RU2702483C1 - Non-explosive method for separation of large-size granite blocks from an array - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining – to blast-free methods of separation of blocks from massif of high-strength rocks of natural stone and is intended for separation of large-size granite blocks from massif. Explosion-free method of separation of large-size granite blocks from an array includes drilling in a vertical back plane at a distance of width B of the unit and parallel to a frontal plane of a ledge of a line of boreholes with diameter d, arranged with a pitch A<(5–12)·d, and depth equal to unit height H, working boreholes selection from boreholes line for wedge devices accommodation in them, wherein arrangement of working boreholes from each other is determined proceeding from the area of initial crack formed from one wedge device hammered into working borehole, arrangement of wedge devices in boreholes, impact introduction of wedge devices into working boreholes with formation of main crack in vertical rear plane, separation of end blocks. Lines of boreholes with diameter d with the specified pitch A and depth are drilled and in vertical end planes perpendicular to frontal plane of ledge and formation crack. Distance between vertical end planes of end blocks is equal to length L of end block. Working boreholes are selected from the line of boreholes in vertical end planes for arrangement of wedge devices in them. Arrangement of these working boreholes from each other is determined proceeding from the area of the initial crack formed from one wedge device hammered into the working bore. Wing devices are used, in which annular ledge on wedge device working part is made in the form of truncated cone, said wedge devices are placed in these working boreholes and their impact introduction is performed, at that, the wedge devices are first introduced into vertical boreholes in order to form a main crack therein, and then impact insertion of wedge devices arranged in working boreholes of vertical end planes is performed, forming transverse cracks in vertical end planes for separation of end blocks.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of explosive-free production of large-size granite blocks by excluding labor-intensive operations of formation of vertical end slits by thermal cutting of stone, as in prototype, as well as by increasing the level of breaking forces acting on walls of working boreholes from wedge devices capable of separating high-strength granite blocks from the massif, while reducing power consumption.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The technical solution relates to mining, namely to explosive methods of separating blocks from an array of high-strength rocks of natural stone and is intended to separate large-sized granite blocks from the array.

There is a method of separating blocks from an array, in which a combination of thermal cutting of the end gap with the separation of the block using non-explosive expanding means (LDCs) is used [Karasev Yu.G., Bakka N.T. Natural stone, block and wall stone mining: textbook. allowance. - St. Petersburg, Horn. un-t, 1997, 206 p.]. The method involves the formation of three planes of exposure of the block, the marking of vertical slots parallel to the direction of development of transverse cracks, thermal cutting of the slit and drilling a line of holes in the horizontal and vertical planes that determine the direction of development of longitudinal vertical and formation cracks for filling in the working holes of the LDCs. After a few hours (usually 6-24 hours, depending on the ambient temperature), the monolith breaks off from the array from the static self-voltage of the LDCs.

A common feature of the analogue and the claimed technical solution is the following: drilling a line of holes in a vertical plane that defines the direction of development of a longitudinal vertical crack.

The disadvantage of this method is the low productivity of the separation unit due to the long curing time of the LDCs (6-24 h) and labor costs for the formation of the end slit by thermal cutting.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method of producing monolithic blocks with a combination of thermal cutting and wedge wedging [Karasev Yu.G., Bakka N.T. Natural stone, block and wall stone mining: textbook. allowance. - St. Petersburg, Horn. un-t, 1997, 206 pp.], which provides for the formation of three free planes, a formation crack, the formation by thermal cutting of one vertical end gap perpendicular to the frontal plane of the ledge, drilling in the second vertical plane of a line of holes with a diameter d placed with a pitch A <(5- 12) · d, and with a depth equal to the height H of the block, width B, placement in the working holes of the hydraulic devices that separate the monolith from the massif.

Common features of the prototype and the claimed technical solution are: drilling in the vertical back plane at a distance of width B of the block and parallel to the frontal plane of the ledge of the line of holes with a diameter d placed with a pitch A <(5-12) · d, and a depth equal to the height H of the block, the choice from the line of holes of the working holes for placing wedge devices in them, while the location of the working holes from each other is determined based on the area of the initial crack formed from one wedge device hammered into the working hole, placement in the slave spurs of wedge devices, impact introduction of wedge devices into working holes with the formation of a main crack in the vertical back plane, separation of end blocks.

The disadvantage of this method is significant labor costs for the formation of the end slit by thermal cutting. The decrease in the productivity of the work, the relatively small breaking forces created by the wedge devices when separating large-sized blocks from high-strength granite rocks - all this reduces the efficiency of the block extraction method as a whole.

