RU2717424C1 - Automatic tidal hydroelectric power plant with water reservoir - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to design of autonomous tidal low-power damless power plants and can be used to convert energy of sea currents (tides) into electric energy. Proposed hydroelectric power plant (HPP) is intended for mass use as individual separate consumers and small settlements remote from main electric networks. Automatic tidal hydroelectric power plant with water reservoir includes inlet pressure tank 1, intermediate pressure tank 2 and storage tank 3 located near reservoir 4 on the coast and having height above level of tide located at the bottom of water reservoir near coast. Inlet container 1 has hole 5 for free passage of water in its bottom part, and bottom holes of intermediate tank 2 are equipped with two check valves 8 and 10 installed on inlet and outlet of water from this reservoir. In storage container 3 there is hole 11 also in bottom part connected with check valve 10 of intermediate container 2 to water inlet. Besides, accumulation tank 3 has overflow hole 12 in its upper part, connected through pipeline 13 to reservoir 4, wherein 1 and intermediate tanks 2 in their upper part are also connected by pipe 6. Hydraulic turbine 15 connected to electric generator 16 is connected to water reservoir 4. At present, vast territories of tidal zones of seas and oceans are not used in power engineering. This is related, among other things, with the need to select territories with availability of convenient places for construction of dams, which partition off bays or river mouths. Proposed self-contained Automatic tidal hydroelectric power station with water reservoir can be constructed irrespective of presence of these conditions practically on any coast of water reservoirs. HPP operates in automatic mode at filling of accumulator tank or small water reservoir for household needs and does not require personnel for permanent maintenance.

EFFECT: hydroelectric power plant is assembled from serial units and structures, therefore, it has minimum cost at its construction that allows recommending it for wide application.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to structures of autonomous tidal damless power plants of small capacity and can be massively used to convert the energy of sea currents (tides) into electrical energy. During the construction of energy centers using the hydraulic energy of the tides, the main costs are the construction of expensive dams, which impedes the mass construction of facilities for individual use and for small settlements.

It is known "Device for extracting energy from sea currents" according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2401358, IPC E 02 B 9/08, authors E.N. Bellendir, A.V. Petrashkevich et al. [1].

This device contains several cylindrical supports-shells located on the sea shelf, a system of inlet and outlet pipelines, hydrogenerators, and the support shells are installed in a row with a gap for the passage of water along a line perpendicular to the direction of the tidal currents, the cavity of the support shell is divided vertically by partitions into several tiers to accommodate pipelines and hydrogenerators, the supply pipe runs diagonally perpendicularly, and the discharge pipe runs diagonally parallel flax line installation opor- shells, ends of the conduits are in communication with the sea, and hydro placed on the discharge pipe.

The disadvantage of this device is also the structural complexity, which is implemented only for high power plants and the presence of a significant number of staff. In addition to the complexity of manufacturing the large cylindrical support shells themselves, located on the sea shelf, and cavities in shell supports with partitions for several tiers, in which pipelines and hydrogenerators are located, a large number of autonomous hydrogenerators (a turbine with a generator) are required, the operation of which will still need to be synchronized in a power generation system.

Also known is the technical solution "Wave Power Station" by Y. B. Shpolyansky, B.L. Historian and others. RF patent No. 2459974, IPC F 03 B 13/24 [2].

This invention relates to hydropower and can be used for significant fluctuations in the level of the water surface due to tidal or tidal or surging phenomena in electrical energy.

The device comprises a fixed support, a pneumohydraulic chamber, the movable part of which is in communication with the reservoir, and the surface part is connected to the atmosphere through a pressure duct in which a turbine with a generator is installed. In addition, the device is equipped with a rotary drive kinematically connected to the camera, which is mounted on a support with the possibility of vertical movement, and the drive is connected to the camera through a pair of power elements from the series nut-screw, gear-toothed rack, hydraulic cylinder-rod, drum-cable and the rotary drive is equipped with automatic control with the ability to move the camera relative to the support in accordance with fluctuations in the average level of the water surface.

The disadvantage of this device is the structural complexity, the need for support shells that perform the function of a dam, and also the need for maintenance personnel and its high cost, characteristic of high-power hydroelectric power plants, included in the general system of providing electricity to consumers. In addition, to install the camera at the required level of the water surface, an electric drive requires an external source of electricity.

Also known as the "Tidal power plant" authors Ilyina AK and Akulicheva V.A. according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2099587. IPC F03B 13/18; F13 / 26 [3].

The installation comprises a vertical hollow cylinder with a piston fixed at the bottom, above and below which pressure chambers are formed in the cylinder and are connected to the air intake, a float connected to the piston via a rod, a compressed air reservoir, a turbine and connecting pipelines, both of which have increased air chambers cylinder pressures are provided with buffer chambers located outside the cylinder and connected to it by means of channels. In addition, the channels of the buffer chambers are brought out into the space between the cylinder cover and the upper extreme position of the piston, and the channel of the lower buffer chamber is brought out into the space between the cylinder bottom and the lower extreme position of the piston, with a piston spring-loaded towards the channel in each buffer chamber.

The disadvantages of this device is the structural complexity and the need for maintenance personnel, as well as its high cost. The presence of springs requiring tension adjustment and additional movable elements reduce the reliability of this device. Using an air turbine is less efficient than using a hydraulic turbine.

The purpose of the present invention is to eliminate these drawbacks and create an automatic, simple in design tidal hydroelectric power station that does not use external additional power sources and does not require constant costs for its maintenance.

