RU2717834C1 - Treatment method to reduce the amount of contaminants in liquid mixtures of substituted hydrocarbons used as fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fuel.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of purifying hydrocarbons used as fuel, which includes: preparation of supersaturated solution of iron (II) oxide in water; mixing supersaturated solution with liquid hydrocarbons used as fuel; mixing the mixture until obtaining a homogeneous mixture; leaving the mixture for decantation owing to mass difference and separating the supersaturated solution from liquid hydrocarbons.

EFFECT: technical result is reduction of the amount of pollutants in liquid mixtures of substituted hydrocarbons used as fuel.

1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

[0001] A method for purifying hydrocarbons used as fuel

Technical field

[0002] Heterogeneous catalysis of hydrocarbons, purification (refining).

State of the art

[0003] Liquid hydrocarbons used as fuel, such as gasoline, gas oil or diesel fuel, aviation fuel or kerosene, are toxic and flammable. Vapors generated by their evaporation and substances formed by their combustion, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides or non-combustible hydrocarbons, etc., contribute to air pollution. In addition, the combustion of these fuels produces carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that directly leads to global climate change.

[0004] With regard to environmental pollution, governments have adopted laws aimed at reducing emissions of pollutants from hydrocarbons used as fuel. Currently, there is a need for more efficient cleaning methods. Well-known methods for desulfurization of hydrocarbon fractions containing organic sulfur compounds in the form of an impurity.

[0005] A number of alternative methods for purifying gasoline and diesel fuel are known, such as direct absorption methods (US 4,830,733 A, NAGT et al., 1989), bioprocessing methods (US 5,910,440 A, GROSSMAN et al., 1999), selective oxidation methods ( US 3341448 A, FORD et al., 1967) and zeolite catalysis methods (MAXWELL, I.E .; STORK, W. H. J. Hydrocarbon processing with zeolites. - Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 2001, vol. 137, pp. 747-819).

[0006] However, all known methods have their drawbacks. For example, many of them allow only desulfurization of hydrocarbons, but with their help it is impossible to reduce the amount of benzenes and harmful aromatic compounds. In addition, in practice, they are expensive, which prevents their constant use. [0007] But if purification in a known manner nevertheless removes some contaminants, the fuel loses its effectiveness, since such components contribute to its combustion.

[0008] Therefore, a catalytic purification process is needed that removes contaminants and provides benefits at low cost.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The present invention provides a method for the catalytic purification of liquid hydrocarbons used as fuel, in which sulfur, aromatics, benzenes, xylenes, toluene and other compounds are removed and the available octanes are oxidized so that they support combustion during the combustion of hydrocarbons, providing more complete combustion and higher energy efficiency in industrial applications as a fuel.

[0010] The disclosed method is suitable for the purification of mixed fuels at the final stage of hydrocarbon purification, i.e. such fuels, which at the current level of technology will be used as final products intended for sale to consumers.

[0011] The disclosed method involves mixing fine particles of solid ferrous oxide with water vapor to obtain a heterogeneous mixture. Next, a heterogeneous mixture is poured into a vessel with substituted hydrocarbons used as fuel, and mixed for several minutes.

[0012] The result is a fuel with a lower hydrocarbon content. In gasoline, the content of cyclic hydrocarbons is lower, and in diesel and rocket fuel the content of linear hydrocarbons decreases.

[0013] At the time of filing this application, it was not clear how the chemical reaction proceeds. Some studies (HAMADA, Hideaki, et al. Role of supported metals in the selective reduction of nitrogen monoxide with hydrocarbons over metal / alumina catalysts. - Catalysis today, 1996, vol. 29, no 1, pp. 53-57) show that ferrous oxide particles catalyze the oxidation of propene by molecular oxygen.

[0014] Therefore, an emulsion is formed that undoubtedly has the ability to purify hydrocarbons, as follows from the experimental data presented in the figures in this technical document.

Technical challenge

[0015] Hydrocarbons commercially used as fuels contain in high concentrations sulfur, aromatics, benzenes, xylenes, toluene and other compounds. The burning of these fuels in internal combustion engines is not efficient enough to ensure their complete combustion, so they enter the atmosphere.

The solution of the problem

[0016] A treatment method that reduces the content of contaminants in liquid substituted hydrocarbons used as fuel, which comprises mixing a heterogeneous mixture of ferrous oxide in water with fuel, mixing or continuously mixing with a solution, settling the mixture, and removing an aqueous solution of ferrous oxide and water by decantation.

Advantages of the Invention

[0017] The fuel obtained by applying the proposed method has a lower content of polluting sulfur compounds, aromatic compounds, benzols, xylenes, toluene and other compounds. In addition, this method increases the completeness of combustion of the fuel, since during the course of the chemical reaction, hydrocarbons receive additional oxygen atoms that support combustion.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0018] The disclosed embodiments of the invention and their advantages can be better understood from the following description, given with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings in no way limit the advantageous effects of the physicochemical interaction of the proposed compound as a catalyst or purifier, which will be understood by a person skilled in the art without departing from the essence and scope of the disclosed embodiments. All drawings show chromatograms obtained by analyzing the aforementioned hydrocarbon using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and a MS Perkin Eimer Clarus 580 MS Clarus SQ 85 mass spectrometer with a Perkin Eimer Elite 5 MS 30 m × 0 column , 32 mm, DI 0.25 μm and dichloromethane grade HPLC as a control solvent, at an injector temperature of 250 ° C and a column temperature of 50 ° C / 12 min, 6 ° C / 1 min and 120 ° C / 10 min, injection volume 41 and the mobile helium phase 0-8 ml / min. These MS conditions were fulfilled at an ionization energy of 70 eV, a transfer temperature of 180 ° С and an ionization source temperature of 200 ° С.