The problem is to increase the efficiency of the method of producing large-sized granite blocks by increasing the productivity of non-explosive technology for their extraction by eliminating the laborious operations of forming vertical end slots by thermal cutting of stone, as in the prototype, as well as by increasing the level of tensile forces acting on the walls of working holes from wedge devices capable of striking granite blocks of high strength in shock mode, while reducing energy costs.

The problem is solved as follows. An non-explosive method is proposed for separating large-sized granite blocks from an array, including drilling in a vertical back plane at a block width B and parallel to the frontal plane of the ledge of a line of holes with a diameter d placed with a pitch A <(5-12) · d, and a depth equal to height H block, the choice from the line of holes of the working holes for placing wedge devices in them, while the location of the working holes from each other is determined based on the area of the initial crack formed from one wedge trinities, placement of wedge devices in working holes, impact introduction of wedge devices into working holes with the formation of a main crack in the vertical back plane, separation of end blocks. According to the technical solution, the lines of holes with a diameter of d with the indicated pitch A and depth are also drilled in vertical end planes perpendicular to the frontal plane of the ledge and the formation crack, while the distance between the vertical end planes of the end blocks is equal to the length L of the end block, then they are selected from the line of holes in vertical end planes working holes for placing wedge devices in them, while the location of these working holes from each other is determined based on the area of the initial crack, ar called from one wedge device hammered into the working hole, in this case wedge devices are used, in which the annular protrusion on its working part is made in the form of a truncated cone, the indicated wedge devices are placed in these working holes and their impact introduction is carried out, and the wedges are initially introduced into the impact devices placed in the working holes of the vertical back plane for the formation of a main crack in it, and then the impact introduction of wedge devices placed in the working their bores of the vertical end planes, forming transverse cracks in the vertical end planes to separate the final blocks.

The specified set of features allows you to increase the efficiency of the method of mining blocks by increasing the productivity of the blast-free technology of mining blocks of stone by eliminating the laborious operations of the formation of vertical end slots by thermal cutting of stone, as in the prototype, as well as by increasing the level of tensile forces by impact on the walls of the working holes from these wedge devices, which allows to separate granite blocks of high strength from the array.

The increase in productivity of the blast-block block mining technology is achieved by creating transverse cracks in the vertical end planes by breaking forces on the walls of the working holes by impact introduction of wedge devices located in the working holes of the vertical end planes.

The ability to separate granite blocks of high strength from the array is ensured by the impact introduction of wedge devices placed in working holes in the vertical back and vertical end planes, which creates large breaking forces on the walls of the working holes. The use of wedge devices provides the formation and development of the initial crack along the line of holes. The development of the initial crack and the formation of main and transverse cracks along the holes of the holes is achieved by performing in this device an annular protrusion in the form of a truncated cone on the working part of the wedge device and by providing this wedge device with a certain amount of separation of the edges of these cracks from the working holes. As practice has shown, wedge devices of a different design do not provide the formation of a main crack without going out to the frontal plane of the ledge, that is, the main crack will go away from the line of holes. In this case, the successive shock introduction of wedge devices placed in working holes, when the wedge devices placed in working holes of the vertical back plane are initially introduced to form a main crack in it, and then the wedge devices placed in working holes of vertical end planes are introduced to form in them transverse cracks, provides lower energy costs for the formation of these cracks.

It is advisable to choose the location of the vertical back plane from the frontal plane of the step within the width B = (40-50) · d of the block, the distance between the vertical end planes to choose within the length L = (60-70) · d of the final block, the location of the working holes in the vertical the rear plane - at a distance of 0.5 · L from the vertical end plane, and the location of the working holes in the vertical end planes - at a distance of 0.5 · B from the frontal plane of the ledge.

Such ratios of parameters, as shown by experiments, provide the size of the spalling area per one wedge device not less than the area of one block face formed when separated from the array in the vertical back or end planes, thereby eliminating labor costs for installing additional wedge devices and increasing the process productivity separation of blocks and end blocks and, as a result, increases efficiency.

We will consider the essence of the technical solution by the example of the technological scheme of layer separation of large-sized granite blocks from the massif - the detachable block from the massif (initial) has an end size equal to the size of the final block, while the width and height of the entry are equal to the width B and height H of the final block, and the length of the entry a multiple of its length L. An example implementation of the method is illustrated by diagrams, where: in FIG. 1 shows a pattern of drilling stitch holes in the vertical back and vertical end planes; figure 2 is a diagram of the location of the wedge devices in the vertical back plane and the formation of an initial crack in it when driven into the borehole of the central wedge device; figure 3 - the formation of the main crack in the vertical back plane with access to the free surface of the vertical end plane; figure 4 - the result of the separation of the final blocks from the array with the full driving of the wedge device into the working hole of the vertical end plane.

