RU2708061C1 - Method for rapid instrumental evaluation of energy parameters of a useful signal and unintentional interference on the antenna input of an on-board radio receiver with a telephone output in the aircraft - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering and communications.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aircraft radio communication and radio navigation and can be used for rapid instrumental evaluation of energy parameters of useful signal (US) and unintentional noise (UN) at antenna input of on-board radio receiver (RR) with telephone output in aircraft (AC). For this, the method provides quantitative instrumental estimation of power parameters of the US and UN on the antenna input of the onboard RR with a substantially nonlinear flat amplitude characteristic (AX) at the telephone output of the RR or the output of the aircraft intercommunication system (AIS) in the standard mode of radio reception of radiation of the class A3E or F3E ("telephony" with two-band analogue AM or FM) in the process of additional operational control (AOC) of the RR in ground and flight conditions in the aircraft.

EFFECT: high accuracy of estimating interference.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The field of technology.

The invention relates to aeronautical radio communications and radio navigation and can be used for operational instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of a useful signal (PS) and unintentional interference (NP) at the antenna input of an onboard radio receiver (RPM) with a telephone output as part of a transport vehicle (airplane) or helicopter) during ground and flight tests of aircraft for the assessment of electromagnetic safety and compatibility (EMBS) of RPM with radio transmitters (RPM) of airborne and airfield radio stations (PC), electrodin isolation and azimuthal radiation patterns of antennas onboard and airport PCs, as well as operational instrumental monitoring of the technical state of RPMs during operation as part of an aircraft in ground and flight conditions, electromagnetic conditions (EMO) on routes and in areas of test and operational flights of an aircraft without involving These purposes are measuring equipment for general and special (service) purposes such as measuring antennas, measuring receivers and analyzers of the spectrum of radio signals and radio interference.

The claimed method can be directly used for operational instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of the PS and NP at the antenna inputs of the RPM with the telephone output of the aerodrome radio equipment for communication and navigation, as well as similar RPMs located on mobile objects of automobile and marine transport and at stationary objects for various purposes of land and sea based.

1. The prior art.

1.1. According to the requirements of the current Aviation Rules, all types of transport aircraft such as an airplane or helicopter are required to be equipped with some type of onboard PC near and far radio communications, operating as part of the aircraft alternately in radio reception and transmission modes of radiation class A3E or F3E (“telephony” with two-way analogue AM or FM) in the bands of meter (MB) and decameter (DKMV) waves, and on-board radio navigation equipment (RNO) such as automatic radio compasses (ARC), course (RC), glide path (hydraulic fracturing) and marker (MCI) receivers in the ranges of medium-wave (CB), meter (MB) and decimeter (UHF) waves with a telephone (sound) output for sound notification to the aircraft crew and recognition on board the aircraft of ground-based navigation beacons and beacons of the ILS, VOR, P-50, RSBN.

The onboard RPMs of these types perform essential and critical functions to ensure safe flights on the routes and in the areas of test and operational flights of aircraft and during instrumental landing of aircraft, as a result of which their technical condition under the influence of additive NPs significantly affects the flight safety of aircraft and the possibility of successful completion flight of an aircraft in the event of special situations in flight.

The voltage of the SS (NP) of class A3E or F3E at the antenna input of the on-board RPM with telephone output is a continuous quasi-harmonic oscillation, the current values of which are given by the general analytical expression

where and _{ps (np)} , is the effective value (level) of the carrier PS (NP);

f _{ps (np)} , ϕ ₀ is the frequency of the carrier PS (NP), matching or close to the operating letter frequency of the RPM f _ppm ≈ f _{ps (np)} , and an arbitrary initial phase of the PS (NP);

m _{ps (np)} (t) or FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) - analog AM or FM, which in the general case contains useful informational and spurious residual components.

The main energy parameters are the voltage of the substation (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) of class A3E or F3E, normalized in normative and technical documents (NTD), affecting the technical condition and technical characteristics of the onboard RPM with telephone output during its ground and flight tests and operation as part of the aircraft and subject to operational instrumental assessment of the claimed method are the effective value (level) of the carrier PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} , the amplitude value (coefficient AM or frequency deviation of the FM) of the useful information component and the effective value (level) of the residual parasitic AM m _{ps (np)} (t) or FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) taking into account the parasitic introduced by the RPM amplitude m _w (t) or phase ϕ _w (t) noise.

The need for operational instrumental assessment of the indicated energy parameters of the SS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) arises to confirm their compliance with the requirements of the technical documentation, as well as during ground and flight tests of aircraft to assess the EMB of onboard RPM with RPD of onboard and aerodrome PCs, electrodynamic isolation and radiation patterns of their airborne and airfield antennas in the near and far zones of their radio emission and radio reception, with operational instrumental monitoring of electromagnetic radiation on the routes and zones of test and operational flights of aircraft. However, the practical implementation of such an assessment at the antenna input of an onboard RPM as part of an aircraft in ground and flight conditions by known methods encounters significant difficulties associated with the need to use general or special (service) purpose measuring equipment such as measuring antennas, measuring receivers or spectrum analyzers radio range, which usually requires significant material costs, time and labor resources and leads to a rise in price and increase in life s ground and flight tests of aircraft operation and maintenance.

1.2. For these reasons, only operational instrumental monitoring of the on-board RPM serviceability with telephone output and analogue processing of input signals (PS, NP) as part of the aircraft with an integrated monitoring system (VSK) during RPM operation in the “Control” mode according to the results of tolerance monitoring of the LF level is currently performed - voltage at the telephone low-frequency output of the RPM when exposed to its high-frequency antenna input calibrated test signal VSK. However, VSKs of the indicated type do not provide the required completeness and depth of operational instrumental control of the technical state and technical characteristics of RPMs, since for technical reasons they do not allow controlling the energy parameters of the substation (NP) at the antenna input of the RPM and predicting the operability and efficiency (quality) of functioning from the results of the control RPM in flight, quickly identify in normal modes of RPM functioning changes in its technical condition and functional failures that create prerequisites links for the occurrence of special flight situations of aircraft under the influence of various kinds of additive radio interference at the RF antenna input of the RPM, including the most powerful and dangerous additive NPs, caused by the main and secondary radio emissions of the RPD of ground and airborne radio stations operating simultaneously or in conjunction with the onboard RPM on reference frequencies that coincide or are close to the main (OKP), adjacent (UPC) or side (PKP) channels for receiving RPM and / or causing blocking (overload) of RPM, cross-modulation and intermodulation of voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1).

During ground and flight tests and operation of aircraft, in addition to the VSC, expert organoleptic methods are used for operational monitoring of on-board RPMs with telephone output, allowing a qualitative assessment of the current technical condition of RPMs on the intelligibility of useful sound information (speech) on the RPM telephone output under conditions of exposure to its antenna input PS (NP) u _{nc (np) (t)} and detect unacceptable deterioration of functioning and functional failures of PRM unacceptable reduction in sound quality information (pa speech clarity) on the telephone line of the RPM up to two points and up to one point, respectively (see [1] “Typical Methods for Evaluating the Electromagnetic Compatibility of On-Board Radio Equipment Installed on GA Aircraft”. - M.: State Scientific Research Institute “Aeronavigation” and State. SC "LII named after MM Gromov", 1995, pp. 4-7, 23-29, 37-41; further: "Typical methodology ...").

However, expert organoleptic control methods only record the fact of an unacceptable change in the current technical state of the RPM in the composition of the aircraft and allow speech intelligibility in single-signal and two-signal radio reception modes of PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) to only tentatively estimate in points the levels of PS and NP on antenna input RPM and the correlation of their levels, but not able to determine absolute quantitative values of levels carrier U _{ps (bp),} useful information and residual parasitic components AM m _{ps (np) (t)} or FM Δf _{ps (np) (t)} voltage U (TM) u _{nc (np) (t)} (1), substantially affecting the basic technical condition indicators RPM - its performance and efficiency (quality) of the operation under the action of the NP and such specifications PRM like EMBS with RAP board and airfield PC, electrodynamic decoupling and radiation patterns of antennas onboard and airfield PCs in the near distant and areas of their radio emission and radio reception, EMO energy parameters on the routes and zones of test and operational aircraft flights. Expert organoleptic methods are also inherent in the subjectivity of evaluating the results of operational control and testing of RPMs and the dependence of these results on the physical condition and professional skills of RPM operators.

1.3. From these drawbacks of expert organoleptic control methods and existing VSK RPM with analog processing of input RF signals (PS, NP), free single-signal methods of measuring and quantitative instrumental estimation of parameters of PS (NP) directly at the output of the receiving antenna-feeder path (AFT) connected as part of an aircraft with an RF connector with a telephone output of an on-board RPM, a measuring receiver or a spectrum analyzer for general or special (service) purposes after undocking the AFT connector from the antennas RPM input. It is also possible to connect the measuring equipment to the RPM antenna input through a directional coupler or power divider included in the gap between the RPM antenna input and the on-board AFT. At the same time, measuring receivers with analog and digital processing of input RF signals (PS, NP) provide, in a single-signal measurement mode, an unambiguous quantitative assessment of the carrier level and parameters of the analog AM (FM) voltage of PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) according to the results measuring the parameters of the output LF voltage obtained as a result of amplitude or frequency detection of the converted PS (NP) voltage in the measuring receiver and amplification to direct current and at low (sound) frequencies with the display (indication) of the result Measurements on a linear or logarithmic scale with calibrated dial, electronic or digital indicators of direct and alternating current using built-in devices for calibrating indicator scales.

In contrast, general-purpose and special-purpose (service) spectrum analyzers implement, in a single-signal mode, methods for directly measuring the spectrograms of input radio signals (PS or NP) with spectrograms displayed on the analyzer's display (monitor) screen and then recalculating the spectrogram parameters to controlled PS energy parameters ( NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) at the RPM antenna input, which complicates the operational estimation of the parameters compared to their direct measurement by measuring receivers. For this reason, for the quantitative instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of the PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) at the antenna input of the onboard RPM, the measurement methods implemented by the measuring receivers deserve preference.

The dynamic range of measuring receivers and spectrum analyzers for general and special (service) purposes with analog and digital processing of radio signals (PS, NP) and linear AX usually does not exceed 20 ... 30 dB, and with a logarithmic AX 60 dB relative to their threshold noise sensitivity (cm . [2]. Measurement of radio signals and interference. "News firm" Rode and Schwartz ". Special issue (in Russian), 1985, p. 53-54). To expand the dynamic range of the measuring receiver or spectrum analyzer, a set of precision attenuators with discretely switchable electrical distance attenuation in the range of 100 ... 110 dB with a step of 10 dB is usually installed at its antenna input, or they provide a reduction in the converted PS (NP) voltage levels in the specified range using program methods (for measuring equipment with digital processing), which increases the total range of measured levels of the carrier PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) to 120 ... 140 dB when using linear oh AH and up to 160 ... 170 dB - when using a logarithmic AH.

At present, measuring receivers and spectrum analyzers for general and special (service) purposes are mainly used as part of stationary or automobile airfield and airfield airborne measuring and computing systems (antenna) for antenna measurements and routine maintenance with airborne PCs and airborne radio relay devices in laboratory conditions before their installation on the aircraft and after dismantling the RPM from the aircraft, or as part of the aircraft in ground conditions on specially equipped airfield measuring sites and provide high accuracy in measuring carrier levels and parameters of analog AM and FM FS voltage (PS) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) (with errors not exceeding ± 1 ... 1.5 dB at PS (NP) carrier levels reaching extreme conditions of 120 ... 140 dB relative to the threshold noise sensitivity of the RPM. The practical use of the indicated technically complex, difficult to operate and expensive CPI as part of transport aircraft in flight conditions is hindered by technical difficulties that arise when they are placed on board the aircraft, providing power to the IVC from the onboard system we power with a frequency of 400 Hz, insufficient acoustic, vibration and shock resistance VCI in flight in a powerful acoustic, mechanical vibration and shock impacts. There are also a number of technical and other restrictions, including a violation of the structural and functional integrity (unity) of the onboard RPM and its AFT as part of the aircraft when measuring equipment is connected directly to the AFT output after undocking the AFT RF connector from the RPM antenna input, which leads to complete the loss of performance RPM, increases the complexity and duration of maintenance RPM in the composition of the aircraft and creates the prerequisites for reducing its reliability and reliability due to the influence of the human factor on awn appearance defects mechanical connection RPM and AFL RF connector.

1.4. Indirect single-signal methods for measuring and quantitative instrumental estimation of the parameters of the PS (NP) at the antenna input of the onboard RPM are also known, providing direct measurement of the electric and magnetic field strength of the PS (NP) in free space near the receiving antenna of the onboard RPM with a measuring antenna connected by a calibrated cable to the measuring receiver or a spectrum analyzer located on board the aircraft or near the aircraft, without violating the structural and functional integrity (unity) of the RPM and its AFT in leaving the aircraft with subsequent conversion of the measured values of the electric and magnetic field strengths to the energy parameters of the PS (NP) at the RPM antenna input according to the known electrodynamic parameters and characteristics of the receiving antenna, AFT and RPM antenna RF input using their mathematical models and special software. At the same time, errors in the quantitative assessment of absolute PS (NP) levels by the indicated indirect methods in the operating frequency ranges of onboard RPM in flight conditions under the expected testing and operating conditions of the aircraft can reach 3 ... 5 dB or more due to the lack of reliable initial data on electrodynamic parameters and characteristics receiving antenna, AFT and RPM antenna input under these conditions, as well as methodological errors caused by the approximate nature of the mathematical models used, and computational errors of the software biscuits.

Known hardware implementations of these assessment methods in ship and airfield conditions, proposed in RF patents for invention RU 2374654 dated 12/27/2007, IPC G01R 29/08 (2006.01) “Method for assessing the electromagnetic compatibility of ship technical equipment and hardware complex for its implementation” [3 ] and RU 2638079 C1 of 19.10. 2016 “A method for measuring the azimuthal radiation pattern of an antenna as part of large-sized moving land objects and a device for its implementation” [4] and are functionally complex large-sized stationary structures. It is not possible to equip the existing fleet of transport aircraft or at least a certain part of it with such airborne IVCs for technical and financial reasons.

In the RF patent for the invention RU 2251803 C1 dated July 20, 2004, “A Method for Determining Information Parameters and Characteristics of Transmitter Radio Signals” [5], a method is proposed for determining information parameters and power flux density (MRF) of radio signals from ground-based stationary radio equipment of the RSBN and base mobile radio stations of general mobile access on routes and in civil aviation flight zones in the interest of providing EMC for on-board radio-based equipment of RSBN with ground-based RPDs - sources of NP for RSBN, and in the RF patent for and purchase RU 2267862 C1 dated July 20, 2004 “A device for determining the information parameters and characteristics of radio signals of transmitters” [6] a device (more precisely, CPM) for implementing this method is proposed that is located on board an aircraft - flying laboratory (LL) and provides monitoring of interference EMO on the routes and in the areas of flight of transport aviation according to the results of measurement and statistical processing of spectrograms of radio signals from ground RPMs received by a calibrated measuring antenna IVK, using for this purpose an analyzer pektra and three onboard processors (computers) general purpose. The on-board CPM also includes GPS satellite navigation equipment for determining the relative position of ground RPDs and LL, an on-board recording and storage system for measurement information and RPD radio emission spectrograms.

According to the materials set forth in the descriptions of RF patents for inventions RU 2251803 [5] and RU 2267862 [6], on-board processors (computers) with the necessary software and mathematical software (SPM) for statistical processing of spectrograms allow determining the total (cumulative) MRP of received radio signals of several ground RPM and partial RPM of each individual RPM in the operating letter frequency band of RSBN ground and airborne equipment in free space on the routes and in aircraft flight areas with high accuracy (with errors not exceeding 1.5 ... 2 dB) , but equipping transport aircraft with similar CPIs in the foreseeable future is also not possible.

