operation of railway transport.

Failures of the 2nd category failures, which led to a delay on the haul (station) of a passenger or suburban train lasting from 6 minutes to 1 hour, freight trains lasting from 15 minutes to 1 hour.

Failures of the 3rd category (malfunctions) - cases of violation of the normal functioning of technical equipment that do not have consequences related to failures of the 1st and 2nd category (malfunctions are recorded initially in the framework of automated farm management systems, for example, KAS ANT, EC ASUI, KZ Monitoring).

Incident - a situation of malfunction at the ZhAT facility. The concept contains the following data: object, type of incident, category of hardware failure, classifier of incident level 1, classifier of incident level 2, date and time of the start of the incident, note of the incident, loss of train hours, asset of the incident.

The type of incident - depends on the system from which it was entered on server 1 of the ASU-Sh-2 - hardware failure (KAS ANT), deviation in the content of signaling, centralization and blocking devices for signaling systems (EC ASUI), pre-failure (KZ Monitoring).

Category of technical equipment failure - classification of technical equipment failures used by Russian Railways, depending on the consequences caused by them in terms of train delays at the place of failure, for example, categories 1,2 and 3.

Object - the name of the station or the stage where the incident occurred.

Duration of an incident is the time taken to resolve the incident.

Level 1 incident qualifier - the type of devices the incident belongs to (for example, rail lines, traffic lights, crossing signaling devices, power plants, etc.)

Classifier of an incident of the 2nd level - an element of the type of device to which the incident belongs (for example, the following elements will be valid for traffic lights in accordance with the classifier of the 2nd level: traffic lights in general, lenses, lamps and LEDs, signaling equipment, etc.).

Note of the incident is the comment of the operator of the automated system, which entered the data into server 1 of the ASU-Sh-2.

An incident asset is the physical object to which the incident belongs (for example, “Arrow # 1 at Station A”).

The calculation module 4 of the server 2 applications (Fig. 1) can produce an intermediate assessment of the effectiveness of the PPN and the final assessment of the effectiveness of the PPN. For these purposes, a timer 7 is used, a time counter that records the moments and transmits a signal of their occurrence to the communication module 3 and the calculation module 4 to start performing their own functions. So, for example, the module 4 calculations generates the project PPN once a year. Accordingly, the communication module 3 will transmit it to the server 1 ASU-Sh-2 only once a year. Module 4 performs an intermediate assessment of the effectiveness of the PPN once a week-month, respectively, and communication module 3 will transmit information indicators at this time.

The performance of the application server 3 using the module 3 for communication with external systems (Fig. 1) can also be transmitted directly to the servers "KZ OU ZHATS", "EC ASUI", "KAS ANT", "KZ ALNS" and "KZ Monitoring".

Application server 2 (Fig. 2, when the PPN project is being formed, starts the timer 7 in block 11 and determines the time when the PPN project is generated by decision block 12. If this time has come (yes exit of block 12), block 13 writes to calculation module 4 the algorithm for the formation of PPN, if the time has not come (the output is “no” of block 12), then the data about it goes to the input of block 11. When this time arrives, the application server 2 using the module 3 for communication with external systems takes from the database server 1 ACS- Ш-2 the data on the objects for which the PPN project is being formed and enters them into block 14. The requested data is stored in the database on server 1 of the ACS-Ш-2 and has a table structure (Fig. 3).

Block 15 (Fig. 2) leads this data to a general classification of the first level — the type of devices, and block 16 to a general classification of the second level — elements of the types of devices. This is required because the data in server 1 of the ASU-Sh-2 comes from different automated systems.

In the calculation module 4, the functional block 17 determines the beginning of the cycle of forming the list of objects for which the PPN project will be further formed. To do this, block 18 of the module 4 calculations is carried out alternate selection of all objects.

In decision block 19, a comparison is made of previously obtained data from communication module 3 with external systems on the allowable and actual failure rate of category 1 and 2 hardware. If the actual failure rate of categories 1 and 2 is less than permissible (the output is “no” of decision block 19), then the decision block 20 will check for train-hour losses in the facility if the actual failure rate of the hardware is more than acceptable (output “yes” of the block decision making 19), then the block 22 of the module 4 calculations determines the predicted level of risk for the object.

