RU2703294C1 - System for detecting aerial and space objects using signals from geostationary earth satellites - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radar ranging and radio navigation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to radar, particularly, to land space radar systems. System for detecting aerial and space objects enables to detect such objects by ground-based detection stations using a "forward-scatter" principle of radar ranging, wherein target (object) is located on line or near line of transmitter-receiver, wherein transmitters of radar backlight signals are proposed to use geostationary relay satellites performing direct broadcast.

EFFECT: broader capabilities of detecting aerial and space objects.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of radar, in particular, to ground-space radar systems.

At present, it is becoming extremely urgent to detect small-sized air and space targets with a low effective reflecting surface area. From the existing level of technology there is a known method of radar detection, registered as a "System for detecting and measuring coordinates of targets" (RF certificate No. 25098 IPC G01S 13/06 04/12/2002, author Oleinikov LF), where there is: a pulse signal transmitter located on aboard a spacecraft moving in near-Earth or geostationary orbit, stationary or mobile receiving devices located on Earth and a common center for processing radio signals, which is connected by communication lines to receiving devices.

Another “Terrestrial-space radar system” is known (certificate of the Russian Federation No. 36147, IPC G01S 13/06 11/11/2003, authors Oleinikov LF, Bendersky GP, Lyakhov NA, Valshonok ZS) . This multi-position system contains a space-based transmitter, the operating modes of which are set from the ground control station and diversity receiving devices synchronized by the transmitter signals and connected to the central station for processing radar signals through a space communication line.

Both are spaced ground-space radar systems operating according to the traditional method of monostatic radar, in which the detection zone is probed by the transmitter signal, and the reception and processing of signals reflected from airborne objects takes place. But a significant drawback of such systems is the low level of the signal reflected from the target, which makes it difficult to detect small targets and targets with low EPR (made using the Stealth technology).

Closest to the claimed technical solution is the “Terrestrial-space radar complex” (RU 2324951 C2, IPC G01S 13/16 10.01.2006, publ. 05.20.2008, authors Blyakhman AB, Samarin A.V.) and adopted for prototype. It involves the use of a space-based transmitter for detecting air and space targets with an antenna device controlled from the Earth and several ground-based receiving devices. The detection of targets is made by registering the "translucent effect" on the line transmitting post - receiving post or near it. The disadvantages of this technical solution are the presence of a transmitting post on a spacecraft equipped with a control system from a ground post, which requires the withdrawal of at least one specialized Earth satellite with a controlled transmitting antenna into geostationary orbit, which incurs significant costs. Another disadvantage is the inability to provide sufficient energy characteristics of the emitted signal when covering a large area of the earth’s surface, i.e. the inability to provide solutions to the tasks with one satellite. Similar shortcomings arise when placing a receiving post on a spacecraft, and a transmitting one on Earth.

The technical result of the proposed system is the expansion of capabilities for detecting air and space objects, the absence of the need to manufacture and put into orbit specialized Earth satellites, the use of already available in a significant number of general purpose satellites-relays, located in geostationary orbit and relaying information from Earth to digital subscribers television.

The figure (Fig. 1) shows the principle of operation of the detection system.

Radio signals with a frequency or phase-shifted signal, or without modulation (harmonic), such as beacon signals, through a group of multipath receiving ground antennas configured on the Earth's surface so that their radiation patterns form a network of intersecting rays when they intersect whose air or space object changes the amplitude of the signal at the input of a low-noise amplifier - converter (LNA) and the corresponding channel of a multi-channel receiving device, which makes it possible to judge the fact of a span near the line connecting the satellite transmitter and the LNA of the channel that registered the change in the signal amplitude at its input, then, using a multi-channel analog-to-digital converter, the amplitudes of the received signals are converted into digital form for further processing on the central processor (CPU ) and display on the operator’s indicator information about the location of the airborne object at the moment of crossing the daylight. To obtain additional information about the parameters of the object’s movement (speed and direction), one more group of receiving antennas can be used, with radiation patterns creating in space a network with cells depending on specific tasks (tactical or operational link, air or space target, full or small). Specifically, for the depicted case (Fig. 1), this is cell A3, with previously known coordinates in space, which will be displayed on the operator’s indicator.

The figure (Fig. 2) shows a structural diagram of a detection system.

Unmodulated (harmonic) or modulated by phase-frequency modulation signals from direct television broadcasting satellites fall on antenna systems, which are structurally made in the form of parabolic or toroidal antennas with LNA installed on them. The number of LNAs combined into one antenna system can be different and depend on specific tasks. LNA shown conventionally combined into antenna systems No. 1, No. 2 and No. N (Fig. 2). In the LNA there is a preliminary amplification of the received signal and conversion "down" to the frequency of the internal local oscillator. Converted and amplitude-detected by a multi-channel receiving device, the signals from the corresponding LNAs are fed for further conversion to the input of an analog-to-digital converter, where they are sampled for analysis of the amplitude of each channel by a central processor (CPU). Information about the channels in which the amplitude of the satellite’s radio signal has changed due to scattering, reflection or absorption of radio waves by an object is output by the central processor to the information display device. The data input device allows the operator to control the central processor, providing the necessary operating modes of the detection system. The number of controlled zones of space is determined by the number of receiving LNAs aimed at geostationary satellites with different angular coordinates. For the eastern hemisphere, it is more than 100 geostationary satellites, so the number of monitored zones from two points of the ground space with the optical visibility of all 100 satellites from both points of reception will create 100 ² = 10000 elements of the controlled space. For three points of reception, this is 100 ³ = 1,000,000, etc.

The technical result provided by the above set of features is to create a system for detecting aerospace objects with the following properties:

- secretive due to the lack of generated radiation;

- nullifying the effectiveness of the enemy using "Stealth" - technologies;

- up to several thousand times increasing the efficiency of work on targets with low EPR in comparison with traditional (monostatic) radar, due to the use of the "translucent" effect;

- not requiring additional costs for the creation and launch into orbit of specialized Earth satellites;

- having a low level of energy consumption, since there is only a passive mode of operation.

Claims (1)

A system for detecting air and space objects using the "translucent" principle of radar, consisting of a satellite of satellite-based space and a multi-channel receiving device based on ground with antennas, characterized in that the receiving antennas use receiving antennas of parabolic or toroidal type with low-noise amplifiers converters ( LNA) in the foci of these antennas, the LNA outputs are connected to the inputs of a multi-channel receiving device (MPU), while the diagrams are directed These receiving antennas form a network of intersecting beams aimed at the corresponding geostationary direct television broadcasting satellites, at the intersection of which an air or space object changes the signal amplitude at the LNA input and the corresponding LNA channel, which makes it possible to establish the fact of the object’s passage near the line connecting the satellite transmitter and LNA the channel that registered the change in the amplitude of the signal at its input, the outputs of the MPU are connected to the corresponding inputs of the analog-to-digital pre a browser (ADC), the number of inputs of which is equal to the number of LNAs, the digital outputs of the ADC are connected to a central processor (CPU) controlled from the data input device, which processes the received data and issues information about the presence of objects in near-Earth space to the operator on the information display device, while as satellite-based satellite transmitters use the signals of geostationary satellites for direct television broadcasting to illuminate air and space objects.

Images