RU2713626C1 - Polarized electromagnet - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the electrical equipment. In polarized electromagnet with serial magnetic circuit, rotary armature is made on one side "active", containing permanent magnet with pole tip, and on the other side – containing "passive" element with pole tip with possibility of simultaneous and coordinated use of attracting forces of pole tips of armature on the side without magnet, and repulsive forces of pole tips of armature from side with magnet. Pole tips are arranged equidistantly and parallel to the rotational axis located parallel to the winding located on the middle part of the H-shaped magnetic conductor, so that armature is pulled only to one of two sides of H-shaped magnetic conductor, pole armature tips contain their own rotation axes and are made with possibility of self-mounting on magnetic conductor poles in end positions, armature and magnetic conductor are connected with possibility of armature stroke magnitude adjustment.

EFFECT: wider field of use of a magnetic system of a polarized electromagnet with simultaneous universality of design for both double-stable design, and a single-stable polarized long-wave electromagnet with self-return.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The claimed technical solution relates to the field of low-voltage electric devices, in particular to magnetic systems of polarized switching devices, and can be used in the design of relays or contactors with increased strokes for increased voltages, or, for example, to create various releases for circuit breakers subjected to shock and vibrating external influences.

A huge number of structural schemes of magnetic circuits of polarized magnetic systems are known, described in various literature [for example, 1-6, 8, etc.], and which are analogues. Traditionally, authors in all information sources, depending on the desired result, prefer parallel (differential) or bridge circuits of magnetic circuits.

However, all parallel and bridge circuits of magnetic circuits have a common drawback - the impossibility or limitation of increasing the working stroke of the armature in the given dimensions, because ampere-turns of operation always depend on the size of the working gap [7]. Another feature of differential and bridge circuits of magnetic circuits (and in our case an insurmountable drawback!) Is the presence of a working gap with a polarizing stream passing through it, in which there is at least one of the ends of the armature, always striving to occupy one of the extreme positions in working clearance (stick to one of the poles). This factor determines the initially unstable nature of these devices.

Typically, magnetic systems of switching devices with self-resetting are built on the basis of neutral electromagnets with a rotary or linear armature and a return spring. In order to increase the sensitivity and reduce the level of control signals, self-resetting devices use polarized electromagnets with a differential or bridge circuit. However, as noted above, all of them, by the principle of their operation, are initially bi-stable devices, and to ensure self-return, a special adjustment is required - “predominant tuning”, which leads to structural and technological complications and an increase in operational instability of the parameters, an additional decrease in the already small values working moves. Such systems are applicable only to low-current polarized relays, and to create devices of medium and high power, they are not effective [8]. There are designs of small-sized foreign relays, or, for example, RES8 [6], in which the magnet flux and the control flux do not interact, and the armature self-returns due to the attraction of the armature with a permanent magnet. Therefore, the effect of increasing sensitivity is absent here.

Currently, the design of electromagnetic systems "with a magnetic spring" (see Fig. 3), described in detail in [8], which are also analogues of the claimed technical solution, is becoming increasingly popular. In them, the polarizing flux of a permanent magnet interacts with the control flux in the working gaps, providing an increase in sensitivity. It is believed that structurally these magnetic systems "... have one naturally stable anchor position without the introduction of special adjustment" [8]. However, only the magnetic system with the "active" anchor No. 7 (Fig. 3) and the magnetic system with the "passive" anchor No. 5 (Fig. 3) fully correspond to this statement. For the convenience of analysis and comparison, magnetic systems of polarized electromagnets are usually divided into two types - with “active” and “passive” anchors. “Passive” anchors are soft magnetic steel anchors that do not contain a permanent magnet or winding, i.e. not having their own field. By “active” anchors we mean such anchors that contain a permanent magnet or control winding, i.e. having their own field [7]. In other magnetic systems, the end of the armature, which is in the working gap with the polarizing flux, with all the structural tricks (when triggered, you can constructively partially remove the end of the armature from the coverage of the polarizing flux) still tends to occupy one of the extreme positions, which explains some sticking at return and the need to use non-magnetic gaskets (or return springs) to ensure return in real designs (for example, the relay of maximum current of the series RT12 TU 16-93 IGFR.647612.011, relay series KM company Leach, where the magnetic circuit diagram corresponds to the magnetic system No. 1 (Fig. 3), or the actuator of the personnel safety relay series RBP 200 TU 3425-153-00216823-2005, where the magnetic circuit diagram corresponds to the magnetic system No. 2 (Fig. 3 ), some Japanese small-sized one-stable polarized relays, where the magnetic circuit diagram corresponds to magnetic system No. 6 or No. 8 (Fig. 3). Some varieties of linear magnetic system No. 10 are used by ABB, Schneider and Moeller in independent releases of circuit breakers, where there is little e sticking at the end of the anchor stroke is even useful, because it folds with the force of the breaking spring).