In decision block 20 of the calculation module 4, a check is made for the existence of train-hour losses in the facility. If there were losses (“yes” output of decision block 20), then block 22 of calculation module 3 determines the predicted risk level for the object, if there were no train-hour losses (“no” exit of decision block 20), then this information is received to the input of block 21, in which it is recorded that the object will not be included in the PPN project.

In decision block 23, a decision is made on the object when its actual failure rate is greater than the permissible (yes exit of decision block 19) or losses are recorded on it (yes exit of the decision block), its predicted risk level is checked. If the predicted risk level is permissible or not taken into account (yes output of decision block 23), then this information is sent to block 21, if the predicted risk level is invalid or undesirable (no output of decision block 23), then information about that is received at the input of block 24.

In block 24, it is recorded that the object is included in the PPN project, the object verification cycle ends, about which information is sent to the functional block 25 of calculation module 4, in which the condition for checking all objects is checked, when not all objects are checked, the cycle starts again from block 18, when the verification of all objects is completed (condition for the end of the cycle), the transition to the functional block 26 is performed — formation of a list of devices by objects.

The functional block 26 of the calculation module 4 determines the beginning of the cycle of forming the list of devices for the objects included in the design of the project. The list of devices is formed for each object separately; for this, block 27 of calculation module 4 performs a sequential selection of all objects. Information about the selected object is received at the input of block 28 of calculation module 4, in which the incident rate of the object is determined.

In block 29, the number of incidents is determined by the type of device. The calculated data is fed to the input of block 30, in which the calculation of the intensity of incidents of the type of device for the object is performed.

Information about the intensity of incidents by type of device from block 30 of calculation module 4 is received at the input of functional block 32 (Fig. 4).

The functional block 32 of the calculation module 4 determines the beginning of the cycle and determines the fraction of the intensity of incidents of the type of device but the object.

In block 33, a sequential selection of device types is performed, data on the selected device type is input to block 34 of calculation module 4, in which the fraction of the intensity of the device type is calculated.

In functional block 35, a check is performed to calculate the fraction of the intensity of incidents for all types of devices of the object, if not all types of devices are checked, the cycle starts again from block 33, if the fraction is calculated for all types of devices (condition for ending the cycle), then the values of the calculated fractions arrive to the input of block 36 of the module 4 calculations.

In block 36 of the calculation module 4, the types of devices of the object are sorted from a larger to a smaller fraction of the intensity of incidents of the type of device, data on the sorting result is input to the functional block 37.

The functional block 37 of the calculation module 4 determines the beginning of the cycle of determining the accumulated share and the selection of device types in the PPN project.

In block 38, the device type is selected sequentially in the order determined by the cycle from blocks 32-35 of calculation module 4. The selected device type is transmitted to the input of block 39, in which the accumulated share is calculated. The value of the accumulated share is transmitted to the input of the block 40 adoption.

Decision block 40 checks that the value of the accumulated fraction of the intensity of incidents of the type of device does not exceed 80%, if the value of the cumulative proportion of the intensity of incidents is more than 80% (yes to decision block 40), then this information is sent to decision block 41, if if the value of the accumulated fraction of the intensity of incidents is not more than 80% (the output is “no” of decision block 40), then this information is sent to the input of block 43 of calculation module 4.

Decision block 41 checks for train-hour losses by device type, if there were no losses (no output), decision block 41), then information about this goes to the input of block 42, if there were losses, then it goes to the input block 43.

Block 42 of the calculation module 4 fixes that the type of device under consideration for the facility is not included in the PPN project. Information from block 42 is fed to the input of functional block 44, in which the condition for ending the cycle of determining the accumulated share and selecting device types in the PPN project is checked.

In block 43 of calculation module 4, it is recorded that the type of device is included in the PPN project, the cycle for determining the accumulated share and the choice of device type is downloaded to the PPN project, and information is sent to function block 44 about this.

In the functional block 44 of the calculation module 4, the verification condition of all types of devices is checked, when not all types of devices are checked, the cycle starts again from block 38, when the verification of all types of devices is completed (end of cycle condition), transition to block 45 is performed.

In block 45 of calculation module 4, the number of incidents is determined by the elements of the device types. The calculated data is fed to the input of block 46, in which the intensity of incidents of elements of the type of devices is calculated by the type of device, the cycle of forming the list of devices by objects included in the project of the emergency protection program ends, the data goes to the input of functional block 47.

