RU2719800C1 - Method for making hollow balls from natural stone (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to processing natural stone, specifically to methods of making hollow balls of natural stone, particularly jasper. Method of making hollow balls from natural stone involves cutting a workpiece from a parallelepiped-shaped stone and subsequent processing. Thus, by three disclosed methods hollow balls of various diameters can be made, increasing and reducing the height, thickness of washers, or conic plates and segments, and their number, as well as it is possible to change quantity of balls from one parallelepiped, with diameter from 20 mm to diameter such as will allow technical possibility of equipment in modern industry. Parallelepiped is cut so that sawing is performed from elongated side on even number of plates from 6 to 50 pieces depending on diameter and thickness of wall and number of balls, then produced plates are stacked in order that they were before sawing, numbering and marking on each plate top and bottom, obtained plates are divided into two piles, upper plates – exactly half of the plate – are put into a separate pile, turning, from two stacks, the plates are taken in pairs, turned over, a center is found and the same marking is applied for cutting in the form of corresponding diameters and inclination angles, then plates are laid in two piles, as they were before marking, to side of plates, where there is no marking is glued in center bolt at angle of 90° for screwing plates to angular rotary device (ARD), in turn, from each stack, plates are taken, screwed to ARD, angle of inclination is set corresponding to marking, hydraulic cutter nozzle is supplied according to marking, as a result of cutting washers are obtained, obtained washers are marked and laid into cells, first half-ball is assembled by natural pattern, by turning washers along horizontal, step-by-step from each cell takes upper plate and washers, hemispheres are adjusted and glued, connection of hemispheres in pairs of each diameter is ground, selected according to color in accordance with natural pattern and glued, obtained balls are ground and polished. Also disclosed are a second version of the method of making hollow balls of natural stone and a version of making hollow balls of natural stone with diameter of more than 120 mm from remaining parts of the conical plates.

EFFECT: technical result of claimed invention is to increase efficiency of natural stone processing method due to rational use of natural stone by making several hollow balls from one piece of workpiece with preservation of natural pattern on finished products.

3 cl, 41 dwg

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention relates to the field of processing natural stone, and in particular to methods for manufacturing hollow balls from natural stone, in particular from jasper. BACKGROUND

The prior art method for the manufacture of spherical beads (Patent RU 2031788 C1, publ. 03/27/1995). According to the method, a workpiece made of semi-precious stone is strung onto a rigid axis of rotation for manufacturing a spherical bead so that its outer surface is in contact with the conveyor belt, which is carried out using consoles having the ability to change the distance to the conveyor belt. When the conveyor is turned on, the semi-finished stone workpiece strung on the axis of rotation begins to rotate. The cutting head in the form of a spherically concave cavity made of artificial diamond, mounted in the chuck of the drilling machine, when the machine is turned on, starts to rotate and is brought to the workpiece using the sliding panel of the machine. When the rotating cutting head is brought to the axis of rotation of the workpiece, a spherical bead is made of natural stone (jasper, rhodonite, etc.). As a result, beads of the correct spherical surface are made.

The disadvantages of this technical solution is:

- the irrational use of natural stone in the manufacture of products from it while preserving the natural pattern.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is a method of manufacturing spheres from single crystals of ferrite (Copyright certificate SU 627984 A1, publ. 15.10.1978). The method includes cutting single crystals into preforms and their subsequent processing by rolling in cut preforms on an abrasive tool. The workpiece is cut in the form of parallelepipeds with an aspect ratio of (1.8-2): 1: 1. Crystal cutting is carried out on a machine with a diamond disk. The workpieces are run in as follows: they are peeled off, after the workpieces are peeled off, they are ground using an air jet or machining with a cup wheel, then the blanks are polished by machining on a cup grinding wheel.

The disadvantages of this technical solution is:

- the irrational use of natural stone in the manufacture of products from it while preserving the natural pattern.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to create a method for manufacturing natural stone balls - jasper with the maximum preservation of the natural pattern in the resulting product with a minimum consumption of raw materials.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the efficiency of the method of processing natural stone due to the rational use of natural stone by making several hollow balls of different diameters from one piece of the workpiece while preserving the natural pattern on the finished products.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that according to the first embodiment, the method of manufacturing hollow balls made of natural stone involves cutting a billet of stone in the shape of a parallelepiped and subsequent processing, while the parallelepiped is cut so that the cut is made from the elongated side into an even number of plates from 6 to 50 pieces per depending on the diameter and wall thickness and the number of balls, then the resulting plates are stacked in the same order as they were before sawing, numbered and marked on each plate top and bottom, Nominal plates are divided into two stacks, the upper half of the plates is placed in a separate stack, turning over, two plates are taken in pairs, turned over, they are found in the center and the same marking is applied for cutting in the form of the corresponding diameters and tilt angles, then the plates are laid out in two stacks, as they are were to the marking, to the side of the plates where there is no marking, glue the bolt at the angle of 90 ° in the center to screw the plates to an angular rotary device (UPU), cut each plate by screwing each to the UPU, set the angle of inclination corresponding to the marking, the cutter nozzle is brought in according to the marking, the washers are obtained as a result of the cutting, the obtained washers are marked and laid out in the cells, the first hemisphere is assembled according to the natural pattern, by turning the washers horizontally, step by step, the top plate and washers are taken from each cell, adjusted and glue the hemispheres, grind the connection of the hemispheres in pairs of each diameter, select the color in accordance with the natural pattern and glue, the resulting balls are ground and polished.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that according to the second embodiment, the method of manufacturing hollow balls made of natural stone involves cutting a billet of stone in the form of a parallelepiped and subsequent processing, while 360 degrees marking is applied to the largest side of the billet of stone, then to a horizontal rotary dividing area devices (GPDU) glue the plywood strictly in the center and glue the plywood to the smallest side of the stone, fasten together, make the first cut on d and equal parallelepipeds, they turn the GPA and cut into conical plates proportional in size and degree, if 6 plates, then 60 degrees, if 8 plates, then 45 degrees, if 10 plates, then 36 degrees, if 12 plates, then - 30 degrees, after sawing, each conical plate is numbered, marked - top, bottom, then two conical plates are installed on a horizontal conductor with a metal grill, segments are cut from conical plates with a hydraulic cutter, number, mark the top, bottom, then each set segments warehouses They put in the same sequence in their cell, take a segment of the same diameter from each cell, put them in a circle by numbers with labels to the middle of the circle, glue the segments in pairs, then half-ball and put in their own cell, on the faceplate, pair the half-balls are ground at the joints and glued into finished balls with a diameter of up to 120 mm.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that according to the third embodiment, the method of manufacturing hollow balls made of natural stone involves cutting a billet of stone in the shape of a parallelepiped and subsequent processing, while on the largest side of the billet of stone using a stencil similar to the size of the side of the parallelepiped with divisions of 30 degrees marking, then on the site of the horizontal rotary dividing device (GPDU) plywood is glued strictly in the center, to the workpiece made of stone to the smallest side of the adhesive They make plywood, make the first cut into two parallelepipeds, rotate the GPDU by 30 degrees and make cuts, get conical plates at 30 degrees, stage-by-stage conical plates in the amount of 12 pcs., with cut sectors up to - 120 mm in diameter, then set conical plates to a vertical conductor made in the form of vertical walls installed at an angle of 30 degrees, then cut at a right angle relative to the middle of the conical plate and the conductor to obtain two conical plates of 15 g each number of cones, after sawing, number each conical plate, mark - top, bottom, and number - the left part of the plate under number 1, and the right under number 2, also saw and number the remaining 11 conical plates and as a result get 24 numbered conical plates, which are laid out in numbered from 1 to 24 cells, then two conical plates are installed on a horizontal 15-degree conductor with a metal grid, segments are cut on a hydraulic cutter from conical plates, number, mark the top, bottom, then each comp The segments project is folded in the same sequence into their cell, from each cell, from 1 to 24 they take a segment of the same diameter, put them in a circle according to numbers 1 to 24 marks to the middle of the circle, in pairs 1 and 2, 3 and 4 ... 23 and 24 , glue the segments into hemispheres and put them in their own cell; on the faceplate, pair the hemispheres are ground at the joints and glued into finished balls with a diameter of more than 120 mm.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be more clear from the description, which is not restrictive and given with reference to the accompanying drawings, which depict:

FIG. 1 - A blank of jade in the form of a parallelepiped in the size of 240 × 240 × 268.6 mm;

FIG. 2 - A cube of jasper with a size of 240 × 240 × 268.6 mm, sawn into 16 plates of 15 mm each;

FIG. 3 - Layout of plates into two piles from 1-8 and from 9-16;

FIG. 4 - Plates 8 and 9 with the indication of “top” and “bottom” with marked markings;

FIG. 5 - Table marking plates of stone for the subsequent manufacture of washers for balls;

FIG. 6 - Table marking the final plates from the center;

FIG. 7 - Plates laid out in two piles, as they were before the marking;

FIG. 8 - Plywood pallet with 10 cells numbering from left to right;

FIG. 9 - A plate with a bolt with an enlarged cap glued strictly in the center of the plate.

FIG. 10 - Rotary device with a plate;

FIG. 10.1 - The first washer 5 L;

FIG. 10.2 - Example of cutting the 7th plate.

FIG. 11 - A box with washers in cells. Unfolding ready washers in cells;

FIG. 12 - Assembled hemisphere (hemisphere) with marking;

FIG. 13 - Gluing washers into hemispheres;

FIG. 14 - gluing washers into balls;

FIG. 15 - Ready-made balls of jasper;

FIG. 16 - Preparation of stone with dimensions of 240 × 240 × 225 with marking;

FIG. 17 - Horizontal rotary dividing device (GPDU) with a marking of 360 degrees, with fixation every 15 degrees.