The self-returning magnetic system No. 5 (Fig. 3) has a parallel magnetic circuit with a “passive” rotary armature, which, when triggered, is only freed from sticking at δ ₁ , but cannot be repelled from it. The left part of the magnetic system No. 5 is a conventional valve electromagnet, therefore, at place 62, the initial efforts at the anchor are very small, and increase only at the end of the turn. This magnetic system has a very small initial moment at anchor and a small stroke.

The self-returning magnetic system No. 7 (Fig. 3) has a sequential magnetic circuit with an “active” rotary armature placed inside the control winding. The anchor at the end of the course closes to a separate independent magnetic circuit. An anchor can have a good moment at the beginning and throughout the course. However, this magnetic system has a small stroke structurally, the anchor is in the winding. Also, the design of a real acceptable design based on the circuit of magnetic circuit No. 7 seems rather complicated. Real designs based on magnetic system No. 7 are not known.

There are many designs of polarized relays with a sequential-type magnetic system and with an “active armature” (the magnet is in the armature) described in detail in [7]. In such a system (Fig. 1a), when the operating voltage is applied to the winding, the active armature is repelled from the poles of the magnetic circuit due to counterpropagating polarizing Ф _п and control Ф _{at the} flows, and returns to its original state (Fig. 1b) after removing the voltage from the winding due to efforts created by one’s own field. In this system, the anchor has one stable position. However, after tripping, the magnetic system becomes open, and to keep the armature in operation, remote from the ends of the magnetic circuit by the magnitude of the stroke, significant MDS is required, which entails an increase in the dimensions and mass of the device. To reduce consumption while holding the armature in the actuated state, a magnetically conducting plate (stop) is often added to the magnetic system (Fig. 2), onto which the armature sticks after operation. In this case, the second stable position of the armature inevitably appears, from which they are rebuilt by the inclusion of a non-magnetic gasket in the working gap, which again leads to a significant decrease in the magnitude of the working stroke. An example is an electromagnetic unstable relay of the REP42-200 type TU 3425-123-00216823-2005 (designed on the basis of REP33-200).

As a prototype, we take the magnetic system closest in technical essence and having the maximum number of common design features - a polarized electromagnet according to patent RU2683575 C1, published on March 29, 2019 bull. No. 10 [7], containing a rotary armature with permanent magnets and pole pieces located equidistant and parallel to the axis of rotation located parallel to the winding located on the middle part of the H-shaped magnetic circuit, so that the armature is drawn only to one of the two sides of H -shaped magnetic circuit, the pole tips of the armature contain their own axis of rotation and are made with the possibility of self-installation on the poles of the magnetic circuit in the final positions, the armature and magnetic circuit are connected to awn adjust the value of the armature stroke. The known magnetic system has a large number of advantages specified in the patent description over all of the above analogues.

The disadvantage of the magnetic system of the prototype is the design of the magnetic system only in a bistable version, somewhat limiting its scope, because the bulk (most) of the various switching devices, relays, starters and contactors manufactured and used are made using a unstable version of magnetic systems. Various trip units, hydraulic valves, compressors, nozzles are also most often designed on unistable magnetic systems.