In functional block 47 of calculation module 4, the verification condition of all objects included in the RFP project is checked, when not all objects are checked, the cycle starts again from block 27, when all objects are checked (end of cycle condition), the transition to functional block 48 is performed.

Function block 48 determines the beginning of the cycle for determining the expected intensity of incidents of the objects included in the DTC project.

In block 49 of the module 4 calculations, a sequential selection of objects included in the project PPN. Data about the selected object is sent to block 50.

In block 50 of module 4 of calculations for the selected object, the difference is determined between its intensity of incidents and the intensity of incidents of the types of devices included in the DTC project. Data on the calculation is transmitted to the input of the functional block 51.

In the functional block 51 of the calculation module 4, the condition for calculating the expected incidence rate for all objects included in the DTC project is checked, when the calculation is not performed for all objects, the cycle starts again from block 49, when the calculation is performed for all objects (end of cycle condition), the transition to block 52.

In block 52 of the module 4 calculations, the formation of the data table "project PPN" (Fig. 5). The generated data table "project PPN" is transmitted to the input of block 53.

In block 53 of calculation module 4, the “PPN project” data table is transferred to communication module 3 with external systems

In block 54 of calculation module 4, the “PPN project” data table is transferred to database 5 of application server 2. Information about writing the data table "project PPN" in the database is received at the input of the functional block 55.

In the functional block 55 of the calculation module 4, the operation of the calculation module 4 is stopped.

The determination of the intensity λ _{i of} incidents by the object, type of devices and elements of the types of devices is carried out in accordance with the mathematical expression

где

Where

n _1,2 - the number of failures of technical equipment of categories 1 and 2;

n ₃ - the number of failures of category 3;

n _then - the number of deviations from the norms of the content of alarm devices, centralization and blocking (STB);

n _by - the number of preventions of the system of technical diagnostics and monitoring (STDM);

T _1,2 - the duration of failures of categories 1 and 2;

T ₃ - the duration of failures of category 3;

T _then - the duration of deviations from the content standards of signaling devices;

T _by - duration of STDM pre-orders;

T _obs - the duration of observation of the object,

if the value of one of the parameters is absent, then it is taken equal to 0.

Incidents include hardware failures (2nd line of figure 3) and the duration of incidents (4th line of figure 3). From here, when calculating the intensity of incidents, the number of failures of the third category and their duration are selected.

The fraction of the intensity of incidents of the type of devices by the object and the fraction of the intensity of incidents of the element by the type of devices is calculated in accordance with mathematical expressions

Where

ω _tu is the fraction of the intensity of incidents of the type of devices in the facility;

λ _tu is the intensity of device type incidents;

λ _about - the incident rate of the object;

Where

ω _e is the fraction of the incident rate of an element by type of device;

λ _tu is the intensity of device type incidents;

λ _e is the incident rate of the element;

Calculation module 4 checks the accumulated fraction of the intensity of incidents of device types using the Pareto analysis function. If the cumulative share of the incidence rate of incidents of a device type is less than 80%, then the DTC project applies to this type of device, and if the cumulative share of the incidence rate of incidents is more than 80%, then the presence of train-hours losses for this type of device is checked if the accumulated share is more than 80% and There were no train-hours losses by type of device, then the PPN project does not apply to this type of devices, therefore, the PPN project is implemented for all types of devices for which train-hours were lost or the cumulative share of incident intensity of which is not more than 80%.

Calculation module 4 performs the grouping of elements of the types of devices included in the DTC project for the subsequent determination of their intensity of incidents, while the determination of the intensity of incidents of elements by type of devices is performed in accordance with the mathematical expression given above

Calculation module 4 determines the expected incident rate of the incident flow at the facility as a result of the work on the PPN project in accordance with the mathematical expression

Where

λ _aw - the expected intensity of the incident flow at the facility;

λ _f - the actual intensity of the incident stream of the object;

- интенсивность потока инцидентов типа устройств, включенного в проект ППН;

- the intensity of the incident flow of the type of devices included in the project;

n is the number of types of devices for the facility included in the design of the project.

After checking all types of devices for all objects, the calculation module 4 generates the PPN project mainly in the form of a table (Fig. 5).