FIG. 18 - Platform horizontal rotary dividing device (GPDU) with glued moisture-proof plywood strictly in the center and a table of a stone-cutting machine with an installed GPU, strictly parallel to the saw blade from 0 to 180 degrees;

FIG. 19-21 - Stages of preparation;

FIG. 22 - Two parallelepipeds, 225 mm high, 240 mm long, 118.9 mm wide, glued to plywood, and mounted on a GPU, with cuts, and obtained conical plates 225 mm high at 30 degrees;

FIG. 23 - Numbered conical plates;

FIG. 24 - Box with 12 cells;

FIG. 25 - Conductor, with which conical plates are cut into segments with a marking for cutting in the program using a hydraulic cutter;

FIG. 26 - Fixed conical plate to the conductor;

FIG. 26A - Drawing of the conductor;

FIG. 26B - 2 conical stone plates in the conductor;

FIG. 26B - Conical stone plates in the conductor;

FIG. 26G - Side view of the segments after the cut;

FIG. 27 - Cut conical plates into segments;

FIG. 27A - View of the segments from the "back";

FIG. 27B - A box with a set of segments stacked in its own cell;

FIG. 28 - Assembling segments into balls;

FIG. 29 - A tray for folding hemispheres into 6 balls;

FIG. 30 - Clamp for fixing gluing hemispheres into balls with two plastic gaskets;

FIG. 31 - Ready-made balls of jasper;

FIG. 32 - Vertical conductor with 30 degrees for the manufacture of balls over 120 mm;

FIG. 33 - Conical plate in the conductor;

FIG. 34 and 34A - Sawed conical plate with 30 degrees into two plates of 15 degrees;

FIG. 35 - Box with cells for conical plates;

FIG. 36 - Conductor with conical plates;

FIG. 37 - Segments for balls with a diameter in mm: 140, 160, 180, 200, 220;

FIG. 38 and 38A - Phased assembly of segments into hemispheres;

FIG. 39 - Assembly of balls with a diameter in mm: 140, 160, 180, 200, 220;

FIG. 40 - Processed balls the first and second method with a diameter in mm: 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 220.

FIG. 41 - Conical plate with a cut of 60 mm.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

For the manufacture of hollow balls made of natural stone according to the first method, the workpieces are cut from stone in the form of a parallelepiped with a size of 240 × 240 × 268.6 mm (see Fig. 1). Cut is made from the elongated side - 268.6 mm, with a cut thickness of 2.2 mm on 16 plates. The thickness is 15 mm, then the resulting plates are stacked in the order they were before sawing, numbered from the end and marked on each plate top and bottom (see Fig. 2). We divide 16 plates into two piles. Take the top 1 to 8 plate and put it in a separate pile, turning over. We do not turn the second stack from 9 to 16, this is done so that when cutting from the middle two plates 8 and 9, the diameter decreases, so that during assembly a ball forms and the natural stone pattern matches (see Fig. 3).

From two stacks, take plates in pairs 8 and 9, turn them over, find the center, apply the same marking for the cut (see FIG. 4), according to the table in FIG. 5:

8-9 plate d - 238 mm, the angle of inclination 3 degrees. D - 208 mm, tilt angle of 4 degrees.

D - 178 mm, tilt angle of 5 degrees. D - 148 mm, tilt angle of 6 degrees. D - 118 mm, tilt angle of 7 degrees.

We take the following two plates 7 and 10, turn it over, mark it out with the same markup.

D - 234 mm, tilt angle of 10 degrees. D - 204 mm, the angle of inclination is 12 degrees. D - 172 mm, tilt angle of 14 degrees. D - 140 mm, tilt angle of 18 degrees. D - 108 mm, tilt angle of 22 degrees.

Turn over, mark the plates 6 and 11.

D - 226 mm, tilt angle of 18 degrees. D - 194 mm, tilt angle of 21 degrees. D - 160 mm, tilt angle of 24 degrees. D - 126 mm, tilt angle of 30 degrees. D - 88 mm, tilt angle of 40 degrees.

Turn it over, mark the plates 5 and 12. D-210 mm, the angle of inclination is 26 degrees.

D - 176 mm, tilt angle of 30 degrees. D - 140 mm, tilt angle 36 degrees. D - 98 mm, tilt angle of 45 degrees. For the fifth cut in the plate 5 and 12, d - 84 mm, we mark the cut for two times according to the table in FIG. 6.

For the first cut, the angle of inclination is 54 degrees, r is 20.5 mm, for the second cut, the angle of inclination is 63 degrees, r is 15.5 mm. Two cuts should be made so that the minimum has to handle the ball clean.

We turn it over, mark the plates 4 and 13. D-190 mm, the angle of inclination is 35 degrees. D - 152 mm, tilt angle of 40 degrees. D - 106 mm, tilt angle of 49 degrees. D - 94 mm, the inclination angle of the first cut 52 degrees, r - 26.7 mm, the second cut 73 degrees, r - 11.5 mm.

Turn it over, mark the plates 3 and 14. D - 162 mm, angle of inclination 43 degrees.

