RU2710157C1 - Dynamic energy-saving facade with variable properties - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, namely to facades of energy-efficient buildings, and can be used in construction of energy-active and environmentally safe residential and public buildings with high degree of heat protection. Design of dynamic energy-saving facade with variable properties comprises wall from traditional wall materials (monolithic concrete, brick, blocks from cellular concrete, wooden bar, etc.) with layer of effective insulation, for example, from mineral wool covered with wind-hydro-protective membrane, and external dynamic layer consisting of installed with possibility of synchronous rotation around their parallel in one plane of vertical axes of triangular prisms, which side faces are able to be arranged in one plane or parallel planes and have the following properties: first face in form of vacuumized insulating glass window with thickness of 6–8 mm with vacuum of 10^-3–10^-4 mm Hg and with selective coating on glass inner surface with emissivity ε=0.10–0.20, connected to two other faces, having on the inner surfaces a selective coating with an absorption coefficient α=0.80–0.95 and emissivity ε=0.10–0.20; second face has coating on outer side with reflection coefficient ρ=0.85–0.90 and the third face on the outer side has a film solar battery. Top plugs of triangular prisms come out with their hollow branch pipes into horizontally sealed box with perpendicularly located channel to it with influx valve, which extends to inner face of wall. Bottom plugs of triangular prisms have bushings installed in mounting holes of horizontal box and having on end a driven gear, which interacts through drive gear with mechanism of prism turning. One of the elements of the prisms turning mechanism is a horizontally arranged shaft connected through a reduction gear to a step motor. Engine can be located in right or left post both vertically and horizontally. Shaft turns at a certain angle (or turns at the required number of revolutions) and is delayed in the required position to allow setting the prism faces having similar properties in the same plane. Control unit controls the operation of the drive. Depending on weather and preset conditions and time in accordance with program it sets prisms in preset position and determines time of stationary condition of prisms. Dynamic energy-saving facade operates in an automated mode and comprises an engine control unit, a charging device and an accumulator which are in sealed compact housings placed in the right or left side post. Inside the side post there are special fasteners for this purpose. Engine and charger control is performed so as to optimize engine operation in terms of power parameters, increasing its efficiency and resource, reducing power consumption, providing fast charge of the accumulator and its long-term storage.

EFFECT: electronics provides accelerated charging of accumulator from solar batteries or by another method during 3–4 hours.

4 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction of energy-efficient and environmentally friendly buildings, in particular, to regulates the heat-shielding properties of the protective shell of a building, solar heating and to provide the required air exchange in buildings to control the indoor climate.

Currently, in the construction of energy-efficient buildings, as a rule, structural solutions of enclosing structures with constant thermophysical properties are used, regardless of the location of the enclosing structures along the height of the building facade and its orientation on the ground. Such decisions are irrational, given the significant changes in the modes and conditions of operation of buildings in winter and summer periods, an increase in wind load along the height of the building and depending on the orientation of the building in space.

A facade design is known, including a wall with an absorbing surface of plaster coated with black paint, transparent thermal insulation from a polymer film based on cellulose triacetate 0.135 m thick and tempered glass 0.006 m thick. The transparent insulation design is enclosed in a wooden frame (GM Wallner, R. Hausner, H. Hegedys, H. Schobermayr, RW Lang. Application Demonstration and Performance of Cellulose Triacetate Polymer Film Based Transparent Insulation Wall Heating System. Solar Energy, Vol. 80, 1410-1416, 2006) [1]. The disadvantages of this design are the large thickness, insufficiently high transmittance of transparent thermal insulation, high emissivity of the absorbing surface, the inability to change the thermal properties of the wall.

A known design of the facade, including a wall with transparent thermal insulation, enclosed in a wooden frame. Transparent insulation consists of a polycarbonate capillary structure enclosed between two glasses. Black paint is applied to the wall from the outside (IL Wong, PC Eames, RS Perera. A Review of Transparent Insulation System and the Evaluation of Payback Period for Building Applications. Solar Energy, Vol. 81, pp. 1058-1071, 2007) [ 2]. The design disadvantages are insufficiently high transmittance, large thickness, high emissivity of the absorbing surface, the inability to change the thermophysical properties of the wall.