When evaluating the effectiveness of the PPN, the application server 2 starts the timer 7 in block 61 (Fig. 6) and determines the time of the evaluation of the effectiveness of the PPN by the decision block 62, if the time has come to evaluate the effectiveness of the PDP (decision "yes" of the decision block 62), block 63 produces recording in the calculation module 4, the algorithm for evaluating the effectiveness of the PPN, if the time has not arrived (the output is “no” of block 62), then this information is sent to the input of the block 61. When this time comes, the application server 2 with the help of module 3 for communication with external systems takes database of ASU-Sh-2 server 1, that data on objects for which the PPN project is being formed, and enters it into block 64. The requested data is stored in the database on ASU-Sh-2 server 1 and has a table structure (Fig. . 3).

In the decision block 65 of the decision module 4, the calculation is made of the type of evaluation of the effectiveness of the PPN, if an intermediate assessment is performed (output "yes" of the decision block 65), then the data is fed to the input of the functional block 66, if the final assessment is performed (the output is "no" of the block 65 decision making), then the data is sent to the input of the functional block 76.

Function block 66 of calculation module 4 determines the beginning of an intermediate assessment cycle for PPN.

In block 67 of the calculation module 4, a sequential selection of objects included in the PPN is performed. Data about the selected object is sent to block 68.

In block 68 of the calculation module 4, the fact of completion of the PPN measures is checked, data on the implementation of the PPN is received at the input of block 69.

In block 69 of the calculation module 4, an incident intensity determination is performed. Data is input to block 70.

In block 70 of the calculation module 4, the failure rate of categories 1 and 2 is determined. Data is input to block 71.

In block 71 of the calculation module 4, a check is made for the presence of losses in the facility. Data is input to block 72.

In block 72 of the calculation module 4, the calculated indicators are compared with the acceptable ones, and the incident intensity is expected. Data is input to block 73.

In block 73 of the calculation module 4, the results of the comparison are recorded in the database 5 of the application server 2. Information about data recording is transmitted to the input of function block 74.

In the functional block 74 of the calculation module 4, the condition for the intermediate assessment of the PPI for all objects included in the PPI is checked, when the evaluation is not performed for all objects, the cycle starts again from block 67, when the calculation is performed for all objects (the termination condition of the cycle), the transition to block 75 .

In block 75 of module 4 of the calculations, a report is generated on the performance of the PPN, the ratio of the actual and allowable failure rate of category 1 and 2, the actual, allowable and expected intensity of the incidents, an intermediate assessment. Information about the formation of the report is received at the input of the functional block 84 of the calculation module 4.

In the functional block 84, the operation of the calculation module 4 is stopped.

Function block 76 of the calculation module 4 determines the beginning of the cycle of the final assessment of the PPN.

In block 77 of the calculation module 4, a sequential selection of objects included in the PPN is performed. Data about the selected object is sent to block 78.

In block 78 of the calculation module 4, the fact of completion of the PPN measures is checked, data on the implementation of the PPN is received at the input of block 79.

In block 79 of the calculation module 4, the actual risk level is determined. Data is input to block 80.

In block 80 of the calculation module 4, a final performance evaluation is performed. Data is input to block 81 of calculation module 4.

Just as in the formation of PPN, the intensity of incidents is determined in accordance with the mathematical expression

Where

n _1,2 - the number of failures of technical equipment of categories 1 and 2;

n ₃ - the number of failures of category 3;

n _then - the number of deviations from the norms of the content of alarm devices, centralization and blocking (STB);

n _by - the number of pre-orders the system of technical diagnostics and monitoring (STDM);

T _1,2 - the duration of failures of categories 1 and 2;

T ₃ - the duration of failures of category 3;

T _then - the duration of deviations from the content standards of signaling devices;

T _by - duration of STDM pre-orders;

T _obs - the duration of observation of the object,

if the value of one of the parameters is absent, then it is taken equal to 0,

Thus (Fig. 1), the calculation module 4 from the ASU-Sh-2 server database, using the communication module 3, takes data on the failure rate of category 1 and 2 technical equipment and the loss of train hours in the facility, compares the calculated results with acceptable . The results of the comparison using the communication module 3 are recorded in the database 5 of the ACS Ш 2 server in the form of indicators - a report on an intermediate assessment of the efficiency of the emergency protection plan, the level of hardware failure rate, the incident rate and the presence of train-hours losses, which also reflect on the application server website 6 , after an intermediate assessment of the effectiveness of the PPN for the last object, the cycle ends, and the application server goes into standby mode for the next timer 7

If, according to timer 7, the time has come for the formation of the final assessment of the effectiveness of the PPN, the calculation module 4 starts a cycle of sequential verification of all objects included in the PPN to perform the final assessment. Calculation module 4 selects an object and checks the performance of PPN work on this object. The calculation module in block 79 determines the risk level by constructing a risk matrix (Fig. 7).