D - 114 mm, tilt angle of 52 degrees. D - 104 mm, for the first cut the angle of inclination is 57 degrees, r - 27.5 mm, the second cut 75 degrees, r - 12.7 mm.

Turn it over, mark the plates 2 and 15. D-122 mm, the angle of inclination is 55 degrees.

D - 114 mm, for the first cut the angle of inclination is 66 degrees, r - 25.5 mm, of the second cut the angle of inclination is 77 degrees, r - 12.5 mm.

Turn it over, mark the plates 1 and 16. D - 124 mm, for the first cut the angle of inclination is 67 degrees, r - 27 mm, for the second cut the angle of inclination is 79 degrees, r - 13.5 mm.

The plates are laid out in two piles, as they were before the marking, (see Fig. 7).

First we make a plywood pallet with 10 cells and number them from left to right (see Fig. 8).

On the side of the plates, where there is no marking, with a jig or stencil, glue an M10 bolt at each angle at a 90-degree angle exactly in the center with an enlarged cap (so that the glue holds the plate well on the cap when cutting on a hydraulic cutter) to screw the plates to the corner rotary device (UPA) (see Fig. 9).

The first mode is plate No. 8, we fasten it to the UPA (see Fig. 10).

We set the angle of inclination of 3 degrees, we bring the nozzle of the hydraulic cutter to the marking d - 238 mm. We are convinced that the waterjet jet will cut strictly marked markings, we make a cut through without moving the waterjet nozzle, we turn on the UPU of such a speed that the waterjet jet has time to cut through. After the first cut d - 238 mm we remove the cuttings in waste. We make the second cut, expose the UPA at an angle of inclination of 4 degrees. We bring the cutting nozzle to the marking d - 208 mm. Make a cut, get the first puck. We make a mark from the end of 5 L (see Fig. 10.1).

From the plate No. 8 we cut five washers, mark and place them in the cells as follows: the first washer, the outer diameter d is 238 mm, put in the fifth cell with the cone up (see Fig. 11).

After cutting at the hydraulic cutter, taking into account the angle of inclination, a washer D - 238 mm is obtained in the upper part of the cone, in the lower part of the washer D - 240 mm. The greater the angle of inclination, the larger the cone, we set the cutting nozzle along the upper radii.

For 1 washer, d is 238 mm, the angle of inclination is 3 degrees, the mark is 5 L, and the fifth cell.

For 2 washers, d is 208 mm, the angle of inclination is 4 degrees, the mark is 4 L, the fourth cell.

For 3 washers, d is 178 mm, the angle of inclination is 5 degrees, the mark is 3 L, the third cell.

For 4 washers, d is 148 mm, the angle of inclination is 6 degrees, the mark is 2 L, the second cell.

For 5 washers, d is 118 mm, the angle of inclination is 7 degrees, the mark is 1 L, the first cell.

We cut the ninth plate, like the eighth, in the same sequence, with the same angle of inclination, and with the same diameters, but just mark instead of the letter L, we place the letter P. The washers are mirrored from 6 to 10 cells. D - 238 mm 6 cell. D - 208 mm 7 cell. D - 178 mm 8 cell. D - 148 mm 9 cell. D - 118 mm 10 cell.

Next we cut plate No. 7 (see. Fig. No. 10.2 Example of cutting the 7th plate.)

For 1 washer d - 234 mm, angle of inclination 10 degrees, mark 5 L, fifth cell.

For 2 washers, d is 204 mm, the angle of inclination is 12 degrees, the mark is 4 L, the fourth cell.

For 3 washers, d is 172 mm, the angle of inclination is 14 degrees, the mark is 3 L, the third cell.

For 4 washers, d is 140 mm, the angle of inclination is 18 degrees, the mark is 2 L, the second cell.

For 5 washers, d is 108 mm, the angle of inclination is 22 degrees, the mark is 1 L, the first cell.

We cut the tenth plate, like the seventh, in the same sequence, with the same angle of inclination, and with the same diameters, but just mark instead of the letter L, we place the letter P. The washers are mirrored from 6 to 10 cells. D - 234 mm 6 cell. D - 204 mm 7 cell. D - 172 mm 8 cell. D - 140 mm 9 cell. D - 108 mm 10 cell.

Next we cut plate No. 6.

For 1 washer d - 226 mm, tilt angle of 18 degrees, mark 5 L, fifth cell.

For 2 washers d - 194 mm, tilt angle of 21 degrees, mark 4 L, fourth cell.

For 3 washers, d is 160 mm, the angle of inclination is 24 degrees, the mark is 3 L, the third cell.

For 4 washers, d is 126 mm, the angle of inclination is 30 degrees, the mark is 2 L, the second cell.

For 5 washers, d is 88 mm, the angle of inclination is 40 degrees, the mark is 1 L, the first cell.