1.5. In principle, to measure the carrier levels and the AM or FM voltage parameters of the PS (NP) voltage at the antenna input of the onboard RPM during testing and operation as part of an aircraft in a limited range of measured levels, you can use the single-signal method of measuring the parameters of radio signals with a measuring receiver, as described in section 1.2 above, after appropriate revision board PRM and its FAC and equipping them with technical means measuring voltage Substation carrier (NA) u _{nc (np) (t)} (1) after the pretreatment, detection, amplification output apryazheniya detector DC and calibration (or graduation) and RPM gauges indicators.

However, this method has not yet received practical application for the operational instrumental assessment of the parameters of PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) in existing RPMs with telephone output, not only due to the lack of their composition and as part of the on-board and service electronic equipment of the aircraft of the necessary technical or software-algorithmic means, but mainly because the output amplitude (AX) and detector (DX) characteristics (RP) of the RPM are substantially non-linear in the normal operating modes of radio reception of class A3E or F3E radiation Due to the fact that, in accordance with the requirements of the NTD, the built-in automatic gain control (AGC) system of RPM and the technical means of amplitude limiting the converted input FM signals (PS, NP) to RPM provide effective stabilization of the levels of sound signals (speech) in the headphones of the headset of the RPM operator in the expected testing and operational conditions of the RPM as part of the aircraft.

In this case, the initial monotonically varying nonlinear portion of the output AX is U _o (U _{ps (np)} | M U _{ps (np)} ) or U _o (U _{ps (np)} | Δf _{max.ps (np)} ), which reflects the functional dependence of the LF U _output voltage at the telephone line output of the RPM from the carrier level UU _{ps (np)} HF voltage of the PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) at the antenna input of the RPM at a fixed value of the coefficient M _{ps (np) of the} useful information AM m _{ps (np)} (t) or frequency deviation Δf _{max. ps (np) of} useful informational FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) RF RF voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) as an AX parameter, usually does not exceed 15 ... 20 dB relative to the nominal threshold sensitivity of the RPM for nominal noise U _por.nsh , and the flat sections of the output AX U _out (U _in | M _in ), U _out (U _in | Δf _{max. in} ) extend to the upper limit of the dynamic range of the RPM, reaching 90 ... 100 dB for RPM onboard MB- and DKMV - radio stations and 70 ... 80 dB for RPM of onboard RNO LA (see [7]. Technical requirements for aircraft equipment. Appendix to Chapter 8 of NLGS-2 “Aircraft Equipment”. - M.: MVK according to standards m airworthiness. 1974, pp. 200-201, 220-222, and [8] "Uniform standards of airworthiness of aircraft (ENLGS) transport category. Appendix A8", pp. 217-224). It is also necessary to increase the attenuation of the discretely adjustable attenuators RPM and RPD to 45 ... 50 dB in steps of no more than 10 dB.

1.6. According to the results of the analysis of the known methods described in the patents [3-6] and in the NTD [7-8], at present there are no methods and technical solutions providing an operative instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of the substation and receiver at the antenna input of the onboard RPM with telephone output at ground and flight tests and operation as part of an aircraft without involving for this purpose measuring equipment of general and special (service) purpose such as measuring antennas, measuring receivers and spectrum analyzers of radio signals, which requires, as a result, a substantial functional and constructive complication of the on-board and service equipment for operational RPM monitoring as part of the aircraft, significant financial and labor costs and time-consuming material and technical support, preparation and implementation of ground and flight tests of RPM and its maintenance during operation as part of the aircraft.

This application proposes for the first time a solution to the urgent technical problem of the operational instrumental assessment of the PS and NP energy parameters at the antenna input of an existing fleet of RPM aircraft with a telephone output in an aircraft in ground and flight conditions using mainly proprietary RPM hardware and RPD source PS (NP) , on-board and service electronic equipment of the aircraft, if this is not enough, the technical means of the airborne or aerodrome-airborne IVK of the aircraft for measurement, magnetic recording and processing scopes of the effective values (levels) of the LF voltage at the telephone line of the RPM without involving for these purposes measuring equipment of general and special (service) purpose such as measuring antennas, measuring receivers and spectrum analyzers.

The claimed method has no direct analogues among the known methods described in the patents [3-6] and using measuring equipment of these types. Far analogues of the claimed method are single-signal methods for measuring the technical characteristics of the on-board RPM with a telephone output to confirm their compliance with the requirements of the technical documentation [7-8] during periodic routine maintenance in laboratory and bench conditions, set forth in the specified technical documentation and technical documentation on the performance of routine maintenance of specific types of on-board PCs and onboard RNO, for example, [9] "Radio Harlequin D". The manual for the technical operation of the IV 1.104.136 OM, book 1. The maintenance manual for the RO 023.10.00. Adjustment and testing ”, pp. 513-528. The prototype is single-signal and two-signal methods for evaluating the EMC of onboard PC and onboard RNO as part of an aircraft in ground and flight conditions, described in the “Typical Methodology ...” [1]. Moreover, the common essential features of the claimed method and its distant analogues [7-9] and prototype [1] are that they include an onboard RPM, an aerodrome or onboard RPD — a PS (NP) source in the normal operating modes of radio reception and, accordingly, class A3E radio transmission either F3E with a two-way analog AM or FM, amplifies and converts the frequency of the voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) into RPM at high (HF) and non-zero intermediate (IF) frequencies, detecting the converted PS (NP ) hardware (in the usual (non-sync it) transistor or semiconductor amplitude detector (AM) or in a similar frequency detector (BH) differentiating type) or software-algorithmic means in RPM with digital signal processing, amplification of the output low-frequency voltage of the detector in a linear low-frequency amplifier (ULF), automatic adjustment amplification (AGC) of RPM in RF, IF and LF and additionally the amplitude limitation of the converted PS (NP) with an analog FM for effective stabilization of the levels of sound signals (speech) in the headphones of an airborne headset RPM in the expected conditions of testing and operating RPM as part of the aircraft, and then measure and analyze the levels of low-frequency voltage on the telephone output of the RPM in the selected operating modes of RPM and RPM.

However, distant analogues [7–9] and prototype [1], as well as the previously discussed method for integrated monitoring of the on-board RPM operability with a telephone output, do not allow for technical reasons described in subsections 1.2 and 1.5 above to quantify and control changes in the main (influencing on the technical characteristics and technical condition) of the energy parameters of the voltage of the PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) at the RPM antenna input as part of the aircraft in ground and flight conditions, in particular due to the significant nonlinearity of the AX and RP RPMs, lack of n stvuyuschih PRM required of hardware or software and algorithmic means, and in TD RPM - required a priori information on the quantitative relationship between functional levels LF output voltage u _O (t) at the output RPM telephone with one hand, and energy parameters of the SS voltage (NP) u _{nc (np)} (t) - on the other.

2. The essence of the claimed invention

2.1. The objective of the claimed invention is to develop a method for the operational instrumental assessment of the PS and NP energy parameters at the antenna input of an existing fleet of RPM aircraft with a telephone output as part of an aircraft in standard radio emission regimes of class A3E or F3E emissions (with two-band analog AM or FM) in real ground and flight conditions testing and operation of aircraft based on other radio engineering principles and technical means (mainly proprietary RPM hardware, electronic equipment of aircraft and RPD - source nickname PS or NP) and other technical solutions for the rational selection of used technical means, parameters and modes of their operation than in the known direct and indirect single-signal methods described in patents [3-6], without involving for these purposes measuring equipment of general and special (service) purpose such as measuring antennas, measuring receivers and spectrum analyzers.

The technical result to which the invention is directed is to ensure the efficiency of instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of substations and NPs at the antenna input of an existing fleet of on-board RPMs with a telephone output as part of the aircraft, mainly by their own technical means on-board RPM, RPD - source of PS (NP), on-board and service electronic equipment of the aircraft and, if this is not enough, technical means of measuring, magnetic recording and processing of effective values (levels) of low-frequency at the telephone output of the RPM (such as an LF-millivoltmeter, magnetic recording means and computers) as part of an airborne or aerodrome-airborne IVK LA, excluding the use for these purposes of measuring equipment of general and special (service) purpose such as measuring antennas, measuring receivers and spectrum analyzers of radio signals and radio noise.

Also, the claimed method provides the possibility of operational instrumental control of the main indicators of the technical state of the RPM - its operability and efficiency (quality) of operation during testing and operation as part of the aircraft in ground and flight conditions, the energy parameters of the electromagnetic radiation on the boron of the aircraft on the routes and in the areas of test and operational flights Aircraft and such technical characteristics of onboard PCs and onboard RNOs as EMBS of their RPM and RPD, electrodynamic isolation and azimuthal radiation pattern PC and RNO airborne and airborne airborne antennas, which allows to increase the testability and efficiency (quantity) of aircraft ground and flight tests to assess the technical condition and technical characteristics of the airborne RPM as part of the aircraft, to expand the arsenal of technical solutions and means of operational instrumental control of the technical condition and technical characteristics RPM as part of the aircraft during testing and operation of the aircraft as it is, to increase the completeness and depth of control and thereby increase the flight safety of aircraft in complex EMO under the condition ditions additive effects of NP, reduce the financial and human costs and time spent on logistics, preparation and implementation of ground and flight testing and maintenance at RPM operation as part of the aircraft technical condition.

2.2. To achieve the specified technical result in the proposed method, which includes the inclusion of an on-board RPM, airfield or on-board radio transmitter (RPD) - a PS (NP) source in the normal operating modes of radio reception and, accordingly, radio transmission of radiation of class A3E or F3E ("telephony" with two-band analog AM or FM ), amplification and conversion of the frequency of the input RF signal (PS, NP) to RPM at high (RF) and nonzero intermediate (IF) frequencies, detection of the converted signal (PS, NP) in a conventional (non-synchronous) transistor or a semiconductor amplitude detector (AM) or in a similar frequency detector (BH) of differentiating type, amplification of the output low-frequency voltage of the detector in a linear low-frequency amplifier (VLF), automatic gain control (AGC) of the RPM by RF, IF and LF and additionally amplitude restriction of the converted input signals (PS, NP) of class F3E for effective stabilization of the levels of sound signals (speech) in the headphones of the airborne RPM operator in the expected conditions of testing and operation of the RPM as part of the aircraft, which during many flight tests of an aircraft to assess the electromagnetic safety and compatibility (EMBS) of an onboard RPM with RPD of ground and onboard radio stations (PC), electrodynamic isolation and radiation patterns of aerodrome and onboard antennas PC, as well as during operational monitoring of the technical condition of an RPM during operation as part of an aircraft in ground and flight conditions and electromagnetic environment (EMO) on board the aircraft on the routes and in the areas of test and operational flights perform additional operational control (MLC) RPM as part of the aircraft in three stages all-in-one single-signal control modes (ORC) and previously (before the start of the MLC) - calibration of normalized amplitude characteristics (AX) of the RPM in single-signal calibration modes (ORG), which are mainly similar to the RPM of the RPM;

at the same time, in the course of the DOK, they measure, register, perform statistical processing in time and normalize the current effective values (levels) U _output.n (t) of the LF voltage u _output.n (t) at the telephone output of the RPM mainly by its own technical means of RPM, electronic aircraft equipment, aerodrome (airborne) RPD - PS (NP) source and, if necessary, service low-frequency millivoltmeter, magnetic recorder and computer of the measurement and computing complex (IVK) of the aircraft in three (n = 0, 1,2) reference RPM RPMs: the absence of RPM PS and N at the antenna input Original (n = 0) preparatory JWC when exposed PS voltage (TM) class A3E or F3E

with the effective value (level) of the carrier U _{ps (np)} , the frequency of the carrier f _{ps (np)} , matching or close to the selected operating RPM letter frequency f _ppm ≈ f _{ps (np)} , the initial phase ϕ ₀ and with the typical phases specified in the technical documentation (TD) by the operational parameters of the useful information component of the analog AM m _{ps (np)} (t) or FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) in the 1st (n = 1) full-time ORC and when exposed to PS (NP) u _{ps (np )} (t) (1) without useful information modulation (with an unmodulated carrier U _{ps (np)} ) in the 2nd (n = 2) alternative ORC;

the required RPM ORCs are provided by switching on (installing) alternately automatically or at the commands of the RPM operator the corresponding operating modes of the airfield or airborne RPD - PS (NP) source: when the RPD radio emission is off in the initial (n = 0) RPM RPM, in the normal mode of radio transmission of the main RPM radiation class A3E or F3E with typical operational parameters of the useful information AM or FM specified in the technical documentation (TD) in the 1st (n = 1) standard ORC and in the radio transmission mode of the main radiation of the RPD without useful information m modulation of (unmodulated carrier) in the 2 m (n = 2) alternate JWC;

during statistical processing of the results of measurement and registration of the RPM low-voltage levels U _output.n (t) in three (n = 0, 1, 2) ORCs, the airborne or airfield computers are determined by standard methods, their time-averaged values U _output.n and standard deviations ΔU _out.n after rejecting gross deviations of the levels U _out.n (t) from their average values U _out.n for 3 ... 5 seconds with a sample size of N _n >> 1 and with a sampling frequency of not more than 100 Hz; then calculate the values:

ratio of averaged levels

characterizing, according to their physical meaning, the normalized (dimensionless) averaged levels U _{output 1} , U _{output 2} LF-voltage PS (NP) u _{output 1} (t), u _{output 2} (t) at the telephone line output RPM in the 1st and accordingly in the 2nd ORC;

normalized (dimensionless) standard deviations

confidence limits (dg) of the statistical estimate in the Gaussian approximation of the normalized average levels δ _out.10 , δ _out.20 , δ _out.3, with the guaranteed probability of their reliable (correct) assessment not less than 0.997:

then determined by graphic constructions or graph-analytically by computer numerical value of the carrier level U _{ps (np)} SS voltage (TM) U _{ps (np) (t)} normalized by the nominal _gvyh.1 δ (U _n) and two alternative δ _{gvyh .2} (U _tf ), δ _{outgo. 3} (U _tf ) calibration RPM of the RPM as functions of the carrier level of the U _{tf of a} quasi-harmonic test signal of class A3E or F3E at the RPM antenna input

previously obtained (before the start of the MLC) when calibrating the AC RPM in three (n = 0, 1,2) standard single-signal calibration modes (ORG), similar mainly to three ORC RPM; wherein the measurement in step MLC value of the carrier level PS (NP) U = U _{docking ps (np)} take the value of the test signal level U _ts, where the measured value in step MLC normalized level _chan.1 δ, δ _chan.2 , δ _out.3 coincides with the normalized calibration AX δ _{high 1} U _ts ), δ _{high 2} (U _t ), δ _{high 3} (U _t ) in its monotonously varying section (for 1 <δ out ₁ <δ _{output 1.max} ; 1> δ _{output 2} > δ _{output 2.min} ; 1> δ _{output 3} > δ _{output 3.min} ), t.s.

where U _rpd.1 / U _rpd.2 - the ratio of the levels of the carrier U _rpd.1 , U _{rpd.2 of the} output RF signal u _rpd (t) RPD - source PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) in the 1st and 2nd ORC RPM;

δ _out.1.max - the maximum value of the ratio δ _out.1 on the upper flat section of the normalized standard AX δ _out.1 (U _ps ) as a function of the level of the carrier U _ps ;

δ _out.2.min << 1, δ _out.3.min << 1 - the minimum value of the ratio δ _out.2 , δ _out.3 on the lower flat section of the normalized alternative _AC RPM δ _out.20 (U _ps ), δ _{out 21} (U _ps ) as functions of the PS carrier level U _ps ;

Further, the calculated value U _doc = U _{doc 1} ≈ U _{doc. 3 is} used to quantify the level of the carrier PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} = U _doc on the initial flat or non-monotonously varying section by an alternative calibration AH δ _{decimal. 2} (U _tf )> 1, and the calculated value of U _doc = U _doc . ₂ ≈ U _{doc. 3} - in a monotonously decreasing section of the AX δ _{high 2} (U _tf ) <1;

in a similar way, the confidence limits of the statistical estimate of the measured PS (NP) carrier level are calculated U _{ps (np)} = U _doc , namely, at the intersection of the upper (+) and lower (-) confidence boundaries (3) of the normalized levels δ _out.1 , δ _out.2 , δ _out.3 with the upper (+) and lower (-) confidence limits of the normalized calibration AH δ _{high 1} (U _tf ), δ _{hot 2} (U _tf ), δ _{hot 3} (U _tf ) at U _tf = U _doc , given by general expressions similar to expressions (3);

the amplitude value of the coefficient AM M _{ps (np)} or FM frequency deviation Δf _{max.ps (np) of the} useful information component of the analog AM m _{ps (np)} (t) or FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) voltage PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} (t) (1) is determined by the claimed method according to the normalized calibration DX RPM δ _{high 1} (U _tf | M _tf ) or δ _{hot 1} (U _tc | Δf _max.tc ), previously obtained as a function of the harmonic coefficient AM M _tf or frequency harmonic frequency deviation Δf _{max.tc of the} test signal u _tf (t) (4) at a fixed level of the carrier of the test signal U _tf = U _doc as a parameter of the indicated DX;

at the same time, for the quantitative value of the coefficient AM M _doc or the FM frequency deviation Δf _max.dock measured at the DOK stage, then the value of the harmonic FM coefficient M _tc or the harmonic FM frequency deviation Δf _{max.tc of the} test signal u _tc (t) is _taken (4 ), at which the measured value of the normalized level δ _ex.1 matches the calibration _DF δ _{high 1} (M _tf | U _doc ) or δ _{hot 1} (Δf _max.tf | U _doc ), i.e.

