RU2714896C1 - Firewall wick - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: pyrotechnics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to pyrotechnics for entertainment and festive events, as well as to means for use in various fields of activity for signaling and sound notification. Wound firework is made in the form of cartridge filled with layers of material, including pyrotechnic. Sleeve is made of heavy paper or cardboard, a density greater than 80 g/m³ _, the layers are arranged from top to bottom in the following order: a delay layer of powder, a layer of clay, a layer of explosive powder, a layer of clay. Wick passes inside shell through layer of delay powder and layer of clay and contacts with layer of explosive powder, delay powder and explosive powder contain potassium perchlorate and target additives. Target additive used is strontium carbonate, sulfur and carbon, and explosive powder contains sulfur and aluminum.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to intensify sound effect at explosion of firecrackers, at improvement of its safety.

1 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to pyrotechnic means for entertainment and festive events, as well as to means for use in various fields of activity for signaling and sound notification.

State of the art

Pyrotechnics is a branch of technology related to the production and use of firing compositions and products equipped with them.

Modern pyrotechnics is part of applied chemistry and deals with the preparation and study of various chemicals and compounds that form colored lights, fumes and other light and sound effects during combustion. Such compositions from chemicals (usually metallized, i.e. containing along with organic and inorganic components one or more powders of metals and alloys) are called pyrotechnic compositions. Pyrotechnic compositions are used to make pyrotechnic elements in the form of balls, cubes, cylinders, designed to create spectacular effects. Devices and devices of a certain design, the effect of which is achieved by burning pyrotechnic compositions, are called pyrotechnic products.

Pyrotechnic products are divided into two main groups: military pyrotechnic products and civilian products. Among the latter, an important role is played by pyrotechnic products of an entertaining nature or fireworks. Fireworks (German: Feuerwerk, from Feuor - fire and Werk - business, work) - a type of pyrotechnic products that create visual or sound effects during combustion used in the conduct of fireworks entertainment events. The word "fireworks" is used both for the name of the spectacle itself and for the designation of products that create this spectacle.

One of the types of pyrotechnic products are firecrackers. A firecracker is generally a paper or cardboard sleeve filled with a pyrotechnic composition. According to the method of ignition, firecrackers are wick and grater. First, the fire-leading substance (most often based on phosphorus) or a wick is ignited, then the fire is transferred to black powder with a moderator, and after about five seconds the flame reaches a bursting charge (usually a mixture of powdered magnesium and potassium perchlorate), which when burned creates high pressure, eventually tearing the shell, resulting in a loud clap. In wick firecrackers, as the name implies, the wick is ignited, and the grater ones are ignited, like ordinary matches, with a special coating on the package or with a matchbox.

After ignition of the wick (or grater spread, depending on the type), the firecracker explodes with deafening cotton, which is its entertaining effect. From the ignition to the explosion, a short time passes (a few seconds), sufficient for the person using the firecracker to have time to throw it or to retire to a safe distance. Some firecrackers have additional effects: whistling, scattering sparks. Firecrackers have many shapes and varieties: triangles, beetles, garlics, popping balls, lemons, machine gun belts and more. Firecrackers have a variety of effects - most of them are loud popping with a small emission of flame, the presence of a sound effect: cod, whistle or popping, as well as additional effects in the form of glow, rotation, sparks, smoke. Firecrackers made of firecrackers, giving a series of numerous explosions, can be used.

 Firecrackers are also used as means for signaling in various fields of activity. Firecrackers are widely used, for example, in the railway industry.

For example, in the patent for utility model RU 71619 U1 (the patent holder is the Krasnozavodsk Chemical Plant Federal State Unitary Enterprise), date of publication of the patent March 20, 2008, a railway signal firecracker is described, consisting of a case with a powder charge and a plate with anvils on which are worn capsule. In order to increase the reliability of operation in the design of the ignition unit, the anvil has been replaced by a formed socket for igniter capsules. The igniter capsule containing the anvil is rigidly pressed into the formed socket, due to the redistribution of pressure from the anvil to the igniter capsule, the operation reliability is significantly increased. The use of a plate with a formed socket allows the use of a number of similar ignition caps KV-21, KV-22 and others. Thanks to this embodiment, in modern development it excludes the use of mercury-containing, rusting compounds. As a powder charge, powder DRP-1, DRP-2 is used. The design of the ignition unit allows you to increase the reliability of firecrackers and significantly reduces the complexity of its manufacture.