We cut the eleventh plate, like the sixth, in the same sequence, with the same angle of inclination, and with the same diameters, but just mark instead of the letter L, we lay the letter P. The washers are mirrored from 6 to 10 cells. D - 226 mm 6 cell. D - 194 mm 7 cell. D - 160 mm 8 cell. D - 126 mm 9 cell. D - 88 mm 10 cell.

Next we cut plate No. 5.

For 1 washer d - 210 mm, angle of inclination 26 degrees, mark 5 L, fifth cell.

For 2 washers, d is 176 mm, the angle of inclination is 30 degrees, the mark is 4 L, the fourth cell.

For 3 washers d - 140 mm, angle of inclination 36 degrees, mark 3 L, third cell.

For 4 washers, d is 98 mm, the angle of inclination is 45 degrees, the mark is 2 L, the second cell.

We cut the next fifth cut twice. (We cut it twice so that the ball is more rounded and has to be cut less with a mill.)

According to the table in FIG. 6:

The first cut is the angle of inclination of 54 degrees, r - 20.5 mm, the second cut is 63 degrees, r - 15 mm, cuts should be made while maintaining d - 84 mm, mark 1 L, the first cell.

We cut the twelfth plate, like the fifth, in the same sequence, with the same angle of inclination, and with the same diameters and radii, but just mark instead of the letter L, we place the letter P. The washers are mirrored from 6 to 10 cells. D - 210 mm 6 cell. D - 176 mm 7 cell. D - 140 mm 8 cell. D - 98 mm 9 cell. D - 84 mm 10 cell.

Next we cut plate No. 4.

For 1 washer d - 190 mm, tilt angle of 35 degrees, mark 5 L, fifth cell.

For 2 washers, d is 152 mm, the angle of inclination is 40 degrees, the mark is 4 L, the fourth cell.

For 3 washers, d is 106 mm, the angle of inclination is 49 degrees, the mark is 3 L, the third cell.

We cut the next fourth cut twice.

The first cut is an angle of inclination of 52 degrees, r is 26.5 mm, the second cut is 73 degrees, r is 11.5 mm, cuts are made while maintaining d - 94 mm, mark 2 L, second cell.

We cut the thirteenth plate, like the fourth, in the same sequence, with the same angle of inclination, and with the same diameters and radii, but just mark instead of the letter L, we lay the letter P. The washers are mirrored from 7 to 10 cells. D - 190 mm 7 cell. D - 152 mm 8 cell. D - 106 mm 9 cell. D - 94 mm 10 cell.

Next we cut plate No. 3.

For 1 washer d - 162 mm, angle of inclination 43 degrees, mark 5 L, fifth cell.

For 2 washers, d is 114 mm, the angle of inclination is 52 degrees, the mark is 4 L, the fourth cell.

The next third cut is cut twice, the first cut is the angle of inclination 57 degrees, r - 27.5 mm, the second cut 75 degrees, r - 12.7 mm, cuts are made while maintaining d - 104 mm, mark 3 L, third cell.

We cut the fourteenth plate, like the third, in the same sequence, with the same angle of inclination, and the same diameters and radii, but only mark instead of the letter L, we lay the letter P. The washers are mirrored from 8 to 10 cells. D - 162 mm 8 cell. D - 114 mm 9 cell. D - 104 mm 10 cell.

Next we cut plate No. 2.

For 1 washer, d is 122 mm, the angle of inclination is 55 degrees, the mark is 5 L, the fifth cell.

We cut the next second cut two times, the first cut is an inclination angle of 66 degrees, r is 25.5 mm, the second cut is 77 degrees, r is 12.5 mm, cuts are made while maintaining d - 114 mm, mark 4 L, fourth cell.

We cut the fifteenth plate, like the second one, in the same sequence, with the same angle of inclination, with the same diameters and radii, but just mark instead of the letter L, we lay out the letter P. The washers are mirrored from 9 to 10 cells. D - 121 mm 9 cell. D - 114 mm 10 cell.

Next we cut plate No. 1.

We cut it twice, the first cut is an angle of inclination of 67 degrees, r is 27 mm, the second cut is 79 degrees, r is 13.5 mm, cuts are made while maintaining d - 124 mm, mark 5 L, fifth cell.

We cut the sixteenth plate, like the first, in the same sequence, with the same angle of inclination, with the same diameters and radii, but just mark instead of the letter L, we put the letter P. The washer in a mirror in 10 cells. D - 124 mm 10 cell.

In 10 cells from a set of conical washers and plates we get 10 hemispheres. (see Fig. 11).

In each cell in the upper plate, we unfasten the bolt by heating with a hot air gun and put the plate in its original place. The washers and plates are cleaned of glue, lightly sanded on the faceplate. We are convinced that they all fit together in a plane, we fold them to their former place. Washers and plates must fit tightly together, as they are assembled in their place. We assemble the first hemisphere of 1 L according to the natural pattern to the place where it was before sawing, by turning the washers horizontally. From the top of the hemisphere to the bottom we draw a straight line with a thin black felt-tip pen, on the opposite side with a white felt-tip pen, FIG. 12, so that when bonding, the natural pattern of the stone more accurately fits.

