RU2704649C1 - Hinged joint of equal angular speeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building, particularly, to hinges of equal angular velocities. Hinge of equal angular speeds comprises external part of hinge with inner ball paths and hinge inner part with external ball tracks. Also there is an annular ball separator, which is installed between the external part of the hinge and the internal part of the hinge and has along the circle of the window for balls, in which the torque transferring balls are held in the bisector plane. Torques are transmitted, which are located in pairs of paths from corresponding to each other external and internal ball tracks. External and internal ball paths in hinge have constant section.EFFECT: higher speed of synchronous rotation force transmission at angles between shafts to 50 degrees.5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of automotive and mechanical engineering, in particular to hinges of equal angular speeds, and can be used in machine drives for transmitting torques in conditions where the axes of the connected shafts are angularly displaced and intersect, and the angular speeds of the drive and driven shaft .

Known hinge with oncoming raceways for large bend angles (patent RU 2324084), allowing the transmission of torque with increased bend angles due to the use of axial raceways having an opening angle between the tangents to the base of the tracks, which creates a different length of the contact line of the ball depending from the location in the axial track, and reduces its load capacity.

Known hinge of equal angular velocities with a cooling ring (patent RU 2607011), in which the cooling ring is located on the outer surface of the outer hinge body in contact with at least part of the outer surface of the housing, which allows heat to be removed mainly only from parts of the ball tracks, located in the outer part of the housing, and the hinge is most heated from parts of the ball tracks located in the inner part of the hinge due to the relatively greater slip force and load inside the upper parts of the contact surface of the balls, as well as due to the smaller mass of the inner part of the hinge.

The Röpppp equal angular velocity hinge (patent RU 2422691) is widely known, having ball tracks expanding in the corresponding axial direction, which, if it is possible to rotate the hinge, generally reduces the contact surface (circumferential contact line) of the balls with ball tracks transmitting torque, therefore, the torque transmitted the hinge is much smaller than with constant-size ball tracks. Since this hinge is the most common, this hinge is taken as a prototype.

In all known technical solutions of hinges of equal angular velocities of Röpp, there is a limitation of the angle of transmission of synchronous rotation forces associated with the expansion of pairs of ball tracks, and a decrease in the contact area of contact of the balls along the length of the track reduces the load capacity of the hinge, in addition to the hinges there is no possibility of forced orientation of the axes of possible rotation balls, which increases the rolling resistance of the balls. In addition, there is a limitation of the possible rotation speed of the hinge due to the greater peripheral speed of the possible rotation-rolling of the balls along the axial tracks made in the parts of the hinge. The greatest heating of the hinge occurs in its internal part, due to the distribution of tangential forces (lever rule), through which heat energy is removed mainly only through a spline connection with the shaft.

The technical result of the claimed technical solution is to increase the transmission speed of the synchronous rotation force at angles between the shafts up to 50 degrees, and increase the hinge resource, as well as the ability to cool the inner and outer parts of the hinge, and simplify the design.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the hinge of equal angular velocities, containing the outer part of the hinge with internal ball tracks, the inner part of the hinge with external ball tracks, torque-transmitting balls that are located in pairs of tracks from the corresponding outer and inner ball tracks as well as an annular ball cage, which is seated between the outer part of the hinge and the inner part of the hinge and has circumferential windows for balls in which the e torque, the balls are held in the bisector plane, while the outer and inner ball tracks in the hinge have a constant cross section and are axially and perpendicular to each other and / or parallel, and the outer part of the hinge and the inner part of the hinge have a common center of possible rotation corresponding to at least least axial point of intersection of the shaft axes.

There are options in which:

- balls have the same and / or different size corresponding to the ball tracks;

- along the possible rolling of the balls on the external and / or internal tracks, longitudinal recesses are made, dividing the ball tracks into equal and / or unequal parts;

- on the outer part of the hinge made cooling fins;

- the inner part of the hinge has a cover configured to protect and cool the internal and external elements of the hinge, cooling fins are made on the cover.

The essence of the claimed group of inventions is disclosed in the drawings and in the following description.

In FIG. 1 shows a parallel hinge containing six ball tracks made parallel to each other, with symmetrical and asymmetric longitudinal recesses, the central ball tracks are axially, and have a larger radius than adjacent ones, and six balls of different diameters, with the possibility of movement - rolling along ball tracks, a separator with two round holes, and four elongated, cooling fins are made on the outside of the hinge.

In FIG. 2 shows a parallel hinge containing eight ball tracks, four of which are made axially and perpendicular to each other, and with larger radii than the other, and four other ball tracks are made parallel to each other, and parallel to one of the ball tracks made axially, and eight balls of the same diameter, a separator with two round holes and six elongated, and part of the cover of the outer part of the hinge with cooling fins.

In the figures indicated:

1 - the outer part of the hinge;

2 - inner ball tracks;

3 - the inner part of the hinge;

4 - external ball tracks;

5 - balls;

6 - ball cage;

7 - window ball separator;

8 - the common center of the hinge;

9 - axis of the shaft of the outer part of the hinge;

10 - axis of the shaft of the inner part of the hinge;

11 - recesses along the ball tracks;

12 - cooling fins of the outer part of the hinge 1;

13 - a cover of the inside of the hinge 3;

14 - cooling fins;

15 - sealing part of the cover, possibly with at least one o-ring;

16 - rounded windows in a ball cage.

