RU2715632C1 - Composition for producing fungicidal smoke - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, namely to a composition for producing fungicidal smoke, which can be used for antifungal disinfection of veterinary surveillance facilities, including livestock and poultry breeding facilities. Composition for producing fungicidal smoke contains enilconazole or its salt and barium salt of azoformic acid in the following ratio of ingredients, pts. wt.: enilconazole or salt thereof : barium salt of azoformic acid – 1:5–1:10.

EFFECT: disclosed composition for producing fungicidal smoke is safe, forms stable smoke, wherein generated fungicidal smoke has low temperature, does not contain toxic impurities and provides minimum oxidation of expensive enilconazole.

1 cl, 3 tbl, 6 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to a new fungicidal-bactericidal composition, which can be used for antifungal disinfection of objects of veterinary supervision, including livestock and poultry facilities.

Over the past few decades, modern livestock and poultry facilities have undergone significant changes. For example, chicken production has grown more than 10 times, and more than 3 million chickens per week are already considered normal.

The increased concentration of breeding animals and birds, young animals and broiler chickens, as well as hatching eggs, has increased the contamination of various fungi with spores, and modern poultry farms are an ideal medium for their reproduction.

In poultry farms and on hunting poultry farms, the most common mold fungi of the genus Aspergillus are Aspergillus fiimigatus and Aspergillus flavus. Other mold fungi of the genus Aspergillus, such as A. niger, A. nidulans, and A. versicolor, are also found in poultry farming.

A. fiimigatus grows easily on organic material such as eggs, fluff and bedding. A small spot of dirt or droppings on the surface of the egg can contain thousands of spores, each of which can grow into a mold, form spores and continue infection. For example, 1 g of chicken fluff may contain up to 190,000 mold spores.

The incubator workshop is an ideal and main place for the penetration of Aspergillus fungus, its propagation and the formation of spores.

Therefore, this fungus is one of the main permanent or seasonal problems of hatchery shops. In this case, the eggs are not necessarily infected in the hatchery: the fungal spores can be introduced with the eggs.

A. flavus is more common in cereals such as wheat, corn, oats, and rye.

The consequences of aspergillosis in the hatchery are a decrease in hatchability of eggs - embryos die on the 16th day of incubation. Chickens often become infected immediately after hatching. This leads to their death during the first 10 days. Surviving chickens do not grow well. Birds with subclinical infection may not have obvious signs, but they are not gaining weight well, they have an increase in feed intake and / or a higher percentage of rejects in the slaughterhouse. The chronic form of aspergillosis is often observed among turkeys and broilers for 4-5 weeks. Most often, the fungus develops on the infected litter, especially on deep, wet and covered with droppings. Sources of infection can also be feed or organic material. Aspergillus can cause systemic infection, dermatitis, osteomycosis, ophthalmitis, arthritis, encephalitis and polyserositis.

The chronic form often manifests itself in the form of secondary infections that develop in already weakened or sick birds.

Aspergillosis is found in almost all birds and animals.

Infected animals cannot be treated, and infected hatcheries cannot be completely cleaned.

Thus, aspergillosis prophylaxis programs are needed at all stages of the production chain, and therefore the development of effective protection against molds of the genus Aspergillus is an urgent task.

One of the ways to solve this problem is to create fungicidal fumes.

Fungicidal smoke is widely used in agriculture to protect animals and disinfect various rooms. Processing of objects of veterinary supervision using fungicidal smoke is most effective, especially in the presence of large areas, because provides the penetration of suspended particles in hard-to-reach places in which treatment with a disinfectant in the form of a solution is impossible.

A known composition for producing fungicidal smoke based on di-n-decyl-dimethyl-ammonium bromide. Di-n-decyl-dimethyl-ammonium bromide is extremely effective against dozens of fungal infections, rot and mold, is highly active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (see, for example, RU 2399206 C1, 09/20/2010).

A composition for producing fungicidal smoke is also known, which contains trilane, potassium chlorate oxidizing agent, organic fuel urea and gas-forming tiuram, a polymeric binder, chloroparaffin and aerosil (see, for example, RU 2487539 C1, 03.02.2012).