The proposed method is implemented as follows. In the array 1 (Fig. 1), in which a formation crack 2 of natural origin is present, drilling is carried out in the vertical back plane parallel to the frontal plane of the ledge of the array 1 of the line of holes 3 of diameter d, placed with a pitch A <(5-12) · d, and depth equal to the height H of the block, and in vertical end planes perpendicular to the frontal plane of the ledge and the formation crack, stitches of holes 4, 5 with a diameter d placed with a pitch A <(5-12) · d, and a depth equal to the height H of the block. The vertical back plane is placed at a distance of the width B = (40-50) · d of the block from the frontal plane of the ledge, the vertical end planes are from each other at a distance of length L = (60-70) · d of the final block. Select from the line of holes 3 working holes 6 (Fig. 1), located at a distance of 0.5 · L from the vertical end plane, for placement in them of wedge devices 7, 8, 9 (Fig. 2), while the location of the working holes 6 from each other in the vertical back plane is determined based on the area of the initial crack 10 formed from one clogged wedge device. Also, from the lines of holes 4, 5, working holes 6 (Fig. 1), located at a distance of 0.5 · V from the frontal plane of the ledge, are selected for placement of wedge devices 11 in them (Fig. 4), while the location of the working holes 6 is different from each other in the vertical end plane is also determined based on the area of the initial crack 10 formed from one wedge device driven into the hole 6. Further, wedge devices 7, 8, 9 are installed in the working holes 6 of the vertical back plane, in which the annular protrusion on its working part is made in the form of a truncated cone, and an impact load is applied to them simultaneously or sequentially (Fig. 2). The development of the initial crack 10 along the line of holes 3 is achieved by making an annular protrusion in the form of a truncated cone on the working part of these wedge devices 7, 8, 9 and providing these wedge devices 7, 8, 9 with a certain amount of extension of the sides of the initial crack 10 from working holes 6 For example, the wedge device 7 is first introduced into the working hole 6, while breaking forces are created on the walls of the working hole 6, and an initial crack 10 is created along the line of holes 3 (Fig. 2), after which an impact penetration occurs the friction of the wedge devices 8 and 9, as a result, form a main crack 12 in the vertical back plane with access to the free surface of the vertical end plane (Fig. 3). Then introduce the same as the wedge devices 7, 8, 9, the wedge device 11 (Fig. 4), located in the working hole 6 of the line of holes 4 (Fig. 1) of the vertical end plane, the formation of a transverse crack 13 (Fig. 4) along the line of holes 4 and the complete separation of the final block 14 (Fig. 4) from the array 1, then similarly the final blocks 15 and 16 are separated. Subsequently, after the final block 16 is separated, all operations are repeated at the next run.

Claims (2)

1. An non-explosive method for separating large-sized granite blocks from an array, including drilling in a vertical back plane at a distance of block width B and parallel to the frontal plane of the ledge of a line of holes with a diameter d placed with a pitch A <(5-12) · d, and a depth equal to height H block, the choice from the line of holes of the working holes for placing wedge devices in them, while the location of the working holes from each other is determined based on the area of the initial crack formed from one wedge device hammered into the working hole, ra displacement of wedge devices in working holes, impact introduction of wedge devices into working holes with the formation of a main crack in the vertical back plane, separation of the end blocks, characterized in that the lines of holes with a diameter of d with the specified pitch A and depth are drilled in vertical end planes perpendicular to the front the ledge plane and the formation crack, while the distance between the vertical end planes of the final blocks is equal to the length L of the final block, then choose from the line of holes in the vertical At the end faces of the planes, working holes for placing wedge devices in them, while the location of these working holes from each other is determined based on the area of the initial crack formed from one wedge device hammered into the working hole, using wedge devices in which an annular protrusion on the working the parts of the wedge device are made in the form of a truncated cone, the indicated wedge devices are placed in these working holes and their impact introduction is carried out, and the impact implant is initially produced wedge devices placed in the working holes of the vertical back plane for the formation of a main crack in it, and then the wedge devices placed in the working holes of the vertical end planes are impacted, forming transverse cracks in the vertical end planes to separate the end blocks. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the location of the vertical back plane from the frontal plane of the ledge is selected within the width B = (40-50) · d of the block, the distance between the vertical end planes is selected within the length L = (60-70 ) · D of the end block, the location of the working holes in the vertical back plane is chosen at a distance of 0.5 · L from the vertical end plane, and the location of the working holes in the vertical end planes is selected at a distance of 0.5 · B from the frontal plane of the ledge.

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