Further, the measured values of M _doc , Δf _max.doc and normalized level δ _out.3 are used to determine the computer of the aircraft or the CPI of the effective value (level) m _opt.doc , Δf _{opt.doc of the} residual parasitic component (opt) AM AM m _{ps (np )} (t) either FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) taking into account spurious introduced RPM amplitude m _w (t) or phase ϕ _w (t) LF - noise in terms

after which they evaluate by expert methods or automatically on a computer the conformity of the carrier levels U _dock measured at the DOK stage, the amplitude values M _dock , Δf _{max.doc of} useful information components and levels m _opt.doc , Δf _{opt.doc of} residual spurious components AM m _{ps (n )} (t) or FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) the requirements of the technical documentation.

2.3. Salient features of the claimed method is also that a quantitative instrumental assessment of the level of the carrier PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} = U _dock at the PKD stage is performed according to the proposed technical solutions for the rational selection of the used technical means, parameters and modes of their operation in three ( n = 0, 1, 2) RPC RPM in the following sequence:

(a) at the beginning of the initial (n = 0) ORC, they include an on-board RPM at the selected operating letter frequency f _rpm ≈ f _{ps (np)} in the radio reception mode of input RF signals (PS, NP) of class A3E or F3E, set automatically on a computer or manually by the manual gain control (RRU) maximum RPM gain with the noise suppressor (PS) turned off by the RPM of the on-board radio station, and by the manual volume control (RRG) by the nominal level specified in the TD (effective value) U _{output ns} of the natural low-frequency noise u _{output 0} (t) at the telephone output of the RPM in the absence of the selected operating frequency of the RPM f _{rpm of the} input RF signals (PS, NP, other external and internal RF interference and acoustic noise of the aircraft of unacceptable levels), is measured by the built-in or service voltmeter and recorded by the means of magnetic recording or computer of the aircraft current values of the level U _{output. 0} (t) voltage of the low-frequency noise of the RPM u _output.0 (t) for 3 ... 5 seconds no more with a sample size of N ₀ >> 1 and a sampling frequency of F ₀ ≤100 Hz;

(b) to ensure the required 1st and 2nd ORCs, RPMs include (install), alternately, at the commands of the RPM operator or automatically a computer, the corresponding operating modes of the airfield or airborne RPD - the source of the PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) ) at the operating letter frequency f _rpd , selected from the conditions of coincidence of the main or secondary radiation of the RPD with the main channel for receiving the RPD at the working letter frequency f _rpdm , measure with the built-in voltmeter RPD and document the levels of the carrier U _RPD.1 , U _{RPD.2 of the} output RF voltage u _RAP (1) of the main radiation RAP in the 1st and in the 2nd Mode radio; if necessary, turn on and off the commands of the RPM operator or automatically the computer attenuation of the built-in discretely adjustable attenuators RPD and RPM; the moments of turning on and off the operating modes of the onboard RPM and RPD and the attenuation of the attenuators of the RPM and RPD are recorded on board the aircraft in the form of one-time commands;

(c) during operation of the RPD - source of the PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) in the 1st and 2nd modes of radio transmission, adjust the frequency of the RPM or RPD, if provided for in the TD, according to the maximum the level of the output low-frequency voltage PS (NP) U _{output 1} (t) in the 1st ORC RPM and the minimum level of voltage low-frequency noise U _{output 2} (t) in the 2nd ORC RPM after the end of transients in a closed system AGC RPM, and then measured with a voltmeter in the 1st ORK and a millivoltmeter in the 2nd ORK and recorded by the on-board or service recorder of the aircraft the current values of the level U _{output. 1} (t) LF voltage of the PS (NP) and _{output 1} (t) 1st level and the RCA _chan.2 U (t) the voltage noise LF own _chan.2 U (t) in the 2nd JWC for not more than 3 ... 5 seconds from the sample size N _1, N ₂ >> 1 and sampling frequency <100 Hz;

then they turn off automatically or at the commands of the operator of the RPM the radio emission of the RPD - the source of the PS (NP) and, depending on the technical capabilities of the onboard computers of the aircraft and their software, perform secondary processing of the measured levels U _output.n (t) (n = 0, 1, 2) according to expressions (2), (3), (5) - (8) in flight in real or near real time, either on the airfield computer or on a programmable calculator after the flight of the aircraft.

2.4. Significant distinguishing features of the claimed method is that the calibration of the AX of an on-board RPM with a telephone output is performed previously (before the start of the MLC) in laboratory-bench conditions before installing the RPM on the aircraft or after dismantling the RPM from the aircraft, or as part of the aircraft at aerodrome conditions, using a PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) as a source, a service simulator or a programmable standard signal generator (GSS) that generates a calibrated test signal u _tc (t) (4) with an adjustable level at the RPM antenna input carrier U _are in di pazone 65 ... 70 dB relative to the nominal threshold sensitivity RPM voltage U _por.nsch noise from the test signal carrier frequency f _are coincident or near the working lettered frequency f RPM and _RPM values with adjustable M _ts harmonic coefficient AM m _mc (t) or frequency deviation Δf _{max.tc of} harmonic FM Δf _tf (t);

at the same time, calibration of the AC RPM in three single-signal calibration modes (ORG), which is similar mainly to the three ORCs at the PKD stage, according to the proposed technical solutions for the rational selection of the used technical means, their parameters and operating modes in the following order:

(a) at the beginning of the initial (n = 0) preparatory ORG, they include RPMs in the normal mode of radio reception of input RF signals (PS, NP) of class A3E or F3E at the selected (assigned) operating letter frequency f _rpm ≈ f _tf , set automatically or manually by the RRU organ the maximum possible amplification of the RPM by its low-frequency telephone output when the RP RPM is switched off on-board PC, and by the RRG organ is the nominal (effective value) specified in the TD U _output voltage of the RPM low-noise noise _u0.0 (t) at the switched off simulator of the test signal u _tc (t) (4); measure the built-in or external voltmeter current values of the level _Uqualities.0 (t) of the low-frequency noise voltage of the RPM _uqualities.0 (t) and register these computer values with a sample size of N ₀ >> 1 and a sampling frequency of F ₀ ≤100 Hz;

(b) in the 1st (n = 1) full-time RPM ORG, include a service simulator or GSS at the selected RPM operating frequency f _rpm ≈ f _tf , in the test signal generation mode u _tf (t) (4) with the harmonic coefficient M _tf AM m _tf (t) or with a frequency deviation Δf _{max.tc of the} harmonic FM Δf _tf (t) of the test signal u _tf (t) (4) simulating the PS (NP) u _{ps (ns)} (t) (1) in The 1st (n = 1) regular RPM ORC, and in the 2nd (n = 2) alternative RPM ORG - in the test signal generation mode u _tf (t) (4) without useful harmonic AM m _tf (t) either FM Δf _tf (t) (with unmodulated carrier U _tf ); successively set the discrete values of the carrier level of the test signal U _tc in the range from the initial value equal to the threshold sensitivity of the RPM in noise voltage U _{por. ns} , to values exceeding the noise level U _{por. ns} by 65 ... 70 dB, first with a step of 3 ... 5 dB to values of 20 ... 25 dB, and then with a step of 10 ... 15 dB to values of 65 ... 70 dB, simultaneously measure with a voltmeter in the 1st ORG and a millivoltmeter in the 2nd ORG and register the current level values with magnetic recording or computer services the output low-frequency voltage of the RPM U _{heights 1} (t) in the 1st and U _{heights. 2} (t) in the 2nd ORG at each installed carrier level U _tf ;

(c) after which they turn off the service simulator or GSS and proceed to the statistical processing of the onboard or airfield computer of the current values of the RPM low-voltage levels of the U RPM _u.n (t) measured in three (n = 0, 1, 2) ORGs, while is calculated by standard methods for each established level, the test signal carrier UTC values averaged levels _gvyh.0 U, U _gvyh.1 (U _n), U _gvyh.2 (U _n) and their standard deviations ΔU _gvyh.0, ΔU _gvyh.1 (U _mc), ΔU _gvyh.2 (U _Tc), and then averaged normalized levels _gvyh.1 U (U _{mc) gvyh.2} U (U _Tc) and standard deviations _gvyh.0 ΔU, _Gvyh.1 U (U _mc), ΔU _gvyh.2 (U _n) with respect to the nominal level of the low-noise _vyh.nsh U = U _gvyh.0 established at the beginning of the initial (n = 0) ORG and proximate the results of calculating the average level intrinsic low-frequency noise of RPM _{Uqual. 0} , and then the values of normalized (dimensionless) averaged levels are calculated and recorded by airborne or airfield means

normalized (dimensionless) standard deviations

confidence limits (dg) of the statistical estimate in the Gaussian approximation of the normalized averaged levels of δ _guy.n (U _tf ); n = 1, 2, 3, with guaranteed probability of their reliable (correct) assessment of at least 0.997:

(d) the values of the normalized levels are _{δout 10} (U _tf ), δ _{lead 20} (U _tf ), δ _{lead 21} (U _tf ) and their confidence limits calculated from the general expressions (8), (9) are recorded airfield or on-board computers in the form of two-dimensional arrays of numerical data, display these data on the computer monitor screen in the form of graphs of normalized calibration _AC RPMs δ _{high 10} (U _tf ), δ _{hot 20} (U _tf ) δ _{hot 21} (U _tf ) and their confidence limits on a double logarithmic scale as functions of the carrier level of the test signal U _tc , these graphs are documented in the form of their printouts on paper computer printer, and then use them at the DOC RPM stage to quantify the energy parameters of the voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) according to the measurement results at the DOC stage of the normalized levels δ _{output 1} , δ _{output 2} , δ _{output .3} and their confidence limits according to the algorithms of clause 2.2 and clause 2.3;

(e) to provide a quantitative estimate of the amplitude values of the useful information component AM m _{ps (np)} (t) or FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) according to the normalized calibration HH RPM δ _gvyh.1 (m _tf | U _docking) or _gvyh.1 δ (Δf _mah.ts | U _Doc) operate in the 1st Prep PRM further measurement, recording, processing and statistical normalization current effective values (levels) of the output LF voltage RPM _gvyh.1 U (t) in the 1st normal FES RPM at several (at least five - to seven) fixed values of the coefficient of harmonic m _are either AM d viatsii FM harmonic frequency Δf _max.tc test signal _are u (t) (4) with a pitch not more than 15 ... 20% of the maximum performance values of M _are, Δf _max.tc to 15 ... 20% of the indicated values and further increments 2.5 ... 5% up to 0.5 ... 1% inclusive for all discrete values of the carrier level of the test signal U _tf ; then turn off the service simulator and start processing the measurement results by expressions (8), (9) on a computer with a monitor and printer; first, according to the graphs of the normalized calibration AX RPMs, _{δhigh 1} (U _tf | M _tf ) or δ _{guf. 1} (U _tc | Δf _max.tc ) determine their values at a fixed value of the carrier level of the test signal U _tf = U _doc and then using the calculated values AX _gvyh.1 δ (U _docking | M _ts), δ _gvyh.1 (U _docking | Δf _mah.ts) as fixed values normalized calibration HH PRM

as functions of the harmonic coefficient AM M _tf or deviation of the frequency of the harmonic FM Δf _{max.tc of the} test signal u _tf (t) (4) at a fixed level of its carrier U _tf = U _doc as a DX parameter (10), and then use the normalized calibration DX δ _{high 10} (M _tf | U _doc ) or δ _{high 10} (Δf _max.tf | U _doc ) to determine the amplitude values of the useful information component and the effective values (levels) of the residual spurious component AM m _{ps (np)} (t) or FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) according to expressions (6), (7) and the algorithms of subsection 2.2.

находилось на монотонно убывающем участке нормированной альтернативной градуировочной АХ δ_гвых.2(U_тс)>0,01…0,003; после чего новое значение несущей ПС (НП)

в децибелах (дБ) увеличивают на фактическую величину затухания δ_атт в децибелах (дБ), т.е. принимают, что2.5. Salient features of the claimed method is that in the case when the measured values of the normalized levels δ _out.1 and δ _out.2. , δ _out.3 , given by general expressions (2), are simultaneously located on the flat sections of the normalized calibration _AXs δ _{dw. 1} (U _tf ) and δ _{dw. 20} (U _tf ), then repeat the RPM RPM process in the 1st and 2nd -th ORC when the attenuation of the built-in discrete-controlled RF RF attenuator is turned on and, if this is not enough, a similar RPD attenuator is a PS (NP) source, while the actual total attenuation δ _{att of} these attenuators in the 1st and 2nd RPM ORC on the repeated measurement step is set such that the new calculated carrier level value

was in a monotonously decreasing section of the normalized alternative calibration _AC δ δ _{dw. 2} (U _tf )> 0.01 ... 0.003; then the new value of the carrier PS (NP)

in decibels (dB), the attenuation δ _att in decibels (dB) is increased by the actual attenuation, i.e. accept that

A significant difference of the claimed method is also that the use of normalized levels δ _{output 1} , δ _output 2, δ _{output 3} (2) and normalized grading AX and DC defined by the general expressions (8) and (10), respectively, eliminates various types of long-term destabilizing effects and factors, including climatic effects on the onboard RPM as part of the aircraft, aging and degradation of the parameters of radio electronic elements (ERE) of the input functional devices of the RPM as they develop a resource during testing and operation of aircraft, long-term instability of the nominal noise figure F _nsh (U _in ) and gain K _nsh (U _in ) by the voltage of its own input RF noise RPM u _ss (t) by the telephone output of the RPM, depending on the level of the input carrier RF signal RPM U _Rin at the AGC closed system and means of clipping the converted input FM signal _pr.vx u (t) (PS or PP) in RPM, which provides a high long-term stability and repeatability MLC PRM in the composition in LA ground x and flight conditions and calibration normalized ACh PRM in laboratory and testing stand conditions before installation on aircraft PRM or PRM after disassembly aboard aircraft.