[0019] FIG. Figure 1 shows a chromatogram reflecting the results of a GC-PID analysis of a commercially available diesel fuel sample, on which the time in minutes is plotted on the X-axis and the voltage in millivolts is plotted on the Y-axis.

[0020] FIG. Figure 2 shows a chromatogram reflecting the results of a GC-PID analysis of the same commercially available diesel fuel sample after treatment with the proposed compound and the proposed method, on which the time in minutes is plotted on the X-axis and the voltage in millivolts is plotted on the Y-axis, which confirms hydrocarbon recovery .

[0021] FIG. Figure 3 shows a chromatogram reflecting the results of a GC-PID analysis of a commercially available gasoline sample, on which the time in minutes is plotted on the X-axis and the voltage in volts is plotted on the Y-axis.

[0022] FIG. Figure 4 shows a chromatogram reflecting the results of GC-PID analysis of the same commercially available gasoline sample after treatment with the proposed compound and the proposed method, on which the time in minutes is plotted on the X-axis and the voltage in volts is plotted on the Y-axis, which confirms the recovery of hydrocarbons.

[0023] FIG. Figure 5 shows a chromatogram reflecting the results of a GC-PID analysis of a commercially available sample of aviation fuel, on which the time in minutes is plotted on the X-axis and the voltage in millivolts is plotted on the Y-axis.

[0024] FIG. Figure 6 shows a chromatogram reflecting the results of a GC-PID analysis of the same commercially available sample of aviation fuel after treatment with the proposed compound and the proposed method, on which the time in minutes is plotted on the axis X and the voltage in millivolts is plotted on the axis Y, which confirms hydrocarbon recovery .

Description of Embodiments

[0025] There is a clear need for a method that can reduce the content of contaminants in liquid substituted hydrocarbon mixtures used as fuel. The prior art describes a number of stages of refining (refining) used in the conversion of oil into industrial suitable fuels. However, these fuels still contain sulfur compounds, aromatics, benzenes, xylenes, toluene and other compounds that do not burn when used properly, and therefore an improved purification method is needed to reduce the fouling effect associated with burning fuel.

[0026] To improve purification, a supersaturated solution of ferrous oxide in water is used. The process for producing a supersaturated solution of ferrous oxide is described in the publication (MARTIN, Scot T. Precipitation and dissolution of iron and manganese oxides. Environmental Catalysis, 2005, pp. 61-81.). The specified supersaturated solution serves as a catalyst for purification of fuel.

[0027] A supersaturated iron oxide solution is mixed with the fuel. It is well known that a supersaturated solution of iron oxide can be used in a ratio of 70% solution to 30% fuel. However, in a preferred embodiment, a 10% solution of 90% fuel was taken, that is, 100 liters of a supersaturated solution of ferrous oxide for every 1000 liters of fuel to be purified.

[0028] The supersaturated solution must be mixed at a constant ratio of liquids, either by periodic mixing in a vessel, or by recirculation of liquids, or by free convection. In a preferred embodiment, 1 liter of this mixture should be mixed by any of these methods for at least one minute.

[0029] During the mixing process, hydrocarbons are reduced in the fuel to be cleaned. In FIG. 1 shows a chromatogram of a commercially available diesel sample. The first peak relates to dichloromethane used as a control solvent. In FIG. 2 shows a chromatogram of the same commercially available diesel fuel after processing the proposed method. As can be judged by the retention period in FIG. 2, the amount of linear hydrocarbons decreased, which indicates the cleaning ability of this method.

[0030] FIG. 3 shows a chromatogram of a commercially available gasoline sample. The first peak relates to dichloromethane used as a control solvent. In FIG. 4 shows a chromatogram of the same commercially available gasoline sample after treatment with the inventive method. As you can see, the amount of cyclic hydrocarbons also decreased.

[0031] In FIG. 5 shows the results of an analysis of commercially available aviation fuel, and FIG. 6 shows the results of the analysis of the same aviation fuel after processing the claimed method. The results are similar to those obtained for diesel fuel and gasoline.

Suitability for industrial use

[0032] The present method is suitable for any industry in which fuel is used and in which there is the task of reducing the negative effects of combustion by-products and increasing the efficiency of the use of fuel.

Patent documents

[0033] US 4,830,733 A, NAGT et al., 1989

[0034] US 5,910,440 A, GROSSMAN et al., 1999

[0035] US 3,341,448 A, FORD et al., 1967

Non-Patent Literature

[0036] MAXWELL, I. E .; STORK, W. H. J. Hydrocarbon processing with zeolites. - Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 2001, vol. 137, pp. 747-819.

[0037] HAMADA, Hideaki, et al. Role of supported metals in the selective reduction of nitrogen monoxide with hydrocarbons over metal / alumina catalysts. - Catalysis today, 1996, vol. 29, no 1, pp. 53-57.

[0038] MARTIN, Scot T. Precipitation and dissolution of iron and manganese oxides. - Environmental Catalysis, 2005, pp. 61-81.

Claims (1)

The method of purification of hydrocarbons used as fuel, which includes: preparing a supersaturated solution of ferrous oxide in water; mixing a supersaturated solution with liquid hydrocarbons used as fuel; mixing the mixture to obtain a homogeneous mixture; leaving the mixture for decantation due to mass difference; and separating the supersaturated solution from liquid hydrocarbons.

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