The closest in technical essence to the invention is the design of a solar facade with evacuated glass (RU 2382164, IPC, EV 3/677, 2010) [3], containing a wall with an absorbing surface and a vacuum glass with a thickness of 6.5 mm with a vacuum of 10 ^-3 -10 ^-4 mmHg and with a selective coating on the inner surface of the glass with emissivity ε = 0.1, mounted on the outside of the wall of the building, while the absorbing surface has a selective coating with an absorption coefficient α = 0.95 and emissivity ε = 0.1. A disadvantage of the known design is the insufficiently high thermal insulation properties, low efficiency of using heated air for space heating, and the lack of the ability to automatically change the thermal properties of the wall during operation.

The objective of the invention is the automated regulation of the thermophysical properties of the wall of the building depending on changes in weather and operating conditions, increasing the efficiency of using solar energy for air heating of the building, ensuring the heating of fresh air when it is supplied through the supply valve.

The above result is achieved by the fact that the proposed dynamic energy-saving facade with variable properties contains a wall of traditional wall materials (monolithic concrete, brick, aerated concrete blocks, wooden beams, etc.) with a layer of effective insulation, for example, of mineral wool covered with wind a hydro-protective membrane, and an external dynamic layer, consisting of triangular prizes mounted with the possibility of synchronous rotation around their vertical axes parallel to the same in the same plane m, the side faces of which lining up in the same plane form the outer and inner surfaces with the following properties: the first face is in the form of a vacuum glass unit with a thickness of 6-8 mm mm with a vacuum of 10 ^-3 -10 ^-4 mm Hg and with a selective coating on the inner surface of the glass with an emissivity ε = 0.10-0.20, connected to two other faces having a selective coating on the inner surfaces with an absorption coefficient α = 0.80-0.95 and emissivity ε = 0.10-0.20; the second face has a coating on the outside with a reflection coefficient ρ = 0.85-0.90 and the third face on the outside has a film solar panel. The upper plugs of the triangular prisms exit with their hollow nozzles into a horizontally located airtight duct having a channel perpendicular to it with a supply valve facing the inner edge of the wall. There is a device for turning prisms and a control unit operating in automatic mode according to a given program when changing operating conditions, as well as a controller for converting solar energy into electrical energy, a rechargeable battery and an inverter for converting direct current to alternating current.

As a result of the use of the present invention, the heat losses of the building, the costs of heating, ventilation and cooling of the premises are reduced due to the use of rotary prisms with faces, the outer and inner surfaces of which have different emissivity properties, absorption and reflection coefficients, and also contain film solar cells.

EFFECT: provision of high heat-shielding characteristics of the external walls of buildings with the possibility of their regulation when changing operating conditions while reducing heating, ventilation and maintaining the required microclimate parameters of the indoor premises.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by figures. In FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 shows a general view of a dynamic energy-saving facade of a building with variable properties, operating respectively in mode 1, mode 2 and mode 3; in FIG. 4 is a general diagram of a structural solution of a wall with a dynamic energy-saving facade with variable properties; in FIG. 5 is a vertical section of a wall with a dynamic energy-saving facade with variable properties at the passage of the supply valve; in FIG. 6 - horizontal section 1-1 of the wall with a dynamic energy-saving facade with variable properties; in FIG. 7, FIG. 8, FIG. 9, FIG. 10, FIG. 11 - the location of the prisms in the plan when the dynamic facade with variable properties, respectively, in mode 1, mode 2, mode 3, mode 4, mode 5; in FIG. 12 is a general view of a rotary mechanism with a vertical arrangement of the engine; in FIG. 13 is a General view of the rotary mechanism with a horizontal engine.

