RU2700811C1 - Heat-pipe nesting formation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to power engineering and can be used for transportation of heat energy via heat pipes. Heat-tube nesting formation includes n heat pipes inserted into each other, each of which consists of a cylindrical housing, plugged from one end wall and closed from another end of peripheral ring, inner surface of housing of each heat pipe is coated with a layer of a wick partially filled with working fluid, coated, in turn, with cylindrical shell diameter smaller than outer diameter of peripheral ring by value 2Δ₁ with creation at ends of annular gaps width Δ₂ each, forming evaporation, transport and condensation sections, wherein end walls of all heat pipes are located at a distance Δ₃ from each other, somewhat larger than Δ₂, each heat pipe has same length, diameter of outer walls is less than diameter of shell of previous warm pipe by value 2Δ₁, note here that last heat pipe is closed by blind end wall instead of peripheral ring while open end face of cylindrical case of first heat pipe is equipped with hinged cover closing it in folded state.

EFFECT: increase of heat energy transfer distance, increase of heat transfer efficiency.

1 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to power engineering and can be used for transporting thermal energy through heat pipes.

A heat pipe of a spacecraft is known, comprising a housing having evaporation, transport and condensation sections, the wick of the heat pipe being made in the form of longitudinal grooves on the inner surface of the hull, and the dose of coolant tucked into the inner cavity of the hull is selected from a condition that takes into account possible annual coolant leaks from the internal cavity of the housing and the error of refueling. In addition, this condition takes into account the maximum and minimum values of the doses of the coolant at a temperature difference between the areas of evaporation and condensation of the TT, not exceeding the minimum allowable. [RF patent No. 2353881, IPC F28D 15/04, B64G 1/50, 2009].

The main disadvantages of the known heat pipe of the spacecraft include the small distance of the transfer of thermal energy from the source to the consumer, limited by the length of the pipe, the execution of the transport section in the form of longitudinal grooves on the inner surface of the pipe and direct contact of steam with condensate in the grooves, which reduces the effectiveness of the known device.

Closer to the proposed invention is a heat pipe containing a sealed housing heated in the evaporation zone and cooled in the condensation zone, inside which a capillary structure is installed at the inner wall of the housing, at least part of which is filled with a working fluid in the initial state [RF Patent No. 2208209 IPC F28D 15/04, 2003].

The main disadvantages of the known heat pipe include the small distance of the transfer of thermal energy from the source to the consumer, limited by the length of the pipe and direct contact of the steam with the wick along the entire length of the transport section, which reduces the efficiency of the known device.

The problem solved by the invention is to increase the efficiency of heatpipe dolls.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the heat pipe matryoshka includes n heat pipes inserted into each other, each of which consists of a cylindrical body, muffled from one end by a wall and covered with a peripheral ring from the other end, the inner surface of the body of each heat pipe is covered with a wick layer partially filled with hydraulic fluid, coated in turn, a cylindrical sidewall with a diameter less than the outer diameter of the peripheral ring by an amount 2Δ ₁ with the establishment at the annular end faces width Δ ₂ clearances each forming vaporisation, transport and condensing portions, wherein the end walls of the heat pipes that serves distance Δ ₃ from each other somewhat greater than Δ _2, each heat pipe having the same length, the diameter of the outer walls is less than the diameter of the sleeve of the previous warm tube by an amount 2Δ _1, the latter instead of the heat pipe peripheral ring closed hollow endwall and the open end of the cylindrical body of the first heat pipe is provided with a hinged lid covering it with a dix condition.

The basis of the proposed heat pipe matryoshka is a high efficiency of heat transfer in heat pipes, due to the high values of the heat transfer coefficient in the processes of evaporation and condensation [A.N. Planovsky, P.I. Nikolaev. Processes and devices of chemical and petrochemical technology. - M.: Chemistry, 1987, p. 146], which are divided into three sections: the evaporation zone (heat supply), the adiabatic zone (heat transfer) and the condensation zone (heat removal), coated internally with a wick and partially filled with a working heat transfer fluid, which is used as water, alcohols, freons, liquid metals, etc. Moreover, depending on the design, the heat pipe during heat transfer allows you to increase or decrease the density of the transmitted heat flux [V.V. Kharitonov et al. Secondary heat and energy resources and environmental protection. - Minsk: Ab. School, 1988, p. 106].

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a heatpipe matryoshka (TTM), FIG. (2-7) - the main nodes and the TTM section, in FIG. 8, 9 - deployed (operational state) of the ТТМ when operating in two modes: 1) increased heat flux density; 2) reduced heat flux density.

The heatpipe matryoshka (TTM) includes n heat pipes inserted into each other, the outer (first) heat pipe consists of a cylindrical body 1 ₁ , muffled from one end by a wall 2 ₁ and covered with a peripheral ring 3 ₁ from the other end, the inner surface of the body 1 ₁ is covered with a layer of wick 4 ₁ , partially filled with working fluid, covered, in turn, with a cylindrical shell 5 ₁ , a diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the peripheral ring 3 ₁ , by 2Δ ₁ with the creation of ring gaps 6 ₁ , 7 ₁ wide at the ends Δ ₂ each, o brauza evaporation 8 ₁ , transport 9 ₁ and condensation 10 ₁ sections of the first heat pipe, inside the cylindrical shell 5 ₁ at a distance Δ ₃ from the end walls 2 _{i the} next heat pipes TTM arranged similarly to the first stage are placed slightly larger than Δ ₂ , of equal length but smaller in diameter, the diameter of the outer walls 2 _{i of} which is smaller than the diameter of the shell 5 _i by 2Δ ₁ , and the nth (last) heat pipe instead of the peripheral ring 3 _{i is} closed by a blind end wall 11, and the open end of the cylindrical body 1 ₁ first warm The TTM pipe is equipped with a hinged lid 12 that closes it in an inoperative (folded) state.

