RU2713304C2 - Motorized device for agriculture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agriculture. Motorized device for agriculture contains frame, on which there installed are at least one processing tool, reduction gear and motor, which drives the tool by means of reduction gear and drive belt installed with sagging on two pulleys. Driving pulley is connected to the shaft driven by the motor, and the driven pulley is connected to the reduction gear. Tight-action means for engaging the clutch are arranged close to the belt and movable by means of a control lever located on the handle of the device. Motorized device for agriculture comprises protective casing for belt, having first means of fixed attachment to engine and second means of fixed attachment to gearbox. First and second fixed attachment means set the center-to-center distance between the shaft of the motor carrying the drive pulley and the input shaft of the reduction gear bearing the driven pulley when the engine and the reduction gear are mounted on the frame.

EFFECT: simplified installation of casing, optimum belt tension, reduced slippage and increased service life of clutch mechanism.

12 cl, 11 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to agriculture, including gardening.

In particular, the invention relates to motorized devices for cultivating the land, for example, light cultivators, motor soil mowers or other similar devices, in particular to devices controlled by the operator following this device and equipped with soil cultivation tools and / or wheels, an engine and gearbox connected by a drive belt.

State of the art

Motocultivators or machines of these types may contain a tool driven by a motor.

In general, the drive is provided by means of a belt mounted with sagging on two pulleys, one of which (called the drive shaft) is connected to the drive shaft, and the other (called the drive or follower) is connected to the gearbox and tool, and a roller or cam-type means for tensioning this belt, while the movement of these funds is controlled by a cable in the shell, actuated by the clutch control lever, which is attached by means of a handle to the steering wheel of the machine.

The actuation of the clutch control lever near the handle allows you to turn on the tool by tensioning the belt under the action of the roller. Releasing the clutch control lever disengages or disengages the clutch. This provides a user-friendly mechanism.

This clutch has many disadvantages.

First, manufacturers of cultivators typically use V-belts to ensure engagement between the drive pulley and the driven pulley by tension. The main disadvantage of wedge-shaped belts is that to ensure an acceptable service life, manufacturers recommend using these belts with constant tension.

The service life of a belt of this type of tension mechanism in existing motor cultivators is approximately 40-60 hours (i.e. 1200-1800 clutch actions).

Thus, regular adjustments and adjustments are required. In the manufacture of the device, the motor and gearbox are attached to the frame, and the center-to-center distance between the two indicated components requires adjustment to accurately position them and ensure optimal belt tension. This requires mounting clearances for mounting the motor and gearbox on the frame (the above clearances can be achieved by using oblong holes to mount the motor and gearbox to the frame) and using a template that, after free installation of the motor on the frame, is used to determine the center-to-center distance between the motor and gearbox.

After positioning the gearbox, the operator final tightens the fasteners to secure the motor and gearbox to the frame. Next, the pulleys and belt are closed with a cover or protective cover, which are attached to the frame with the possibility of removal.

Secondly, the impact on the clutch control lever requires significant effort, which must be maintained during operation. However, this force can be limited by changing the gear ratio, providing an increase in the stroke of the clutch control lever. This leads to the appearance of another drawback, which consists in restricting the control of the cultivator by people with small hands, for example, women.

In addition, it is not possible to maintain the force required to firmly hold the clutch control lever near the handle, especially in very uneven soil. This means that the belt tension will not be constant, which leads to slippage of the belt and, consequently, to its rapid wear and tear.

In addition, since the cable is controlled directly, and it is difficult to regulate the application of force of a given value, the clutch mechanism engages instantly, which leads to a sharp start of the device.

In addition, the shape of the trigger lever on which the roller for belt tensioning is mounted is quite complex and requires several bending operations, which increases the manufacturing time and the cost of manufacturing such a part.

Actuation of the start lever through steering control requires a relatively large length of the clutch cable and is carried out through several intermediate parts that periodically cause malfunctions during the actuation of the start lever.