According to the set of essential features set forth in subsections 2.2-2.5 above, the claimed method has no direct analogues among the known single-signal direct and indirect methods of measuring the energy parameters of the voltage PS (NP) PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) RPM antenna input by measuring equipment of general and special (service) purpose, such as measuring receivers and spectrum analyzers, proposed in patents [3-6], and among distant analogs and prototypes described in NTD and TD [7-9].

2.6. The possibility of practical implementation of the claimed method is repeatedly confirmed by the results of real-life RPM tests with the telephone output of serial samples of on-board radio stations and on-board radio relay in several types of aircraft by EMC and is explained from physical considerations and theoretical analysis by the fact that normalized levels are _δout.2 , _δout.3 the voltage of the LF noise of the PS (NP) at the telephone output of the RPM in the 2nd ORC are unambiguous monotonic functions of the carrier level of the PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} (1) in the dynamic range of carrier levels U _{ps (np)} , reaching m usually 50 ... 55 dB relative to the nominal threshold sensitivity of the RPM for the voltage of the RF noise U _por.nsh in the passband of the RPM for the telephone output ≤3.5 kHz. If necessary, the dynamic range of measurements of the carrier levels U _{ps (NP by the} claimed method can be expanded by 40 ... 50 (up to 95 ... 100 dB) when the attenuation of the built-in discretely adjustable attenuators in the antenna-feeder paths is included in the 1st and 2nd ORC RPMs (AFT) of the receiving antenna RPM and transmitting antennas RPD - source PS (NP).

These statements confirm the graphs of normalized calibration amplitude characteristics (5) in FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and the detector characteristic (10) in FIG. 5, obtained according to the results of the calibration of normalized AC RPM serial on-board MV radio station "Baklan" of the claimed method.

3. The list of drawings.

3.1. The essence of the claimed invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings of FIG. 1 - FIG. 5.

FIG. 1. A typical structural diagram of an airborne or airborne-airborne measuring and computing complex (IVK) that provides an operational instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of the PS and NP at the RPM antenna input with a telephone output as part of an aircraft in ground and flight conditions during additional operational control (DOK) RPM.

FIG. 2. A typical block diagram of an aerodrome or airfield-on-board IVC, which provides calibration of the normalized AX of an onboard RPM with a telephone output.

FIG. 3. The normalized calibration characteristics of the AX are δ _{Guy 1} (U _tf ) (curve 18), δ _{Guy 2} (U _tf ) (curve 19) and δ _{Guf. 3} (U _tf ) (curve 20) RPM of a serial on-board MB radio Cormorant on a double logarithmic scale, calculated by expressions (8), (9) as a function of the carrier level of the test signal UTC.

FIG. 4. The family of normalized calibration _AXs δ _{dimes. 1} (U _tf | M _tfs ) (curves 18, 19, 23-27), including AH δ _{dfits. 1} (U _tf ) = δ _{flux. 1} (U _tf | M _tf = 0.9) (curve 18) and δ _{dec. 2} (U _tc ) = δ _{dec. 1} (U _tc | M _tf = 0) (curve 19), RPM of the Baklan on-board MB-radio station as functions the carrier level of the test signal UTC at fixed values of the harmonic coefficient AM of the test signal M _tc = 0.9, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.01, 0 as the parameter AX.

FIG. 5. Normalized calibration characteristic of the detector ( _LF ) δ _{hot 1} (M _tf | U _doc ) (curve 28) RPM of the onboard Baklan MV radio station on a logarithmic scale along the abscissa axis and on a linear scale along the ordinate axis as a function of harmonic coefficient AM test signal M _tf for a fixed value of the level of the carrier of the test signal U _tf = U _doc = 100 μV as a parameter of the DC.

On the abscissa axis of the graphs of FIG. 3 and FIG. 5 the values (points) of the normalized (dimensionless) levels δ _{output 2} , δ _{output 3} and δ _{output 1} , measured by the claimed method in the 1st and 2nd ORC at the stage of the RCM RPM, and through these points on the abscissa axis are plotted horizontal lines 21, 22, and 29 were drawn, the intersection of which with the normalized calibration AX RPMs is δ _{guay 2} (U _tf ) (curve 19), δ _{guig. 3} (U _tf ) (curve 20) and with the _DW δ _{guig 1} (M _tf | U _tf ) (curve 28) allows us to determine by the claimed method the quantitative value of the level of the carrier U _dock voltage PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} (t) (1) and the amplitude value of the coefficient M _dock useful information oh components of AM analog m _{ps (np)} (t) of this voltage.

3.2. The composition of the airborne or airborne-airborne CPI of FIG. 1, which provides the operational instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of the PS (NP) voltage u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) at the antenna input of the onboard RPM as part of the aircraft in ground and flight conditions, in the typical case, in the typical case, include:

a receiving antenna 1 connected by the AFT 2 RF connectors through a matching device to the antenna input of the on-board RPM 3;

built-in on-board or service voltmeter 4a and / or millivoltmeter 46 (for example, a service voltmeter of type B3-10 and a millivoltmeter of type B3-41, B3-42 or small-sized digital multivoltmeters APRA-301, APRA-302 or the like) to measure the effective value ( level) of the output low-frequency voltage of the RPM u _output.n (t) in three (n = 0, 1, 2) ORC RPM;

built-in on-board or service technical means of magnetic recording of 5 current values of the levels U _output.n (t) of the output low-frequency voltage RPM u _output.p (t) in three (n = 0, 1, 2) ORC RPM;

built-in on-board or service computing tools 6 (a computer or a programmable microcalculator) that provide statistical processing over time of the current values of the low-frequency voltage levels U _output.n (t) measured in three (n = 0, 1, 2) RPC RPMs, normalized calculation averaged levels δ _{output 1} , δ _output 2, δ _{output 3} (2) and their confidence limits (3)) and the main energy parameters of the voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np} ) are determined by graphical constructions or graphically analytically on a computer _{) (t)} (1) according to the calculated values of levels _chan.1 δ, δ _chan.2, δ and normalized _vyh.3 annym the calibration detector and amplitude characteristics (ACh) RPM obtained by the inventive process using pre VCI FIG. 2 by the expressions (5) and (10);

built-in on-board or service technical tool 7 of the type of a multifunctional indicator (MFI) of an aircraft or a service computer monitor 6 for displaying on the screen of an MFI or computer monitor graphs of normalized calibration amplitude (AX) and detector (DX) characteristics of the RPM and the results of determining the energy parameters of the RF RF voltage PS (NP) according to the calculated values of the normalized levels δ _{output 1} , δ _{output 2} , δ _{output 3} ;

built-in on-board or service tool of the type 8 removable non-volatile drive (flash card) for accumulating the results of the calculation of normalized levels δ _{output 1} , δ _{output 2} , δ _{output 3} , normalized calibration _AC and _DC RPM and the results of determining the energy parameters of the substation ( NP);

service tool 9 of the type of a printer or computer plotter 6 for documentation in the form of graphs on paper of calibration AX and RP RPMs, the results of the calculation of normalized levels δ _{output 1} , δ _{output 2} , δ _{output 1} and energy parameters of voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1);

ground or airborne RPD 10 — PS (NP) voltage source u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) for RPM 3 connected by the AFT 11 RF connector to the transmitting antenna 12;

built-in or service voltmeter 13 for measuring the level of the RF voltage of the main radiation of the RPD 10 at the input of the AFT 11 in the 1st and 2nd ORC RPM;

on-off switch 14 for zeroing the modulating voltage at the signal input of the amplitude or frequency modulator of the RPD 10 in order to minimize the influence of powerful acoustic noise of the aircraft on the levels of the residual spurious component of the AM and FM radio emission of the RPD with an unmodulated carrier of the 2nd alternative RPM RPM;

external or service source 15 of the modulating voltage for RPD 10 in the normal mode of emission of class A3E or F3E with the required parameters of useful information AM or FM in the 1st ORM RPM (as an option - a microphone or laryngophone of the RPD operator when modulating with voice at a fast count of 1, 2 , 3, 4, etc. within a few seconds).

The composition of the CPI of FIG. 2, which provides calibration of the normalized AX of the on-board RPM 3, includes the same functional devices 3–9, 13–15 as in the CPI of FIG. 1, and optionally:

service simulator 16 or, as an option, programmed GSS generating a calibrated test signal u _tf (t) (4) at the RPM antenna input with adjustable (programmable) carrier level U _tf and parameters of harmonic AM or FM in the ranges of their changes specified in the TD on the RPM ;

calibrated RF cable 17 with an RF connector for connecting a service simulator or GSS 16 to the RPM 3 antenna input.

3.3. Below is a summary of the typical functional composition of the on-board RPM 3 as part of the IVC of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 for the main most complex version of the hardware implementation of the claimed method in a superheterodyne RPM of an onboard DKMV or MB radio station of an aircraft.

In this case, the source of the substation at the antenna input of the analyzed RPM 3 of one of the onboard radio stations of the aircraft is the RPD of the aerodrome DKMV- or MV-radio station of the air traffic control command and control center (KDP) on the routes and in the flight zones of the aircraft or the RPD of the onboard DKMV- or MB- radio station of another Aircraft with which the on-board RPM operator established and maintains two-way radio communication at the designated DOC stage at designated letter frequencies in the DKMV or MB band, and the source of the NP is the RPD of all other radio stations of the aircraft, KDP and other aircraft operating simultaneously or in combination with the analyzed RPM in the coincident or adjacent ranges of CB, DKMV, MB or DMV.

In a typical case, the composition of the radio reception path (RPM) of the aircraft's on-board radio station (from its RF antenna input to the LF telephone output, inclusive) in the normal mode of radiation reception of Class A3E or F3E radiation includes:

amplifiers and frequency converters of input RF signals (PS, NP) at high (RF) and non-zero intermediate (IF) frequencies;

a conventional (non-synchronous) semiconductor or transistor amplitude detector (AM) or a similar differentiating type frequency detector (BH), providing linear detection of the converted voltage of the SS (NP) of class A3E or F3E (without using an auxiliary reference signal for synchronous detection of the PS (NP) with AM either FM and / or restoration of the carrier PS (NP) with single-band AM or FM) or software that implements the detection processes in these detectors in RPMs with digital signal processing;

linear VLF with AGC, providing amplification of the output low-frequency voltage HELL u _hell (t) or BH u _hh (t), and a noise suppressor (PS) on the telephone output of the RPM, providing attenuation by 20 ... 30 dB of the voltage of own low-frequency noise in the absence of and at low LF voltage PS (NP) at the telephone output RPM;

system of delayed-amplified automatic gain control (AGC) of the RPM on the HF, IF and LF in the normal modes of radio reception of class A3E or F3E radiation and additional technical means of amplitude limitation in the RPM of the FM voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) ( 1), which ultimately provide effective stabilization of the levels of useful sound signals in the headphones of the headset of the RPM operator in all expected conditions of testing and operation of the aircraft;

combined synthesizer of discrete letter frequencies of RPD and heterodyne RF and IF signals of RPM with quartz frequency stabilization.

4. The normal operation of the on-board radio as part of the IVC of FIG. 1 at the stages of preparation and implementation of the PKD RPM provide:

combined transceiver antenna 1 connected by RF connectors of the antenna-feeder path (AFT) 2 through a matching device with the RPM 3 antenna input in the normal radio reception modes and with the RPD output of the radio station in the standard radio transmission modes of class A3E or F3E radiation;

combined remotely controlled attenuator with discretely controlled attenuation, turned on at the RPM antenna input when the radio is in normal radio reception mode and with RPD output in radio transmission modes;

electronic remotes and organs (knobs, buttons) for remote control of RPM and RPD parameters and operating modes (their operating letter frequency, type of modulation, manual gain control (RPM) of the RPM and / or volume (RRG) on the telephone low-frequency output of the RPM, etc. );

built-in monitoring system (VSC) of operability of RPM and RPD of a radio station when the radio is in the "Control" mode;

devices for interfacing an on-board radio station with on-board and service electronic recording systems, accumulating, processing and displaying measuring information on the technical condition of RPM and RPD radio stations and with on-board on-board electronic, sound and light indication and signaling aircraft, which are very diverse and require clarification for each a specific type of radio station;

push switches (tangents) located on the control levers of the aircraft in the cockpit and providing when they are pressed, turn on the RPD radio station in the selected mode of radio transmission of class A3E or F3E ("telephony" with two-band analog AM or FM) when modulating the main radiation of the RPD with an audio signal ( voice), and when they are depressed, turn off the radio emission of the RPD and turn on the RPM in the normal mode of radio reception of radiation of class A3E or F3E; low-impedance or high-impedance aircraft crew headset headphones connected to the RPM telephone output directly or through an aircraft intercom (SPU) for listening and organoleptic assessment of levels and quality (intelligibility) of sound signals (speech) in points using a five-point system;

airborne laryngophones, which are the source of modulating low-frequency voltage for the amplitude or frequency modulator of the RPD in the modes of radio transmission of radiation of class A3E or F3E when the main radiation of the RPD is modulated by the sound signal (voice) of the on-board radio station operator.

All of the above technical means of the onboard RPM, the associated electronic and service equipment of the aircraft, and the aerodrome or onboard RPD source of the PS (NP) provide in aggregate as part of the CPI of FIG. 1 and the CPI of FIG. 2 implementation (implementation) of the proposed technical solutions for the rational selection of the used technical means, parameters and modes of their operation at the stages of the RCM RPM and calibration of normalized AC RPM in the claimed manner and the solution of the problem - operational instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of the PS and NP at the RPM antenna input based on other radio engineering principles, technical solutions and means than in the known methods [3-6], namely, according to the results of measurement, registration, statistical processing and normalization of the eff of the effective values (levels) of the LF voltage u _{output 1} (t), u _{output 2} (t) at the telephone output of the RPM in the 1st and 2nd ORC and ORG of the RPM, due to the useful information component AM or FM FS voltage (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) at the RPM antenna input in the 1st ORC and, accordingly, the spurious introduced by the RPM amplitude and phase LF noise, which is a source of useful information about the PS (NP) parameters at the RPM antenna input without involving for these purposes measuring equipment of general and special (service) purpose, such as measuring antennas, measuring receivers of spectra or spectrum analyzers without violating the functional and constructive integrity of the RPM and its ROS as part of the aircraft when the measurement is connected directly to the ROS after disconnecting the RF AFT connector from the RPM antenna input.

4. Disclosure and implementation of the claimed invention

4.1. To disclose the essence of the claimed invention and the theoretical justification for the possibility of practical implementation of the claimed method on the basis of other radio engineering principles, technical solutions and means than in measuring equipment such as measuring receivers and spectrum analyzers for general and special (service) purposes, it should be noted that the real input RF signal u _I (t) (1) of the onboard RPM in the normal mode of PS (NP) radio reception u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) without useful information AM or FM in the 2nd ORC is an additive mixture quasi-harmonic RF voltage PS (NP)

with the level of the unmodulated carrier u _{ps (np)} , the carrier frequency f _{ps (np)} , the initial phase ϕ ₀ and low levels of the residual spurious component (opk) of the analog AM m _opk (t) << 1 and FM ϕ _opk (t) << 1 and the voltage of the broadband intrinsic RF noise of the RPM u _ssh (t) (thermal, shot, noise distribution and other passive and active electrical radio elements (ERE) of the input functional devices of the on-board RPM), brought to its antenna input and manifesting themselves in the process of preliminary and preprocessing voltage PS (NP) u _{nc (np) (t)} (12) in RPM in the form of the parasite GOVERNMENTAL introduced PRM m amplitude _VS (t) and phase φ _VS (t) LF noise, wherein the effective values (levels) of the noise on a telephone outlet uniquely and monotonically dependent on the carrier level U _{ps (np)} voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) and, as a result, are a source of useful information about the level of the carrier PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} during the operational instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) declared way.