The hinge of equal angular velocities contains the outer part 1 of the hinge with internal ball tracks 2, the inner part 3 of the hinge with external ball tracks 4, torque-transmitting balls 5, which are located in pairs of tracks from the corresponding outer and inner ball tracks 2, 4, and also an annular ball cage 6, which is seated between the outer part 1 of the hinge and the inner part 3 of the hinge and has circumferential windows 7 for balls, and which torque-transmitting balls 5 are held in bisector plane, and the outer and inner ball tracks 2, 4 in the hinge have a constant cross-section and are axially and perpendicular to each other and / or parallel, and the outer part 1 of the hinge and the inner part 3 of the hinge have a common center 8 of possible rotation corresponding to at least one the central point of intersection of the axes of the shafts 9, 10, and the balls 5 have the same and / or different sizes corresponding to the ball tracks 2, 4.

The centers of the balls 5 (depending on the accuracy of manufacture) are located in the bisector plane, as an option around the circumference, and their surfaces are symmetrical in the bisector plane, which allows the use of parallel ball tracks 2, 4 with a constant profile having the necessary gaps for the rotation of the balls 5, and the adjacent part of the ball tracks 2, 4 is located symmetrically to the bisector plane of the angle formed between the axes of the shafts of the outer and inner parts of the hinge 9, 10.

To increase the possible speed of rotation of the parallel hinge, it is desirable to use only parallel ball tracks, excluding axial, due to the shorter length of the ball tracks 2, 4, which reduces the angular velocity of the possible movement and rolling of the balls 5, compared with axial ball tracks, if you can change the angle between the axes of the shafts 9 and 10 (by analogy with the engine - reduce the piston stroke).

In FIG. 1 along the trajectory of the possible rolling of the balls on the external and / or internal tracks 2, 4, longitudinal recesses 11 are made, dividing into equal or / and unequal parts the ball tracks 2, 4, designed for movement and self-installation with the orientation of the axes of the possible rotation of the balls 5, so that the peripheral speed of the possible rotation of the surfaces of the balls 5 is maximally aligned with the possible rotation - rolling along the diagonal ball tracks 2, 4, the outer and inner parts of the parallel hinge. With the possibility of the reverse movement of the balls at the intersection of the ball tracks 2, 4, the axis of rotation of the ball and its direction of inertia change, therefore, to create a high-speed hinge, it is desirable to use hollow or / and light balls 5.

Ball separator 6 is designed to hold the balls 5 in the bisector plane, when the angle between the axes of the shafts of the outer and inner parts of the hinge 9 and 10 approaches 180 degrees, because in other cases the balls 5 can be kept in a "cage" consisting of ball tracks 2, 4. Rounded windows 16 for balls 5 are located in the separator 6 for alignment with the possibility of swinging relative to at least one ball 5 located in the axial ball tracks 2, 4. The separator 6 can also be kept due to contact with the surface any bead 5 in the presence of the contact surface of the separator 6 to the outer 1 or inner part 3 of the hinge.

In FIG. 1 shows cooling fins 12 made on the outer part 1 of the hinge, designed to enhance the external heat exchange of the outer part 1 of the hinge with the environment.

In FIG. 2 shows a hinge of equal angular velocities having eight balls 5 of the same diameter, four of which are located in axial ball tracks 2, 4 and perpendicular to each other, and four balls 5 are located in parallel ball tracks 2, 4 located parallel to one of the axial ball lanes 2, 4, and perpendicular to another axial ball track 2, 4. In FIG. 2, the parallelism and perpendicularity of the arrangement of the ball tracks 2, 4 is shown by lines located along the balls 5. In FIG. 2 shows a part of the lid of the inner part of the hinge 13 having cooling ribs 12, the lid has constant thermal contact with the inner part 3 of the hinge and has contact zones with the possibility of taking heat from the outer part 1 of the hinge through the sealing part of the lid 15, which covers the hinge from external mechanical damage . At least one sealing ring can be installed in the sealing part of the cover 15 (the drawing shows a semicircular recess near the edge of the cover 13). The cover 13 consists of interconnected parts, for installation in a hinge, with the possibility of heat removal from the inside of the hinge 3. In the case with the internal shaft shown in FIG. 1 ensuring thermal contact with part of the hinge 3 when installing the cover 13 is difficult. The cover 13 with cooling fins 14 limits the total angle of rotation of the hinge, which mainly depends on the ratio of the diameter of the shaft coming from the inside of the hinge 3 to the size of the parts of the hinge, in this case there is a sector with an angle of inclination from the center of the hinge 8 of less than 100 degrees, or reduces the diameter shaft located on the axis 10.

To compensate for possible loophole gaps caused by the wear of the hinge, or the accuracy of its manufacture, it is possible to install a spring-loaded stop (not shown in the drawing) between the outer part of the hinge 1 and the inner part 3.

Claims (5)

1. Hinge of equal angular velocities, containing the outer part of the hinge with internal ball tracks, the inner part of the hinge with external ball tracks, torque-transmitting balls that are located in pairs of tracks of the corresponding external and internal ball tracks, as well as an annular ball separator, which is seated between the outer part of the hinge and the inner part of the hinge and has circumferential windows for balls in which the torque-transmitting balls are held flat in the bisector in this case, the outer and inner ball tracks in the hinge have a constant section and are axially and perpendicular to each other and / or parallel, and the outer part of the hinge and the inner part of the hinge have a common center of possible rotation corresponding to at least the axial intersection point of the axes shafts. 2. The hinge of equal angular velocities according to claim 1, characterized in that the balls have the same and / or different size corresponding to the ball tracks. 3. The hinge of equal angular velocities according to claim 1, characterized in that along the possible rolling of the balls on the external and / or internal tracks, longitudinal recesses are made that divide the ball tracks into equal and / or unequal parts. 4. The hinge of equal angular velocities according to claim 1, characterized in that cooling fins are made on the outer part of the hinge. 5. The hinge of equal angular velocities according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner part of the hinge has a cover configured to protect and cool the internal and external elements of the hinge, cooling fins are made on the cover.

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