In addition, the user should periodically (on average once every ten hours of use) adjust the tension bolt or cylinder integrated in the clutch cable sheath to adjust the tension level, which ensures transmission of torque from the engine without slipping the belt.

And finally, the manufacture of known devices and their disassembly in the event of a malfunction are relatively complex and require numerous operations, which increases the cost.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention is aimed at eliminating at least some of these drawbacks of known devices by creating a motorized device for agriculture, the design and clutch control of which ensures constant tension of the clutch belt, increasing its service life.

In addition, an object of the invention is to provide a grip control device that requires a small amount of force that can be maintained for a long time.

Another objective of the invention is the creation of a motorized device for agriculture, containing a limited number of inexpensive, technologically advanced and easily installed mechanical elements.

These and other tasks are solved in a motorized device for agriculture, containing a frame on which at least one processing tool, a gearbox and an engine, driving the tool through a gearbox and a drive belt mounted with sagging on two pulleys, one of which are mounted connected to a shaft driven by a motor, and another pulley connected to the gearbox; and also placed close to the specified belt means of tension to engage the clutch, made with the possibility of movement by means of a control lever located on the handle of the steering wheel of the device.

According to the invention, the device comprises a belt guard having first means of fixed mounting to the engine and second means of fixed mounting to the gearbox, so that these first and second fixed mounting means define the center-to-center distance between the engine and gearbox when they are mounted on the frame.

Thus, the protective casing or cover is not fastened as usual to the device frame, but is fixedly mounted on the engine and gearbox using the indicated means, made on the casing in predetermined places for the casing to be fixedly fixed, firstly, to the engine, and, in- second to the gearbox. These tools specify the center-to-center distance between the engine and gearbox, i.e. the distance between the motor shaft on which the drive pulley is mounted and the input shaft of the gearbox on which the driven pulley is mounted when the engine and gearbox are mounted on the frame.

In addition to the belt protection function, which is mounted slack on the driving and driven pulleys, the casing serves as a template or a starting unit that ensures accurate positioning of the gear motor and, therefore, the belt.

This installation of the casing on the motor and gear reduces the clearance requirements. As a result, installation and reinstallations after repair are simplified, and the number of adjustment and adjustment operations is also reduced.

The device according to the invention allows for optimal belt tension and eliminates or at least significantly reduces belt slippage. It also significantly increases the life of the clutch mechanism.

Preferably, each of said first and second means of fixed mounting is at least one hole in the protective cover for receiving a bolt for fixed mounting to said motor and gearbox, respectively.

Preferably, the belt tensioning means comprises a trigger lever configured to rotate about an axis fixedly attached to the engine. The installation of the specified lever on the engine provides increased efficiency and reduces the lever arm in comparison with the standard version when it is mounted on the frame. In this case, the axis of the lever passes through the casing.

Preferably, the trigger lever is connected to the control lever via a cable and a tension spring supporting the tension of the cable.

The specified spring tension can be made with the possibility of interaction with the compensating spring.

Preferably, the protective casing comprises a beam for receiving the reaction force from the cable.

The specified beam is essentially parallel to the axis of the cable and may have an expanded section in the lower part of the protective casing.

Preferably, the protective cover has means for positioning and holding the cable sheath retainer in place.

Thus, periodic adjustments and settings of the clutch cable are no longer required.

Preferably, at least one cooling hole is provided in the wall of the protective casing.

The protective cover may contain at least one visual reference mark of the angular position of the start lever.

Preferably, the device is a motor cultivator, or a wheel shredder, or a motor soil tiller, or a mini cultivator, or a mower-grinder, or a comb-cutter of dry grass, or a cultivator-ripper, or a cultivator of lawns.

