RU2714624C1 - Wheeled amphibious hydroplane - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to water transport and can be used for high-speed vessels year-round operation. Wheeled amphibian-type propulsor comprises housing coated with wear-resistant hard plastic for sliding on water, ice and snow coating, power plant and control station. Hydroplane is equipped with propulsion-steering complex consisting of one or several amphibious wheel propellers (AWP) representing universal wheel including inner and outer disk with blades along perimeter in form of bucket-like recesses and separately controlled rotary drive.

EFFECT: higher efficiency and reliability of the amphibious hydroplane during operation.

6 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to water transport and can be used in the design, construction and operation of amphibious vessels.

A known design of amphibious hovercraft (SVP).

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0 % B7% D0% B4% D1% 83% D1% 88% D0% BD% D0% BE% D0% B9_% D0% BF% D0% BE% D0% B4% D1% 83% D1% 88% D0% BA % D0% B5

Disadvantages of amphibious SVP:

1. The relatively high construction cost and the cost of operation. This is due to the complex design, increased fuel costs and the maintenance of a flexible air cushion fence that has a limited life or breaks when moving along hummocks.

2. Low impact on the stop of the air propulsion device (2-3 kg / kW of input power), to compensate for which increased power of the power plant is required. When moving against the wind, unlike vessels with water propulsion, wind speed is subtracted from the speed of the vessel. The maximum wind for the operation of hovercraft is 12-15 m / s.

3. The lack of contact with the supporting surface makes the vessel poorly controlled and unsafe when moving at high speed.

4. High noise propulsion - propellers and air blowers in the airspace.

A known design of ekranoplanes - amphibious vessels using a dynamic air cushion when moving.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0 % BD - Wikipedia. These devices repeat all the shortcomings of the SVP associated with the use of air propulsion. In addition, having an aircraft design and high cruising speed, ekranoplanes have a number of specific disadvantages.

Disadvantages of WIG:

1. Low maneuverability. An ekranoplan, like an airplane, must create a centripetal force to change the direction of movement, the wing being its only source. With a flight altitude of the order of a fraction of the wing chord, the possible rolls are very small, and the turning radii are too large.

2. The control of the ekranoplan differs from the control of a ship or aircraft and requires specific skills. Pilot error often leads to disaster.

3. At the start of the ekranoplan, greater thrust-weight ratio, comparable to that of a transport aircraft, and, accordingly, the use of additional starting engines that are not involved in the marching mode (for large ekranoplanes), or special starting modes for the main engines, which leads to additional fuel consumption.

4. One of the serious obstacles to the regular operation of ekranoplanes is that the routes of their proposed flights (along the rivers) very precisely coincide with the zones of maximum concentration of the population and birds that do not tolerate aircraft noise.

A known design of airboats - amphibious boats that use for gliding on water, snow and ice the bottom, covered with "scales" - strips of sheet high molecular weight polyethylene and propellers as propulsors. For example the Patrol airboat:

https://www.amfibia.ru/garage/snowmobile-4-doors

Advantages of air lifts:

1. Better controllability due to constant contact with the supporting surface.

2. Increased reliability of the design of the bottom when moving on a sludge and hummocks.

The disadvantages of airplanes:

1. Low recoil on propeller stop.

2. High fuel consumption per 1 km of track.

3. High noise of powerful engines and propellers.

The purpose of this technical solution is to increase the efficiency and reliability of the amphibious glider during operation, both on the surface of the water and on a solid surface.

1. This goal is achieved by the fact that the amphibious glider containing a body adapted to glide over water, ice and snow, a power plant, a control station, as an option air wings, is equipped with a propulsion-steering complex consisting of one or more amphibious wheel propulsors (AKD), which is a universal wheel, including an internal and external disk with blades around the perimeter in the form of bucket-shaped recesses and having a separately controlled drive.

The invention "Wheel amphibious glider"

illustrated by the drawing, where on

FIG. 1. CAG option 1, side view;

FIG. 2. KAG option 1, top view;

FIG. 3. KAG option 1, section AA;

FIG. 4. CAG option 2, side view;

FIG. 5. CAG option 2, top view;

FIG. 6. KAG option 3, longitudinal section;

FIG. 7. KAG option 3, deck plan;

FIG. 8. KAG option 3, cross section.

Wheel amphibious glider (KAG) - a vessel or boat designed to move on water in the displacement mode or planing mode, as well as slide on ice and snow using universal paddle wheels - the Amphibious wheeled propulsion device (ACG).

Wheel amphibious glider structurally can be made in three versions:

Option 1.

KAG-1. An amphibious wheeled propeller is mounted on the aft transom of the glider.

Option 2

KAG-2. An amphibious wheel mover is installed along the sides of the glider.

Option 3

KAG-3. An amphibious wheeled glider has air discharge wings with floats at their ends, in which amphibious wheel propulsors are installed.