The aim of the invention is the creation of a polarized electromagnet with a magnetic system that extends the scope of the polarized magnetic system of the prototype while preserving all its advantages (advantages) and allows you to form a universal design on one tool and from the same component parts for both unstable execution and one-stable self-resetting polarized long-stroke electromagnet.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is the expansion of the scope of the magnetic system of a polarized electromagnet with the simultaneous versatility of the design.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in a polarized electromagnet containing a rotary armature with permanent magnets and pole pieces located equidistant and parallel to the axis of rotation located parallel to the winding located on the middle part of the H-shaped magnetic circuit, so that the armature is attracted only to one of the two sides of the H-shaped magnetic circuit, the pole tips of the armature contain their own axis of rotation and are made with the possibility of self-installation on the poles x the magnetic circuit in the final positions, the armature and the magnetic circuit are connected with the possibility of adjusting the value of the armature stroke, the armature is made on the one hand “active”, containing a permanent magnet with pole tips, and on the other hand, containing a “passive” element with pole tips with the possibility of simultaneous and coordinated the use of the attractive forces of the pole pieces of the armature from the side without a magnet, and the repulsive forces of the pole pieces of the armature from the side with a magnet. The anchor can be made linear. The “passive element” of the anchor can be made, for example, in the form of an insert made of a magnetically conductive material or in the form of an integral part of the anchor. The essence of the proposed technical solution is that:

1. By replacing one of the magnets with a magnetically conducting insert (or with an integral part with pole tips), the prototype magnetic system turns into a polarized one-stable system with self-return (or “magnetic spring”), while preserving all the advantages of the prototype.

2. The design of the polarized electromagnet becomes universal, which makes it possible to produce completely different products that perform completely different tasks on the same equipment and from the same components. For example, from the same components of the prototype, the entire gamut of trip units (RN, RMN, MP) for circuit breakers was designed and manufactured, remote switches, bi-stable and unstable relays for increased voltages with high switching ability are designed.

The invention is illustrated by images, where:

in FIG. 1 is a diagram of a known magnetic system with a sequential magnetic circuit and an “active” armature: a) the direction Ф _у to operate; b) Ф _у = 0, the anchor returns due to Ф _п ;

in FIG. 2 is a diagram of a known magnetic system with a sequential magnetic circuit, an “active” armature, a magnetic conductive stop and a non-magnetic gasket: a) the direction Ф _у to operate; b) Ф _у = 0, the anchor returns due to Ф _п ;

in FIG. 3 - constructive schemes No. 1 - No. 10 of magnetic circuits of polarized electromagnets with self-resetting (with a “magnetic spring”), described in [8];

in FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a magnetic circuit of a polarized one-stable long-stroke electromagnet with self-resetting;

in FIG. 5 is a design of a magnetic system of a polarized one-stable long-stroke electromagnet with self-return.

In FIG. 5 adopted the following notation:

1a - permanent magnet (1 pc. In the right part of the anchor in the picture)

16 - magnetically conductive insert (1 pc. In the left part of the anchor in the picture);

2 - pole lugs (4 pcs.);

3 - axis of rotation of the armature;

4 - winding of an electromagnet;

5 - core (middle part of the H-shaped magnetic circuit);

6 - side walls (sides) of the H-shaped magnetic circuit;

7 - axis of rotation of the pole pieces (4 pcs.);

8 - plates of the axis of rotation of the armature and adjust the stroke (2 pcs.);

9 - a longitudinal groove in the plate of the axis of rotation of the armature and adjust the stroke;

10 - screws for fastening the plate of the axis of rotation of the armature and stroke adjustment (2 pcs.);

11 - bracket (frame) of the anchor;

12 - bracket for fixing the magnet and the magnetic insert with pole tips (2 pcs.).