Other features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the further description of an embodiment with reference to the drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a motor cultivator according to the invention, side view;

in FIG. 2 - the same, view from the other side;

in FIG. 3A is the same, a three-quarter view;

in FIG. 3B is a fragment of the image in FIG. 3A on an enlarged scale;

in FIG. 4 - lever for controlling the clutch of a cultivator in three different angular positions, an enlarged view;

in FIG. 5 is an illustration of a belt tensioner for a cultivator according to the invention, an enlarged view;

in FIG. 6A and 6B partially show a known motor cultivator and a motor cultivator according to the invention, respectively;

in FIG. 7 shows a fragment of a motor cultivator according to the invention, illustrating the positioning of the clutch cable, an enlarged view;

in FIG. 8 is an inner cover mounted on a cultivator according to the invention;

in FIG. 9 is an inner cover mounted on a motor cultivator according to the invention, without a belt and a driven pulley, three quarters view.

The implementation of the invention

Figure 1, 2 and 3A shows a cultivator according to one of the embodiments of the invention, and in figures 2 and 3A it is shown without an engine.

This motor cultivator 1 comprises a horizontal monoblock frame 10 carrying a transport wheel 14 and two processing tools 15 mounted rotatably below this wheel on a transverse shaft driven by a chain located in the casing 13. Typically, the chain is driven by a pulley shaft, also called the driven pulley 16 located above the rear of the frame 10. The driven pulley 16 is driven by an internal combustion engine 17 located in the front of the frame 10, while the motor 17 is mounted on the shaft a drive pulley 19 connected to the driven pulley 16 via a clutch belt 18.

The motor shaft 17 and the drive pulley 19 have the same axis A1.

In FIG. 2 and 3A, it is shown that the casing 13 comprises a chain passing through an opening in the frame 10.

Typically, the cultivator 1 comprises a steering wheel 11, at the end of which two handles 12 are located. The left handle 12 comprises an accelerator lever or a throttle control lever 122.

A gear 33 is located between the engine 17 and the tool 15, which allows you to change the speed of rotation of the tools and / or switch to reverse mode. Changing the rotation speed may be required, for example, to adapt the speed of the cultivator 1 to the type of soil to be treated. Reverse gear makes it easier for the user to maneuver the cultivator without the need for excessive force.

The axis of the driven pulley 16 is fixedly connected to the input shaft of the gearbox 33. It should be noted that the driven pulley 16 and the input shaft of the gearbox 33 have the same axis A2 (shown in Fig. 9). The gear 33 is controlled by a gear shift lever 123. Each position of the lever 123 corresponds to a given gear ratio.

Since the belt 18 is sagged between the pulleys 16 and 19, the drive pulley 19 can only be driven by tensioning the belt 18 by means of a roller 401 (the so-called “tension roller”) resting on the belt 18 to position this belt.

In FIG. 1, 6 B and 7, this roller 401 is shown not in contact with the belt 18, but in FIG. 5 - in contact.

As shown in FIG. 2, 5, 6B and 7, the roller 401 is mounted on the end of the lever 40, which is pivotally mounted rotatably about an axis 402A and connected to the end of the control cable or the clutch cable 30, which is connected to the clutch control lever 121.

As shown in FIG. 4, the clutch control lever 121 is located next to the right handle 12 of the steering wheel 11 for maneuvering the device and can be rotated in several positions. The translation of the clutch control lever from the first position (lower position, i.e., vertical position) to the second position (raised in the direction of the handle 12) creates a tensile force acting on the control cable 30. The control cable 30 is connected to a return spring or a tension spring 32 (FIG. 3B), allowing the clutch control lever 121 to return to its original position.

Pressing the clutch control lever 121 to the handle 12 creates a tension on the belt 18, which makes it possible to actuate the tools 15. Loosening the clutch control lever 121 causes the clutch to turn off. In particular, moving the clutch control lever 121 closer to the handle creates a tensile force exerted on the control cable 30, causing the roller 401 to rotate and the belt 18 to tension. As shown in FIG. 5, the roller 401 forces the portion of the belt 18 between the two pulleys 16 and 19 to bend inward.

