RU2702449C1 - Device for performing reciprocating movement of working member - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: instrument engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to precision instrumentation, to drives of micromanipulators and can be used for small controlled movement (and micro displacement, nano-movement) of working element, various objects, for example, holders, in development of micro- and nano-instruments, to create low-noise micromotors. Device for reciprocating the working member comprises a working member in the form of a piston with a rod to perform reciprocating movement by changing gas pressure in the working chamber, and pressure variation is carried out by passing electric current pulses in conductor arranged in working chamber, having a pipe-like branch. Device for reciprocating the working member comprises a housing, a working chamber filled with a gas, having a tube-like discharge, electric current conductor located in the working chamber with possibility of connection to the electric current pulses generator, in the branch pipe there is a working element in the form of a piston with the possibility of performing reciprocating movement, and generator is made with controlled amplitude and duration of electric current pulses. Short-term change of gas pressure caused by transmission of electric current pulses in a conductor with controlled amplitude and duration results in reciprocating movement of the working element – piston.

EFFECT: device for performing reciprocating movement of a working member is disclosed.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of precision instrumentation, to drives of micromanipulators and can be used for small adjustable movement (and micro-movement, nano-movement) of the working body, various objects, for example, holders, when developing micro- and nano-tools, to create low-noise micromotors.

A device for small rectilinear movements of the working bodies, containing a hydraulic motor with a piston connected to the working body and with an unregulated pump equipped with a safety valve through the flow regulator. An annular groove is made on the hydraulic piston, connected by channels in the rod to the pump through a throttling slot of the differential valve, the end cavities of which are connected, respectively, with the hydraulic cavity and with the annular groove on the hydraulic piston. The device provides small uniform movement of the working body with a speed of about 0.5 cm / min. (RU 2537334).

The disadvantages of this device are the impossibility of micromotion of the working body, the low accuracy of movement of the working body, the low speed of movement of the working body, the need to use a complex bulky system, including, including, a pump and a hydraulic motor to create variable pressure and implement movement of the working body, a narrow scope devices.

A device for accurate positioning (small movements of the working body - the piston) is known, which contains two communicating vessels of different sections, filled with an elastic medium (liquid) and closed by movable pistons, and a drive that creates a force on one of the pistons. At least one of the vessels is equipped with one means of changing its piston volume, made in the form of a small-diameter membrane placed inside its bellows or in the form of a membrane of small diameter placed in its wall or piston. In this device, the reciprocating movement of the working body, the movement of the working body - the piston - is realized due to a change in the pressure of the elastic medium with the help of a membrane, and an external source of variable controlled pressure is required (RU 2475354).

The disadvantages of this device are the lack of accuracy of small displacements during movement of the working body, the need to use an external source of variable controlled pressure that can provide reciprocating movement of the working body, a narrow scope of the method and device of small displacements of the working body.

A device for implementing the reciprocating movement of the working body, comprising a housing mounted in the housing with the possibility of reciprocating movement of the working body, in particular, a piston dividing the housing into two working chambers connected through a valve system to a source with a working fluid, and a node changes in the pressure of the working fluid, made in the form of pairs of stationary electrodes connected to a source of electrical energy through switches that are connected to the control unit, to the input of which about connected position sensors of the working body (Dudyshev V.D., Zavyalov S.Yu. Method for converting electro-hydraulic shock. RU 2157893 F01B 29/10, F03C 5/00, F04F 1/16, publ. 20.10.2000).

The disadvantage of this device is that as a result of electrical impulses with the formation of a gas-vapor mixture, thermal energy is accumulated in the system, the scattering of which is not provided by the device. As a result of heating the structure, this device may fail. The way to ensure cooling is to reduce the frequency of movement of the piston. In this case, useful mechanical work becomes significantly less, and device performance decreases. This device does not provide reliable protection against overheating. In addition, this device is characterized by the following disadvantages - increased noise during its operation, low accuracy of movement of the working body, including the inability to guarantee the accuracy of small movements of the working body, the narrow scope of the device.

A device for implementing the reciprocating movement of the working body, comprising a housing mounted in the housing with the possibility of reciprocating movement of the working body, in particular, a piston, a working chamber connected to a source with a working fluid, and a node for changing the pressure of the working fluid, made in in the form of stationary electrodes connected to a source of electrical energy through switches that are connected to the control unit, to the input of which the position sensors of the working body are connected, and inside three working chambers between pairs of electrodes installed heating elements. (RU 2230934).

The disadvantage of this device is that as a result of electrical impulses with the formation of a gas-vapor mixture, thermal energy is accumulated in the system, the dispersion of which is not provided by the device. As a result of heating the structure, this device may fail, this device does not provide reliable protection against overheating. In addition, this device is characterized by the following disadvantages - increased noise during its operation, low accuracy of movement of the working body, including the inability to guarantee the accuracy of small movements of the working body, the narrow scope of the device.

The closest in technical essence and adopted as a prototype technical solution is a device for reciprocating movement of the working body, comprising a housing, a working chamber filled with gas, made with a tap in the form of a tube, an electric current conductor located in the working chamber with the possibility of connection with an electric current pulse generator (RU 2616678).

The disadvantage of this device is the inefficient conversion of the energy of the source of the electric field into the energy of the reciprocating movement of the working body, due to the fact that this conversion occurs due to the movement of the elastic membrane, the amplitude of the possible oscillations of which is small.

In the proposed device for the implementation of the reciprocating movement of the working body, the gas pressure in the working chamber is changed due to the transmission of electric current pulses in the conductor located in the working chamber. The device is equipped with a movable element (working body) - a piston (on which the rod can be mounted). The increase in gas pressure, due to the flow of electric current in the conductor inside the working chamber, quickly drives the piston (and the rod mounted on it). The decrease in gas pressure due to the cessation of the action of an electric current pulse in the conductor inside the working chamber also quickly drives the piston.