A polarized electromagnet contains a rotary armature with a permanent magnet 1a on one side and a magnetically conductive insert 16 on the other hand with pole pieces 2, an H-shaped magnetic circuit with a winding 4 located on the middle part 5 of the magnetic circuit. An H-shaped magnetic circuit is formed by side walls 6 with through holes for installing a core 5 with a winding 4. The side walls are parallel to each other, the core is perpendicular to them, together with a closed armature they form a sequential magnetic circuit.

The plate 8 is fixed on the magnetic circuit with screws 10, which serve to fasten the axis of rotation 3 of the armature and to connect the armature and the H-shaped magnetic circuit between each other, also, thanks to the longitudinal grooves 9, it is possible to adjust the armature stroke value. Setting the required armature travel and fixing the position of the plates 8 is made with two screws 10. The permanent magnet 1a is made of rectangular cross section from a highly coercive material neodymium-iron-boron. The magnetically conducting insert 16 has the shape and dimensions of a magnet 1a (or a whole-made part of the armature with pole pieces is used).

The magnet 1a, the magnetically conducting insert 1b, and the pole pieces 2 are fixed to each other by a spring clip 12 made of non-magnetic material. The permanent magnet 1a and insert 1b are located together with the pole pieces 2 on the bracket / frame / frame of the armature 11, equally spaced and parallel to the ends of the bracket / frame / frame 11 and the axis of rotation of the armature 3, which in turn are parallel to the winding 4 located on the middle part H -shaped magnetic circuit 5, and connected using the axis of rotation 7. The axis of rotation of the pole pieces 7 are necessary for self-installation of the pole pieces 2 on the poles of the side walls of the magnetic circuit 6 in the final positions of the armature.

A polarized single-stable long-pass electromagnet with self-resetting operates as follows. Real samples of the claimed invention (as well as the prototype) were made (in a three-dimensional version) with a rotary anchor. For convenience of description of the principle of operation, we will consider the magnetic system (in a two-dimensional version) with a linear anchor, shown in FIG. 4. The upper and lower parts of the armature are rigidly connected, and the armature can move longitudinally either up or down relative to the ends of the H-shaped magnetic circuit.

When the control flux Ф _у created by ampere-turns of the winding W located on the core (in the middle part of the H-shaped magnetic circuit) appears in the magnetic circuit:

- in the lower part of the magnetic system at the points of contact of the pole pieces of the armature to the ends of the magnetic circuit, the fluxes Ф _п and Ф _{у are} compensated, and the forces holding the armature first weaken, and when gaps δ ₁ and δ ₂ (the moment of separation of the armature) appear, counter-directed flows Ф _p and f _y form forces repelling the anchor. In this case, the flow Φ _{p is} displaced from zone 1 to zone 2;

- at the same time, in the upper part of the magnetic system in the gaps δ ₃ and δ ₄ , the control flux Ф _у creates attractive forces, and as the armature approaches the ends of the magnetic circuit, at the end of the stroke, the entire control flux Ф _у will be closed through the upper part of the armature, creating forces hold on.

When the control voltage is removed from the winding, the flux Ф _у disappears. In this case, the flux Φ _n freely returns to zone 1 and begins to close through the magnetic circuit, creating forces in the gaps δ ₁ and δ ₂ that return the anchor to its original position.

In the inventive magnetic system in the process of operation, for the formation of the moment of rotation (or longitudinal displacement) at the anchor, there are simultaneously two concerted efforts - to attract on one side and repel on the other. This fact allows you to maintain a high moment of rotation (or displacement) of the armature throughout the course, because with a decrease in the repulsive force on the one hand, the attractive force on the other increases.

An increase in the stroke of the armature is achieved through the use of simultaneously and consistently attracting forces of the pole pieces of the armature from the side without a magnet, and the repulsive forces of the pole pieces of the armature from the side with a magnet. The adjustment of the stroke itself is carried out using a plate with a longitudinal groove and screws for fastening the plate to the magnetic core of the electromagnet.