This composition also has high efficiency in the disinfection of enclosed spaces from harmful microorganisms, but both known compositions are used in agriculture, and specifically, for the processing of root crops during storage.

A known composition for producing fungicidal smoke for controlling sheep estrosis, containing chlorophos, bertholite salt, ammonium nitrate, gypsum, cement, sawdust, talc, potassium permanganate, potassium iodide, hexamethylenetetramine and camphor (see, for example, RU 2224435 C1 02/27/2004).

Because the known composition is characterized by a multicomponent composition, including three oxidizing agents and two binders, then the technology of its production is complex and expensive.

The closest is a composition for producing fungicidal smoke, including enilconazole and excipients - lactose, magnesium silicate and potassium chlorate. The composition is widely used in modern incubators and does not require conditions for organizing a ventilation system (see, for example, Disinfectant against Aspergillosis Clinafarm smoke, Internet address: https: // agovektor / ru / physical_product / 547321-dezinficiruyuschiy-preparat-protiv-asp ..., 05/15/19).

Enilconazole, which is part of the composition, is a synthetic broad-spectrum fungicide against Aspergillus fumigatus and other fungi (Trichophyton verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes, T. equinum, Microsporum canis, M. gypseum). The mechanism of action of enilconazole is the selective inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis, which leads to increased permeability of the cell wall of microorganisms and their subsequent death.

Processing is carried out in the absence of animals and birds.

The drug is highly effective, has no contraindications and side effects. However, during operation, the temperature of the smoke stream is 600-800 ° C, which causes partial destruction of the expensive enilconazole.

The objective of the invention is to expand the range of highly effective compositions for producing fungicidal smoke based on enilconazole.

The problem is solved in that, according to the invention, the composition for producing fungicidal smoke contains enilconazole or its salt and barium salt of azoformic acid in the following ratio of ingredients (in parts by weight): enilconazole or its salt: barium salt of azomoformic acid - 1: 5- 1:10.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to obtain a highly effective composition based on enilconazole, in which, in addition to enilconazole, there are no toxic impurities in the fungicidal smoke, and the fungicidal smoke itself is stable and has a temperature of no higher than 265 ° C, which reduces the loss of enilconazole due to its oxidation and increase processing safety.

The claimed invention is illustrated by the following examples, which, however, do not limit the scope of the claims of the applicant.

Example 1

136 g of a mixture of enilconazole phosphate - barium salt of azoformic acid, taken in a ratio of 1: 9 parts by weight, up to 4/5 of the free volume of the product are pressed into cardboard smoke generators equipped with a fuse, which is used as a match. Testing is carried out in a test room with a volume of 100 m ³ equipped with a floor fan for uniform distribution of the resulting aerosol.

Two products are set on fire with the fan on, the generators run for 30 and 35 seconds. The temperature of the gas stream is measured using a thermometer of a multimeter (model of the Victor device VC-9808 +).

After the generators stop working, an air sample is taken using an aspirator for sampling the Breeze-2 air onto an AFA-HA-20 filter. Suction time 30 min. The air flow rate on the aspirator is about 0.8 dm / min. After air sampling, the filters are analyzed by gas chromatography for the content of enilconazole.

Four Petri dishes with Aspergillus niger culture with a concentration of pathogenic biological agent of 10 ³ (two cups) and 10 ⁶ CFU / cup (two cups) are placed on a table in the center of the test room.

After starting the product, open Petri dishes are exposed for 4 hours, after which the Petri dishes are closed and transferred to the microbiological laboratory, where they are incubated in a thermostat at a temperature of (22.5 ± 2.5) ° С for 7 days. After 7 days, the formed colonies are studied, vegetative and sporogenizing activity of the mycelium is noted. As a control, use Petri dishes with a concentration of Aspergillus niger 10 ³ CFU / cup, which are incubated identically experienced.

The test results are shown in table 1.

As follows from table 1, the localized colonies of Aspergillus niger, which sprouted on a nutrient medium, did not grow, remained small and did not reach the stage of spore formation.