In foreign patent PL 162057 B1 (patent holder - ZAKLADY TWORZYW SZTUCZNYCH PRO), patent publication date 08/31/1993, a cylinder-shaped firecart cartridge is made of synthetic material, filled with pyrotechnic composition and covered with a felt disk and a hard stopper that are protected from falling out and having a moderator in the lower hole. The retarder consists of black powder in a pure or desensitized form, pressed into the lower hole under high pressure.

In patent document RU 99122662 A1, (the applicant is Bazarov A.A. et al.), The publication date of the source is August 27, 2001, which is taken as the closest analogue, a firecracker is described containing a hollow cylindrical sleeve of height H with one end plugged and placed in her pyrotechnic elements of the sound effect, slow burning and ignition. The sleeve is made of non-shatter plastic material, for example, high-pressure polyethylene and consisting of two coaxially articulated chambers of a cylindrical sound effect chamber and delayed combustion with an outer diameter D1 and an ignition chamber with an outer diameter D2, the working part of which has the shape of a hollow straight truncated cone with a wall inclination of 60 70 ° relative to the plane of its base and a height of 0.005-0.1 N, articulated with a hollow cylinder, the inner diameter of which is equal to the outer diameter of the sound effect chamber and is slower Nogo combustion D1 and is coupled to it by press fit. Moreover, the free end of the cylinder of the ignition chamber is equipped with an element of transverse orientation, the plane of which is perpendicular to the axis of the sleeve and is located at the center of the longitudinal gravity of the equipped firecrackers with a deviation of no more than 3-5% of the total height of the firecrackers, moreover, the wall of the chamber of the sound effect and delayed combustion is made with an element longitudinal weakening, which after assembly of the sleeve is placed on the same side of the sleeve as the transverse orientation element.

A disadvantage of the known firecrackers is the complexity of the design and lack of safety.

The objective of the invention is to create a firecracker, the design of which is not complicated, the explosion of a firecracker is accompanied by a louder sound effect and the firecracker is safer. Another objective is to expand the arsenal of pyrotechnic products.

 List of drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional construction of a firecracker: delayed gunpowder layer 1, clay layers 2, wick 3, explosive powder layer 4.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical result of the proposed invention is the creation of firecrackers, the design of which is not complicated, the explosion of such firecrackers is accompanied by a louder sound effect and the firecracker is safer.

To achieve a technical result, a wick firecracker made in the form of a sleeve filled with layers of material including pyrotechnic is proposed. The sleeve is made of thick paper or cardboard, with a density of more than 80 g / m ³ . Inside the sleeve, sequentially from top to bottom are optionally arranged in the following order: delay powder layer, clay layer, explosive powder layer, clay layer. The wick passes into the liner through a layer of delay gunpowder and a clay layer and is in contact with a layer of explosive gunpowder, delay gunpowder and explosive gunpowder contain potassium perchlorate and target additives.

Delay gunpowder and explosive gunpowder contain potassium perchlorate and targeted additives.

Moreover, the composition of the delayed powder also includes strontium carbonate, sulfur and carbon, and the composition of the explosive powder includes sulfur and aluminum.

Petard works as follows. First, the substance or the wick leading to the fire is ignited, then the fire is transferred to the black powder with a moderator (delay powder layer), and after about five seconds the flame passes through the wick through the clay layer to the layer of explosive powder (explosive charge), which creates high pressure, eventually tearing the shell, resulting in a loud clap. The stronger the shell of the firecracker, the stronger (louder) the rupture of the firecracker. But the strength of the gap should be greater than the containment force of the shell. Therefore, plugs are made on both sides of the firecracker to create more pressure when triggered (rupture) and achieve a greater sound effect. Firecrackers can also vary in caliber (size).

The layer of delay gunpowder does not allow the wick to die out and at the same time allows to restrain the rapid spread of the flame, which ensures a safer use of firecrackers.

The wick firecracker of a classical design is ignited by a wick (stapin). A wicker firecracker may not have a moderator, since its function is performed by Stalin. The operating time of the moderator (5-10 seconds) allows you to throw the firecracker to a safe distance.

A wick firecracker uses a classic wick to launch. The advantage of wick firecrackers is that it is safer. There is only one drawback - to ignite the wick you need an open flame, that is, a lighter or matches.