To offset the roller 401, only a small amount of force is required on the clutch control lever 121. Thus, tillage can be performed by the user easily and without fatigue, eliminating the loosening of the belt 18, which can cause it to sag and premature wear and tear. The tension of the belt 18 is carried out gradually, ensuring the start-up of the equipment without jerking.

As shown in FIG. 6B, the start lever 40 is compact and is located as close as possible to the drive pulley 19. For this, it is integrated directly into the front surface of the engine 17 (and therefore is fixedly mounted thereon).

In known devices, as shown in FIG. 6A, the start lever 40 ′ is rotatably mounted on an arm specially added to the frame of the cultivator, complicating installation and increasing manufacturing costs. In addition, this trigger 40 'is generally rectangular in shape, which makes it relatively complex and bulky.

The start lever 40 is smaller (shorter) and simpler in design than the start lever 40 'and, therefore, requires less manufacturing costs. The angle of operation of the lever 40 is 90 ° (as shown in FIG. 3B, the axes of the control cable 30 and the lever 40 are perpendicular to each other) with a smaller relative displacement compared to the principle shown in FIG. 6A, which optimizes operation.

The location of the start lever 40 on the engine 17 instead of its location on the bracket mounted on the frame, significantly reduces the number of folding tolerances (up to one instead of four) and plays a major role in the operational reliability of the clutch.

In known devices, the center-to-center distance E between the drive shaft and the gearbox shaft depends on three variable sizes, namely, the distance between the mounting points of the engine and the housing to the frame, the distance between the mounting points of the engine and the support of the start lever and the distance between the mounting points of the support of the starting lever and the housing . Thus, the center-to-center distance E summarizes the tolerances or fluctuations of these three sizes, with the fourth dimension corresponding to the distance between the frame and the axis of attachment of the trigger to its support.

The center distance E of the cultivator according to the invention is determined by only one constant size.

Typically, the gearbox 33 and the motor 17 are attached or attached to the frame 10 of the cultivator 1. The remaining elements are held by an inner cover or the first protective cover, which is made of plastic and additionally secures the detachable second protective cover (belt cover). For clarity, only the inner cover is shown in the figures.

The inner cover 20 according to the invention performs several functions, in particular:

- fixed mount to the engine 17;

- positioning and holding in place of the gear 33;

- adjustment of the center-to-center distances, in particular, the center-to-center distance E (shown in FIG. 2) between the shaft of the engine 17 on which the drive pulley 19 is mounted and the input shaft of the gearbox 33 on which the driven pulley 16 is mounted, while the center-to-center distance E corresponds to the distance between the A1 axis and the A2 axis of 308 mm in this example (to ensure easy assembly and disassembly during repair).

- positioning and holding in place of the latch of the sheath of the control cable 30;

- a design that complies with the principles of sustainable development and environmental factors (a limited amount of plastic is required for the manufacture of the cover) and optimizes the mechanical strength of the cover due to the presence of a longitudinal beam 21 of an expanding shape (Fig. 3B);

- simplifying the design of the cultivator and increasing its reliability by reducing the number of parts that perform the same functions. It should be noted that the motor cultivator according to the invention has four parts less than the known motor cultivator shown in FIG. 3A, and eliminates the need for a trigger arm bracket, typically soldered to the frame, a rotary spacer sleeve for the trigger arm, protrusions for attaching the inner cover to the frame, and a support for the shell retainer, which is typically soldered to the frame.

Advantageously, the inner cover 20 is attached not to the frame 10, as usual, but to the gear unit 33 at the rear and to the engine 17 at the front.

On the inner cover 20 in predetermined positions, means are made for its fixed attachment to the engine 17 on the one hand and to the gearbox 33 on the other hand, which determine the center-to-center distance between the engine 17 and gearbox 33, i.e. distance between axes A1 and A2. Each of these fixed mounting means comprises at least one hole formed in the inner cover, in which one or more screws can be installed for its fixed mounting on the motor and gearbox.