We degrease the washers with acetone or solvent 647, apply a thin layer of glue, preferably AKEPOX 5010. We tighten the clamp so that the upper plate and washers do not move, and the black and white stripe strictly coincided (see Fig. 13).

We tighten the clamp, using medium force, so that excess glue is squeezed out of the seam, then the seams in the ball will not be visible. Step by step, from each cell we take the upper plate and washers, and we adjust the hemispheres with glue. At a temperature of +40, +50 degrees, dry for 3 hours. We grind on the faceplate the connection of the hemispheres in pairs of each diameter. We customize the natural pattern, degrease, apply glue, tighten with clamps, squeezing out excess glue (see Fig. 14). Dry 24 hours. We process balls in the usual way, without applying much effort.

Four hollow balls were obtained from one parallelepiped with a size of 240 × 240 × 268.6 mm, with a wall thickness of 10-11 mm, d - 232 mm, 200 mm, 170 mm, 140 mm, and the fifth ball d - 110 mm an ordinary non-hollow ball (see Fig. 15).

Similarly, it is possible to produce balls of any diameters, but the thickness of the washers is up to 60 mm, since today there is no possibility to cut through the hydraulic cutter more without errors.

According to the second variant, the method of manufacturing hollow balls made of natural stone includes: cutting the stone with a diamond blade 600 mm in diameter, 2.2 mm thick. A blank of stone is made in the form of a parallelepiped in size 240 × 240 × 225 mm.

We make a plexiglass stencil on a hydraulic cutter, in the size of 240 × 240 × 2 mm, divided by 30 degrees. On the side of the stone blank with dimensions of 240 × 240, a marking is applied using a stencil and a spray gun (see Fig. 16).

Pre-made horizontal rotary divider (GPDU) with a marking of 360 degrees, with fixation every 15 degrees. (Similar equipment is used in woodworking and metalworking) (see. Fig. 17).

Moisture-resistant plywood with a thickness of 15 mm is glued directly to the GPU pad in the center. On the table of the stone-cutting machine GPDU lies, strictly parallel to the sawing disk from 0 to 180 degrees (see Fig. 18).

The GPU platform should be strictly parallel to the saw blade. Moisture-resistant plywood with a thickness of 15 mm × 290 mm × 290 mm is glued to the stone blank 240 mm × 240 mm × 225 mm, to the side 225 mm, so that the plywood shoulders protrude strictly 25 mm and are strictly parallel to the stone blank (cm Fig. 16).

Using a tripod (center finder) and a square, we find the center on the stone, parallel the two sides, moving the stone, put the disk in the center of the stone blank, fix the plywood of the stone and the GPDU with screws. We fix the GPU self-tapping screws with the table area of the sawing machine. (See FIGS. 19-21).

We were convinced of the correctness of the parallel, center and angles relative to the disk. They made the first cut strictly in half. It turned out two parallelepipeds, 225 mm high, 240 mm long, 118.9 mm wide, glued to plywood, and fixed to the GPU. We rotate the GPDU by 30 degrees, we make cuts, we get conical plates 225 mm high at 30 degrees. In order to ensure that the conical plates do not fluctuate during sawing, we grip each other with temporary ADTEK glue, using a heat gun, we saw in stages, we get 12 conical plates (see Fig. 22).

After sawing into conical plates, we unfasten them from the GPU (the plywood on which the box is glued is a consumable). We number each conical plate with a non-washable felt-tip pen, mark the top and bottom (see Fig. 23).

We saw off with a grinder, clean the glue, with the help of a clerical knife, remove the remaining glue with solvent 647. First, we make a pallets with cells in the amount of 12 pieces from plywood. This size so that the conical plates fit for lying down for temporary storage. Number the cells in the pan from left to right, and put the conical plates in their numbered cells (see Fig. 24).

We make a conductor, with the help of which cone plates into segments are cut on a hydraulic cutter. The conductor is made of plywood, 15 mm thick, and from metal, aluminum, stainless steel, 1.5-2 mm thick. The design of the conductor is made under the cut program on the hydraulic cutter, so that the dimensions and inclination angles allow two conical stone plates to be set symmetrically, and the step increment in the program was taking into account the 1.5 mm gap between the plates while maintaining the diameters, and the conductor grate was reusable.

In places where the cutting of the waterjet jet will take place, the metal grill is made in the same program in which conical plates are cut into segments, but only the seam is 2-3 mm wider (addition to the cutting program), so that the jet does not tear off conical stone plates and cut segments (see Fig. 25).

(Segments should not be cut at the end of the tip by 1.5 mm, so as not to lose them in the water, they easily break.) Conical plates are installed on the conductor in pairs between the tips of the plates, a distance of 1.5 mm. Conical plates are attached to the conductor on two-sided tape, 2 mm thick, for insurance, we additionally fasten with an assembly elastic band (see Fig. 26, 26A, 26B).