The amphibious wheel glider consists of a planing body 1, covered on the bottom and sides with “scales” 2 of wear-resistant elastic sheet material on top of air cylinders 3, power plant 4, crew rooms and passengers 5, optionally, air wings 6, propulsion and steering complex AKD, including one or more amphibious wheeled propulsors 7 with separately controlled drive 8, lifting and loading device 9 and bumpers 10.

Work Wheel amphibious glider.

1. The mode of movement on water.

In swimming mode, body 1 of the KAG will be immersed in water for sediment corresponding to displacement. At the same time, for AKD 7, an immersion of 25-30% of the diameter is set due to the differentiation of the vessel and the lifting and loading device 8. At the beginning of movement at 20-40 rpm, the AKD operates in the propeller wheel mode of a displacement vessel and develops a maximum emphasis per unit of power ( up to 20 kg / kW). Having reached a ship gliding speed of 20-30 km / h and a speed of 100-200 rpm, the AKD, together with the hull, under the action of hydrodynamic forces, leaves the water to immerse 5-10% of the diameter. With increasing speed, the wheel slip will decrease, and the efficiency will increase. In addition, a significant lifting force will appear on the wheel, which will provide reliable contact with the surface and a decrease in resistance to movement. At the maximum speed of the vessel, the AKD will slide along the water, discarding water at each moment in time with two to six scoop blades in contact with the water in the direction opposite to the vessel’s movement, similar to a water jet propulsion. To reduce losses, a mudguard 10 in the form of a wing, which is attached to the hull of the vessel, can be installed behind the wheel. For multi-ton planes, designed for speeds of 100 km or more or more, it is advisable to use air wings that can create a lifting force of up to 30% of the displacement due to the screen effect.

2. Driving on ice and snow

When moving on ice and snow, the glider’s hull 1 will slide with scales 2 over the surface, and the AKD 7 will work like a car wheel, but with a partial load from the weight of the vessel, which is regulated by the lifting and loading device 8. The spikes along the perimeter of the wheel will provide adhesion to the ice surface . On smooth ice, the vessel will have a minimum resistance and a speed of 1.5-2 times higher than on water (according to the experience of airboats).

3. Management of the Wheel amphibious glider.

3.1. KAG according to option 1 is controlled by AKD, which has the ability to rotate around a vertical axis, like an outboard boat motor.

3.2. KAG according to option 2 and 3 is controlled by AKD mounted on the sides, symmetrically with respect to the PD, and having a separately controlled drive like a tracked vehicle.

Amphibious wheel gliders due to new structural and architectural solutions will have a number of new operational qualities:

1. Due to constant contact with the supporting surface, effective controllability in forward and reverse gears, reduction in drift when turning at speed, increased vehicle dynamics (acceleration - braking), increased maneuverability and safety will be ensured;

2. Low level of external noise and noise in inhabited premises;

3. High efficiency and reduced environmental load on the environment, due to the reduced (about 3 times in comparison with airboats) specific power of the power plant, the properties of AKD, as a surface mover;

4. Independent suspension AKD in the form of a lifting and loading device 9 provides movement of the glider on rough seas and on uneven terrain;

5. The adjustable load of the AKD contact with the supporting surface provides optimal traction and overcoming slopes in the snow of more than 10 °;

6. With an increase in the speed of the glider, in accordance with the viscous properties of water, the slip will decrease and the efficiency of the wheels will increase;

7. When driving on water at maximum speed on the AKD, a lifting force will arise and to maintain traction, it will be necessary to press the wheels against the surface of the water using a lifting and loading device 9, which will reduce drag;

8. AKD and its electric or hydraulic drive 7 has a design that is insensitive to water splashes, glaciation, in contrast to the propeller;

9. Wheel amphibious glider can be operated year-round, does not require berths;

10. The option of a glider with air unloading, which at maximum speed (more than 100 km / h) can take up to 30% of the displacement plus the lifting force of the AKD (up to 20% of the displacement), may be the most effective;

11. In comparison with the existing SVP and SPK, the amphibious wheeled wheel glider due to energy efficiency and year-round operation will have a specific carrying capacity higher by about 3-4 times, and the range is doubled.

Claims (6)

1. Wheel amphibious glider, comprising a housing coated with a wear-resistant durable pastmass for sliding on water, ice and snow, a power plant, a control station, characterized in that it is equipped with a propulsion and steering complex consisting of one or more amphibious wheeled propulsors (AKD ), which is a universal wheel, including an internal and external disk with blades around the perimeter in the form of bucket-shaped recesses and a rotation drive separately controlled from the console. 2. Wheel amphibious glider according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a lifting and loading device for setting the position of the AKD in height. 3. Wheel amphibious glider according to claim 1, characterized in that to reduce losses during movement on water it is equipped with a splash guard in the form of a wing, which is attached to the hull of the vessel aft AKD. 4. Wheel amphibious glider according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains AKD pivotally mounted on the stern transom using a lifting and loading device. 5. Wheel amphibious glider according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains two AKD wheels mounted on the sides of the glider housing and having a separately controlled drive. 6. Wheel amphibious glider according to claim 1, characterized in that it has air discharge wings with floats at their ends, in which AKD wheels are installed, having a separately controlled drive.

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