RU2721918C1 - Roman candle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: blasting operations.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to pyrotechnic means for entertainment and festive events with carrying out fireworks, as well as to means for use in various fields of activity for signalling and sound notification. Roman candle is a cardboard outer tube, having a strong blind from below, along the entire length of the tube, a wick extends from the outside to the outside, into the tube is alternately pressed, separated by expelling charges, isolated sections, in which there are bottom-up: plug, ignition-explosive composition with pyrotechnic element, safety wad. Each pyrotechnic element has a certain chemical composition depending on the created visual fireworks effect. Section is insulated by height with inner tube, from below - by clay plug with pyrotechnic retarder, from above - by safety wad.

EFFECT: roman candle is reliable and safe.

3 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to pyrotechnic means for entertainment and festive events with the holding of fireworks, as well as to means for use in various fields of activity for signaling and sound notification.

State of the art

Pyrotechnics is a branch of technology related to the production and use of fire compositions and the items equipped with them.

Modern pyrotechnics is part of applied chemistry and deals with the preparation and study of various chemicals and compositions that form colored lights, fumes and other light and sound effects during combustion. Such compositions of chemicals (usually metallized, i.e. containing along with organic and inorganic components one or more powders of metals and alloys) are called pyrotechnic compositions. From pyrotechnic compositions pyrotechnic elements are made in the form of balls, cubes, cylinders, designed to create spectacular effects. Adaptations and devices of a certain design, the effect of which is achieved by burning pyrotechnic compositions, are called pyrotechnic products.

Pyrotechnic products are divided into two main groups: military pyrotechnic products and civilian products. Among the latter, an important role is played by pyrotechnic products of an entertaining nature or fireworks. Fireworks (German: Feuerwerk, from Feuor - fire and Werk - business, work) - a type of pyrotechnic products that create visual fireworks or sound effects when burning, used in the conduct of fireworks entertainment events. The word "fireworks" is used both for the name of the spectacle itself and for the designation of products that create this spectacle.

One of the types of pyrotechnic products are Roman candles. Roman candle is a multi-charged pyrotechnic product used for entertainment purposes. Roman candle is a cardboard tube. The bottom of the tube has a durable plug made of clay or cement. The wick goes out along the entire length of the tube. They are pressed into the tube alternately (from bottom to top): expelling charge (gunpowder, non-lift), pyrotechnic element (star, comet, explosive shell with salute), safety wad (cardboard disk, pressed sawdust). Then again: charge, shell, wad.

When the wick ignites, it burns from top to bottom. The force of the wick flame first passes by a wad, past a projectile and reaches gunpowder. A shot occurs, the projectile can ignite both from the flame of a shot (explosive with a salute), and in advance, from a burning wick (asterisk, comet). Following the safety wad does not allow the flame of a shot to penetrate deep into the Roman candles and ignite the following charges.

For example, in the patent for utility model RU 46574 U1 (the patent holder is LLC Alfa Law Company), the date of publication of the patent on July 10, 2005, a firework is described that contains charges connected to each other, while it contains low-level charges, average charges level and / or charges of a high level, while the charges of an average level and / or charges of a high level are connected with the possibility of actuation with deceleration, after the charges of the lower level are triggered, while all charges are interconnected by a fireproof cord, and the charges of the average level are Roman candles.

In the foreign publication GB 555650 Al (HARRY AARON COOK), publication date 09/01/1943, describes a device of the type "Roman candle" containing one or more units with colored stars, flashes or star units with a parachute, contains a waterproof tube container for units and an impact igniter, thrower, and retainer for projecting units in a row. In the form shown, the container tube, which may be of metal, plastic, or waterproof roll paper, is sealed at one end with a non-removable cap, and at the other end, with an end piece carrying a shock igniter. The tube is covered with a heat-insulating layer of paper, enclosed in an outer sheath of tin. The end portion is sealed around the end of the shirt with a strip of waterproof adhesive tape. The end part and the release element for the drummer are protected by a screw cap. Charges are placed under the star-shaped blocks and are associated with delaying charges and refueling charge.

