RU2603919C1 - Jaw crusher with high degree of grinding and efficiency - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to jaw crushers and may be used in mining and construction industries. Jaw crusher comprises bed, fixed and movable jaws, flywheel, moving jaw suspension axis in its lower part, supporting by bearings on bed side walls, eccentric shaft, crank rod, spacer plates, V-belt drive, electric motor, hinged joints spacer plates connection with crank rod, bed and moving jaw. At that, fixed and moving jaws are bent in lower part at angle of 150° towards fixed jaw, and eccentric shaft cam is increased to value, providing at each cycle of crank rod motion up and down double reduction of angle between spacer plates to 180° with continuation of its movement further to both sides on 9-10°.

EFFECT: jaw crusher allows twice increase quantity of crushing movements of movable jaw, crusher performance.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mining, processing and mineral processing and can be used in the mining industry for the production of crushed stone and cement.

Compared to other crushers, jaw crushers create the greatest crushing pressure on the crushed material, therefore they are indispensable for crushing strong, large abrasive materials. As a result, in ore dressing plants and crushed stone and cement factories, jaw crushers are installed at the beginning of the production process, at the first stage of crushing, where the highest crushing pressure of large strong pieces of source material is necessary, because the productivity of the whole production depends on their stable operation.

Jaw crushers with a simple swing of the moving cheek are considered typical, since all domestic and foreign crushers with a simple swing of the cheek have a similar design and differ only in the dimensions of the parts and some not fundamental structural changes of individual nodes [1]. The principle of operation is also similar: when the eccentric shaft rotates, the connecting rod receives reciprocating movements in the vertical plane, which are transmitted to the movable cheek with the help of spacer plates. The angle between the spacer plates is constantly changing, let's call it the angle of expansion of the plates.

But all jaw crushers have a low degree of crushing within i = 4-6 and a cyclic mode of operation. Due to the low degree of crushing in production, where fine crushing is required, three or even four stages of crushing are used [2]. This dramatically increases the cost of the crushing process, due to the operation of a large number of crushers and high power consumption.

To simplify multi-stage crushing schemes in the mining industry, several jaw crushers with a high degree of crushing have been proposed.

Known double crusher jaw crusher (patent RU No. 2347616, publ. Bull. No. 6, 2009), in which the degree of crushing is 5 times greater than the degree of crushing of typical crushers, but the principle of the lever action is violated in it, therefore, it can crush only soft fragile materials.

Known jaw crusher with a high degree of crushing (patent RU No. 2458740, publ. Bull. No. 23, 2012), in which the degree of crushing is 5 times greater than the degree of crushing of typical crushers and uses the lever principle in both chambers. Therefore, it provides crushing of durable materials with a high degree of crushing, but this crusher has no advantages over typical crushers in terms of productivity.

Known jaw crusher shock-crushing action with a high degree of crushing (patent RU No. 2539505, publ. Bull. No. 2, 2015), which is intended for crushing high-strength materials, but this crusher also has no advantages over typical crushers.

Due to the fact that the last crusher has a commonality of structural units, we take it as a prototype.

In jaw crushers with a simple swing of the cheek, productivity is constrained by the fact that with one turn of the eccentric shaft, the connecting rod performs one cycle of up and down movement. At the same time, one connecting rod is expanded to a ≈170 ° angle. It is at this moment that the maximum crushing pressure arises between the crushing cheeks, which crushes the starting material.

It is quite logical, if you design such a crusher mechanism, in which, with one cycle of the connecting rod up and down, twice the maximum compression of the material between the crushing cheeks occurs, then the crusher productivity will increase by 2 times.

The aim of the present invention is to develop the design of a jaw crusher for crushing durable abrasive materials with a high degree of crushing and productivity exceeding the productivity of known jaw crushers.

According to the invention, the goal is achieved by the fact that in the design of the new crusher the eccentricity of the eccentric shaft is increased, which provides an increase in the stroke of the connecting rod up and down in the vertical plane, which increases the angle of contact between the spacer plates up to 180 ° with the continuation of its movement further as up and down by 9-10 °, which doubles the number of crushing movements of the movable cheek in both chambers and, as a result, the work and productivity of the crusher are doubled. It was experimentally established that the maximum compression of the material located between the crushing jaws of the crusher occurs when the angle between the spacer plates reaches 180 °, but to complete each crushing movement of the movable cheek, it is necessary to continue increasing the angle between the spacer plates by another 9-10 °. In this case, the spacer plates must have the same length, and both ends must be provided with hinges with a swing angle of at least 90 °, capable of working in compression and tension.

Due to the increased eccentricity of the eccentric shaft, when the connecting rod moves upwards, the maximum expansion of the plates will occur at an angle of 180 ° and the maximum crushing pressure will arise between the crushing cheeks. As the connecting rod continues to move up, the angle between the spacer plates will begin to decrease and the crushing pressure between the cheeks will decrease. After the connecting rod reaches the upper point, it will begin to fall down, while the angle between the spacer plates will begin to increase and will again reach 180 °, but now when the connecting rod moves down.

Thus, with an increase in the eccentric of the eccentric shaft to a value at which the connecting rod each time it moves up and down doubles the angle between the spacer plates to 180 °, it doubles the number of crushing movements of the movable cheek and, as a result, increases twice the performance of the crusher.

In this case, the spacer plates must be equal in length, and both ends of the spacer plates must have hinges with a swing angle of at least 90 °, capable of working under compression and tension.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing (Fig. 1).

