RU2725317C1 - Sowing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building, in particular, to seeders with a mechanism for folding of a coulter crossarm. Sowing machine comprises central frame, on both sides of which there are bearing and coulter crossarms, brackets, hydraulic cylinders, chassis. Bearing crossarms are hinged to the central frame. Some brackets are intended for attachment of the coulter crossarm to the bearing crossarm. Other brackets are intended for attachment of telescopic hydraulic cylinders. First brackets made of component parts pivotally connected to each other are mounted on bearing and coulter crossarms. One part of the first bracket is fixed on the bearing crossarm with possibility of movement along it. Second part of the first bracket is fixed on the coulter crossarm. First brackets on crossarms installed several pairs. Between the first brackets pair on the bearing crossarm there is the second movably fixed bracket made with holes in the lugs for hinged attachment of one of the ends of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder. On the coulter crossarm between the second components of the pair of the first brackets there is a third bracket made with lugs and holes for hinged attachment of the other end of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder and fixed on the coulter crossarm. Both parts of the first brackets have holes that are aligned when retainers are installed in them. Fourth brackets intended for hinged fastening of hydraulic cylinders located on both sides of central frame are fixed on central frame and on chassis, which are hinged to central frame. Fifth brackets intended for hinged fastening of hydraulic cylinders arranged on both sides of central frame along bearing crossarms are rigidly fixed to central frame and to bearing crossarm.

EFFECT: simplified design of the device for folding of the coulter crossarms, the durability of brackets of seed distributors, uniformity of supply of seeds.

1 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to an agricultural machine and can be used in a seeder for folding openers traverse.

Seeders are known in which the folding of the coulter traverse from the working position to the transport position occurs mainly using the following solutions. The center of rotation is located at the edges of the traverse of the stationary and rotating parts of the machine. In addition, on the fixed and rotating part, there are hook attachment points located below the center of horizontal rotation and at some distance from the center of vertical rotation. On the opposite upper edge of the traverse are two rods that are connected through an opening through which the control plunger rod passes. The plunger rod is mounted at the opposite end above the fixed beam.

In another solution, a control plunger rod mounted on a rotating part of the machine is longer than a control plunger rod mounted on a fixed part. They are mutually connected in such a way that the end of the longer bar extends beyond the limits of the short bar. The long rod also extends beyond the hole for mounting the control plunger rod. The advantage of folding the second type over the first is the much lower required force to fold the machine.

The disadvantage of both analogues is that they require a lot of space for mounting the control rod and its entire mechanism, which significantly increases the overall height. Given that the total width of the road transport should not exceed 3 m, and the height - 4 m, the width of the car, thus, becomes limited. In most cases, the maximum width of the machine with one fixed and two folding booms is limited to 5.5 m.

Known agricultural machine (RU 2578407 C1, published 03/27/2016, bull. No. 9). The device includes at least one fixed and at least one placed in a fixed rotating and folding parts. The fixed and folding parts are connected by at least one hinge mounted at the ends of the parts. In the fixed part, a linear actuator is provided pivotally connected to the bar. The rod is pivotally connected to the folding part. On the folding part, a linear drive device is installed under the traverse of the fixed part, where the rod rests on the rotating stop during folding or unfolding of the folding part. The limiter is installed in a fixed part on the axis of the swivel. The swivel connection of the linear drive device with the bar is equipped with at least one roller, for which during folding or unfolding the folding part it is possible to direct the movement of at least one guide.

Known folding gun frame (RU 2632963 C2, published 11.10.2017, bull. No. 29), having seven sections in position for use in the field and nine sections in the folded position. The frame has a width of more than 27 meters. In the transport folded position, the frame width is less than eight meters and its height is less than six meters. Frames contain a hydraulic system for transferring mass to the main or central section of the frame during folding and unfolding. The hydraulic system uses one or more drives to minimize the amount of oil reduction in the tractor tank due to the extension of the implement’s hydraulic cylinders. The periods of cycles for raising and lowering the implement are minimized by providing a second auxiliary cylinder for lifting the main section of the frame when the mass of the entire implement is on the main section and allowing the use of a smaller cylinder to raise the main section of the frame in position for use in the field for shorter periods time cycles of raising and lowering the gun for turns in the field.