At the intersection of the line “frequency of damage” and the column “level of consequences” is the desired risk level.

In figure 7, the following notation is used:

n _{s add} - the permissible value of the delay frequency of trains;

T _{zu additional} - the permissible value of the loss of train hours

T _zu - the actual value of the loss of train hours;

n _s - the actual value of the frequency of occurrence of train delays;

k _f is the step along the frequency axis;

k _c - step along the axis of consequences.

Knowing the values of the level of the frequency of damage and the level of consequences of the occurrence of failures of ZhAT means, the level of risk is determined.

Permissible values of n _{s add} and T _{z dop are} determined for objects in accordance with the guidelines for managing the reliability of railway automation and telemechanics based on the ALARP and URRAN methodologies. For this:

- Form a list of failures of technical equipment for 3 years;

- Perform data samples to calculate the norms in accordance with the characteristics of classes and specializations;

For each object (station / stage), depending on the class and specialization of the line, the permissible value of the train delay frequency (n _{s extra} ) and the permissible loss value (T _{z extra} ) are determined.

The permissible value of the losses T _{З additional} will be determined by the formula (1.5):

Where

T _{s av} - the average value of losses per year;

σ _{Tz is} the standard deviation of the delay in the movement of trains within the railway line of a given class and specialization per year.

The permissible value of the train delay frequency n _{s additional is} calculated by the formula (1.6):

where n _{s av} - the average value of the frequency of train delays for a section of a railway line of a certain class and specialization;

σ _nz - the standard deviation of the delay in the movement of trains.

The actual value of the frequency of occurrence of train delays m is calculated in accordance with the mathematical expression

Where

where T _obs - the period of observation of the object;

N _s - the number of failures of categories 1 and 2.

Thus, the actual risk level is determined by finding in the risk matrix the intersection of the actual frequency of train delays at the facility and actual losses.

In accordance with the methodology for determining the boundaries in the risk matrix as the coefficients k _f and k _c, respectively, the following values were chosen - 1.5874 and 2.519842.

In block 80, in accordance with the calculated risk level for the object, the effectiveness of the reliability improvement plan is evaluated. At the same time, the degree of fulfillment of the PPP is indicated, since an unfulfilled or partially completed PPP cannot fully affect the level of risk.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of PPP depending on the level of risk at the time of the formation of the plan (actual) and at the end of the implementation period of the plan (completed) is shown in figure 8. Of the proposed ratios of actual and executed risk levels (the possible value of risk levels is in the diagonal to the left zone) ) it can be seen that the process of improving reliability can be considered effective in the case when the executed level of risk is assessed as acceptable or not taken into account. If the executed risk level is assessed as unacceptable or undesirable, then the process of increasing reliability is recognized as ineffective.

In block 81 (Fig. 6) of the calculation module 4, the results are recorded in the database 5 of the application server 2 data. Information about the operation is received at the input of the function block 82.

In the functional block 82 of the calculation module 4, the condition for performing the final PPN assessment for all objects included in the PPN is checked, when the assessment is not performed for all objects, the cycle starts again from block 77, when the calculation is performed for all objects (end of cycle condition), the transition to the block 83 module 4 calculations.

In block 83 of the calculation module 4, a report is generated on the performance of the PPI, the level of risk, the final assessment. Information about the formation of the report is received at the input of the functional block 84.

In the functional block 84 of the calculation module 4, the operation of the calculation module 4 is stopped.

The most successfully announced “A way to improve the reliability of railway automation and telemechanics systems with an assessment of its effectiveness” is industrially applicable for operational planning of troubleshooting or suppressing problems, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of the plan for increasing the reliability of ZhAT.

