RU2706586C1 - Method for protection of juvenile fish against ingress into water intake structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hydraulic engineering, namely to fish protective devices, which are installed as part of water intake structures. Method for protection of juvenile fish from ingress into water intake structure includes formation of fish-protective screen across waterway using air-bubble curtain, for which a fish-protective screen with a protective-filtering action is used, and before it during development of young fish from March to June, in the morning hours, an air-bubble curtain is formed by bubbling water masses with an ozone-air mixture injected under pressure of 1.5–2 atm and with concentration of ozone 0.0008–0.001 mg/l.

EFFECT: invention provides more effective protection of juvenile fish with simultaneous disinfection and ozone-saturation aqueous medium.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, namely to fish protection structures and devices that are installed as part of water intake structures to protect juvenile fish from getting into the water intake and its death.

A technical solution is known (RF patent No. 2488658, class EB02 8/08, 2012), which includes the creation of a pulsed current under the influence of which frightening of juvenile fish occurs.

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the detrimental effect of the electric field on juvenile fish. Under the influence of an electric field, juveniles feel pain reactions, mutation processes may develop, therefore electric fish protection devices are not recommended for using the protection of juvenile fish.

The closest to the achieved result and technical essence is a device for protecting juvenile fish from getting into the water intake structure, including a fish protection screen with a filter element installed across the watercourse, a compressed air source connected with perforated air ducts (RF patent No. 23232209, class ЕВВ 8 / 08, 2006).

A disadvantage of the known device is the low efficiency of fish protection due to the complexity of the fish protection design. In this design, to protect the young fish from getting into the water intake structure, the water flow taken from the reservoir is passed through a vertical shaft, limited along the perimeter from the reservoir by a waterproof wall. Compressed air is supplied at the bottom of the shaft, a torch of an air-bubble curtain is formed over the entire cross-sectional area of the shaft, and a stream is removed to divert the fish.

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the design complexity, the use of synthetic algae, which negatively affects the ecology of the aquatic environment and the lack of the possibility of disinfection for the prevention of fish diseases.

The technical result is to increase the efficiency of protection of juveniles and improve the ecological condition of the aquatic environment. The technical result is achieved in that in a device for protecting juvenile fish from getting into a water intake structure, including a fish screen with a filter element mounted across the water stream, a source of compressed air in communication with perforated ducts. According to the invention, perforated air ducts are installed in front of the fish shield, which is made in the form of removable filtering cartridges, while the perforated air ducts are located from each other at a distance that ensures the formation of chaotic movement of water masses over the entire cross section of the watercourse, the compressed air source is equipped with an ozone generator.

The novelty of the proposed technical solution is due to the fact that due to the design features, an air-bubble curtain is created by sparging water masses with an ozone-air mixture with an ozone concentration of 0.0008-0.001 mg / l. As a result, the ozone-air mixture not only saturates water with ozone for its disinfection, but also scares away young fish, which, in turn, does not get into the water intake due to the work of the fish shield with a protective-filtering effect.

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are aimed at achieving a technical result and have not been identified in the study of this and related fields of science and technology and, therefore, meet the criterion of "inventive step".

The inventive device is recommended for use in hydraulic engineering, to protect the young fish from getting into the water intake structure, which meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where in FIG. 1 shows a water intake structure, FIG. 2 is a section AA.

A device for protecting fish fry from getting into the water intake structure consists of a fish shield 1 installed across the watercourse, made in the form of removable filter cartridges 2, a compressed air source 3 with an ozone generator 4 in communication with perforated air ducts 5 located at a distance from each other, providing the formation of chaotic movement of water masses over the entire cross section of the watercourse.

A device for protecting juvenile fish from getting into the water intake works as follows.

To protect the young fish, use a fish shield 1 with a protective filter effect carried out by removable filter cartridges 2. The number of filter elements in one row and in one section is from 1 or more. The mesh size of the mesh web and its element is from 1 mm or more. The clearance between the louvre plates of the louvre element is 10 mm or more. Horizontal rows of mesh and louvre elements can alternate and be arranged in any order. The mesh size of the mesh elements and the gap between the louvre plates of the louvre element in different rows and sections may be different.

An air-bubble curtain is formed in front of the fish shield by bubbling water masses with an ozone-air mixture with an ozone concentration of 0.0008-0.001 mg / l. The use of ozone in such a concentration has a positive effect on juvenile fish and an effect on most microbes, viruses and fish parasites. It has been established that ozone at a concentration of 0.001 mg / L has a detrimental effect on the bacterial particles of the droplet phase (https://www.ekonow.ru/service/poleznve-stati/238-reshenie-problemy-bakterialnykh-boleznej-u-prudovykh-ryb. html).

The ozone-air mixture is created by the ozone generator 4 and is injected under a pressure of not more than 2 at. a source of compressed air 3, which is used as a compressor. It is under pressure not more than 2 at. there is an active movement of water masses necessary to scare away juvenile fish. The ozone-air mixture not only saturates water with ozone for its disinfection, but also scares away the young fish, which in turn does not get into the water intake structure due to the operation of filter cartridges. The inventive method is recommended to be used seasonally (spring, early summer), preferably in the morning. It is at these time intervals that the active development and movement of juvenile fish is observed. This invention provides an increase in the effectiveness of fish protection.

To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method for protecting juvenile fish, studies were conducted on the territory of water bodies located in the Seversky district of the Krasnodar Territory.

Between the beginning of April 2018 and the end of June 2018, the following were installed on the territory of two stocked ponds: a device for implementing the proposed method for protecting juvenile fish from falling into a water intake structure and a device for implementing the prototype method. During operation, it was found that due to the air-bubble curtain created by sparging water masses with an ozone-air mixture pumped under a pressure of 1.5-2 atm, a repelling effect was provided not only on young fish, but also on adults, carp and common carp. As for the implementation of the prototype method, the protection efficiency compared to the proposed proposal was 10% lower. It should be noted that most microbes, viruses and fish parasites are sensitive to ozone, and their resistance to it depends on the degree of turbidity of the disinfected water. In the course of the study, it was revealed that 0.0008-0.001 mg / l is quite enough for disinfecting water in order to prevent the disease of juvenile fish. (https://www.ekonow.ru/service/poleznve-stati/238-reshenie-problemy-bakterialnykh-boleznej-u-prudovykh-ryb.html).

Claims (1)

A method of protecting fish fry from getting into a water intake structure, including forming a fish shield across the watercourse using an air bubble curtain, characterized in that they use a fish shield with a filter-protecting effect and in front of it during the development of fish fry from March to June, in morning hours, form an air-bubble curtain by sparging water masses with an ozone-air mixture injected at a pressure of 1.5-2 atm and with an ozone concentration of 0.0008-0.001 mg / l.

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