The disadvantages of analogues are complex design solutions, characterized by the sequential folding of the side sections. The hydraulic control of the sequential folding system includes in both cases a separate control unit for hydraulic cylinders, when only their sequential operation is possible. In addition, the movement mechanisms, brackets of fastening, folding, fixing, have a complex shape and do not exclude bending or deformation in the case of folding the product with the earth adhering to the working bodies. The same earth adhering to the working bodies can have a negative effect in case of shedding and getting on the working surfaces involved in contact with the folding parts, or moving along the guide poses of the brackets

Known seeder company Kverneland (source: http://www.rusfield.ru/technics/ aim-sow-pneumatic.shtml), adopted for the closest analogue containing hydraulic cylinders, brackets. The folding of the coulter traverse of the seeder occurs due to the operation of the central hydraulic cylinder, which begins to retract and pull through the axis of its rod the rear movable frame of the seeder. At the same time, the movable frame rotates on the axes of attachment and leans forward. The coulter traverses are attached to the movable frame on both sides (right and left) on the axes. Openers are attached to these coulter traverses via individual fixed brackets. When the central hydraulic cylinder rod is retracted, the entire seeder structure leans forward, while all coulters together with the coulter traverse rise in the rear part and retain their position relative to the upper plane of the coulter traverse, which causes the seeds to roll into the front of the distributor. After the retraction of the rod of the central hydraulic cylinder is completed, the subsequent retraction of the rods of the two side hydraulic cylinders begins, which directly provide the further folding of both coulter traverses with the coulters. All openers also maintain their position relative to the upper plane of the opener traverse. The coulters move from the rear inclined vertical position to the front inclined vertical position along a curved path. Additionally, the right and left racks of seed distributors located in the middle of the coulter traverse, with the help of additional hydraulic cylinders, are tilted back to subsequently be placed behind the rear wall of the hopper. When the lateral hydraulic cylinders are finally retracted into the cavity, the coulter travers together with the coulters will be located along the seeder hopper and at the same time, all coulters will retain their position relative to the upper plane of the coulter traverse.

The disadvantages of the closest analogue are:

- the complexity of the design solution, due to the presence of an intermediate rotary frame, which is an additional connecting structural element between the main frame and the traverses;

- premature wear of the mechanism for mounting the seed distributor, due to the mandatory retraction of the seed distributor when folding the traverse along the hopper;

- the complexity of folding openers traverse due to the presence of a distribution block that controls the process of sequential operation of hydraulic cylinders;

- the impossibility of rapid replacement of coulter brackets, fixedly mounted to the bearing beam in operation when they are worn, or accidental deformation;

- uneven supply of seeds to the appropriate openers due to the tilt of the seed distributor and rolling of seeds to the front of the distributor at each turn of the seeder in the field, the coulter beam constantly tilts forward after the turn is completed and the traverse is subsequently lowered to the working position.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to simplify folding the coulter traverse of the seeder, ensuring the transport width of the seeder is not more than 3 m, ensuring uniformity of seed supply to the coulters after turning the seeder in the field.

The technical result of the claimed invention is achieved by the fact that in the seeder containing a Central frame, on both sides of which are bearing and coulter traverses, brackets, hydraulic cylinders, chassis, bearing travers are pivotally fixed to the Central frame; latches, additional brackets and hydraulic cylinders are introduced, some brackets are designed for fastening the coulter traverse to the bearing traverse, other brackets are designed for fastening hydraulic cylinders made by telescopic; on the carrier and coulter traverses, the first brackets are installed, made of components pivotally connected to each other, one part of the first bracket is mounted on the carrier traverse with the ability to move along it, and the second part of the first bracket is fixed on the coulter traverse motionless, moreover, of such first brackets on there are several pairs of traverses, between the pair of first brackets on the supporting traverse there is a second movably fixed bracket made with holes in the ears for hinging one of the ends of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and on the coulter traverse between the second components of the pair of first brackets there is a third bracket made with ears and holes for hinging the other end of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder and fixedly mounted on the coulter traverse, while both parts of the first brackets contain holes that are compatible with the installation of latches; the introduced fourth brackets designed for hinging in them hydraulic cylinders located on both sides of the central frame are fixed motionless on the central frame and on the chassis, which are pivotally fixed from below to the central frame; introduced fifth brackets designed for hinging in them hydraulic cylinders located on both sides of the central frame along the supporting beam, are fixedly mounted to the central frame and to the bearing beam. The bearing traverses are pivotally fixed to the central frame using axial clamps.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the seeder in the open position; in FIG. 2 - view A; in FIG. 3 shows a seeder with retracted telescopic hydraulic cylinders and raised coulters in the folded position; in FIG. 4 shows the holes in the brackets for mounting the latch; in FIG. 5 shows a seeder in front in an open position; in FIG. 6 - shows a view of B; Fig.6 a is a close-up view showing the mounting of the hydraulic cylinder on the chassis using the bracket 19; in FIG. 7 shows a rotated front view of B in the left; in FIG. 8 shows the seeder on the right in the upper position, with retracted telescopic hydraulic cylinders, raised coulter traverses with coulters and extended hydraulic cylinder rods; in FIG. 9 shows a seeder with retracted telescopic hydraulic cylinders, raised coulter traverses with openers, extended hydraulic cylinder rods and retracted hydraulic cylinder rods, with the latter located along the hoppers; in FIG. 10 shows a view of an extended hydraulic cylinder rod, relative to the retracted hydraulic cylinder rod, in the raised position of the seeder with supporting traverses folded along the hoppers; in FIG. 11 shows a rear view of the seeder in a transport position and a transport width of 2, 93 m. With raised coulter traverses with coulters folded along the bunkers with bearing traverses of the seeder; in FIG. 12 shows a rear view when moving the seeder over short distances with bearing traverses folded along the bunkers and openers not raised, with telescopic hydraulic cylinders extended; in FIG. 13 shows a view with the extended hydraulic cylinder when performing a turn in the field.