Example 2

In a tin smoke generator with a volume of about 650 ml, equipped with a fuse, which is used as a match, put 300 g of a mixture of enilconazole - barium salt of azoformic acid, taken in a ratio of 1: 9. For testing, a room with a volume of 100 m ³ equipped with a floor fan is used. One product is set on fire when the fan is on, the generator runs for 60 seconds. The measured value of the temperature of the smoke stream was 254 ° C. After the generator stops working, an air sample is taken using an aspirator for sampling Breeze-2 air onto an AFA-HA-20 filter. Suction time 30 min. The air flow rate on the aspirator is about 0.8 dm ³ / min. After air sampling, the filters are analyzed by gas chromatography. The content of enilconazole in the air of the treated room was 123 mg / m ³ (room temperature 21 ° C).

Biological testing of the claimed composition is carried out in a test room equipped with a floor fan to remove the resulting aerosol.

Four Petri dishes with Aspergillus niger culture with a concentration of pathogenic biological agent of 10 ³ and 10 ⁶ CFU / cup are placed on a table in the center of the test room.

After starting the product, open Petri dishes are exposed for 4 hours, after which they are closed and transferred to a microbiological laboratory, where they are incubated in a thermostat at a temperature of (22.5 ± 2.5) ° С for 7 days.

After 7 days, the formed colonies are studied, noting the vegetative and sporogenizing activity of the mycelium.

Control - Petri dishes with a concentration of Aspergillus niger 10 ³ CFU / cup, which are incubated, identically experienced.

As follows from table 2, the localized colonies of Aspergillus niger, which sprouted on a nutrient medium, did not grow, remained small and did not reach the stage of spore formation.

Example 3

The experiment is carried out as in example 2, but enilconazole and barium salt of azomoformic acid are used in a ratio of 1: 5. The content of enilconazole in the air in the test room with a volume of 100 m ³ is 132 mg / m ³ (room temperature 21 ° C), after 4 hours of exposure - 118.0 mg / m ³ . The temperature of the smoke stream is 260 ° C.

Biological testing is also carried out analogously to example 2.

The results are shown in table 3.

As follows from table 3, the localized colonies of Aspergillus niger, which sprouted on a nutrient medium, did not reach the stage of spore formation, remained small and did not grow.

Example 4

The product of Example 2 is used, but a bridge electric igniter is used for initiation. After applying an electrical impulse, the product lasts 32 seconds. The content of enilconazole in the air is 28 mg / m ³ (after working off one product in a test room with a volume of 100 m ³ ). The temperature of the gas stream is 256 ° C.

Example 5

The experiment is carried out analogously to example 2, but using a mixture containing enilconazole and barium salt of azomoformic acid in a ratio of 1: 4. In this case, the product lasts 4 seconds, after which the generation of aerosol stops. The temperature of the gas stream is 262 ° C. The content of enilconazole in the air in the test room with a volume of 100 m ³ was 2.5 mg / m ³ at a room temperature of 20 ° C.

Thus, when using a mixture containing enilconazole and a barium salt of azomoformic acid in a ratio of 1: 4, the exothermic reaction is unstable and quickly attenuates.

Example 6

The experiment is carried out analogously to example 2, but using a mixture containing enilconazole and barium salt of azomoformic acid in a ratio of 1:12. The operation of the generator is accompanied by intensive generation of aerosol, the operation time of the product is 12 seconds. The content of enilconazole in the aerosol in the test room with a volume of 100 m ³ was 61.5 mg / m ³ at a room temperature of 20 ° C.

However, when using a mixture in which the ratio of enilconazole to barium salt of azoformic acid exceeds 1:10, a large number of particles of the mixture are emitted with the smoke generated.

Thus, the test results of the claimed invention described above, allow us to conclude that the proposed composition:

- It will help to effectively protect the objects of veterinary supervision from molds, and therefore to expand the range of effective compositions for producing fungicidal smoke based on enilconazole;

- safe because generated fungicidal smoke has a low temperature;

- provides minimal oxidation of expensive enilconazole, because the process takes place at low temperature;

- forms steady smoke;

- the generated smoke does not contain toxic impurities, because during the exothermic decomposition of the barium salt of azoformic acid, only nitrogen is formed.

Claims (1)

Composition for producing fungicidal smoke, characterized in that it contains enilconazole or its salt and barium salt of azomoformic acid in the following ratio of ingredients, wt. hours: enilconazole or its salt: barium salt of azomoformic acid - 1: 5-1: 10.