A dynamic energy-saving facade with variable properties contains a wall with an inner layer of traditional wall materials 1 (Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6), an effective insulation, for example, from mineral wool 2 (Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 ), a wind-waterproof membrane 3 (Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6), an air gap 4 between the outer dynamic layer 5 and effective insulation 2 (Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6). The outer dynamic layer 5 consists of triangular rotary prisms 6 mounted with the possibility of synchronous rotation around their vertical axes parallel in parallel in the same plane, the lateral faces of which 7, 8 and 9 are able to line up in the same plane or parallel planes and have the following properties: first face 7 in in the form of a vacuum glass unit with a thickness of 6-8 mm mm with a vacuum of 10 ^-3 -10 ^-4 mm RT.article and with a selective coating on the inner surface of the glass with an emissivity ε = 0.10-0.20, connected to two other faces 8 and 9, having a selective coating on the inner surfaces with an absorption coefficient α = 0.80-0.95 and emissive ability ε = 0.10-0.20; the second face 8 on the outside has a coating with a reflection coefficient ρ = 0.85-0.90, and the third face 9 on the outside has a solar film 10. The triangular rotary prism 6 has the lower and upper caps 11 and 12, respectively ( Fig. 5). The lower plugs 11 of the triangular rotary prisms 6 have sleeves 13 installed in the mounting holes 14 of the lower horizontal box 15 and having a driven gear 16 at the end that interacts with the drive gear 17 of the prism rotation mechanism (Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 12, Fig. 13). The prism turning mechanism includes a horizontally positioned composite shaft 18 connected through a gearbox 19 to a stepper motor 20 (Fig. 4, Fig. 12, Fig. 13). The engine 20 can be located in the right or left racks 21 both vertically and horizontally. The shaft 18 is rotated by a certain angle (or rotated by the desired number of revolutions) and is delayed in the desired position to enable the faces of the prisms 6 having the same properties to be set in the same plane. The operation of the mechanism of rotation of the prisms is regulated by the control unit (not conventionally shown). Depending on the weather or specified conditions and time, in accordance with the program, he sets prisms 6 to a predetermined position and determines the time of their stationary state. The upper plugs 12 of the triangular prisms 6 exit with their hollow nozzles 22 into a sealed horizontally located upper duct 23 for collecting heated air, having a channel perpendicular to it with a supply valve 24 facing the inner face of the wall 1. Air enters the prisms through openings 25 (FIG. 5, Fig. 6), located in the lower plugs 11 of the prisms 6, heats up and enters through the hollow nozzles 22 of the upper plugs 12 into the sealed upper duct 23 and enters the room through the supply valve 24. The device for turning prisms and the control unit (not shown conditionally) operate automatically according to a given program when changing operating conditions. To operate the dynamic facade in stand-alone mode, a controller 25 is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy, a rechargeable battery 26 and an inverter 27 to convert direct current to alternating current (Fig. 4).

Dynamic energy-saving facade with variable properties works in various modes.

Mode 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7). The outer faces of prisms 6 create a plane of a dynamic energy-saving facade 5 from evacuated double-glazed windows 7. In this mode, the dynamic energy-saving facade works as a solar air collector, providing air heating on a sunny day and supplying heated fresh air to the premises. Solar radiation passes through evacuated double-glazed windows 7 and enters the inner surfaces of the faces 8 and 9 of the prisms with an absorption coefficient α = 0.80-0.95 and emissivity ε = 0.1-0.2, heats them, from which, in its in turn, the air in the prisms is heated 6. Heat losses are reduced due to the vacuum glass unit 7 with a vacuum of 10 ^-3 -10 ^-4 mm Hg with glass-ceramic clamps 28 having a heat transfer resistance R = 0.8-0.9 (m ² ⋅K) / W. In the vacuum gap of double-glazed windows 7, convection and thermal conductivity of rarefied gas are negligible, and heat loss due to radiation is significantly reduced due to selective coating with emissivity ε = 0.10-0.20 applied to the inner surface of the glass. Air enters through the openings 25 located in the lower plugs 11 of the prisms 6, heats up and enters through the hollow nozzles 22 of the upper plugs 12 into the upper sealed box 23 and enters the room through the supply valve 24. The supply valve 24 has a filter and a shutter for regulating the passage opening.

