RU2706605C2 - Piece article storage system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation, packaging and storage.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to transportation and storage of piece goods or materials and can be used in any industry. Storage system for piece products consists of containers equipped with rollers, fixed frame with parallel inclined guides fixed at an angle in direction of containers, braking and safety devices. Rollers are fixed on lateral sides of containers with possibility of rolling along said flat guides of fixed frame. Braking devices are a combination consisting of elastic thrusts fixed at ends of guides perpendicular to direction of movement of containers and retainers, which are flat plates located parallel to surface of guides. Guides are made with horizontal section, which starts from the beginning of guide, and its length exceeds distance between axes of front and rear rollers of container. When the container interacts with the elastic thrust, the container rear roller interacts with the lower surface of the retainer plate and a counter torque force occurs.

EFFECT: invention improves reliability, simplifies design, increases useful volume of storage, provides reliable fixation of container against overturning in final point of guides and excludes probability of damage of rollers at impact against fixed stop.

5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the transportation and storage of piece goods or materials and can find application in any industry.

The gravity racks for pallets are widely known (1).

They are rack systems, which consist of a fixed frame and roller tracks (roller tables) fixed on it, which are located at an angle of 3-5 degrees to the horizon. The cargo moves along the rack to the place of unloading due to its own weight. Cylindrical rollers serve as load-bearing elements of conveyors, and brake mechanisms are used to control the speed of cargo movement. When loading, the first pallet stops, reaching the stop. To avoid pressure from the rear pallets to the front, they are separated by load-sharing mechanisms. This makes it possible to freely remove pallets from racks. The main disadvantages of this system are its high material consumption and the complexity of manufacturing, due to the need to manufacture and install a significant number of rollers and auxiliary mechanisms, which in turn explains the high cost of these systems. In addition, the claimed slope angle of the roller tracks of a size (at least 3 degrees) causes a significant difference in height between the starting and ending points of the inclined path, and, consequently, a decrease in the useful storage volume.

Also known is a warehouse for the storage of piece goods, equipped with inclined racks on which a container is installed, which is a box, to the bottom of which four rollers are attached, protruding beyond the dimensions of the box. Tare rollers are mounted on ball bearings, and single-row racks are a metal structure, each cell of which consists of two corners, inclined from the loading point to the unloading point at a slight angle and having a fixed stop at the unloading point at the end to hold the container. The container is installed on these racks, rolls under the action of its own weight until the front rollers hit the fixed stop. (2)

The disadvantage of this design is the high probability of damage to the rollers when they hit a fixed stop and the lack of reliable fixation of containers from tipping over at the end point of movement.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed solution is a warehouse for storing packaged goods, containing gravity racks with shock absorbing stops at reloading sites, trolleys with buffers and a loading and unloading device with grippers, while the loading and unloading device is located above the racks, and the buffers are installed in the upper part of the trolleys for interacting with the grips of the handling device. (3)

The disadvantage of this system is the presence of additional buffers on each trolley, which complicates the design and increases the cost of their manufacture, as well as the need to use additional grippers of a special design on the loading and loading device.

To eliminate these drawbacks, namely, to simplify the design, increase the useful storage volume, ensure reliable fixation of the container from tipping over at the end point of the guides and eliminate the likelihood of damage to the rollers upon impact with a fixed stop in order to create a reliable and low-cost manufacturing system for storing piece goods and materials in the production environment, this invention is directed.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the proposed system, the rollers are mounted on the sides of the containers with the possibility of rolling along the guides of the fixed frame, which provides a constructive opportunity to increase the diameter of the rollers in relation to the diameter of the rollers of the tracks of gravity racks and, as a result, to reduce the rolling friction coefficient and the slope angle guides in the direction of movement of the containers, which does not exceed 3 degrees, while for gravity racks this angle is from 3 to 5 degrees, wherein the braking devices are a combination of elastic stops fixed at the ends of the guides perpendicular to the direction of movement of the containers and clamps, which are flat plates parallel to the surface of the guides at a distance exceeding the diameter of the roller, and the maximum distance from the stop to the edge of the clamp should be not less than the distance from the plane of the front wall of the container to the plane parallel to it and passing through the axis of the part, the guides are made with a slope in the direction opposite to the direction of the main slope, the guides are made with an additional slope, which is within 1 degree relative to the main angle of the slope of the guides, and starts at a distance from the stop plane not exceeding the length of the container, the guides are made with a horizontal section that starts from the beginning of the guide, and its length exceeds the distance between the axes of the front and rear rollers of the container, the guides are provided to protect lnymi ratchet type device, adapted to pass the container when moving in the forward direction and prevent movement in the opposite direction and located at the beginning of the horizontal section.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

in FIG. 1 - general view of the system,

in FIG. 2 - container

in FIG. 3 - one row of storage

in FIG. 4 - brake device.

The positions in the drawings indicate:

1 - container

2 - front roller of the container

3 - rear roller of the container

4 - guides

5 - elastic emphasis

6 - clamp

7 - guides for empty containers

8 - ratchet type safety device

9 - second container

10 - the third container.