The actual RF input signal _Rin RPM u (t) = u _{nc (np)} (t) + _cw u (t) in the 2nd RCA can be represented as a single signal quasiharmonic

which in general differs from PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (12) by the level of the carrier U _in > U _{ps (np)} and additionally by the presence of spurious introduced RPMs of amplitude m _w (t) and phase ϕ _w (t ) LF noise caused mainly by intrinsic RF noise u _ss (t) of the input functional RPM devices.

In the process of preliminary and primary processing (amplification and frequency conversion) of the input signal u _in (t) (13) in the RPM on the HF and nonzero IF amplitude spectra of the introduced AS m m _int (t) and FS, ϕ _int (t) and residual spurious component AM m _OPK (t) and FM ϕ _OPK (t) PS (NP) voltages u _{ps (np)} (t) (12) are subjected to mainly linear filtering within the passband of the output (terminal) IF RPM, and then after the amplitude or frequency detection of the converted (pr) RF signal u _pr.vx (t) (13) in a conventional (non-synchronous) amplitude detector (HELL) or in a a differential frequency detector (BH) of a differentiating type — additional filtering in a linear VLF RPM within the bandwidth of the RPM by telephone output Δf _rpm.output ≤3.5 kHz.

4.2. Using the results of the analysis of the statistical characteristics of the envelope and phase of the additive mixture of a harmonic signal and broadband normal noise, described in the technical literature (for example, in the monograph [10] V. I. Tikhonov. Nonlinear transformations of random processes. - M .: Radio and communication, 1986, p. 35-38 and p. 40, 41), it can be shown that, to a first approximation, when the levels of the unmodulated carrier PS (NP) and _{ps (np)} exceed the minimum level of the input RF signal of the RPM U _x.min = (3 ... 5) U _por.nsh parasitic introduced PRM m _VSH AL (t) and φ FN _VS (t) at telec at the given RPM output, equal (in rms), are subordinate to the laws of probability distribution close to normal (for the introduced AS m m _int (t) - Rayleigh-Rice distribution), are not correlated at coinciding time points, and their rms values (levels) do not exceed 0 , 1 ... 0.15 (or minus 16 ... 20 dB) and monotonically decrease, tending to zero with an unlimited increase in the level of the unmodulated carrier PS (NP) U _{npc (np)} . These regularities subordinate also made by PRM frequency noise (WL) Δf _VS (t), because by definition made by WL _VSH Δf (t) is the first derivative φ _VSH insertion PN (t) with a normalizing factor 2π, i.e. _VSH 2π Δf (t) = dφ _VS (t) / dt, and the levels of FSH and insertion WL passband RPM for telephone output Δf _rpm.vyh proportional to each other.

Since the output low-frequency voltage of the RPM u _{output 2} (t) in the 2nd ORC of the RPM is formed in the process of amplitude or frequency detection of the converted quasi-harmonic input signal of the RPM u _pr.input (t) (13) with subsequent amplification and filtering of the output low-frequency voltage BP _ad u (1) or BH u _cd (t) in a linear ULF AGC, the output level of the LF voltage RPM _chan.2 u (t) in the 2nd JWC RPM proportional to the total level of interference contributed RPM DB m _VSH (t) or PN φ _VS (t) and the residual parasitic components _MIc AM m (t) or FM _MIc φ (t) of the transformed input signal A or BH _pr.vh u (t).

As a result, the range of monotonous decrease in the normalized levels of δ _{output 2} (U _in ) and δ _{output 3} (u _in ) calculated by the results of measurement, averaging over time, and normalization of current values of the output low-frequency voltage level of the RPM U _{output 2} (t) in the 2nd ORC, coincides with the range of a monotonous decrease in the total level of the introduced RPM AS m _high (t) or FS ϕ _high (t) and residual parasitic AM m _cp (t) or FM ϕ _cp (t) of the converted BP or BH input signal _pr.vx u (t) with increasing carrier level U RF input signal _Rin RPM uBX (t) (13). In fact, the range of the normalized monotonic decrease levels _chan.2 δ (U _Rin), δ _vyh.3 (U _Rin) by increasing the level of the unmodulated carrier U _Rin limited level of residual parasitic components _MIc AM m (t) or FM _MIc φ (t) or airfield airborne RPD - source PS (NP) in the 2nd ORC RPM.

According to the requirements of the scientific and technical documentation [7, 8], the maximum permissible relative levels of the residual parasitic component AM and FM (FM) of the airborne and aerodrome PCs and RPDs of the aerodrome RNO should not exceed 1% (minus 40 dB). Typically, these requirements are met in practice with a margin of at least 10 dB. In addition, the linear VLF with the AGC RPM of the on-board PC partially suppresses the weak RF output signals of the RPM by 10 ... 5 dB, which do not exceed the threshold of operation of the noise suppressor (PN). For these reasons, the actual levels of residual parasitic AM m _opc (t) or FM ϕ _opc (t) at the RPM telephone output in the 2nd RPM ORC usually do not exceed minus 50 ... 55 dB relative to the rated voltage of the averaged RPM RF noise level U o _{. nsh} = U _{o. 0} installed at the initial stage of the MLC and calibration of normalized AX RPM (in the linear mode of its operation in the absence of an input RF signal (U _I = 0) when the RPM antenna input is exposed to only nominal RF noise u _I (t) a capacity equal to the nominal RPM threshold sensitivity of the noise voltage _on P _.nsh).

This is precisely what makes it possible to use the claimed method for measuring the carrier level U _{ps (np)} of the PS voltage (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1)), which exceeds the threshold sensitivity of the RPM U _por.nsh by 55 ... 60 dB. The inclusion in the 1st and 2nd RPM ORCs of the attenuation of the onboard RPM attenuators and the airfield or onboard RPD attenuation of the PS (NP) source with discretely controlled attenuation of each attenuator by 20 ... 25 dB and with a total attenuation of 40 ... 50 dB the range of measured PS (NP) carrier levels U _{ps (np)} by 40 ... 50 dB (up to 95 ... 100 dB) in the entire range of operational values of PS (NP) carrier levels U _{ps (np)} . There are also real possibilities for a further increase by 20 ... 25 dB in the range of measured levels of the carrier PS (NP) U _ps (NP of the claimed method with a decrease in the levels of discrete components of the residual spurious component AM and FM (FM) of the RPD of aerodrome and airborne radio stations and aerodrome RNOs to technically feasible the levels of amplitude and phase LF noise of the RPD, not typically exceeding 130 ... 140 dB / Hz for amplitude and minus 100 ... 110 dB / Hz for phase LF noise.

4.3. The actual form of the standard and alternative normalized calibration AX RPMs δ _{guig 1} (U _tf ) and δ _{guig 2} (U _tf ) δ _{guig 3} (U _tf ) in a typical case can be judged from graphs 18, 19, 20 of FIG. 3 obtained when calibrating the claimed method according to the algorithms of subsections 2.2, 2.3 RPM of the serial on-board MB-radio stations "Baklan" in the normal mode "telephony" with two-band analog AM in laboratory-bench conditions using the IVC of Fig. 2. When calculating and plotting schedules 18, 19, 20 of FIG. 3 and graphs 18, 19, 23-27 of FIG. 4 along the abscissa axis, the values of normalized (dimensionless) averaged levels of _{δquake 1} , _{δquest 2} , _{δquest 3} , calculated from the general expressions (8), (9) for the nominal RPM noise level UR were plotted on a logarithmic scale _output ≈ U _{output 0} = 20 V, set at the beginning of the initial RPM RPM (n = 0), and along the ordinate axis, the values of the carrier level of the test signal U _tc in microvolts (μV) ranging from 1 μV to 10 mV , exceeding the initial nominal level of intrinsic RF noise RPM U _por.nsh 1 μV at +80 dB (10 ⁴ times).

In FIG. _Figure 4 shows the graphs of the family of standard normalized calibration _{AXs, δvyh.1} (U _tf | M _tf ), obtained at a nominal level of low-frequency noise of the RPM U _{output nsh} = 30 V for several fixed values of the harmonic coefficient AM of the test signal M _tf with a nominal frequency 1 kHz modulation:

with three characteristic values of the coefficient M _tf : with a typical (reference) operational value of M _tf = 0.9 (graph 18 of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4), with the minimum permissible (nominal) operational value of M _tf = 0.3 (graph 23 of FIG. 4) and in the absence of a useful AM M _tc = 0 (graph 19 of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4);

at three intermediate values of the coefficient AM M _mf = 0.2, 0.1, 0.05 (curves 24, 25, 26) and at M _mf = 0.01 (curve 27), near the maximum permissible level of residual spurious component (Osk ) AM specified in the NTD [7, 8].

For the standard δ _{guoy 1} (U _tf ) and two alternative δ _{guig 2} (U _tf ), δ _{guf 3} (U _tf ) normalized calibration AX (curves 18, 19, 20 of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), then that their initial values at U _tf = 0 are identically equal to 1 regardless of the established initial level of the output low-frequency noise of the RPM U _{output nsh} ≈ U _{output 0} and a monotonous increase in the standard AX δ _gvyh.1 (U _tf ) for all values of the carrier U _tf in the range from 0 to 18 μV, exceeding the threshold sensitivity of the RPM in noise, U _por.nsh = 1 μV by 18 dB, and alternative normalized calibration _{AXs are δvyh.2} (U _ts ), δ _Guy.3 (U _ts ) is a monotonic decrease in the range from U _tc > (2 ... 3) U _por.nsh to values ≈3 mV, i.e. in the range of ≈60 dB relative to the nominal threshold sensitivity of the RPM with respect to the noise voltage U _por.nsh = 1 μV, which is 50 dB higher than the levels of the test signal carrier U _tf in the range of monotonic variation of the standard calibration AX δ _{decimal 1} (U _tf ).

Confidence limits of the statistical estimate in the Gaussian approximation of the normalized standard AX δ _{decimal 1} (U _tf ) and two alternative δ _{decimal 2} (U _tf ), δ _{decimal 3} (U _tf ) calibration _AC RPM calculated by expressions (9) at U _tf > 3 ... 5 μV do not exceed the values 1 ± 3 _{Δδ output nsh} ≈ 1.1 ... 1.3 (or 2 ... 4 dB), where _{Δδ output nsh} ≈ 0.03 ... 0.1 is the normalized standard deviation of the current the values of the level of low-frequency noise U _{o. 0} (t) from its average value U _{o. 0} in the range of operational values of the carrier level U _{ps (np)} voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) exceeding the level RPM noise 3 ... 5 times (10 ... 14 dB).

Thus, graphs 18, 19, 20 of FIG. 3 and 4, normalized to the standard δ _{guoy 1} (U _tf ) and two alternative δ _{guig 2} (U _tf ), δ _{guf. 3} (U _tf ) calibration _AC RPM confirm the fact of a significant increase (at least up to 50 ... 55 dB) the upper limit of the range of measured levels of the carrier PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} = U _{tc by the} claimed method when using any of their alternative calibration AH δ for _{each 2} (U _tf ), δ for ₃ (U _tf ), characterizing the functional dependences of the normalized voltage levels of parasitic, introduced RPM amplitude low-frequency noise m _W (t) at the telephone output of the RPM in 2- m alternative ORG from the level of the carrier test signal U _ts in the 2nd ORM RPM.

The inclusion of integrated discretely controlled attenuators of RPM and RPD source PS (NP) with a total attenuation attenuation of 40 ... 50 dB in the 1st and 2nd ORC RPMs at the PKD stage allows expanding the range of measured PS carrier levels (NP) to 90 ... 100 dB U _{ps (np)} without involving for this purpose measuring antennas, measuring receivers and spectrum analyzers for general and special (service) purposes with the prospect of further increasing the range of measured levels of the carrier PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} by 25 ... 30 dB due to technically discrete discreet components of the residual spurious component of AM and FM ground and airborne RPD sources PS (NP) to the levels of residual noise components AM and FM.

4.4. For a standardized normalized _AC RPM δ _out.1 (U _{ps (np)} ), reflecting the dependence of the normalized level δ _out.1 (2) on the level of the carrier PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} in the 1st ORC RPM, and coinciding with of the normalized calibration calibration _curve δ _δout.1 (U _tf ) (8) obtained in the 1st RPM RPM, it is characteristic that their initial values at U _in = U _tf = 0 are identically equal to 1, and their initial coinciding (within confidence limits δ _out.1.dg (U _{ps (ns)} ) ≈ δ _out.1.dg (U _ts ) for U _{ps (ns)} = U _ts ) sections are monotonically increasing functions of the carrier voltage level PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} and, accordingly, the level ny carrier test signal U _TC. = U _{ps (np)} .

In contrast, the coinciding initial sections of the alternative normalized AH δ _out.2 (U _in ) in the 2nd ORC RPK and the normalized calibration AH δ _out.2 (U _tc ) in the 2nd ORM RPM are subject to more complex patterns depending on features of hardware circuitry or software and algorithmic implementation of the closed-circuit RPM AGC system and technical means of amplitude limiting the FM frequency of the PS (NP) voltage u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) in the RPM and their functioning modes. In the typical case shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the normalized AX RPM _{δoutput 2} (U _{ps (np)} ) and the normalized calibration AX RPM _δoutout.2 (U _tc ) coinciding with it have flat coinciding initial sections at levels bearing U _{ps (np)} = U _tc ≈ ( 2 ... 3) U _por.nsh , and then coinciding monotonously decreasing portions of the indicated AH δ _out.2 (U _{ps (np)} ) and δ _{high 2} (U _tf ) to the minimum value of δ _out.2.min AX δ _{out. 2} (U _{ps (np)} ) on its lower flat section, depending on the actual level of the residual parasitic component AM or FM FS voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) in the 2nd ORM RPM and exceeding the typical case actual level Hb δ _gvyh.2.min <δ _vyh.2.min undesired residual FM or AM components of the test signal _are voltage u (t) (4) in the 2nd Prep RPM. There are also cases when the coincident initial sections of the normalized AH δ _out.2 (U _{ps (np)} ) and the normalized calibration AH δ _out.2 (U _ts ) (7) are not monotonic functions of the levels of the bearing PS (NP) U _{ps (np )} and test signal U _tf . Moreover, the indicated AXs at first monotonically increase relative to their initial value of 1, reach their maximum values of δ _ex.2.max ≈ _{δig.2 .max} > 1 for some value of the carrier U _{ps (np)} . _max ≈ U _tfmax , and then monotonously decrease, reach the initial value of 1 at U _{ps (np)} ≈ U _tf ≈ (3 ... 5) U _por.nsh and then tend to their minimum values δ _{ex.2. min} ≈ δ _dwell.2.min ≈ 1 on the lower flat sections of the AH δ _out.2 (U _{ps (np)} ) and δ _out.2 (U _tf ).