Claims (50)

1. A way to improve the reliability of railway automation and telemechanics (ZhAT) systems, which consists in using data stored on the server ASU-Sh-2, a comprehensive automated system for managing the centralization, signaling and blocking of the second generation, such as an incident, the actual level risk, the permissible failure rate of technical equipment of categories 1 and 2, the actual failure rate of technical equipment of categories 1 and 2, the structure of the incident includes information about the facility, the type of incident, the category of failure of technical equipment, the classifier of the incident level 1, the classifier of the incident Level 2, on the date and time the incident began, on the note of the incident, on the loss of train hours, on the asset of the incident, characterized in that they introduce an application server, which includes a communication module with external systems, a calculation module, a database, application server site and timer connected by the calculation module and the communication module with external systems, the server p applications receives, using the module for communication with external systems, the specified data from the ASU-Sh-2 server, using the calculation module, the application server calculates indicators for the selected object, such as incident rate, actual risk level, forecast risk level, expected incident rate, conducts Pareto analysis, forms a draft plan for improving reliability, evaluates the effectiveness of the plan for increasing reliability, the application server from the calculation module writes to its database indicators - incident intensity, expected intensity of incidents, draft plan for increasing reliability, evaluating the effectiveness of the reliability plan, which displays for the selected object on its website and using the module for communication with external systems transfers to the server ASU-Sh-2. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the application server calculation module performs an interim assessment of the effectiveness of the reliability improvement plan and a final assessment of the effectiveness of the reliability improvement plan. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the performance of the application server using the communication module with external systems is transmitted to the servers of the task complex "Accounting and analysis of failures, damage and malfunctions of ZHATS devices" - "KZ OU ZHATS", a unified corporate automated system infrastructure management - "EK ASUI", a comprehensive automated accounting system, control of elimination of technical equipment failures and analysis of their reliability - "KAS ANT", a set of tasks "Accounting and analysis of malfunctions of ALSN, SAUT, CLUB devices" - "KZ ALNS" and systems "KZ Monitoring". 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that when forming the draft plan for improving reliability, the application server starts a timer and determines when the time for generating the draft plan for increasing reliability is determined, when this time comes, the application server with the help of the communication module with external systems takes from the server database ACS-SH-2 the data on the objects for which the draft plan for improving reliability is being formed, and leads the data to a general classification of the first level - the type of devices and the second level - elements of device types, in the calculation module of the application server compare the actual and allowable failure rates of technical means of categories 1 and 2 of the object category, if the actual intensity exceeds the permissible level, then the predicted risk level is determined for the object and its level is checked, if the actual failure rate of equipment of categories 1 and 2 does not exceed the allowable level, then the train-hour losses at the object are estimated if train hours loss was not at the facility, then the facility is not included in the draft reliability improvement plan, if there were train hours lost at the facility, then a predicted risk level is checked for it if the actual failure rate of technical equipment of categories 1 and 2 exceeds the permissible or the facility has lost train hours and if the predicted risk level is acceptable or not taken into account, then the object is not included in the draft reliability plan, and if the risk level is invalid or undesirable, then the object is included in the draft reliability plan, the calculation module for each object sequentially determines intensity of incidents of the object, grouping of incidents by type of device and determining the intensity of incidents by type of devices on the object, and determining the intensity λ _{i of} incidents by object, type of device and elements of device types is performed in accordance with the mathematical expression

n _1,2 - the number of failures of technical equipment of categories 1 and 2; n ₃ - the number of failures of category 3; n _then - the number of deviations from the norms of the content of alarm devices, centralization and blocking (STB); n _by - the number of preventions of the system of technical diagnostics and monitoring (STDM); T _1,2 - the duration of failures of categories 1 and 2; T ₃ - the duration of failures of category 3; T _then - the duration of deviations from the content standards of signaling devices; T _by - duration of STDM pre-orders; T _obs - the duration of observation of the object, if the value of any of the parameters is absent, then it is taken equal to 0, the calculation module determines the fraction of the intensity of incidents of the type of devices by object and the fraction of the intensity of incidents of the element by type of devices in accordance with mathematical expressions

ω _tu is the fraction of the intensity of incidents of the type of devices in the facility; λ _tu is the intensity of device type incidents; λ _about - the incident rate of the object;