The storage system consists of containers 1, equipped with rollers 2, 3 and a fixed frame with parallel inclined guides 4, brake devices, which are a combination of elastic stops 5, mounted on the ends of the guides 4 perpendicular to the direction of movement of the containers 1 and latches 6, representing flat plates located parallel to the surface of the guides 4 above the rollers 3 at a distance greater than the diameter of the roller 3, and the maximum distance from the stop 5 to the edge of the latch 6 ave to be not less than the distance from the plane of the front wall of the container 1 to a plane parallel thereto and passing through the axis of the downstream roller 3 of the container 1. Part 7 is provided with the guide slope in the direction opposite the main direction of deviation,

The guides 4 are made with an additional slope, which is within 1 degree relative to the main angle of the slope of the guides, and starts at a distance from the stop plane 5, not exceeding the length of the container 1. The guides 4 are made with a horizontal section that starts from the beginning of the guide 4, and its length exceeds the distance between the axes of the front 2 and rear 3 rollers of the container 1.

The guides 4 are equipped with ratchet-type safety devices 8, made with the possibility of passing the container when moving in the forward direction and preventing movement in the opposite direction and located at the beginning of the horizontal section.

The guides 4 can be arranged in several tiers in height, depending on the design features of the frame.

The system works as follows:

Piece products or materials intended for storage are placed inside the container 1, which, using a stacker or other lifting device, is mounted on the horizontal section of the guides 4 so that the rollers 2 and 3 interact with the surface of the guides 4. With further forced movement, the container 1 interacts with a ratchet type safety device 8, deflects it, advances further along the guides 1 and leaves the interaction. The safety device 8 under the action of its own weight returns to its original position. The choice of storage cell is made depending on the assortment of the loaded product. The second container 9 is installed in the same way. In this case, the second container 9 acts on the first container 1 and moves it forward along the guides 4. In this case, the rollers 2 and 3 of the first container 1 move onto an inclined section of the guides 4 and the container 1 begins to movement along the guides 4 to contact with the elastic stops 5. At the moment of touching the container 1 and the elastic stop 5, the axis of the rear rollers 3 of the container 1 is at a distance from the plane of the stop 5 not exceeding the distance from the planes and stop 5 to the edge of the latch 6. In this case, the plane of the latch is parallel to the surface of the guides 4. Then, in the process of interaction between the container 1 and the stops 5, the kinetic energy accumulated during the movement of the container 1 along the guides 4 passes into the potential energy of elastic deformation of the stops 5. When this container 1 moves further along the guides and stops. At the moment of stopping the container 1, a torque occurs due to the fact that the center of gravity of the container 1 is located above the line of interaction of the container 1 and the stops 5. In this case, the rear roller 3 of the container 1 interacts with the lower surface of the plate of the retainer 6, and there is a force to counter the torque . Container 1 is securely locked. When installing the third container 10 on the guides, the second container 9 under the action of its own weight starts moving along the guides 4 until it contacts the first container 1. Due to the fact that the guides 4 are made with an additional slope between the rear wall of the first container 1 and the front wall of the second container 9 a small acute angle is formed, sufficient for guaranteed separation of the containers. Next, the cycle is repeated until the entire storage cell (row) is filled. The remaining cells are filled in the same way.

To unload the container 1, it is necessary to use the stacker to act on its front wall in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the container during loading. In this case, the container 1 is forcibly moved and its rear roller 3 goes out of interaction with the latch 6. Then the container 1 is lifted by the forklift forks to a height sufficient for the rear roller 3 to pass above the plate of the latch 6 and unloaded. Unloading of the remaining containers is carried out similarly. The loading and unloading of empty containers is carried out in the same way on the guides 7, the direction of the slope of which is opposite to the direction of the slope of the guides 4.

Information sources.

1. Gravity racks.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0 % BE% D0% BD% D0% BD% D1% 8B% D0% B5_% D1% 81% D1% 82% D0% B5% D0% BB% D0% BB% D0% B0% D0% B6% D0% B8

2. A.C. No. 182051, B65G.

3. A.C. No. 766987, B65C 47/69.

Claims (10)

1. A piece storage system consisting of containers equipped with rollers, a fixed frame with parallel inclined guides, angled in the direction of movement of the containers, brake and safety devices, the rollers being mounted on the sides of the containers with the possibility of rolling along the flat planes frame characterized in that the braking devices are a combination of elastic stops fixed to the ends of the guides perpendicular to the direction of movement of the containers and the latches, which are flat plates located parallel to the surface of the guides at a distance exceeding the diameter of the roller with the possibility of interaction with the plate of the rear roller of the container in the interaction of the container and the elastic stops. 2. The storage system of piece goods, according to claim 1, characterized in that the slope of the guides does not exceed 3 degrees. 3. The storage system of piece goods, according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the guides is made with a slope in the direction opposite to the direction of the slope of the other guides. 4. The storage system of piece goods, according to claim 1, characterized in that the guides are made with an additional slope, which is within 1 degree relative to the main angle of the slope of the guides and begins at a distance from the stop plane, not exceeding the length of the container. 5. The storage system of piece goods, according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame guides are made with a horizontal section that starts from the beginning of the guide, and its length exceeds the distance between the axes of the front and rear rollers of the container.

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