As a result, for a quantitative instrumental assessment of the levels of the carrier, U _{sun (np)} = U _tc <(3 ... 5) U _por.nsh voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) in the initial flat or non-monotonously varying section 2 -th Alternative _ACR RPM δ _{high 2} (U _in ) ≈ δ _{high 3} (U _tf )> 1 it is necessary to use the normalized calibration _AC δ _{high 1} (U _tf ) and / or δ _{high 3} (U _tf ), and in all other cases, alternative calibration _axes δ _{guoy 2} (U _tf ) and / or δ _{guf 3} (U _tf ). In turn, for a quantitative instrumental assessment of the amplitude values of the coefficient M _in useful information AM or frequency deviation Δf _max.in useful information FM FS voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) it is necessary to use normalized calibration _DF δ _high. (M _in | U _tf ), δ _{dw. 1} (Δf _max.вx | U _tf ). defined by expressions (8)

4.5. In principle, the required energy parameters of the PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) at the RPM antenna input can be calculated from the measured values of the normalized levels δ _out.1 , δ _out.2 , δ _out.3 (2), not using for these purposes the normalized calibration AX and DX RPM given by expressions (8) and (10), respectively, in the presence of the necessary initial data for the analytical calculation of essentially nonlinear dependences of the RPM noise coefficient F _nsh (U _{sun (np)} ) and RPM gain K _ns (U _{su (np)} ) according to the voltage of the input RF RF noise RPM u _ss (t) from the carrier level U _{sun (np)} in the 1st and 2nd RPM RPM. However, in the existing AP for on-board RPMs with telephone output, the necessary a priori information is missing, which makes it fundamentally necessary to perform calibration by the claimed method of normalized AC RPMs (8) in the range up to 65 ... 70 dB with respect to the nominal threshold sensitivity of the RPM for RF noise voltage U _por. .

In this case, it is fundamentally important that the calibration of normalized AC RPMs by the claimed method in three reference ORM RPMs and additionally with several (at least five to seven) fixed values of the harmonic frequency coefficient AM M _tc or deviation of the frequency of the harmonic FM Δf _max.tc test signal u _ts (t) (4) it is possible to first compute the normalized calibration AX RPMs _{δvyh 1} (U _tf | M _tf ) or δ _{guyh 1} (U _tc | Δf _max.tc ) as functions of the carrier level U _tf test signal u _tf (t) at fixed values of its harmonic coefficient AM M _tf or frequency deviation harmonic FM f _max.tc test signal u _tf (t) (4) as a parameter of the indicated AX taking into account the totality of nonlinear processes in functional RPM devices with a closed AGC system and in the technical means of amplitude limiting the FM voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (4) in the normal operating modes of the RPM, affecting the shape of the normalized calibration AC, and then determine the quantitative values of the energy parameters of the voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (4) according to the results of the calculation of normalized levels δ _out , δ _out.2 , δ _out.3 (2) in the 1st and 2nd RPM ORCs at the PKD stage, which eliminates the disadvantages of the known single-signal methods and test algorithms described in the technical documentation [7-9] and the integrated RPM monitoring system and provides a solution to the urgent technical problem of providing operational instrumental assessment and control of the energy parameters of substations or NPs at the antenna input of an existing RPM fleet, mainly with their own RPM technical equipment, on-board and service electronic equipment of the aircraft and RPD - the source of substation (RP) without involving these purposes of measuring equipment for general and special (service) purposes such as measuring antennas, measuring receivers and spectrum analyzers according to the results of measuring normalized levels δ _{output 2} , δ _{output 3} (2) voltage of low-frequency noise and _{output 2} (t) at the telephone output RPM in 2 m ORC proportional to the levels of spurious, introduced RPM amplitude or phase LF noise as a source of useful information about the carrier level U _{ps (np) of the} voltage PS (NP) u _{vhps (np)} (t) (1) at the antenna input of the RPM .

4.6. An example implementation of the inventive method at the stage of the PKD RPM. The DOC process of the onboard RPM as part of the aircraft, providing an operational instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of the PS or NP in three (n = 0, 1, 2) RPM RPMs using the CPI of FIG. 1 on the basis of other radio engineering principles, technical solutions and tools than in measuring receivers and spectrum analyzers, in more detailed exposition than in subsections 2.2 and 2.3, for various hardware implementations of the information-measuring device of FIG. 1 is as follows.

(but). At the beginning of the initial (n = 0) RPM RPM 3, as part of the CPI of Fig. 1, two-way radio communication is established with the operator of a ground-based radio station or on-board radio station of another aircraft, and with its help, the RPD 10 is used — the PS (NP) source at the operating letter frequency f _{prd of the} main radiation RPD selected from the conditions for the coincidence of the main or secondary radiation of the RPD at multiple or fractional harmonics and subharmonics and intermodulation frequencies with the main channel for receiving RPMs with a working letter frequency of RPMs f _prm , alternately in three (n = 0, 1, 2) reference ORC RPMs: you In the standard (n = 0) RPM of the RPM, in the normal mode, radiation of class A3E or F3E with typical, specified in the ED reference operational parameters of analog AM or FM in the 1st (n = 1) standard ORC and in the radiation mode of class A3E or F3E without useful information modulation (with an unmodulated carrier) in the 2nd (n = 2) alternative ORC, while measuring with the built-in voltmeter 13 and documenting in one way or another the carrier levels of the main radiation of the RPD 10 in the 1st and 2nd m radio transmission modes; to minimize the influence of powerful acoustic noise of the aircraft and the residual low-frequency noise of the input noise of the RPD modulator on the levels of the residual spurious component of the AM or FM primary radiation of the RPD in the 2nd ORC RPM, zero (short-circuit) with the on-off switch 14 of the IVC of FIG. 1 signal input of the amplitude or frequency modulator of RPM 10, and, if necessary, turn on and turn off the attenuation of the built-in attenuators of RPM 3 and / or RPM 10 at the commands of the operator RPM 3 or automatically, and inform the operator of RPM 3 about this. Moments on and off of selected operating modes the onboard RPM 3 and RPD 10 and the attenuation of their discretely adjustable attenuators are recorded on board the aircraft in the form of one-time commands at a single time for all registrars of the aircraft and the CPI of FIG. one.

(b) In the initial (n = 0) RPM, the RPM RPM includes on-board RPM 3 at the selected (assigned) operating letter frequency f _RPM in the normal mode of radiation reception of class A3E or F3E, the nominal RPM output noise level specified in the TD is set U _{output r} (0.1 ... 0.3) U _out.max , where U _out.max is the maximum value of the time-averaged level of the output low-frequency voltage U _out.1 on a flat section of the standard AX RPM U _out.1 ( U _ps ); make sure that there are no unacceptable levels of undesirable additional RF interference and acoustic noise of the aircraft at the antenna input of the SS, NP, listening to sound signals in the headphones of the RPM operator’s headset connected to the RPM telephone output directly or via the control panel, and then provide measurement, recording and statistical processing the current values of LF output voltage level (noise) U _vyh.n (t) in three (n = 0, 1, 2) fitted JWC RPM or service voltmeter 4a) and / or a millivoltmeter 46), registration means technical 5 Computers 6 LA or CPI figure. one.

Then, at the commands of the operator of the RPM, the radio emission of the RPD 10 — the source of the PS (NP) is turned off, the measurements in paragraph 4.6 (6) are repeated for all other RPD sources of the NP, after which the tests of the onboard RPM at the PKD stage are completed and processing of their computer results 6 LA or CPI of FIG. one.

(in). Depending on the technical capabilities and the software and software of the computer 6 aircraft and the CPI of FIG. 1 statistical processing over time of the current values of the LF voltage levels U _o.n (t), measured in three (n = 0, 1, 2) RPM RPMs, is performed either on board the aircraft in real or near real time, or as an option on the airfield computer IVK or on a programmable microcalculator after the completion of the flight of the aircraft.

In this case, the values of the averaged levels U _o.n and their standard deviations ΔU _o.n are calculated by known standard methods, the averaged levels U _o'1 , U _oo.2 and the standard deviations ΔU _oo.1 , ΔU _oo.2 relative to the nominal LF level are _normalized - noise U _out.nsh = U _out.0 set at the beginning of the initial (n = 0) RPC RPM and refined by the results of averaging over time the current values of the level of low-frequency noise U _out.0 (t); then calculate the values: normalized (dimensionless) averaged levels δ _{output 1} , δ _{output 2} , δ _{output 3} and their confidence limits according to the general expressions (2), (3), and then determined by the algorithms of subsections 2.2, 23, 2.5 and general expressions (2-6, 11) quantitative values of the energy parameters of the voltage PS (NP) u _{vhps (np)} (t) (1) according to the normalized calibration amplitude (AX) and detector (DX) characteristics of the RPM and their confidence limits, calculated by the general expressions (7) - (10) previously (before the start of the MLC) at the stage of calibration of normalized AX RP Algorithms outlined in Section 2.4.

Next, they assess by expert methods or automatically on a computer the compliance of the energy parameters of the PS (NP) voltage u _{ps (np} (t) (1) calculated by the claimed method with the requirements of the technical specifications [7, 8], and then they are used according to the program and the methods of ground and flight tests of aircraft assessment of the technical condition and technical characteristics of the RPM as part of the aircraft.

d). The possibility of practical implementation of the claimed method is repeatedly confirmed by the results of ground-based and flight tests of airborne RPMs with telephone output of airborne radio stations and airborne radio relay as part of several types of aircraft according to the EMC RPM with RPD of airborne radio stations for various types of hardware implementation of the information display device of FIG. 1. So, the V-10 output meter and V-41 and V-42 millivoltmeters were used as measuring instruments for RPM low-voltage levels in the 1st and 2nd ORCs, and the on-board recorder LA with audio signals recorded at the telephone output of the RPM was used subsequent processing of measurement information at the local aerodrome aerospace center under laboratory and bench conditions. In particular, the graphs of the normalized calibration AX and DX shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and 5, and similar graphs for a number of other on-board radios are practically used to quantify the claimed method of PS and NP carrier levels with matching and close operating letter frequencies when processing the results of certification tests of a Mi-26 helicopter and a Su-29 sports aircraft according to EMC RPM with RPD on-board radio stations LA. Subsequently, to measure the levels of the RPM low-frequency voltage levels in the 1st and 2nd ORCs, small-sized vibration and shock-resistant multimeters APRA-305 USB and APPA-85RH were used, o6ec-printing measurements of rms values of arbitrary waveforms and levels of at least 10 μV for APRA-305 USB and 1 mV for APPA-85RH, statistical processing of the measurement results by the built-in microprocessor, transmission of the processing results to the computer 6 CPM of FIG. 1 via USB and them and display on a computer monitor.

Currently, the technical aspects of introducing the claimed method into the automated system for monitoring the technical condition of airborne electronic equipment (avionics) when testing avionics in ground and flight tests and operating the aircraft according to the technical condition are being worked out.

4.7. An example of the implementation of the inventive method at the stage of calibration of the normalized AC of the onboard RPM as part of the CPI of FIG. 2. The calibration of the normalized AC of the on-board RPM 3 as part of the CPI of FIG. 2 are performed preliminarily (prior to the DOK stage) in laboratory and bench conditions prior to installation on the aircraft or after dismantling the RPM from the aircraft during routine maintenance or, if necessary, during inter-flight or pre-flight preparatory work as part of the aircraft in aerodrome conditions in three (n = 0, 1, 2) RPM ORGs similar to basically three (n = 0, 1, 2) RPM ORCs at the PKD stage, using for this purpose as part of the CPI of FIG. 2 service simulator 16 or, as an option, programmed GSS, which generates a calibrated test signal u _tc (t) of class A3E or F3E on the antenna path RPM 3 simulating the voltage PS (NP) U _{ps (np} (t) (1) at the operating letter frequency RPM f _rpm ≈ f _{ps (np)} , with adjustable (programmable) carrier level U _tf within 65 ... 70 dB relative to the nominal threshold sensitivity of RPM with respect to nominal noise U _por.nsch and with adjustable (programmable) parameters of harmonic AM or FM within operational values of useful AM or FM PS (NP).

Further, the calibration of the normalized AC of the onboard RPM 3 as part of the IVC of FIG. 2 by the claimed method in a shorter summary than in subsection 2.3, for various hardware implementations of the CPI of FIG. 2 are performed in the following order.

but). At the beginning of the initial (zero, n = 0) ORG, they include RPM 3 in the normal operating mode of radio reception of class A3E or F3E substations with two-band analog AM or FM at the operating letter frequency f _rpm , set the maximum possible RPM gain (when the PS is turned off for RPM on-board PC ) and the nominal level (effective value) specified in the ED of the output low-frequency noise U _output on the telephone output of the RPM (or SPU) with the test signal turned off u _tf (t) = 0; they are measured by an internal or external service voltmeter 4a and / or millivoltmeter 46 IVC of FIG. 2 current values of the level of the low-frequency voltage (noise) _{Uqual. 0} (t) and register these values by technical means of recording 5 CPI of FIG. 2 with a sample size of N ₀ >> 1 and a sampling frequency of F ₀ ≤100 Hz;

b) To ensure the 1st ORG (n = 1) of the on-board RPM 3, a service simulator or GSS 16 IVC of FIG. 2 at the selected (assigned) operating RPM letter frequency f _rpm = f _ts in the test signal generation mode u _tf (t) of class A3E (F3E) with typical, operational parameters specified in the TD of the harmonic AM (FM) basic radiation of the RPD 10 - PS or NP source, and to provide the 2nd (n = 2) RPM ORG - in the mode of generating a test signal u _tm (t) of class A3E (F3E) without modulation (with an unmodulated carrier); after which they are measured with a voltmeter 4a and / or a millivoltmeter 4b of the IVK of FIG. 2, the current values of the level of the low-frequency voltage U _{output 1} (t), U _{output 2} (t) at the telephone output of the RPM in the 1st and 2nd ORGs, are recorded by means of registration means 5 of the CPI of FIG. 2 these values with with a sample size of N ₁ , N ₂ >> 1 and a sampling frequency of F ₀ ≤100 Hz after the end of transient processes in the closed-loop AGC RPM system for each discrete value of the carrier level of the test signal U _tc set in the 1st and 2nd ORG:

(где U_пор.нш - заданная в ЭД номинальная пороговая чувствительность РПМ по номинальному напряжению шума U_пор.нш, и далее - после каждого дискретного изменения уровня несущей тест- сигнала U_тс с шагом

(или 3…6 дБ) относительно U_пор.нш на монотонно изменяющемся участке штатной градуировочной АХ РПМ U_гвых.1(U_тс) и с шагом 10…15 дБ до значений 65…70 дБ на плоском участке градуировочной АХ U_гвых.1(U_тс), после чего выключают имитатора или ГСС 16 ИВК фиг. 2 и приступают к обработке результатов регистрации.first, when the carrier level is U _nc = U _por.nsh , which provides the output low-frequency voltage of the RPM at the telephone output of the RPM

(where U _por.nsh is the nominal threshold sensitivity of the RPM specified in the ED for the rated noise voltage U _por.nsh , and then after each discrete change in the level of the carrier of the test signal U _ts in steps

(or 3 ... 6 dB) with respect to U _por.nsh monotonously varying portion of the calibration standard ACh RPM _gvyh.1 U (U _n) and a pitch of 10 ... 15 dB to values 65 ... 70 dB on the flat portion of the calibration ACh U _gvyh.1 (U _tf ), after which the simulator or GSS 16 of the IVC of FIG. 2 and proceed to processing the registration results.

in). Statistical processing over time of the current values of the levels of low-frequency voltage _Uqual.n (t), measured in three (n = 0, 1, 2) ORM RPMs, is performed by computing means (computer) 6 CPI of FIG. 2 for all fixed levels of the carrier test signal U _tc used in the 1st and 2nd ORGs, using standard methods according to the algorithms and expressions (8), (9) of subsection 2.4, and the time-averaged U- _{level values are calculated. 0} , U _{outgoers. 1} (U _tf ), U _{outgoers. 2} (U _tf ), and their standard deviations ΔU _{outfits. 1} (U _tf ), ΔU _{outfits. 2} (U _tf ), ΔU _{outfits. 0} , normalize the average levels U _{highs 1} (U _ts ), U _{highs 2} (U _ts ) and standard deviations ΔU _{highs 1} (U _ts ), Δ U _{highs 2} (U _ts ) relative to the nominal level of low-frequency noise U _out.sh = U _gvyh.0 established at the beginning of the initial (n = 0) ORG RPM and UTO nennogo the results of calculating average values U _gvyh.0 then calculated value of normalized levels _gvyh.1 δ (U _n), δ _gvyh.2 (U _n), δ _gvyh.3 (U _n) (8) and their confidence limits (9), register technical means of registration 5 CPI of FIG. 2 the values of the normalized levels δ _{guig. 1} (U _tf ); δ _hot.2 (U _tf ); δ _{dw. 3} (U _tf ) and their confidence limits for all fixed values of the carrier level of the test signal U _tf installed in the 1st and 2nd RPM ORGs, in the form of two-dimensional arrays of numerical data, and then use the functional dependencies of these levels from the level of the carrier of the test signal U _tf as normalized calibration AX RPM δ _{guy 1} (U _tf ), δ _{guf. 2} (U _tf ), δ _{guf. 3} (U _tf ), these AX are documented in the form of smoothed (according to the criterion minimum standard deviations) of the graphs as a function of the carrier level of the test signal U _tf in the double logarithmic scale, and then these AXs are used for quantitative instrumental assessment of the level of the carrier U _{ps (np)} of the PS voltage (NP) u _{vhps (np)} (t) (1) according to the results of the calculation at the DLC RPM stage of the normalized average levels δ _out.1 , δ _out.2 , δ _out.3 (2) LF-voltage PS (NP) U _out.1 , U _out.2 (2) and their confidence limits (3) in the 1st and 2nd ORC RPM.