ω _e is the fraction of the incident rate of an element by type of device; λ _tu is the intensity of device type incidents; λ _e is the incident rate of the element; and sorts the types of devices in decreasing proportion of the incidence rate at the facility to correctly determine the accumulated fraction, while determining the cumulative fraction of devices is determined by summing up the cumulative share of the types of devices in the facility, from larger to smaller, the calculation module checks the accumulated share of the intensity of incidents of device types using the Pareto analysis function, if the accumulated share of the intensity of incidents of device types is less than 80%, then the draft plan for improving the reliability applies to this type of device, and if the accumulated share of the intensity of incidents is more than 80%, then the presence of train-hours losses by this type of devices is checked, if there is no accumulated share of more than 80% and there are no train-hours losses by type of devices, the draft plan for improving reliability does not apply to this type of devices, therefore, the draft plan for improving reliability is implemented for all types of devices for which train-hours were lost or whose cumulative share of incident intensity is not more than 80%, the calculation module groups the elements of the types of devices included in the draft plan for improving reliability for the subsequent determination of their intensity of incidents, while the determination of the intensity of incidents of elements by type of devices is performed in accordance with the mathematical expression given above

the calculation module determines the expected incident rate of the incident flow at the facility as a result of the work on the draft reliability improvement plan in accordance with the mathematical expression

λ _aw - the expected intensity of the incident flow at the facility; λ _f - the actual intensity of the incident stream of the object; λ _{itu (n)} is the intensity of the incident flow of the type of devices included in the draft plan; n is the number of types of devices for the facility included in the draft plan for improving reliability; after checking all types of devices for all objects, the calculation module generates a draft plan for improving reliability mainly in the form of a table. 5. The method according to PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that when evaluating the effectiveness of the reliability improvement plan, the application server starts a timer and determines the time to evaluate the effectiveness of the reliability improvement plan, if the time has come to evaluate the effectiveness of the reliability improvement plan, the application server takes from the database using the communication module with external systems ACS-Sh-2 server data; data on objects included in the reliability improvement plan; if, in accordance with the timer value, an intermediate assessment of the effectiveness of the reliability improvement plan is required, then the server calculation module starts a sequential verification cycle of all objects included in the reliability improvement plan to perform an intermediate assessment, the calculation module selects the object to be checked and verifies its implementation, determines the intensity mathematical expression incidents

Where: n _1,2 - the number of failures of technical equipment of categories 1 and 2; n ₃ - the number of failures of category 3; n _then - the number of deviations from the norms of the content of alarm devices, centralization and blocking (STB); n _by - the number of pre-orders the system of technical diagnostics and monitoring (STDM); T _1,2 - the duration of failures of categories 1 and 2; T ₃ - the duration of failures of category 3; T _then - the duration of deviations from the content standards of signaling devices; T _by - duration of STDM pre-orders; T _obs - the duration of observation of the object, if the value of any of the parameters is absent, then it is taken equal to 0, the calculation module from the ASU-Sh-2 server database using the communication module takes data on the failure rate of technical equipment of categories 1 and 2 and the loss of train hours for the facility, compares the calculated results with the acceptable ones, the comparison results are written to the database using the communication module ASU-Sh-2 server data in the form of indicators - a report on an interim assessment of the effectiveness of the reliability improvement plan, the level of hardware failure rate, incident intensity and the presence of train hours losses, which also reflect on the application server website, after an interim assessment of the effectiveness of the reliability improvement plan for the last object, the cycle ends, and the application server enters the standby mode for the next timer operation, if the timer has come to form the final assessment of the effectiveness of the reliability improvement plan, the calculation module starts a sequential check cycle of all objects included in the reliability improvement plan to complete the total new assessment, the calculation module selects an object and verifies the implementation of the plan for improving the reliability of work on this object, the calculation module determines the risk level, in accordance with which it makes a final assessment of the effectiveness of the reliability improvement plan with an indication of the degree of implementation of the reliability improvement plan, while the calculation module generates a report on the implementation of the reliability improvement plan and the risk level, according to which the reliability improvement can be considered effective, if only the risk level is assessed as acceptable or not taken into account, after the assessment of the last object, the cycle is completed, the degree of implementation of the reliability improvement plan and the risk level for the object when using the communication module, they are written to the ASU-Sh-2 server database and displayed on the application server website.

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