In patent document RU 36140 U1 (patent holder - Federal Research and Production Center "Research Institute of Applied Chemistry"), patent publication date 02/27/2004, which is taken as the closest analogue, describes a Roman candle containing a flame-retardant cord and a housing in which several elements are consistently placed, consisting of gunpowder, a star made of pyrotechnic fireworks and an intermediate composition, while the intermediate composition is inert and the flame-retardant cord is placed along the generatrix of the housing.

A disadvantage of the well-known Roman candle is the lack of safety and reliability, as well as the limited number of visual effects created by the Roman candle.

The task to which the invention is directed is the creation of a Roman candle, which is reliable and safer than known analogues. Another objective is to expand the arsenal of pyrotechnic products and increase the number of visual effects created by the Roman candle.

List of drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the construction of a Roman candle according to the invention. Disclosure of invention

The technical result of the invention is to increase the reliability and safety of the Roman candle when used, increase the number of visual effects created by the Roman candle and expand the arsenal of pyrotechnic products.

To achieve a technical result, a Roman candle is proposed, which is a cardboard tube with a durable plug made of clay, wood, plastic plugs or cement at the bottom, a wick running along the entire length of the tube extending from the top to the outside, and insulated sections in which are located at the bottom are alternately pressed into the tube up: expelling charge, clay plug with moderator, ignition-explosive composition with a pyrotechnic element (star, comet, explosive shell with salute), safety wad (cardboard disk or pressed sawdust), and then again: expelling charge, clay plug with moderator, ignition-explosive composition with a pyrotechnic element, a safety wad, while the wick passes through the safety wad, and the moderator has contact with the ignition-explosive composition, each pyrotechnic element having a certain chemical composition depending on the visual effect it creates.

The Roman candle works as follows. When the wick ignites, it burns from top to bottom. The force of the wick flame first passes by a safety wad, past a projectile and reaches an ignition-explosive composition (for example, gunpowder). A shot occurs, the projectile can ignite both from the flame of a shot (explosive with a salute), and in advance, from a burning wick (asterisk, comet). Following the safety wad, the flame of the shot does not penetrate deep into the Roman candle and ignite the next bouncing charges. Delay of shots is organized only by a burning wick passing through the safety wad. In the process of firing at a height of several tens of meters, fireballs or simply stars fly out. The inner diameter of the Roman candle is 0.3; 0.5; 0.6; 0.7; 0.8; 1.0; 1.1; 1.2, 1.25; 1.5; 1.75; 2.0; 2.5; 3.0 inches, the number of shots is usually 5 or 8, but in principle the number of shots can be different, and is not limited to any specific values, the length of the tube is from 45 cm to 150 cm.

A variant of a plurality of Roman candles assembled in a group may also be provided. To do this, the wicks must be joined together so that this bunch fired at the same time.

There is only one drawback of the Roman candle - to ignite the wick, you need an open flame, that is, a lighter or matches.

When using Roman candles, certain precautions must be observed:

- Roman candles must be installed in a strictly vertical position, in a pre-selected and prepared place,

- the candle is fixed on a metal or wooden peg. The wick must face up

- after setting the wick on fire, it is necessary to move to a safe distance (30 meters is enough).

- You can light a candle only outdoors, away from buildings, power wires and trees.

- it is necessary to exclude the appearance of unauthorized persons and animals at the launch site.

- if the device of dubious quality has not worked, you can approach it no earlier than 10 minutes. In compliance with safety measures, make sure the Roman candle is defective and dispose of according to instructions.

- in no case run, holding in your hands, from the windows and balconies of houses. It is also strictly forbidden to throw a Roman candle into the fire.

In the manufacture of Roman candles use the following chemicals:

Potassium perchlorate (potassium perchlorate, Cadelin, PCC, KSYu4). Potassium perchlorate in pyrotechnics is used in signal, sound, igniter compositions, colored stars and many other compounds. It is less dangerous than potassium chlorate, the compositions on it have higher flash points and a lower burning rate than chlorate. Partially replaced potassium chlorate in signal and firework compositions. By itself, it practically does not affect the color of the flame.