The use of this magnetic system is equally effective in the design of both high-current contactors or relays, and miniature devices with a large armature stroke, which allows to significantly increase the switching power at high voltages in the small dimensions of the product. The presence of large values of the armature stroke in unstable magnetic systems as well as in unstable ones allows the use of auxiliary contacts to ensure switching of the windings from the forced mode to the holding one in the process of tripping in order to reduce consumption in the static mode after operation.

On the basis of the claimed technical solution, shock-proof independent shunt releases (LV) and undervoltage releases (RMN) used in new designs of circuit breakers for military equipment of the series: BA15-063, VA16-160, 250, 400, 630, VA16M- were designed, manufactured and tested 160, 250, 400, 630, and a series of civilian circuit breakers VA17M-160, 250, 400, 630 for use on ships, taking into account the requirements of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping.

On the basis of the claimed technical solution and prototype, the development of vibration-resistant polarized small-sized relays and remote switches with high switching capacity is currently underway. The main purpose of the products is for switching AC and DC circuits in power supply systems, automation and control of onboard power systems of rocket and space objects, aviation, ship and other autonomous objects with limited energy resources, operating in difficult conditions, as well as for use in new developments of underwater and unmanned aerial vehicles.

Also, on the basis of the claimed technical solution, the development of an electromagnetic remote drive for the above-mentioned series of circuit breakers is currently underway.

Sources of information

1. Gordon A.V. Polarized Electromagnets [Text] / А.V. Gordon, A.G. Slivinskaya - M .: Energy, 1964. - S. 13.

2. Royzen V.Z. Small-sized polarized relays and remote switches [Text] / V.Z. Royzen - L .: Energoatomizdat. Leningrad Department, 1969 .-- S. 5-6.

3. Slivinskaya A.G. Electromagnets and permanent magnets [Text] / A.G. Slivinskaya - M.: Energy, 1972. - S. 178.

4. Royzen V.Z. Small-sized electromagnetic relays [Text] / V.Z. Royzen - L .: Energoatomizdat. Leningrad Otdel, 1986.- S. 15.

5. Fundamentals of the theory of electrical apparatus [Text] / [B.K. Bul] Ed. G.V. Butkevich - M.: Higher School, 1970. - S. 298-303.

6. Wittenberg M.I. Calculation of electromagnetic relays. Energy 1975

7. Patent RU 2683575 C1, published March 29, 2019, bull. Number 10

8. A.V. Gordon, B.F. Ivakin, K.V. Kostitsyna, A.G. Slivinskaya, Analysis of electromagnetic systems of increased sensitivity in devices with self-return. // Technique of communication, issue 6 series. Technique of wire communication, 1986. P. 62-81, - UDC 621.318.3.014.2.

Claims (4)

1. A polarized electromagnet containing a rotary armature with permanent magnets and pole pieces located equidistant and parallel to the axis of rotation located parallel to the winding located on the middle part of the H-shaped magnetic circuit, so that the armature is drawn only to one of the two sides of the H- shaped magnetic core, the pole pieces of the armature contain their own axis of rotation and are made with the possibility of self-installation on the poles of the magnetic circuit in the final positions, the armature and the magnet the wire is connected with the possibility of adjusting the value of the armature stroke, characterized in that the armature is made on one side “active”, containing a permanent magnet with pole pieces, and on the other hand, containing a “passive” element with pole pieces with the possibility of simultaneous and coordinated use of the pulling forces of the pole anchor tips from the side without a magnet, and the repulsive forces of the pole pieces of the anchor from the side with a magnet. 2. The polarized electromagnet according to claim 1, characterized in that the anchor is made linear. 3. The polarized electromagnet according to claim 1, characterized in that the "passive element" of the armature is made in the form of an insert of a magnetically conductive material. 4. The polarized electromagnet according to claim 1, characterized in that the "passive element" of the armature is made in the form of an integral part of the armature.

Images