Mode 2 (FIG. 2, FIG. 4, FIG. 8). The outer faces 9 of the prisms 6, covered with film solar panels 10 create a flat surface on the facade, acting like a solar battery. Solar energy using the controller 25 is converted into electrical energy and charges the battery 26. Direct current using the inverter 27 is converted to alternating current and is used to operate the entire system. The dynamic facade can work offline according to a given program. The control unit when using time sensors and sensors that respond to the brightness of the light, automatically sets the preset mode.

Mode 3 (Fig. 3, Fig. 9). The outer faces of 8 prisms 6 create a plane of a dynamic energy-saving facade with a reflection coefficient

ρ = 0.85-0.90. In this mode, the dynamic energy-saving facade reflects solar radiation on a hot day and this cools the wall 1. At this position, the face of the prism 7 from the vacuum glass will also prevent the wall from heating.

Mode 4 (Fig. 10). In this mode, a gap is created between the prisms to remove moisture accumulated in the winter period from the wall and effective insulation in the summer period. In this mode, the location of the prisms can have three options and, along with drying the insulation, can also work in the mode of, for example, solar panels.

Mode 5 (Fig. 11). On a hot day, the faces of prisms from evacuated double-glazed windows 7, located parallel to the effective insulation, create a continuous plane that prevents the penetration of warm outdoor air from the street. At the same time, faces 8 of prisms 6 reflect solar radiation on the surface of solar panels 10, helping to cool the walls and ensure the operation of solar panels.

The advantages of the dynamic facade include the ability to replace the effective insulation layer during the overhaul of the building by preliminary removal of the prisms, which cannot be done in other cases when the insulation is located inside the wall.

Bibliographic list

1. G.M. Wallner, R. Hausner, H. Hegedys, H. Schobermayr, R.W. Lang. Application Demonstration and Performance of Cellulose Triacetate Polymer Film Based Transparent Insulation Wall Heating System. Solar Energy, Vol. 80, 1410-1416, 2006.

2. I.L. Wong, P.C. Eames, R.S. Perera A Review of Transparent Insulation System and the Evaluation of Payback Period for Building Applications. Solar Energy, Vol. 81, pp. 1058-1071, 2007.

3. Patent 2382164 Russian Federation. Solar facade with a vacuum double-glazed window / Strebkov D.S., Mitina I.V .; applicant and patent holder: Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Scientific Institution All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Electrification of Agriculture (GNU VIESKH RUSSELLOZAKADEMII) - No. 2008148711/03; Claim 12/11/2008; publ. 02/20/2010, Bull. No. 15 - 5 s.

Claims (4)

1. Dynamic energy-saving facade with variable properties, comprising a wall with effective insulation and an outer layer, characterized in that the outer layer consists of triangular prisms mounted with the possibility of synchronous rotation around their vertical axes parallel in parallel in the same plane, the side faces of which can be aligned in one planes or parallel planes and have the following properties: the first face in the form of a vacuum glass unit with a thickness of 6-8 mm with a vacuum of 10 ^-3 -10 ^-4 mm RT.article and with a selective coating on the inner surface of the glass with an emissivity ε = 0.10-0.20, connected to two other faces having a selective coating on the inner surfaces with an absorption coefficient α = 0.80-0.95 and emissivity ε = 0.10-0.20; the second face has a coating on the outside with a reflection coefficient ρ = 0.85-0.90, and the third face has a solar film on the outside. 2. A dynamic energy-saving facade with variable properties according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper plugs of the triangular prisms with their hollow nozzles exit into a horizontally sealed duct that has a channel perpendicular to it with a supply valve facing the inner edge of the wall. 3. A dynamic energy-saving facade with variable properties according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a device for turning prisms and a control unit operating in automatic mode according to a given program when changing operating conditions. 4. A dynamic energy-saving facade with variable properties according to claim 1, characterized in that for working in stand-alone mode it has a controller for converting solar energy into electric, battery and inverter for converting direct current to alternating current.

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