The conductor is fastened with clamps to the hydraulic cutting grid. We cut the segments from the conical plates, clean the glue residue with a clerical knife and solvent 647 and number them small to large, with the same number as the conical plate, add the fraction type designation 1/1, the first digit the number of the conical plate, the second digit the number of the conical segment platinum, the top and bottom are also marked. And it develops in the same sequence. Each set of segments in its cell (see Fig. 27, 27A, 27B).

The segments are assembled into balls without additional fitting. The segments are glued into their sawn seam, so the seam should not be visible to the eye (if sawing was done with a diamond disc, which immediately gives grinding, then tear off the gloss with marble sites, since the adhesive does not adhere well to the gloss and the balls can stick out.) Beforehand, we make a pallet for folding hemispheres into 6 balls.

Assembly: From each cell, it is better to start with a small diameter, from 1 to 12 a segment of the same diameter is taken, decomposed into a circle by numbers from 1 to 12 marks to the middle of the circle, in pairs 1 and 2. 3 and 4. 5 and 6. 7 and 8. 9 and 10. 11 and 12. (see Fig. 28 and 29).

Degrease, apply glue, glue so that both ends of the segment coincide and squeeze with clamps to squeeze out excess glue, and no seam is visible. And so on we glue in stages. After the glue dries for 3 hours at a temperature of +40, +50 degrees, the paired segments are glued together by segment numbers 2 and 3. 8 and 9. Let them dry. Then we glue 4 and 5. 10 and 11. And so gradually we take segments of the next diameter. We also lay out, glue and fold the hemispheres into our cell. FIG. 29.

And so we get two halves of the hemispheres and let the glue dry. On the faceplate, paired hemispheres are ground at the junctions in the ball. We make sure that they fit tightly together. We customize the hemispheres according to the natural pattern of the stone. Glue into balls, not very tightly clamping the clamps, but to squeeze out excess glue (see Fig. 30).

Then we grind the balls and polish in the usual way. We get 6 balls with a diameter of 20 mm solid, 40 mm, 60 mm, 80 mm, 100 mm, 120 mm hollow (see Fig. 31).

Thus, the manufacture of balls can be obtained with a diameter of up to 120 mm, since the cutter is able to cut through the wall thickness of hard stones without large errors of up to 60 mm.

According to the third variant of the method, hollow balls are made with a diameter of over 120 mm from the remaining parts of the conical plates sawn to d - 120 mm. To do this, we make a vertical conductor from ordinary metal, with removable plates, it is better to make plates from stainless steel with a wall thickness of 1.5 mm, these walls are installed at an angle of 30 degrees (see Fig. 32).

The entire set of conical plates requires 48 plates. But they can be applied in stages, having made only 8 plates.

We put a conical plate of stone over d - 120 mm onto ADTEK glue into the conductor using a heat gun and hot air gun (see Fig. 33).

We place the conductor with the conical stone plate on the table of the sawing machine exactly parallel to the saw blade and at an exact right angle relative to the middle of the conical plate and the conductor. We fasten the screws to the table of the machine, we are convinced of the accuracy of the installed conductor and conical stone plates. We make a cut with a disk with a diameter of 600 mm, a thickness of 2.2 mm, we get two conical plates of 15 degrees each (see Fig. 34, 34A).

We turn off the metal plates from the conductor, take out two sawn conical plates of stone with glued metal plates. By heating the metal plates with a hot air gun, we glue the metal plate from the conical stone plate. (First we make a pallet with 24 cells, and we number each cell from 1 to 24.) We number the conical plates of stone again, and mark the top and bottom. The conical plate, which was at number 1, sawn into two parts, the left conical plate remains at number 1. The right cone at number 2. The bottom as it was, remains the bottom. We lay out in numbered cells. The second conical plate is sawn and numbered 3 and 4. Third 5 and 6. Fourth 7 and 8. Fifth 9 and 10. Sixth 11 and 12. Seventh 13 and 14. Eighth 15 and 16. Ninth 17 and 18. Tenth 19 and 20. The eleventh 21 and 22. The twelfth 23 and 24. On the side of the conical plates of the stone where the plate was glued, remove the glue with a clerical knife and solvent 647. And we put each conical plate in its cell (see Fig. 35).

In order to cut the manufactured conical plates of 15 degrees into segments, we make a conductor similar to the first for sawing conical plates into segments, the phasing and step-by-step is the same, but only the degree of inclination, not 30 degrees, but 15 degrees (see Fig. 36) .

Sawed conical stone plates from 30 degrees to 15 degrees with selected sectors up to d - 120 mm inclusive, set to a 15 degree conductor, they immediately lie in diameter and cut the metal conductor grate d - 120 mm. (see Fig. 36). The sequence of the process of manufacturing hollow balls above d - 120 mm and up to d - 220 mm is exactly the same as up to d - 120 mm. But only sectors are not 12 pieces in one ball, but 24. (see Figs. 37, 38, 38A, 39).

In this way we get five more balls d - 140 mm, d - 160 mm, d - 180 mm, d - 200 mm, d - 220 mm (see Fig. 40).

