RU2714431C2 - Jaw crusher of impact-crushing action with high degree of crushing and active unloading of crushed material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: crushing or grinding of various materials.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to means of crushing and grinding materials and can be used, for example, in processing or beneficiation of minerals in mining, construction or chemical industry. Jaw crusher comprises housing, bed, fixed and movable jaws with recess on latter, flywheel, moving jaw hinged joint axis, eccentric shaft, con-rod, spacer plates, V-belt drive, electric motor, hinged joints of connection of connecting rod with spacer plates and hinged joints of connection of spacer plates with movable jaw and support wall of the frame. Crusher housing towards fixed jaw is inclined from vertical axis, equal to 10°, wherein crushing surfaces of movable and fixed jaws in upper chamber have equal angles of inclination to horizon, equal to 78°, and the lower end of the fixed jaw has a bend to the vertical axis in the outer side at the level of the movable jaw suspension axis at angle of 158°. Movable jaw bottom end located below suspension axis and made straight without bending has same inclination angle to horizon 78°, as its upper part is above suspension axis.

EFFECT: inclination of the crusher housing and execution of the lower end of the movable jaw without bending makes it possible to activate the unloading process of the crushed material, which, in its turn, increases productivity of the grinding process by 12–15 %.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mining, processing and mineral processing and can be used in mining, construction (production of crushed stone and cement) and the chemical industry.

Jaw crushers provide the maximum crushing (crushing) force on the crushed material compared to all other crushers, so they are indispensable for crushing strong, large, abrasive materials. As a result, at enrichment plants and plants for the production of crushed stone, cement, jaw crushers are installed in the head of the production process, at the first stage of crushing, where the highest crushing forces are required [1].

Along with its main advantage - to develop high crushing forces, jaw crushers have three significant drawbacks: a low degree of crushing, a cyclic mode of operation and a small horizontal stroke of the movable cheek at the level of loading of the crusher with the source material, which significantly reduces the efficiency of the crusher.

To address these shortcomings, several inventions were proposed (RF patent No. 2347616, No. 2458740, No. 2539505). The most promising crusher is a jaw crusher according to patent No. 2539505, in which static and dynamic loads are combined to create a crushing force. Therefore, this crusher is taken as a prototype of the invention.

But tests of the experimental sample made according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2539505 established the presence of high resistances when unloading crushed material from the crusher, which reduces the productivity of the crusher. This is due to the high coefficient of friction of the material on the surface of the lower end of the movable cheek, with an insufficient angle of inclination to the horizon, due to the presence of a bend on it towards the fixed cheek.

The aim of the present invention is to increase the productivity of a jaw crusher with a high degree of crushing of the shock-crushing action by developing a crusher design in which the angle of inclination of the lower end of the movable cheek to the horizon at the time of unloading of crushed material is increased by eliminating the bending on it and tilting the crusher body by 10 ° to the side motionless cheeks.

Analytical studies have found that to ensure active unloading of crushed material, the optimum angle of inclination of the lower end of the movable cheek at the time of unloading of crushed material is an angle of 78 ° to the horizontal. It can be achieved if the crusher body is tilted 10 ° from the vertical axis towards the fixed cheek and the surface of the lower end of the movable cheek is straight, i.e. without bending. In this case, the lower end of the fixed cheek below the axis of the suspension 3 should have a bend at an angle of 158 ° to the vertical axis of the crusher.

The invention is illustrated by the drawing of FIG. 1.

The object of the invention is achieved in that the crusher body has an inclination of 10 ° from the vertical axis towards the fixed cheek, creating equal angles of inclination of the crushing surfaces of the movable and fixed cheeks in both chambers equal to 78 ° to the horizontal and a bend of the lower end of the fixed cheek at an angle of 158 ° to the vertical axis to the outside at the level of the suspension axis of the movable cheek, and the lower end of the movable cheek below the axis of its suspension is made straight without bending and has the same angle of inclination to the horizon 78 ° as its upper part above the suspension axis, providing active unloading of crushed material.

The proposed jaw crusher of shock-crushing action with a high degree of crushing and active unloading of crushed material consists of a fixed cheek 1, a movable cheek 2, a suspension axis of the movable cheek 3, a connecting rod 4, spacer plates 5 and 6, a thrust wall of the frame 7, a flywheel 8, an eccentric shaft 9, electric motor 10, V-belt drive 11, articulated joints 12, 13, 14, 15, recesses in the movable jaw 16, boot opening 17, discharge gap 18.

The fixed cheek 1 at the level of the suspension axis 3 of the movable cheek 2 has a bend to the outside at an angle of 158 ° from the vertical axis. Suspension axis 3 divides the crusher into upper and lower chambers. The movable cheek 2 above the axis of the suspension 3 has a recess 16 on the inside, which is necessary to prevent clogging of the crusher when the material moves from the upper chamber to the lower one.

The crusher body has a slope of 10 ° from the vertical axis to the side of the fixed cheek, this allows you to increase the slope of the crushing cheeks to 78 ° to the horizontal in both chambers, which significantly increases the speed of passage of crushed material through the crusher and increases the productivity of the crusher by 12-15%.

The movable cheek 2 is suspended on an axis 3, which is fixed in bearings installed in the side walls of the crusher bed at a height equal to 1/3 of its length from the bottom. The angle of capture of the crusher is 22 °.

Crusher works as follows.

The source material is fed through the feed opening 17 into the upper coarse crushing chamber. The movable cheek 2 is set in motion, receiving force from an eccentric mechanism, which includes a flywheel 8, a connecting rod 4, and spacer plates 5 and 6. The flywheel receives rotational movement from an electric motor 10 through a V-belt drive 11.