Paper weight is a characteristic of paper that is expressed in grams per square meter (g / m2). Roughly speaking, the density of the paper is directly proportional to the "stiffness" or "thickness" of the paper. Those. the higher the density, the thicker and harder the paper.

The density of 40-70 g / m ² have the so-called "newsprint" papers, which are used for printing inexpensive forms, handouts, and, in fact, newspapers. Such paper is not suitable for the manufacture of firecrackers. Classical office paper for documents has a density of about 80 g / m ² and, in principle, can be used, but it is still advisable to use thicker paper or cardboard, i.e. paper with a density value of more than 80 g / m2. The shell may also consist of several layers of less thick paper.

In the manufacture of firecrackers, the following substances are used:

Potassium perchlorate (potassium perchlorate, Cadelin, PCC, KSYu4). Potassium perchlorate in pyrotechnics is used in signal, sound, igniter compositions, colored stars and many other compounds. It is less dangerous than potassium chlorate, the compositions on it have higher ignition temperatures and a lower burning rate than chlorate. Partially replaced potassium chlorate in signal and firework compositions. By itself, it practically does not affect the color of the flame.

To improve the combustion properties of gunpowder, sulfur is used. Sulfur has a very special property. At 111 ° C, the heat turns into a light yellow liquid, reminiscent of honey or molasses in color and density. At 150 ° C, it begins to thicken and blush more and more, so that, taking first a chestnut and then a garnet color, at 250 ° C it reaches such a state of density that it no longer flows out of the vessel, even if it is turned upside down. With a further increase, the thick mass begins to solidify again, at 450 ° С boiling occurs, and then sulfur turns into brown vapors, in which many metals (and, by the way, copper), forming sulfur compounds, burn with a bright flame.

Another important substance is aluminum. In pyrotechnics, it is used as fuel, mainly in lighting and incendiary compositions. When burning aluminum powder, sparking occurs. Sometimes aluminum is added in small amounts (up to 5%) in the composition of colored lights to increase brightness. Often aluminum is used as an alloy with magnesium.

Carbon, for example carbon, in pyrotechnics is used as fuel, which reduces the ignition temperature of pyrotechnic compositions. Large particles of coal produce yellow sparks, which are used in sparking compounds.

The following substances can be used to create color effects in the explosion of firecrackers.

The firecracker contains a layer of gunpowder delay 1, layers of clay 2, wick 3, a layer of explosive powder 4, enclosed in a paper or cardboard cylinder (see Fig. 1).

First, wick 3 is ignited, then the flame is transmitted to delay powder layer 1, while the flame passes through layer 1, the user must throw the firecracker at a safe distance. After about five seconds, the flame through the wick 3 through the clay layer 2 reaches the layer of explosive powder 4, which during combustion creates high pressure due to the presence of dense clay corks 2 and a dense paper or cardboard sleeve on both sides of the layer of explosive powder, which allow raising the pressure when burning to large values, as a result of tearing the shell, resulting in a loud clap and the accompanying visual effects in the case of using special substances.

The implementation of the invention

The firecracker samples of the invention were prepared and its performance was experimentally tested.

The firecracker has a size of 80 × 20 mm.

The outer diameter of the firecracker is about 20 mm, the inner about 15 mm.

The weight of the powder in the charge sample is 1.73 g.

The weight of incendiary powder in the charge sample is 0.22 g, delayed powder is 0.52 g, and explosive powder is 0.99 g.

The chemical composition of firecrackers is shown in table 1:

The resulting firecracker is easy to manufacture and use, it is safe to handle and workable, and it also extends the arsenal of pyrotechnic tools to create sound effects and can be used when holding firework entertainment events or for signaling and creating sound and light effects in various fields of activity.

Firecracker rupture is louder than that of known analogues.

Claims (2)

1. Wick firecracker is made in the form of a sleeve filled with layers of material, including pyrotechnic, characterized in that the sleeve is made of thick paper or cardboard, with a density of more than 80 g / m ³ , the layers are arranged from top to bottom in the following order: delayed powder layer, the clay layer, the explosive powder layer, the clay layer, while the wick passes into the liner through the delay powder layer and the clay layer and contacts the explosive powder layer, the delay powder and explosive powder contain potassium perchlorate and target additives. 2. Firecracker according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition of the delayed powder includes strontium carbonate, sulfur and carbon as the target additive, and sulfur and aluminum are the composition of the explosive powder.

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