In three ways, hollow balls are made by increasing and decreasing the height and thickness of the washers, or conical plates and segments, and their number, as well as the number of balls of one parallelepiped, with a diameter of 20 mm to a diameter as far as the technical ability of the equipment in modern industry allows.

Similarly, it is possible to make larger diameter balls, cut into conical plates, decreasing degrees, make more vertical conductor, but the cut thickness of the conical plate should not be more than 60 mm, since today there is no possibility to cut more without cutting errors (see Fig. . 41). Thus, by the claimed three methods, it is possible to produce hollow balls of various sizes, increasing and decreasing the height, thickness of the washers, or conical plates and segments and their number, and you can also change the number of balls from one parallelepiped, with a diameter of 20 mm to a diameter as much as it allows technical capability of equipment in modern industry.

Claims (3)

1. A method of manufacturing hollow balls made of natural stone, including cutting a billet of stone in the shape of a parallelepiped and subsequent processing, characterized in that the parallelepiped is cut so that the cut is made from the elongated side into an even number of plates from 6 to 50 pieces, depending on the diameter and wall thickness and the number of balls, then the resulting plates are stacked in the order they were before sawing, numbered and marking the top and bottom on each plate, the resulting plates are divided into two stacks, the upper half Astin is put in a separate stack, turning over, from two stacks they take plates in pairs, turn over, find the center and apply the same marking for the cut in the form of the corresponding diameters and tilt angles, then the plates are laid out in two stacks, as they were before the marking, to the side of the plates, where there is no marking, glue in the center a bolt at an angle of 90 ° to screw the plates to an angular rotary device (UPU), take plates from each stack in turn, screw them to the UPU, set the angle of inclination corresponding to the marking, let the nozzle down water cut according to the marking, as a result of cutting, the washers are obtained, the washers are marked and laid out in the cells, the first hemisphere is assembled according to the natural pattern, by turning the washers horizontally, the upper plate and washers are taken from each cell in stages, the hemispheres are adjusted and glued, the hemispherical joint is ground in pairs each diameter, selected by color in accordance with the natural pattern and glued, the resulting balls are ground and polished. 2. A method of manufacturing hollow balls made of natural stone, including cutting a billet of stone in the shape of a parallelepiped and subsequent processing, characterized in that 360 degrees marking is applied to the largest side of the billet of stone, then glued to the platform of a horizontal rotary dividing device (GPDU) plywood is strictly centered and to the stone blank to the smallest side glued plywood, fastened together, make the first cut into two equal parallelepipeds, rotate the GPDU and cut into conical plates of size and degree proportional, if for 6 plates, then 60 degrees, if for 8 plates, then 45 degrees, if for 10 plates, then 36 degrees, if for 12 plates, then 30 degrees, after sawing each conical plate is numbered, the top and bottom are marked, then two conical plates are mounted on a horizontal conductor with a metal grill, segments are cut from the conical plates with a hydraulic cutter, the numbers are marked, the top and bottom are marked, then each set of segments is folded in the same sequence in its cell from each cell females take a segment of the same diameter, arrange them in a circle by numbers with marks to the middle of the circle, glue the segments in pairs, then hemispheres and put them in their own cell; on the faceplate, pair the hemispheres are ground at the joints and glued into finished balls with a diameter of up to 120 mm. 3. A method of manufacturing hollow balls made of natural stone, including cutting a billet of stone in the shape of a parallelepiped and subsequent processing, characterized in that on the largest side of the billet of stone using a stencil similar to the size of the side of the parallelepiped with divisions of 30 degrees, marking is applied, then the horizontal rotary dividing device (GPDU) is glued plywood strictly in the center, plywood is glued to the workpiece made of stone to the smallest side, the first cut is made on two parallelepiped a, they turn the GPA by 30 degrees and make cuts, get conical plates at 30 degrees, stage-by-stage get conical plates in the amount of 12 pcs., with cut sectors up to 120 mm in diameter, then the conical plates are installed in a vertical conductor made in the form of vertical walls installed at an angle of 30 degrees, then at a right angle relative to the middle of the conical plate and the conductor, cut is performed to obtain two conical plates of 15 degrees, each conical place is numbered after sawing Inu, they mark - top, bottom, and number - the left part of the plate with number 1, and the right with number 2, they also saw and number the remaining 11 conical plates and as a result get 24 numbered conical plates, which are laid out in numbered from 1 to 24 cells , then two conical plates are mounted on a horizontal 15-degree conductor with a metal grate; segments are cut on a hydraulic cutter from conical plates, numbered, marked top, bottom, then each set of segments is folded in the same sequence in howl cell, from each cell, from 1 to 24 take a segment of the same diameter, lay out in a circle at numbers 1 to 24 marks to the middle of the circle, 1 and 2, 3 and 4 ... 23 and 24 in pairs, glue the segments in hemispheres, put in paired hemispheres are ground at the junction points and glued into finished balls with a diameter of more than 120 mm on the faceplate.

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