The proposed jaw crusher with a high degree of crushing and performance consists of a fixed cheek 1, a movable cheek 2, a connecting rod 3, a flywheel 4, spacer plates 5 and 6, a bed 7, an eccentric shaft 8, a node 9 of a swivel joint of the spacer plate with a movable cheek, a node 10 swivel joint of the spacer plate 6 with the bed 7, nodes 11 of the swivel connection of the connecting rod with spacer plates, an electric motor 12, a V-belt drive 13, the suspension axis of the movable cheek 14, the loading hole with the starting material 15 and the discharge hole are crushed th product 16.

Both crushing cheeks below the suspension axis of the movable cheek have a bend towards the fixed cheek at an angle of 150 ° to the vertical. The suspension axis divides the crusher into upper and lower chambers. The movable cheek 2 opposite the suspension axis 14 has a recess 17 on the inside with a depth equal to at least two diameters of the largest pieces entering the lower chamber. This recess prevents the crusher from clogging when the material moves from the upper chamber to the lower chamber.

The fixed cheek 1 is fixed vertically in the frame of the crusher 7. The movable cheek 2 is suspended on an axis 14, which is fixed in bearings installed in the side walls of the bed, at a height from below equal to ¼ of its length.

Crusher works as follows.

The source material is fed through the feed opening 15 into the upper chamber of the crusher. The movable cheek 2 is set in motion, receiving force from an eccentric mechanism, which includes a flywheel 4, an eccentric shaft 8, a connecting rod 3, spacer plates 5 and 6. The flywheel receives rotational movement from an electric motor 12 through a V-belt drive 13.

When the connecting rod 3 moves upward, the angle between the spacer plates 5 and 6 increases. In this case, the spacer plate 6 abuts against one end of the connecting rod 3 and the other to the fixed bed 7. The spacer plate 5 abuts one end of the connecting rod 3 and the other end to the upper end of the movable cheek 2. Therefore, under the influence of the enormous pressure of the spacer plate 5, the upper the end of the movable cheek 2 approaches the fixed cheek 1. At this moment, large crushing occurs in the upper chamber. At the same time, the lower end of the movable cheek 2 in the lower chamber is removed from the stationary cheek 1. In this case, the discharge opening 16 is increased and the crushed product is discharged from the lower chamber under the influence of gravitational force.

The maximum pressure on crushed material is achieved at the moment when the angle between the spacer plates becomes equal to 180 °. With further movement of the connecting rod 3 upward, the angle between the spacer plates will begin to decrease and the pressure on the material in the upper chamber will begin to decrease. But at the same time, the lower end of the movable cheek will begin to approach the stationary cheek in the lower chamber. At the moment when the angle between the spacer plates reaches the minimum value, in the lower chamber the movable cheek 2 will approach the stationary cheek 1 at a minimum distance and create maximum pressure on the crushed material. At this point, fine crushing occurs in the lower chamber.

The connecting rod 3, having reached its upper position, will begin to fall down. In this case, the angle between the spacer plates 5 and 6 will begin to increase. At the moment when the angle between the spacer plates reaches 180 °, in the upper chamber again the movable cheek will create maximum pressure on the crushed material, but already when the connecting rod moves down. At this time, in the lower chamber, the movable cheek will be removed from the stationary cheek to the maximum distance and crushed material will be unloaded from it under the influence of gravitational force.

As a result of this, with one cycle of movement of the connecting rod 3 up and down, the movable cheek 2 makes two crushing movements towards the stationary cheek 1 in the upper and lower chambers. Consequently, the movable cheek will perform twice as much material crushing work as in typical jaw crushers, as a result of which the crusher productivity will also double.

If we take the degree of crushing in both chambers of the proposed crusher equal to 5 (as in typical jaw crushers), then the total degree of crushing of the new crusher will be i _total = 5 · 5 = 25.

Thus, the proposed jaw crusher works without idling, alternately crushing in the upper or lower chamber, has a high degree of crushing (5 times greater compared to typical jaw crushers) and high productivity (2 times greater compared to with typical jaw crushers).

In addition, in both chambers, when crushing, the principle of the lever action is used: in the upper chamber created by the connecting rod and spacer plates (second-order lever), in the lower chamber - by the shoulders of the moving cheek above the suspension axis and below the suspension axis (first-type lever). This reduces the load on the rotating parts of the crusher, and the absence of a vertical component of the movement of the crushed material at the time of crushing increases the service life.

There is no doubt that the indicated technical and technological advantages of the proposed crusher when it is introduced into production will ensure its high competitiveness.

Literature

1. Klushantsev B.V., Kosarev A.I., Muizemnek Yu.A. Crushers, designs, calculation, operation features. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1990.

2. Andreev E.E., Tikhonov O.N. Crushing, grinding and preparation of raw materials for enrichment. - St. Petersburg .: St. Petersburg State Technical University, 2007.

Claims (1)

A jaw crusher with a high degree of crushing and productivity, containing a bed, a fixed and movable cheek with a recess on the latter, curved in the lower part at an angle of 150 ° towards the fixed cheek, a flywheel, the suspension axis of the movable cheek in its lower part, supported by bearings on the side walls beds, eccentric shaft, connecting rod, spacer plates, V-belt drive, electric motor, articulated knots for connecting the spacer plates to the connecting rod, bed and movable cheek, characterized in that the eccentric of the eccentric shaft is personal to the value at which, with each cycle of the connecting rod up and down, the angle between the spacer plates doubles up to 180 ° with the continuation of its movement further in both directions by 9-10 ° to double the number of crushing movements of the movable cheek, work and crusher performance.

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