The following notation is used in the figures:

1 - the first brackets for attaching the coulter beam to the bearing beam;

2 - the second bracket for mounting the hydraulic cylinder;

3 - the third bracket for mounting the hydraulic cylinder;

4, 14, 15 - hydraulic cylinders;

5 - bearing traverse;

6 - opener traverse;

7, 8 - holes in the ears of the brackets for mounting the axes of the hydraulic cylinders;

9 - clamps;

10 - holes in both parts of the first brackets for the clamps;

11 - chassis;

12 - brackets designed for mounting the chassis to the Central frame;

13 - the central frame;

16, 19 - fourth brackets;

17.18, - fifth brackets;

20 - axial clamps;

21 - supporting and transport wheels;

22 - packer wheels.

The seeder contains a central frame13, on both sides of which are bearing 5 and coulter 6 traverses, brackets 1, 2, 3, 12, 16, 17, 18, 19, hydraulic cylinders 4, 14, 15, chassis 11. Hydraulic cylinders 4, 14, 15 made telescopic. The bearing traverses 5 are pivotally fixed to the central frame 13. The brackets 1 are designed for fastening the coulter traverse 6 to the supporting traverse 5. The brackets 2, 3, 16, 17, 18, 19 are designed for fastening the hydraulic cylinders 4 and hydraulic cylinders 14, 15. The first brackets 1 made of components pivotally connected to each other, one part of the first bracket 1 is mounted on the supporting beam 5 with the possibility of movement along it, and the second part of the first bracket 1 is fixed on the coulter beam 6 motionless. The first brackets 1 on the traverses 5 and 6 are several pairs. Between the pair of first brackets 1 on the supporting beam 5 there is a second movably fixed bracket 2, made with holes 7 and 8 in the ears for hinging one of the ends of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 4. On the coulter beam 6 between the second components of the pair of first brackets 1 there is a third bracket 3 made with ears and holes 7 and 8 for pivotally attaching the other end of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 4 and fixedly mounted on the coulter traverse 6. Both parts of the first brackets 1 contain holes 10 that are compatible when the clips 9 are installed in them. Fourth brackets 16 and 19, designed to the pivoting bolts in them of the hydraulic cylinders 14 are located on both sides of the central frame 13 fixedly mounted on the central frame 13 and on the chassis 11. The chassis 11 is pivotally, through brackets 12, fixed to the central frame 13. Fifth brackets 17 and 18, designed for hinging in of them hydraulic cylinders 15 are fixedly fixed to the Central frame 13 and to the bearing beam 5. The hydraulic cylinders 15 are located on both sides of the Central frame 13 along the bearing beam 5.

Bearing traverses 5 are pivotally fixed to the Central frame 13 using axial latches 20.

On each coulter traverse 6 and the bearing traverse 5 there are 2 hydraulic cylinders 4 that open and fold the coulter trays 6. Hydraulic cylinders 4 provide the necessary technological clamp to the coulter traverses 6, by changing the length of the extended part of the hydraulic cylinder 4. The device allows you to lift, fold the coulter traverse seeders before transportation. In case of movement of the seeder, a horizontal-inclined position of the coulters with the arrangement of coulter traverses 6 along the hoppers directly is possible.

The inventive device operates as follows. Hydraulic cylinders 4 (FIGS. 2, 3, 4) are retracted using tractor hydraulics and translate the coulter traverse 6 from an inclined horizontal to an inclined vertical position. After the coulter traverse 6 is moved to a vertically inclined position, the operator stops the flow of hydraulic oil from the tractor hydraulic system into the hydraulic cylinders 4 and into the special holes 10 of the brackets 1, the machine operator inserts the clamps 9. The hydraulic cylinders 4 are in this compressed position. Then, the hydraulic cylinders 14 (Fig. 8) seeder rises, i.e., is transferred to the upper position, and then the hydraulic cylinders 15 (Figs. 9, 10) of the bearing beam 5 with the coulters 6 mounted on them with the coulters in an inclined vertical position openers 6 are located along the hoppers of the seeder.

The hydraulic cylinders 14 (6, 7) are pivotally fixed at one end of the holes of the brackets 16 fixedly mounted on the central frame 13, the other end are pivotally attached at the holes of the brackets 19 fixedly mounted on the chassis 11.