The technical result of the invention is as follows:

- simplified design and increased reliability due to the lack of moving movable nodes and mechanisms that require tuning and regulation;

- carried out the rise of water above the level of the tide of sea water to fill the reservoir or other storage tank;

- ensured the functioning of the device in automatic mode without the need for constant maintenance;

- a hydraulic turbine loaded with an electric generator, which is more efficient than an air turbine, was used.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the proposed "Automatic tidal hydroelectric power station with a reservoir" at the bottom of the reservoir near the coast there is an inlet discharge tank, an intermediate discharge tank and a storage tank, the height of which is higher than the tide and its overflow opening is connected by a pipeline to the reservoir or tank the battery. The inlet tank has an opening for water inlet in its bottom part, and the openings in the bottom part of the intermediate tank are equipped with two check valves for water inlet and outlet from this tank, a hole in the storage tank is also made in the bottom part, connected to the check valve of the intermediate tank on water inlet and an overflow hole in its upper part, connected by a pipeline to the reservoir, while the inlet and intermediate containers in their upper part are connected by a pipe, and a hydraulic turbine connected to the reservoir dining on an electric generator.

The drawing shows "Automatic tidal hydroelectric power station with a reservoir."

The device comprises an inlet discharge tank 1, an intermediate discharge tank 2, a storage tank 3 and a reservoir 4 or another storage tank, the inlet tank having an opening 5 for free water inlet in its bottom, a pipe 6 connecting the inlet and intermediate tanks in their upper part , an opening 7 of an intermediate tank in its bottom, equipped with a check valve 8 for water inlet, and a hole 9 in its bottom with a check valve 10 for water outlet, connected to the inlet 11 in the bottom th buffer storage. An overflow opening 12 of the storage tank is connected by a pipe 13 to a remote reservoir, to which a hydraulic turbine 15 connected to an electric generator 16 is connected via a control valve 14.

"Automatic tidal hydroelectric power station with a reservoir" works as follows. The water level in a body of water (sea or ocean) due to tides varies from the level of "low tide" - Notl. to the tide level - Npr. In the drawing, fluctuations in the water level in the inlet and in the intermediate tanks are shown by a solid arrow when filling and a dotted arrow when emptying. At low tide in the input tank 1 was the water level of Notl. due to the inlet of water through the hole 5, and in the intermediate tank 2, the water entered through the check valve 8 and the inlet 7, as in the tank 2 there was a discharge of air.

After the onset of the tide, the water in the input tank 1 rises to the upper level of Np., While the compressed air through the pipe 6 enters the intermediate tank 2 and squeezes the water through the check valve 11 connecting the holes 9 and 10 into the storage tank 3, and the check valve 8 This time is closed.

At low tide, the level in tank 1 drops to Notl. and in the tanks 1 and 2 connected through the pipe 6, a vacuum occurs, while the check valve 11 closes, and the check valve 8 opens and water of the reservoir enters the tank 2 through it. The process is then repeated.

After several periods of ebb-tide fluctuations, the storage tank 3 overflows and, since its height is higher than the tide point, water from it through the overflow hole 12 and pipeline 13 enters the reservoir 4 located on the shore of the reservoir. As needed for electricity, water from the reservoir 4 with the valve 14 open is fed to a hydraulic turbine 14, which rotates an electric generator 15 that generates electrical energy for transmission to the network.

Currently, the vast territories of the tidal zones of the seas and oceans are not used in energy. This is due, inter alia, to the need to choose territories with the availability of convenient places for the construction of dams that block bays or estuaries. The proposed autonomous “Automatic tidal hydroelectric power station with a reservoir” can be constructed regardless of the presence of these conditions, practically, on any coast of water bodies.

The proposed hydroelectric power station is intended for mass use, both by individual consumers remote from the main electric networks, and not by large settlements. A hydropower plant operates in automatic mode when filling a storage tank or a small reservoir for household needs and does not require personnel for continuous maintenance. A hydropower plant is assembled from serial units and structures, therefore it has a minimum cost during its construction, which allows us to recommend it for widespread use.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

1.Bellendir E.N., Petrashkevich A.V. etc. A device for extracting energy from sea currents. RF patent No. 2401358. IPC E02 B 9/08 (analogue).

2. Shpolyansky Yu.B., Historian B.L. and other RF Patent No. 2459974. IPC F03 B 13/24 (analogue).

3.Ilyin A.K., Akulichev V.A. Tidal power plant. RF patent No. 2099587. IPC F03B 13/18; F03B 13/26 (analog).

4.A.B. Ermilov. Tidal power station. USSR copyright certificate No. 1432133. IPC E 02 B 9/08 (analogue).

5. Tidal power plants. Alternative Energy Portal [Electronic resource] www.alter220.ru, p.7.

6. NO 151479 B, 02/01/1985 (analogue).

7. GB 2221958 A, 02.21.1990 (analogue).

8. GB 2460553 A, 12/9/2009 (analog).

Claims (1)

An automatic tidal hydroelectric power station with a reservoir, characterized in that it contains an inlet discharge tank located at the bottom of the reservoir near the coast, an intermediate discharge tank and an accumulation reservoir located near the reservoir on the coast and having a height above the tide, the inlet tank has an opening for free entry of water into its bottom part, openings in the bottom part of the intermediate tank are equipped with two check valves installed at the inlet and outlet of water from this tank, but of the inlet tank, an opening was also made in the bottom part, connected to the check valve of the intermediate tank to the water inlet, and an overflow hole in its upper part, connected through the pipeline to the reservoir, while the inlet and intermediate containers in their upper part are connected by a pipe, and to the reservoir a hydraulic turbine connected to an electric generator is connected.

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