The objective of the proposed invention is the implementation, including small movements of the working body, controlled by the reciprocating movement of the working body, improving the accuracy of movement of the working body, significantly reducing the noise level during operation, increasing the efficiency of using the device for the reciprocating movement of the working body scope of the device.

Technically, the problem is solved due to the fact that in a device containing a housing, a working chamber filled with gas, made with a tap in the form of a tube, an electric current conductor located in the working chamber with the possibility of connection with an electric current pulse generator, the working body is located in the tap in the form of a piston (made with the possibility of fixing the rod on it) with the possibility of reciprocating motion. The technical result of this technical solution is to increase the accuracy of movement of the working body, increase the efficiency of the reciprocating movement, expand the scope of the device, a significant reduction in noise.

The invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a device.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows a typical experimental dependence of the gas pressure P in the working chamber on time t (air was used in our experiments) for a nickel alloy conductor under the influence of a current pulse of duration τ = 5.7 sec and amplitude I = 0.5 A.

The device includes (Fig. 1) case 1; branch 2, piston 3 (with a rod); current conductor 4; source (generator) of electric current (pulse current) 5. The internal volume of the housing 1 and the outlet 2, communicating with the internal volume of the housing, form the working chamber of the device.

In the proposed device, the change in gas pressure in the working chamber, moving the piston, is due to the transmission of electric current pulses in a conductor located in the working chamber. The movement of the piston can be controlled by changing the amplitude of the electric current in the conductor inside the working chamber, causing a corresponding change in gas pressure.

When you quickly turn on a certain amount of electric current in the conductor, the graph of the dependence of the gas pressure in the working chamber of the device on time has two characteristic sections. In the initial section, the pressure increases sharply, there is a pressure jump. Then the pressure rises much more slowly. When the current is turned off (when the electric pulse ceases), the pressure drops sharply.

To implement the work of the proposed device, we have created a working layout. The device was a working chamber with a tap containing a Teflon piston with a diameter of about 8 mm. The side surface of the piston was coated with grease to reduce friction and prevent air from seeping into the working chamber. To implement the work of the proposed device in the working chamber of the device (formed by the internal cavity of the housing 1 - a sealed glass tube with a diameter of 8 mm - and the internal volume of the outlet 2) was placed a metal conductor 4 with the ability to connect to an electric current source 5. As wires from the current source, wires were used copper. Inside the working chamber, a nickel alloy wire with a diameter of 100 μm was used. An electric current pulse generator with an adjustable amplitude and duration of an electric current pulse was used as a source of electric current.

At the beginning of the experiment, atmospheric air pressure was established in the glass tube. Passing an electric current pulse through conductor 4 led to a change in gas pressure in the working chamber. When a current pulse is applied to the conductor, the pressure increases sharply and causes the piston to move forward. At the end of the pulse, a sharply decreasing pressure forces the piston to move in the opposite direction. When applying current pulses with an amplitude of 300 mA and a duration of 1.5 s, a piston weighing 2 g made a reciprocating motion with an amplitude of 9 mm. The movement of the piston can occur during the entire time the pressure changes, and only during the initial and final time with the most abrupt change in pressure. By changing, for example, shortening, the duration of the current pulse, you can achieve the maximum efficiency of the device.

The proposed device for the implementation of the reciprocating movement of the working body can be used to create an engine (micromotor). Piston movements can be converted into rotational movements of the engine shaft using known methods, for example, using a crank mechanism or a Scottish (with a triangular connecting rod) mechanism. In this case, the main parameters of such an engine are determined by the amplitude, duration and repetition rate of the generated electrical pulses. In other words, the use of electrical impulse parameters opens up wide possibilities for adjusting the power, shaft speed, torque of such an engine, and, as a result, its efficiency.

The device can be used to create low-noise engines, including piston micro- and nanomotors, with convenient, simple and effective control.

Literature

1. RF patent No. 2537334 B23Q 5/06. Device for small rectilinear movements of hydroficated working bodies / Bundur M.S., Peresadko Yu.V., Scherbak A.P. Published 01/10/2015. Bull. No. 1.

2. RF patent No. 2475354 B25J 7/00, F01B 25/02, H02N 2/02. Device for precise positioning / Aganin V.A., Itsekson E.L., Khaikin R.Z. et al. Published on February 20, 2013. Bull. No. 5.

3. RF patent No. 2157893 F01B 29/10, F03C 5/00, F04F 1/16. The method of conversion of electro-hydraulic shock / Dudyshev V.D., Zavyalov S.Yu. Published on 10/20/2000.

4. RF patent No. 2230934, F04B 9/00, 2004. A device for reciprocating movement of a working body / Prangishvili IV, Pashchenko F.F., Krukovsky L.E., Busygin B.P. Published 06/20/2004.

5. RF patent No. 2616678, F15B 15/02. The method of small movements of the working body of the membrane-type device and a device for its implementation / Kunitsyn V.E., Usmanov N.N., Saletsky A.M., Zimin A.I. Published on April 10, 2017. Prototype.

Claims (1)

A device for implementing the reciprocating movement of the working body, comprising a housing, a working chamber filled with gas, made with a tap in the form of a tube, an electric current conductor located in the working chamber with the possibility of connection with an electric current pulse generator, characterized in that the tap is located the working body in the form of a piston with the possibility of reciprocating motion, and the generator is made with adjustable amplitude and duration of electric current pulses.

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