In particular, in FIG. 8, the inner cover 20 with two round holes 171 is separately shown for positioning on the engine 17 of the inner cover 20 and holding it in place. These holes 171 are designed to accommodate the axles 402A, 402B shown in FIG. 5 and 9. For positioning on the gearbox 33 of the inner cover 20 and holding it in place, two circular holes 331 are made in the cover. The fixing bolts 331A and 331B installed in these holes 331 are shown in FIG. 3B and 9.

In addition, a circular hole 172 is made in the inner cover 20 for the passage of the motor shaft 17, on which the drive pulley 19 is mounted, and the opening 332, for the passage of the input shaft of the gearbox, on which the driven pulley 16 is mounted.

In addition to the protection function of the belt 18, the inner cover 20 acts as a template or assembly reference, providing accurate positioning of the gear motor 17 and the belt 18.

This facilitates the installation of the elements that form the cultivator 1, and increases the operational reliability of such a device.

The inner side of the inner cover 20 is shown in detail in FIG. 3B (view without engine). The clutch cable 30 moves inside the longitudinal expanding beam 21 formed on the inner cover 20. This beam receives the forces from the clutch cable 30 and thereby optimizes the mechanical strength of the inner cover 20.

The inner cover 20 has several ventilation holes 22 for cooling parts mounted on the inner cover 20. The presence of cooling ventilation holes 22 also helps to reduce the weight (increasing the environmental friendliness of the structure) of the inner cover 20 and the cultivator 1.

It should also be noted that the introduction of the clutch cable 30 does not require any adjustments or a compensating spring 31.

A number of kinematic studies and repeated tests led to the identification of a new type of simplified and optimized clutch cable, which, when combined with the new form and previously unused setting of the start lever 40, provides at least a three-fold increase in the service life of the V-belt 18, which forms the clutch mechanism of the cultivator 1.

In FIG. 7 shows in detail a clutch cable 30 having at the end a compensating spring 31 fixedly attached to the start lever 40, however, the spring 31 compensates for the wear and tear of the belt 18 and its possible extension, as well as the slack of the clutch cable 30.

The return spring (or tension spring) 32, which is fixed at one end to the inner cover 20 and the other end to the start lever 40, returns the clutch control lever 121 to the off position when the user releases the lever 121 (thus, the spring 32 is return protective clutch mechanism).

The springs 31 and 32 are engaged on the inside of the inner cover (Fig. 3B). It should be noted that these springs 31 and 32 form between themselves an angle of more than 90 °.

In a well-known motor cultivator, the user, on average, every ten hours, must adjust the adjusting bolt included in the shell to restore the level of tension necessary and sufficient to transmit engine torque without slipping the belt. The cultivator 1 does not require the use of an adjusting bolt to adjust the clutch cable 30.

Thus, the cultivator 1, providing a simple and reliable transmission of optimal torque throughout the life of the belt 18, has the following elements:

- optimized starting lever integrated in the engine 17;

- multifunctional inner cover 20 (which, in particular, determines the center-to-center distance between the driving and driven pulleys);

- clutch cable 30 that does not require adjustment;

- compensation spring 31 (pre-stressed with a force of 40 N and stiffness 9 N / mm);

- an optimized clutch control lever 121 with a stroke of 35 mm;

- a standard 44 '' belt (with a tolerance of +/- 5 mm, which is compensated by the clutch control lever 121 and the clutch cable).

These elements provide a constant tension of the clutch belt (thereby optimizing the transmission of torque), increasing the life of the belt.

While the service life of the clutch belt of known motor cultivators is approximately 40-60 hours (approximately 1200-1800 clutch operations), the service life of the clutch belt of the cultivator according to the invention is 140-200 hours (approximately 4200-600 clutch operations).

In addition, these features of the cultivator 1 further optimize its dimensions, providing compactness and allowing you to get a new "design" of a mechanized device for cultivating the land.