To improve the combustion properties of gunpowder, sulfur is used. Sulfur has a very special property. At 111 ° C, the heat turns into a light yellow liquid, reminiscent of honey or molasses in color and density. At 150 ° C, it begins to thicken and blush more and more, so that, taking first a chestnut and then pomegranate color, at 250 ° C it reaches such a state of density that it no longer flows out of the vessel, even if it is turned upside down. With a further increase, the thick mass begins to solidify again, at 450 ° С boiling occurs, and then sulfur turns into brown vapors, in which many metals (and, by the way, copper), forming sulfur compounds, burn with a bright flame.

Another important substance is aluminum. In pyrotechnics, it is used as fuel, mainly in lighting and incendiary compositions. When burning aluminum powder, sparking occurs. Sometimes aluminum is added in small amounts (up to 5%) in the composition of colored lights to increase brightness. Often aluminum is used as an alloy with magnesium.

Carbon in pyrotechnics is used as fuel, which reduces the ignition temperature of pyrotechnic compositions. Large particles of coal produce yellow sparks that are used in sparking compounds.

In the preparation of pyrotechnic compositions, natural and artificial resins are widely used. Of the natural resins, rosin, shellac, gum arabic, natural rubber, mastic, etc. are used. Of artificial resins, iditol (novolak), synthetic camphor, etc. are used. Some of the resins, such as rosin, burn much more slowly than the main mixtures, and sometimes added to formulations to slow the combustion process.

Shellac is a natural resin that forms on some varieties of trees in the East Indies from the injection of a special varnish worm insect. From branches in places of these punctures the resinous, quickly hardening juice flows. Depending on the processing of the resin, different varieties of shellac can be obtained in color from brown to lemon. The best grade is light yellow (lemon) shellac in the form of thin plates. In pyrotechnics, gum (or its aqueous solution) is used quite often.

Iditol is a resin obtained synthetically in the reaction between phenol and formaldehyde in the presence of hydrochloric acid, which contributes to the reaction (catalyst). The resulting resin is called iditol, or novolak; its melting point is about 85 °; it dissolves in alcohol, acetone, alkalis and some other organic solvents; does not dissolve in water. The ground iditol has the appearance of a light yellow powder. Iditol significantly slows down combustion than some other resins. Mixtures of iditol with potassium nitrate serve as flammable-explosive compositions.

The following substances can be used to create various color effects in the explosion of firecrackers.

 Various combinations of chemicals and compositions allow you to create a variety of visual and sound effects when using a Roman candle. The implementation of the invention

Samples of the Roman candle according to the invention were prepared and its performance was experimentally tested.

The made Roman candle is eight-bit and contains an outer tube 1, an inner tube 2, a cardboard disk 3, a flammable-explosive composition 4, a clay plug 5, red stars 6, a moderator 7, a cardboard disk 9, a discharge charge 10, an ignition wick 11, wood powder 12 (pressed sawdust), gold stars 13, the effect of “bright flashes” flicker 14, blue stars 15, clay plug 16 without a moderator, the effect of “short rain” 17 (see Fig. 1).

Some characteristics of the made Roman candle are presented in table 1 below.

A made Roman candle is more reliable and safe to use due to improved insulation of individual sections and the presence of a moderator.

Claims (3)

1. The Roman candle, which is a cardboard outer tube with a strong plug from the bottom, the wick extends along the entire length of the tube, coming out from above to the outside, alternately pressed into the tube, separated by blow charges, insulated sections in which are located from bottom to top: plug, ignition-bursting a composition with a pyrotechnic element, a safety wad, each pyrotechnic element has a certain chemical composition depending on the visual firework effect it creates, characterized in that the section is insulated in height by the inner tube, on the bottom is a clay plug with a pyrotechnic moderator, on top is a safety wad. 2. The Roman candle according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyrotechnic element of the ignition-explosive composition is made in the form of a star, comet or explosive shell with a salute. 3. Roman candle according to claim 1, characterized in that the safety wad is made in the form of a cardboard disk or pressed sawdust.

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