To ensure a quantitative instrumental assessment of the amplitude method in the declared method, the coefficient M _{ps (np) of the} useful information AM m _{ps (np)} (t) or the frequency deviation Δf _{max.ps (np) of the} useful information FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) voltage PS ( NP) u _{vhps (np)} (t) (1) according to the normalized calibration calibration _{factor of the} RPM δ _{guh 1} (M _tf | U _tf ) or δ _{guf 1} (Δf _max.tc | U _tc, ) obtained in the 1st The RPM ORG according to the algorithms of clause 2.4c) perform, in addition to the above in clause 4.2.4, the measurement and recording of the current values of the output low-frequency voltage U _{level 1} (t) in the 1st RPM OR sharp (at least five to seven) fixed values of the harmonic AM coefficient M _tf or deviation of the frequency of the harmonic FM Δf _{max.tc of the} test signal u _tf (t), evenly distributed in increments of no more than 15 ... 20% of the maximum operational values of M _tf , Δf _max.tc up to 20% of the indicated values and then in increments of 2.5 ... 5% up to 0.5 ... 1% inclusive for discrete values of the carrier level of the test signal U _tf specified in clause 2.4c).

d). The above-described calibration process by the claimed method of the standard and two alternative normalized calibration _{AHs is} δ _{guy 1} (U _tf ) and δ _{guf. 2} (U _tf ) δ _{guf. 3} (U _tf ) using the CPI of FIG. 2 was practically implemented when calibrating normalized AX RPMs of several serial airborne radio stations of the aircraft, including the MB-radio station Baklan in laboratory and bench conditions. With this calibration of the RPM of the MB Baklan radio station, the G-102 type GSS was used as the source of the test signal u _tf (t) 2, and for measuring the level (rms value) of the low-frequency voltage U _{high 1} , U _{high 2} in the 1st and 2nd ORC RPM 3 - a service voltmeter 4 of type V-10 and a millivoltmeter of type 4 V-41, connected at the output of the control unit in parallel with high-impedance headphones of the air-headset.

The possibility of practical implementation of the claimed method at the stage of calibration of normalized AX RPMs is confirmed by the graphs of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 standardized calibration AH RPMs of the serial on-board radio station “Baklan” and similar schedules for on-board RPMs of other types. At the same time, the alternative calibration _AHs δ _{dyn. 2} (U _tf ), δ _{dn. 3} (U _tf ) establish a substantially nonlinear one-to-one functional relationship between the normalized levels δ _{dn. 2} , δ _{dn. 3} , calculated by the general expressions (2) - (8) the results of measurements of RPM levels LF voltage to the telephone output in the 1st and 2nd ORG, - on the one hand and the carrier level test signal U _are at antenna input RPM - the other in the dynamic range exceeding a nominal threshold sensitivity RPM noise voltage at 60 ... 65 dB. This circumstance allows us to use the normalized calibration AH δ _{guig 1} (U _tf ), δ _{gug 2} (U _tf ); δ _hot.3 (U _tf ) for a quantitative instrumental assessment of the level of the carrier PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} (1) according to the results of the calculation of normalized levels δ _output 1 (1), δ _output 2 (2), δ _{output. 3} (3) at the stage of the PKD RPM, It is fundamentally important that the methods and algorithms for testing and monitoring on-board RPMs described in the "Typical Methodology ..." [1] and NTD [7-9], as well as the previously described built-in method serviceability monitoring of on-board RPMs with telephone output, do not have such capabilities and do not allow to quickly quantify and control changes in the main ones ( liyayuschih on specifications and technical condition) energy parameters PS and PP at the antenna input RPM as part of the aircraft in ground and flight conditions.

Thus, the claimed method eliminates the disadvantages of the known single-signal methods and test algorithms and built-in RPM control and provides a solution to the urgent technical problem of providing an operational instrumental assessment and control of the energy parameters of a substation or an NP at the antenna input of an existing RPM fleet by measuring normalized levels of δ _out.2 (2 ), δ _vyh.3 (3) characterizing the spurious levels introduced by the input devices RPM amplitude and phase noise, mainly own technical assistance with of PRM facilities, on-board service and electronic aircraft equipment and RAP - SS sources or without the involvement of NP for the purpose of measuring antennas, measuring receivers and spectrum analyzers for general and special (service) purposes.

Using the inventive method in actual testing and operating conditions of an on-board RPM with a telephone output as part of an aircraft in ground and flight conditions will make it possible to determine from the results of measuring the levels (effective values) of the LF voltage at the RPM telephone output in three reference single-signal monitoring (ORC) and calibration modes (ORG) of normalized AC RPM quantitative values of the main energy parameters of the PS and NP of class A3E or F3E at the RPM antenna input (levels of the carrier PS or NP, the amplitude values of the field coefficients useful information AM or frequency deviation of the useful information FM and the mean square values of the residual spurious component of AM or FM PS or NP taking into account the amplitude and frequency noise introduced by the RPM) with acceptable engineering accuracy (errors not exceeding 1.5 ... 2 dB) without involving for these purposes, additionally measuring equipment for general and special (service) purposes and use the results obtained during ground and flight tests of aircraft to assess electromagnetic safety and onboard radio compatibility communication and navigation equipment, electrodynamic isolation, and azimuthal radiation patterns of airborne receiving and transmitting antennas of the aircraft, as well as for operational instrumental monitoring of the technical state of the RPM in ground and flight conditions when operating the aircraft according to the technical condition, which ensures the appearance of new properties of the claimed method that are absent in the known the methods described in the patent [3-6], distant analogues [3-9 and prototype [1].

List of cited literature

[one]. A typical methodology for assessing the electromagnetic compatibility of airborne radio equipment installed on GA aircraft. - M .: State. Research Institute "Air Navigation" and SSC "LII them. M. M. Gromova ", 1995.

[2]. Measurement of radio signals and interference. "News company" Rode and Schwartz. " Special issue (in Russian), 1985. - 87 p.

[3]. RF patent for the invention RU 2374654 “Method for assessing the electromagnetic compatibility of shipboard technical equipment and hardware complex for its implementation” dated December 27, 2007, IPC G01R 29/08 (2006.01).

[4]. RF patent for the invention RU 2638079 C1 "Method for measuring the azimuthal radiation pattern of the antenna as part of large-sized mobile land objects and a device for its implementation" from 10.19.2016; IPC G01R 29/10 (2006.01).

[5]. RF patent for invention RU 2251803 О “Method for determining information parameters and characteristics of radio signals of transmitters” dated July 20, 2004, IPC Н04В 7/185, 7/26.

[6]. RF patent for the invention RU 2267862 C1 "Device for determining information parameters and characteristics of radio signals of transmitters", IPC Н04В 7/185, 7/26 (2006.01).

[7]. Technical requirements for aircraft equipment. Appendix P8 to Ch. 8 NLGS 2 “Aircraft equipment”. - M.: MVK on airworthiness standards. [8]. 1974.- 360 p., Pp. 200, 201 and 220-222.

[8]. Unified standards of airworthiness of aircraft (ENLGS) transport category. Technical requirements for aircraft equipment. Appendix P8 to Ch. 8 ENLG-S “Aircraft Equipment” .. - M.: IAC, CMEA Standing Commission on Civil Aviation. 1987. - 360 p., Pp. 217-224

[nine]. Radio station "Harlequin-D". Manual for technical operation IV1.104.136 OM book 1. Maintenance manual RO 023.10.00 Adjustment and testing, p. 513-528.

[10]. IN AND. Tikhonov. Nonlinear transformations of random processes. - M.: Radio and Communications, 1986. - 296 p., Pp. 35-38 and p. 40, 41.

List of abbreviations

HELL - amplitude detector

AM - amplitude modulation

ARC - automatic radio compass

AGC - automatic gain control

AH - amplitude characteristic

AS - amplitude noise

VSK - built-in control system

VTs - computer center

Treble - High Frequency

GSS - standard signal generator

DKMV - decameter waves

UHF - decimeter waves

Hydraulic fracturing - glide path receiver

IVK - measuring and computing complex

KRP - course receiver

LII - Flight Research Institute

LL - flying laboratory

MRI - marker receiver

MB - meter waves

NP - unintentional interference

NTD - normative and technical document

Scientific Center - Scientific Center

LF - low frequency

OKP - main receiving channel (RPM)

ORG - single-signal graduation mode (RPM)

PKP - side channel reception (RPM)

PS is a useful signal

IF - intermediate frequency

PSH - noise suppressor

PBC - distributed computing system

RNO - radio navigation equipment

RPD - radio transmitter

RPM - radio

RRG - manual volume control

RRU - manual gain control

PC - radio station

RSBN - short-range radio engineering system

SV - medium waves

SOK - operational control system

SPU - aircraft intercom

TD - technical documentation

TSI - technical measuring instruments

ULF - low frequency amplifier

UPCH - intermediate frequency amplifier

FS - phase noise

BH - frequency detector

FM - frequency modulation

ЧШ - frequency noise

Computer - electronic computer

EDR - electrodynamic isolation

EMC - electromagnetic compatibility

ERE - electro radio elements

Claims (46)

1. The method of operational instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of the useful signal (PS) and unintentional interference (NP) at the antenna input of the onboard radio receiver (RPM) with a telephone output as part of the aircraft (LA), comprising turning on the onboard RPM, airfield or onboard radio transmitter (RPD) - a source of PS (NP) in the normal operating modes of radio reception and, accordingly, radio transmission of radiation of class A3E or F3E (“telephony” with two-band analog AM or FM), amplification and frequency conversion of the input RF signal (PS, NP) in RPM at high (HF) and nonzero intermediate (IF) frequencies, detecting the converted signal (PS, NP) in a conventional (non-synchronous) transistor or semiconductor amplitude detector (HELL) or in a similar frequency detector (BH) of differentiating type, gain the output low-frequency voltage of the detector in a linear low-frequency amplifier (VLF), automatic gain control (AGC) of the RPM for RF, IF and LF and additionally the amplitude limitation of the converted input signals (PS, NP) of class F3E for effective level stabilization sound signals (speech) in the headphones of the airborne RPM operator’s headset under the expected conditions of testing and operating the RPM as part of an aircraft, characterized in that during ground and flight tests of the aircraft to assess the electromagnetic safety and compatibility (EMBS) of an on-board RPM with an RPM of ground and airborne radios ( PC), electrodynamic isolation and radiation patterns of PC airfield and airborne antennas, as well as during operational monitoring of the RPM technical condition during operation as part of an aircraft in ground and flight conditions and electromagnetic installations (EMO) on board the aircraft on the routes and in the areas of test and operational flights carry out additional operational control (DOC) of the RPM as part of the aircraft in three reference single-signal control modes (ORC) and preliminary (before the start of the DOC) - calibration of normalized amplitude characteristics (AX) ) RPM in single-signal graduation modes (ORG), similar mainly to ORM RPM; at the same time, in the process of the DOK, they measure, register, perform statistical processing in time and normalize the current effective values (levels) U _output.n (t) of the LF voltage u _output.n (t) at the telephone output of the RPM mainly by its own technical means of RPM, electronic aircraft equipment, aerodrome (airborne) RPD - PS (NP) source and, if necessary, service low-frequency millivoltmeter, magnetic recorder and computer of the measuring and computing complex (IVK) of the aircraft in three (n = 0, 1, 2) reference ORC RPM: lack of RPM PS and NP at the antenna input in the initial (n = 0) preparatory ORC, when exposed to the voltage of the PS (NP) of class A3E or F3E

with the effective value (level) of the carrier U _{ps (np)} , the frequency of the carrier f _{ps (np)} , matching or close to the selected operating RPM letter frequency f _ppm ≈ f _{pc (np)} , the initial phase ϕ ₀ and with the typical phases specified in the technical documentation (TD) by the operational parameters of the useful information component of the analog AM m _{ps (np)} (t) or FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) in the 1st (n = 1) full-time ORC and when exposed to PS (NP) u _{ps (np )} (t) (1) without useful information modulation (with an unmodulated carrier U _{ps (np)} ) in the 2nd (n = 2) alternative ORC; the required RPM ORCs provide switching on (installation) automatically and alternately according to the operator of the RPM appropriate modes of operation of the airfield or airborne RPD - source of the PS (NP): when the radio emission of the RPD is turned off in the initial (n = 0) RPM of the RPM, in the normal mode of radio transmission of the main radiation of the RPD class A3E or F3E with typical operational parameters of the useful information AM or FM specified in the technical documentation (TD) in the 1st (n = 1) standard ORC and in the radio transmission mode of the main radiation of the RPD without useful information m modulation of (unmodulated carrier) in the 2 m (n = 2) alternate JWC; during statistical processing of the results of measurement and registration of the RPM low-voltage levels U _output.n (t) in three (n = 0, 1, 2) ORCs, the airborne or airfield computers are determined by standard methods, their time-averaged values U _output.n and standard deviations ΔU _out.n after rejecting gross deviations of the levels U _out.n (t) from their average values U _out.n for 3 ... 5 seconds with a sample size of N _n >> 1 and with a sampling frequency of not more than 100 Hz; then calculate the values: the ratio of the average levels

characterizing, according to their physical meaning, the normalized (dimensionless) averaged levels U _{output 1} , U _{output 2} low-voltage PS (NP) u _{output 1} (t), u _{output 2} (t) at the telephone line output RPM in the 1st and accordingly in the 2nd ORC; normalized (dimensionless) standard deviations

confidence limits (dg) of the statistical estimate in the Gaussian approximation of the normalized average levels δ _out.10 , δ _out.20 , δ _out.3, with the guaranteed probability of their reliable (correct) assessment not less than 0.997:

then determined by graphic constructions or graph-analytically by computer numerical value of the carrier level U _{ps (np)} voltage PS (NP) u _{nc (np) (t)} normalized by the nominal _gvyh.1 δ (U _n) and two alternative δ _{gvyh .2} (U _tf ), δ out of ₃ (U _tf ) calibration RPM of the RPM as a function of the carrier level of the U _{tf of a} quasi-harmonic test signal of class A3E or F3E at the RPM antenna input

previously obtained (before the start of the MLC) when calibrating the AC RPM in three (n = 0, 1, 2) standard single-signal calibration modes (ORG), similar mainly to three ORC RPM; at the same time, the value of the level of the test signal U _tc , at which the value of the normalized level δ _{output 1} , δ _{output 2} , measured at the DOK stage, is taken as the value of the PS (NP) carrier level measured at the DOK stage U _doc = U _{ps (np)} , δ out. ₃ coincides with the normalized calibration AX δ _{guig. 1} (U _tf ), δ _{guig. 2} (U _tf ), δ _{guig. 3} (U _tf ) on its monotonously varying section (for 1 <δ out. ₁ < δ _{output 1.max} ; 1> δ _{output 2} > δ _{output 2.min} ; 1> δ _{output 3} > δ _{output 3.min} ) i.e.