When the connecting rod 4 moves upward, the angle between the spacer plates decreases, and the spacer 5 with great effort pulls the upper end of the movable cheek 2 from the stationary one. At this moment, the lower end of the movable cheek in the lower chamber approaches the stationary cheek and finely crushes it by crushing the material. In this case, the crushing force will be maximum, because a lever of the first kind is used, which is formed by the lengths of the movable cheek above and below the axis of the suspension, and the ratio of the lengths of the movable cheek above and below the axis of the suspension is 3: 1. The greater this difference in the length of the sections of the movable cheek, the more pressure will be created on the crushing material.

This is the advantage of the crusher, which allows you to overcome the large-scale factor. The essence of the scale factor [1] lies in the fact that the specific strength of the pieces with their decrease increases. And since the size of the pieces in the lower chamber is approximately 5 times smaller than in the upper chamber, it is necessary to create a greater crushing force in the lower chamber than in the upper chamber.

When the connecting rod 4 moves down, the angle between the expansion plates 5 and 6 increases to 170 °, and the connecting rod creates powerful pressure on both expansion plates. The spacer plate 6 abuts against a fixed bed and cannot move in a horizontal plane. The spacer plate 5 abuts against the upper end of the movable cheek 2 and, moving in a horizontal plane, towards the stationary cheek 1 with great effort, brings the movable cheek closer to the stationary one. At the moment of convergence of the crushing cheeks in the upper chamber there is a large crushing of the material by the crushing method.

At this moment, the crushed material is unloaded in the lower chamber, since the lower end of the movable cheek is maximally removed from the stationary cheek.

Thus, the proposed crusher operates in a constant mode (without idling), alternately crushes the material, then in the upper or in the lower chamber. In this case, the total degree of crushing will be equal to the product of the degrees of crushing in both chambers. If we take the degree of crushing in both chambers 5 (as with most modern jaw crushers), then the total degree of crushing will be i = 5⋅5 = 25.

The proposed crusher can be used for crushing ores of a wide range of strengths from soft and brittle to very hard and viscous, since in both chambers the principle of the lever action is used, which allows creating high crushing forces. In the upper chamber, a lever of the second kind, created by the connecting rod and spacer plates, and in the lower chamber, a lever of the first kind, created by the upper and lower parts of the movable cheek.

The upper chamber in the proposed crusher has similarities with the known design of the crusher according to the Dodge scheme [2], where the suspension axis of the movable cheek is installed at the bottom. But the Dodge crusher was not widely used in industry, due to the lack of horizontal movement of the movable cheek in the lower part of the crushing chamber, which leads to frequent clogging of the crusher.

The design of the proposed crusher differs significantly from the Dodge scheme in that the movable cheek has a sufficient horizontal stroke above the suspension axis, which ensures the crushing of the material to the required size when it passes from the upper chamber to the lower one. The horizontal stroke of the movable cheek at the point of transition of the material from the upper chamber to the lower one depends on the length L of the distance from the center of the suspension axis of the movable cheek to the upper edge of the recess on it. With an increase in this distance, the horizontal stroke increases, which increases the degree of crushing and ensures the transition of material from the upper chamber to the lower. But this increases the energy consumption. Therefore, the dyne L for each material is determined experimentally, the stronger the material, the smaller should be the length L, providing the necessary length of levers that create the necessary crushing force. In addition, the movable cheek below the point of transition of the material into the lower chamber has a recess 16 with a radius of at least two diameters of the largest pieces coming from the upper chamber, and the angle of inclination of the surface of the lower end of the movable cheek is 78 ° to the horizon, which ensures high discharge speed approaching the speed of gravity.

Therefore, cases of clogging the crusher with certified performance are excluded.

The principal difference between the recommended jaw crusher and the known jaw crushers is that the crusher body has a slope of 10 ° from the vertical axis towards the fixed cheek, the same angle of inclination of the crushing surfaces of the movable and fixed cheeks in the upper chamber is 78 ° to the horizontal, and the lower end of the fixed bend the cheeks at an angle of 158 ° to the vertical axis to the outside at the level of the suspension axis of the movable cheek, and the lower end of the movable cheek below the suspension axis is made straight without bending, having the same angle to the horizontal, and then its upper part, above the suspension axis.

Literature

1. Andreev E.E., Tikhonov O.N. Crushing, grinding, screening and preparation of raw materials for enrichment. Publishing House of St. Petersburg State Technical University, St. Petersburg, 2007

2. Klushantsev B.V., Kosarev A.I., Muizemnek Yu.A. Crushers, structures, calculation, operation features. M .: Engineering, 1990

Claims (1)

A shock crushing jaw crusher with a high degree of crushing and active unloading of crushed material having a bed, a fixed and movable cheek with a recess on the latter, a flywheel, an axis of articulated suspension of the movable cheek, supported in the lower part by bearings on the side walls of the bed, an eccentric shaft, a connecting rod , spacer plates, V-belt drive, electric motor, hinge joints for connecting the connecting rod to the spacer plates and hinge joints for connecting the spacer plates with the movable cheek and the thrust wall of the bed, about characterized in that the crusher body has an inclination of 10 ° from the vertical axis towards the fixed cheek, creating equal angles of inclination of the crushing surfaces of the movable and fixed cheeks in the upper chamber, equal to 78 ° to the horizontal, and bending the lower end of the fixed cheek at an angle of 158 ° to the vertical axis to the outside at the level of the suspension axis of the movable cheek, and the lower end of the movable cheek below the axis of its suspension is made straight, without bending and has the same angle of inclination to the horizon 78 ° as its upper part above the axis of the suspension.

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