All this makes the equipment operation more reliable, reduces its weight and simplifies assembly and disassembly operations.

In FIG. 4 shows the angular movement of the clutch control lever 121 and this lever in various angular positions.

Simplified and reliable assembly of the above elements allows you to get the starting corner element, which very quickly applies the force necessary to create sufficient tension of the belt 18 to engage the clutch.

Zone Z3 is the pre-tension zone of the belt 18, and zone Z2 is the optimal tension zone of the belt 18.

In addition, zone Z1 is a zone of possible loosening or releasing the clutch control lever 121 without affecting the tension of the belt 18. Thus, even if the user inadvertently (due to fatigue) releases the clutch control lever 121, this will not loosen the tension of the belt 18 .

Thus, untimely slipping of the belt is excluded.

As shown in FIG. 5, a measuring control scale 41 is integrated in the cover 20 for proper adjustment and adjustment of the clutch. This visible reference scale can be used by a specialist after-sales service to precisely adjust the clutch mechanism before re-commissioning. As shown in FIG. 5, the graduated measuring scale 41 makes sure that the lower part of the roller 401, which determines the position of the belt 18, is located at an angle of 30 °.

In FIG. 9 shows an inner cover 20 mounted on a motor cultivator according to the invention, a three-quarter view without a belt 18 and a driven pulley 16.

Claims (12)

1. A motorized device (1) for agriculture, comprising a frame (10) on which at least one processing tool (15), a gearbox (33) and an engine (17) are installed, which rotates the tool (15) by means of a gearbox ( 33) and a drive belt (18) mounted slack on two pulleys (16, 19), the drive pulley is connected to the shaft driven by the motor (17), and the driven pulley is connected to the gearbox (33); as well as means located close to said belt (18) for means (40, 401) of its tension for engaging the clutch, movable by means of a control lever (121) located on the handle (12) of the steering wheel (11) of the device (1), characterized in that contains a protective casing (20) for the belt (18) having the first means (171, 172) of fixed mounting to the engine and the second means (331, 332) of fixed mounting to the gearbox, so that these first and second means of fixed mounting define the center-to-center distance (E) between the motor shaft (17) carrying the driving pulley and the input shaft of the gearbox (33) carrying the driven pulley during the installation of the engine (17) and gearbox (33) on the frame (10). 2. The device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the first and second means of fixed mounting is at least one hole (171, 331) in the protective casing (20), designed to receive a bolt for fixed mounting to the specified engine (17) and gearbox (33), respectively. 3. The device (1) according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that the belt tension means comprise a start lever (40) made to rotate around an axis (402) fixedly attached to the engine (17). 4. The device (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the trigger lever (40) is connected to the control lever (121) by means of a cable (30) and a tension spring (32) supporting the tension of this cable (30). 5. The device (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that said tension spring (32) is configured to interact with a compensating spring (31). 6. The device (1) according to any one of paragraphs. 4 or 5, characterized in that the protective casing (20) contains a beam (21) for receiving the reaction force from the cable (30). 7. The device (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that said beam (21) is essentially parallel to the axis of the cable (30). 8. The device (1) according to any one of paragraphs. 6 or 7, characterized in that the beam (21) has an expanded section in the lower part of the protective casing (20). 9. The device (1) according to any one of paragraphs. 4-8, characterized in that the protective casing (20) has means for positioning and holding the cable sheath (30) in place of the retainer. 10. The device (1) according to any one of paragraphs. 1-9, characterized in that at least one cooling hole (22) is made in the wall of the protective casing (20). 11. The device (1) according to any one of paragraphs. 3-10, characterized in that the protective casing (20) contains at least one visual reference mark (41) of the angular position of the start lever (40). 12. The device (1) according to any one of paragraphs. 1–11, which is a motor cultivator, or a wheel shredder, or a motor rotary shredder, or a mini-cultivator, or a mower-grinder, or a comb-cutter of dry grass, or a cultivator-ripper, or a cultivator of lawns.

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