where U _rpd.1 / U _rpd.2 - the ratio of the levels of the carrier U _rpd.1 , U _{rpd.2 of the} output RF signal u _rpd (t) RPD - source PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) in the 1st and 2nd ORC RPM; δ _out.1.max - the maximum value of the ratio δ _out.1 on the upper flat section of the normalized standard AX δ _out.1 (U _ps ) as a function of the level of the carrier U _ps ; δ _out.2.min << 1, δ _out.3.min << 1 - the minimum value of the ratio δ _out.2 , δ _out.3 on the lower flat section of the normalized alternative _AC RPM δ _out.20 (U _ps ), δ _{out 21} (U _ps ) as functions of the level of the carrier PS U _ps ; Further, the calculated value U _doc = U _{doc 1} ≈ U _{doc. 3 is} used to quantify the level of the carrier PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} = U _doc on the initial flat or non-monotonously varying section by an alternative calibration AH δ _{dimen. 2} (U _tf )> 1, and the calculated value of U _doc = U _doc . ₂ ≈ U _{doc. 3} - on a monotonously decreasing section of the AX δ _{high 2} (U _tf ) <1; in a similar way, the confidence limits of the statistical estimate of the measured PS (NP) carrier level are calculated U _{ps (np)} = U _doc , namely, at the intersection of the upper (+) and lower (-) confidence boundaries (3) of the normalized levels δ out. ₁ , δ _{out .2} , δ _out.3 with upper (+) and lower (-) confidence limits of the normalized calibration AX δ _{high 1} (U _tf ), δ _{hot 2} (U _tf ), δ _{hot 3} (U _tf ) at U _tf = U _doc , given by general expressions similar to expressions (3); the amplitude value of the coefficient AM M _{ps (np)} or FM frequency deviation Δf _{max.ps (np) of the} useful information component of the analog AM m _{ps (np)} (t) or FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) is determined by the claimed method according to the normalized calibration DX RPM δ _{guq. 1} (U _tc | M _tc ) or δ _{guq. 1} (U _tc | Δf _max.tc ), obtained previously as a function of the harmonic coefficient AM M _tf , or deviation of the frequency of the harmonic FM Δf _{max.tc of the} test signal u _tf (t) (4) at a fixed level of the carrier of the test signal U _tf = U _doc as a parameter of the indicated DX; at the same time, for the quantitative value of the coefficient AM M _doc or the FM frequency deviation Δf _max.dock measured at the DOK stage, then the value of the harmonic FM coefficient M M _tc or the deviation of the harmonic FM frequency Δf _max.tc test signal u _tc (t) (4 ), at which the measured value of the normalized level δ _ex.1 matches the calibration _DF δ _{high 1} (M _tf | U _doc ) or δ _{hot 1} (Δf _max.tf | U _doc ), i.e.

Further, the measured values of M _doc , Δf _max.doc and normalized level δ _out.3 are used to determine the computer of the aircraft or the CPI of the effective value (level) m _opt.doc , Δf _{opt.doc of the} residual parasitic component (opc) AM AM m _{ps (np )} (t) either FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) taking into account spurious introduced RPM amplitude m _w (t) or phase ϕ _w (t) LF - noise in terms

after which they evaluate by expert methods or automatically on a computer the correspondence of the carrier levels measured at the DOK stage U _dock , amplitude values M _dock , Δf _{max.doc of} useful information components and levels m _opt.doc , Δf _{opt.doc of} residual parasitic components AM m _{ps (np )} (t) or FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) the requirements of the technical documentation. 2. A method for the operational instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of a substation and a substation according to claim 1, characterized in that a quantitative instrumental assessment of the level of a substation (substratum) U _{ps (np)} = U _dock at the DOC stage is performed according to the proposed technical solutions for the rational selection of used technical means, parameters and modes of their operation in three (n = 0, 1, 2) ORC RPM in the following sequence: (a) at the beginning of the initial (n = 0) ORC, they include an on-board RPM at the selected operating letter frequency f _rpm ≈ f _{ps (np)} in the radio reception mode of input RF signals (PS, NP) of class A3E or F3E, set automatically on a computer or manually by the manual gain control (RRU) maximum RPM gain with the noise suppressor (PS) turned off by the RPM of the on-board radio station, and the manual volume control (RRG) by the nominal level specified in the TD (effective value) U _{output ns} of intrinsic low-frequency noise u _{output 0} (t) at the telephone output of the RPM in the absence of in the selected operating frequency of the RPM f _{RPM of the} input RF signals (PS, NP, other external and internal RF interference and acoustic noise of the aircraft of unacceptable levels), is measured by a built-in or service voltmeter and recorded by means of magnetic recording or computer of the aircraft current values of the level U _{output 0} (t) RPM LF noise voltage u _{output 0} (t) for 3 ... 5 seconds no more with sample size N ₀ >> 1 and sample frequency F ₀ ≤100 Hz; (b) to ensure the required 1st and 2nd ORCs, RPMs include (install), alternately, at the commands of the RPM operator or automatically a computer, the corresponding operating modes of the airfield or airborne RPD - PS (NP) source u PS (NP ₎ (t) (1) ) at the operating letter frequency f _rpd , selected from the conditions of coincidence of the main or secondary radiation of the RPD with the main channel for receiving the RPD at the working letter frequency f _rpdm , measure the built-in voltmeter RPD and document the levels of the carrier U _rpd.1 U _{rpd.2 of the} output RF voltage u _RAP (t) the fundamental radiation RAP in the 1st and in the 2nd D imah radio; if necessary, turn on and off the commands of the RPM operator or automatically the computer attenuation of the built-in discretely adjustable attenuators RPD and RPM; the moments of turning on and off the operating modes of the onboard RPM and RPD and the attenuation of the attenuators of the RPM and RPD are recorded on board the aircraft in the form of one-time commands; (c) during operation of the RPD - source of the PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) in the 1st and 2nd modes of radio transmission, adjust the frequency of the RPM or RPD, if provided for in the TD, according to the maximum the level of the output low-frequency voltage PS (NP) U _{output 1} (t) in the 1st ORC RPM and the minimum level of voltage low-frequency noise U _{output 2} (t) in the 2nd ORC RPM after the end of transient processes in a closed system AGC RPM, and then measured with a voltmeter in the 1st ORK and a millivoltmeter in the 2nd ORK and recorded with the on-board or service recorder of the aircraft the current values of the level U _{output. 1} (t) of the low-voltage PS (NP) and _{output 1} (t) in 1 -th ORC and level U _{output 2} (t) of the intrinsic LF noise voltage U _{output 2} (t) in the 2nd ORC for no more than 3 ... 5 seconds with a sample size of N ₁ , N ₂ >> 1 and frequency samples <100 Hz; then they turn off automatically or at the commands of the operator of the RPM the radio emission of the RPD - the source of the PS (NP) and, depending on the technical capabilities of the onboard computers of the aircraft and their software, they perform secondary processing of the measured levels U _output.n (t) (n = 0, 1,2) according to expressions (2), (3), (5) - (8) in flight in real or near real time, either on an aerodrome computer or on a programmable calculator, after the flight of the aircraft. 3. The method of operational instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of the PS and NP according to claim 1, characterized in that the calibration of the AX of the onboard RPM with a telephone output is performed previously (before the start of the MLC) in laboratory-bench conditions before installing the RPM on the aircraft or after dismantling the RPM from the board An aircraft, or as part of an aircraft under aerodrome conditions, using a PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) as a source (1) a service simulator or a programmable standard signal generator (GSS) that generates a calibrated test signal u at the RPM antenna input _tf (t) (4) with adjustable equal to the carrier U _tf in the range 65 ... 70 dB relative to the nominal threshold sensitivity of the RPM in terms of noise voltage U _por.nsch , with the frequency of the test signal carrier f _tf , matching or close to the operating reference frequency of the RPM f _rpm , and with adjustable values of the coefficient M _tf harmonic AM m _tf (t) or frequency deviation Δf _{max.tc of} harmonic FM Δf _tf (t); at the same time, calibration of the AC RPM in three single-signal graduation modes (ORG), similar mainly to three ORCs at the PKD stage, according to the proposed technical solutions for the rational selection of the used technical means, their parameters and operating modes in the following order: (a) at the beginning of the initial (n = 0) preparatory ORG, they include RPMs in the normal mode of radio reception of input RF signals (PS, NP) of class A3E or F3E at the selected (assigned) working letter frequency f _rpm ≈ f _tf , set automatically or manually by the RRU body the maximum possible amplification of the RPM by its low-frequency telephone output when the RP RPM is turned off on-board PC, and by the RRG organ is the nominal (effective value) specified in the TD U _output voltage of the RPM low-noise noise _u0.0 (t) at off test signal simulator u _tf (t) (4); measure the built-in or external voltmeter current values of the level _Uqualities.0 (t) of the low-frequency noise voltage of the RPM _uqualities.0 (t) and record these computer values with a sample size of N ₀ >> 1 and a sampling frequency of F ₀ ≤100 Hz; (b) in the 1st (n = 1) regular RPM ORG, include a service simulator or GSS at the selected RPM operating frequency f _rpm ≈ f _tf , in the test signal generation mode u _tf (t) (4) with a harmonic coefficient M _tf AM m _tf (t) or with frequency deviation Δf _{max.tc of the} harmonic FM Δf _tf (t) of the test signal u _tf (t) (4), simulating the PS (NP) u _{ps (ns)} (t) (1) in The 1st (n = 1) regular RPM ORC, and in the 2nd (n = 2) alternative RPM ORG - in the test signal generation mode u _tf (t) (4) without useful harmonic AM m _tf (t) either FM Δf _tf (t) (with unmodulated carrier U _tf ); successively set the discrete values of the carrier level of the test signal U _tf in the range from the initial value equal to the threshold sensitivity of the RPM for noise voltage U _{por. ns} , to values exceeding the noise level U _{por. ns} by 65 ... 70 dB, first with a step of 3 ... 5 dB to values of 20 ... 25 dB, and then with a step of 10 ... 15 dB to values of 65 ... 70 dB, simultaneously measure with a voltmeter in the 1st ORG and a millivoltmeter in the 2nd ORG and register the current level values with magnetic recording or computer services the output low-frequency voltage of the RPM U _{heigh. 1} (t) in the 1st and U _{heigh. 2} ( t) in the 2nd ORG at each installed carrier level U _tf ; (c) after which they turn off the service simulator or GSS and proceed to the statistical processing of the onboard or airfield computer of the current values of the RPM low-voltage levels U _Гvy.n (t) measured in three (n = 0, 1, 2) ORGs, while is calculated by standard methods for each established level carrier signal U test values _are averaged levels _gvyh.0 U, U _gvyh.1 (U _n), U _gvyh.2 (U _n) and their standard deviations ΔU _gvyh.0, ΔU _{gvyh. 1} (U _tf ), ΔU _{fast 2} (U _tf ), and then normalized average levels U _{hot 1} (U _tf ), U _{hot 2} (U _tf ) and standard deviations ΔU _{hot 0.} , ΔU _{high 1} (U _tf ), ΔU _{high 2} (U _t ) with respect to the nominal level of low-frequency noise U _output n = U _{high 0} , set at the beginning of the initial (n = 0) ORG and refined by the average the level of intrinsic low-frequency noise of the RPM _{Uqual. 0} , and then the values of normalized (dimensionless) averaged levels are calculated and recorded by airborne or airfield means

normalized (dimensionless) standard deviations

confidence limits (dg) of the statistical estimate in the Gaussian approximation of the normalized averaged levels of δ _guy.n (U _tf ); n = 1, 2, 3, with guaranteed probability of their reliable (correct) assessment of at least 0.997:

(g) the values of normalized levels _gvyh.10 δ (U _n), δ _gvyh.20 (U _n), δ _gvyh.21 (U _n) and their confidence limits, calculated by general expressions (8) and (9) are recorded airfield or on-board computers in the form of two-dimensional arrays of numerical data, display these data on the computer monitor screen in the form of graphs of normalized calibration _AC RPMs δ _{high 10} (U _tf ), δ _{hot 20} (U _tf ) δ _{hot 21} (U _tf ) and their confidence limits on a double logarithmic scale as functions of the carrier level of the test signal U _tc , these graphs are documented in the form of their printouts on paper a computer printer, and then use them at the DOC RPM stage to quantify the energy parameters of the voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) according to the measurement results at the DOC stage of the normalized levels δ _{output 1} , δ _{output 2} , δ _{output .3} and their confidence limits according to algorithms 1 and 2; (e) to provide a quantitative estimate of the amplitude values of the useful information component AM m _{ps (np)} (t) or FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) according to the normalized calibration HH RPM δ _gvyh.1 (m _tf | U _docking) or _gvyh.1 δ (Δf _max.tc | U _Doc) operate in the 1st Prep PRM further measurement, recording, processing and statistical normalization current effective values (levels) of the output LF voltage RPM _gvyh.1 U (t) in the 1st normal FES RPM at several (at least five - to seven) fixed values of m _are harmonic AM or ninth coefficient ation FM harmonic frequency Δf _max.tc test signal _are u (t) (4) with a pitch not more than 15 ... 20% of the maximum performance values of M _are, Δf _max.tc to 15 ... 20% of the indicated values and further increments 2.5 ... 5% up to 0.5 ... 1% inclusive for all discrete values of the carrier level of the test signal U _tf ; then turn off the service simulator and start processing the measurement results by expressions (8), (9) on a computer with a monitor and printer; first, according to the graphs of the normalized calibration AX RPMs, _{δhigh 1} (U _tf | M _tf ) or δ _{guf. 1} (U _tc | Δf _max.tc ) determine their values at a fixed value of the test signal carrier level U _tf = U _doc , and then use the calculated values of AH δ _{df 1} (U _doc | M _tf ), δ _{df 1} (U _doc | Δf _max.tf ) as the fixed values of the normalized calibration RP RPM

as a function of the harmonic coefficient AM M _tf or deviation of the frequency of the harmonic FM Δf _{max.tc of the} test signal u _tf (t) (4) at a fixed level of the carrier of the test signal U _tf = U _doc as a parameter of the indicated DC. 4. The method of operational instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of PS and NS according to paragraphs. 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that in the case when the measured values of the normalized levels are δ _{output 1} , δ _{output 2} , δ _{output 3} defined by the general expressions (2) are simultaneously or in pairs on flat sections of the normalized calibration AX RPM δ _{guig 1} (U _tc ), δ _{guig 2} (U _tf ), δ _{guig 3} (U _tf ), then repeat the DOC RPM process in the 1st and 2nd ORCs with the attenuation of the built-in discretely controlled RF -attenyuatora RPM and if this is not sufficient, a similar attenuator RAP - source PS (NP), the actual value of said damping δ _amm attenyuato s in the 1st and 2nd JWC RPM at step repeated measurements was adjusted to a new computed value of the carrier level

was in a monotonously decreasing section of the normalized alternative calibration _AC δ δ _{dw. 2} (U _tf )> 0.01 ... 0.003; then the new value of the carrier PS (NP)

in decibels (dB), the attenuation δ _att in decibels (dB) is increased by the actual attenuation, i.e. accept that

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