When hydraulic oil is supplied from the tractor hydraulic system, the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 14 extends and lifts the seeder upwards, while the chassis 11, connected through the bracket 12 to the central frame 13, makes a sector-radius vertical movement relative to the central frame 13, directly raising the seeder above the ground. As a result of the maximum extension of the central rod of the hydraulic cylinders 14, a distance is ensured between the lower circumference of the presser wheel of the coulter 22 (Fig. 13) and the surface of the earth when turning in the field or during short movements of the seeder.

The seeder contains hydraulic cylinders 15 (Fig. 6, 7, 10), which at one end are pivotally mounted in the holes of the brackets 17, fixedly mounted to the central frame 13, the other end are pivotally mounted in the holes of the brackets 18, fixedly mounted on the supporting beam 5. When hydraulic oil is supplied from of the tractor hydraulic system, the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 15 is retracted and, at one end, in the bracket 18 pulls the bearing beam 5, which on the axial lock 20 performs sector-radius horizontal movement to the folding position of the opener beam 6 along the seeder bins.

Folding opener traverse 6 (figure 2, 3) in the seeder is as follows:

One hydraulic line under the action of hydraulic oil supplied from the tractor hydraulic system, the telescopic hydraulic cylinders 4 connected to the brackets 3 are retracted and move the coulter beam 6 from a horizontally-inclined position to a vertically-inclined position, followed by installation of the clamps 9 in the combined holes 10 of the brackets 1. Next on another hydraulic line under the action of hydraulic oil supplied from the tractor hydraulic system, the hydraulic cylinders 14 (Fig. 6,7,8) connected to the brackets 16 and 19 (Fig. 6, 7, 8, 9) do not extend the rods and raise the drill to the upper position . Then, along another hydraulic line, under the action of hydraulic oil supplied from the tractor hydraulic system, hydraulic cylinders 15 (Figs. 6, 7, 10) connected to the brackets 17 and 18 retract the rods and provide movement of the bearing beam 5 along the seeder bunkers located above the transport wheels 21, providing the required transport width - 2.93 m (Fig. 11).

The inventive seeder allows you to move the coulter traverse 6 from an inclined horizontal to an inclined vertical position without tilting the seed distributors and thereby creating conditions for their arbitrary rolling of seeds into the front of the distributor, as this happens in the prototype. The seeder performs simple actions for folding the coulter traverse, while ensuring a uniform seed supply after a reversal in the field. Due to the movably fixed brackets, it becomes possible to quickly replace them in the event of a breakdown. The seeder in position with vertically raised openers allows you to get a transport width of 2.93 m.

In addition, the inventive seeder allows for incomplete folding of the coulter traverse when moving over short distances (from field to field).

At the beginning, the hydraulic cylinders 14 raise the drill together with the openers, then the hydraulic cylinders 15 fold the load-bearing beams along the hoppers of the seeder (Fig. 12), while the transport width of the seeder is 4.19 m.

For each reversal in the field during sowing, it is sufficient to use only hydraulic cylinders 14, which, when extending the central rods, provide a sufficient distance for the reversal between the lower part of the pressure wheel 22 of the coulters and the surface of the field. In this case, unlike the prototype, the distributor head of the seeder located on the bearing beam 5 remains stationary in a horizontal position relative to the ground and the bearing beam and the seeds in it do not roll forward.

Claims (2)

1. A seeder containing a central frame, on both sides of which are bearing and coulter traverses, brackets, hydraulic cylinders, a chassis, characterized in that the bearing travers are hinged to the central frame; latches, additional brackets and hydraulic cylinders are introduced, some brackets are designed for fastening the coulter traverse to the bearing traverse, other brackets are designed for fastening telescopic hydraulic cylinders; on the carrier and coulter traverses, the first brackets are installed, made of components pivotally connected to each other, one part of the first bracket is mounted on the carrier traverse with the ability to move along it, and the second part of the first bracket is fixed on the coulter traverse motionless, with such first brackets on the traverse several pairs are installed, between the pair of first brackets on the supporting beam there is a second movably fixed bracket made with holes in the ears for hinging one of the ends of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and on the coulter cross between the second components of the pair of first brackets there is a third bracket made with ears and holes for hinging the other end of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder and fixedly mounted on the coulter traverse, while both parts of the first brackets contain holes that are compatible when the clips are installed in them; introduced fourth brackets designed for hinging in them hydraulic cylinders located on both sides of the Central frame, fixed motionless on the Central frame and on the chassis, which are pivotally fixed to the Central frame; introduced fifth brackets designed for hinging in them hydraulic cylinders located on both sides of the central frame along the supporting beam, are fixedly mounted to the central frame and to the bearing beam. 2. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the bearing yokes are pivotally fixed to the central frame using axial clamps.

Images