TTM works as follows. Previously, before starting work, from the cavities n of the TTM heat pipes (n is the number of heat pipes depends on the type of heat fluid, the required heat flux density and the distance over which heat must be transferred), air is removed and the working fluid is pumped, which is selected depending on the temperature the potential of cold and hot media and the distance over which heat must be transferred (nozzles for removing air and supplying working fluid are not shown in Figs. 1–9) in an amount sufficient to fill the pore volume of wicks 4 _i . When transferring high-density heat flux (FIG. 8) body ₁ January TTM adjusted in the direction of transmission the required heat flux density so that the end wall _{1 February} contact with the hot environment (the heat source), and the end wall 10 of n-th heat pipe in contact with a cold medium (consumer), after which the cover 12 is folded.

As a result of heating the surface of the wall 2 ₁ , on its opposite surface, evaporation of the working fluid coming from the wick 4 ₁ and vapor is collected in the cavity between it and the wall 2 ₂ , the temperature and pressure of which increase to the values of t ₁ and P ₁ , after which as a result of the impact of the pressure and temperature on the wall surface 2 _2, which is simultaneously heated, 2nd heat pipe begins to move like a piston in a cylinder which forms a cylindrical shroud May _1, ring 3 to the peripheral edge of which ₁ to the nip tsya wall edges ₂ February. At the end of the movement of the 2nd heat pipe on the surface of the wall 2 ₂ , the working fluid evaporates from the wick 4 ₂ and vapor is collected in the cavity between it and the wall 2 ₃ , the temperature of which rises to t ₁ and the pressure rises to P ₂ , after which, as a result of the influence of these temperature and pressure on the surface of the wall 2 ₃ , which is simultaneously heated, the 3rd heat pipe begins to move, in which processes similar to those described above occur. The last, nth heat pipe, when moving to the end, unlike previous heat pipes, the outer surface of the wall 2 _{n is} in direct contact with a cold medium (heat consumer), transferring heat to it with increased heat flux density (excess heat flux density can be approximately estimated, area ratio 2 _{1/2 n} ). Moreover, as a result of mechanical and heat losses during evaporation and transportation of the working fluid, compression and transportation of steam and its condensation, the final temperature and vapor pressure t _n and P _n in the last nth heat pipe are less than in the first (temperature and pressure in heat pipes depend on the temperature of the heat source, consumer needs, the nature of the working fluid and are determined by calculation and experimental means).

When transmitting the reduced heat flux (FIG. 9) housing ₁ January TTM adjusted in the direction of transmission the required heat flux density so that the end wall January ₂ in contact with the cold medium (sink), and the end wall 10 of n-th heat pipe in contact with hot medium (heat source), after which the cover 12 is folded.

As a result of heating the surface of the wall 11 on its opposite surface, evaporation of the working fluid coming from the wick 4 _n and in the cavity of the nth heat pipe collects steam, the temperature of which rises to t _n , and the pressure rises to the value of P _n , after which as a result of the influence of this pressure and temperature on the surface of the wall 2 _n , which is simultaneously heated, the (n-1) -th heat pipe begins to move like a piston in the cylinder, which forms a cylindrical shell 5 _(n-2) , abutting the edge of the peripheral ring 3 _(n-1) to the edge of the wall 2 ₂ . At the end of the movement of the (n-1) -th heat pipe on the surface of the wall 2 _n-2 , the working fluid vaporizes from the wick 4 ₂ and steam collects in the cavity between it and the wall 2 _n-3 , the temperature and pressure of which increase further processes occur similarly to the above, as a result of which in the first heat pipe the temperature and vapor pressure increase to t ₁ . The last, in this case, the first heat pipe when moving to the end, unlike previous heat pipes, the outer surface of the wall 2 _{1 is} in direct contact with a cold medium (heat consumer), transferring heat of reduced heat flux density to it (lowering the heat flux density can be approximately estimate by the ratio of the areas 2 _n / 2 ₁ ).

Moreover, as a result of mechanical and heat losses during evaporation and transportation of the working fluid, compression and transportation of steam and its condensation, the final temperature and vapor pressure t ₁ and P ₁ in the last (first) heat pipe are less than in the nth heat pipe (the temperatures and pressures in the heat pipes depend on the temperature of the heat source, the needs of the consumer, the working fluid and are determined by calculation and experimental means). Depending on the parameters of the heat source and the required heat characteristics for the consumer, different working fluids can be used in the heat pipes of the ТТМ.

Thus, the proposed heat pipe matryoshka provides reliable and efficient movement of thermal energy over a distance significantly exceeding the length of one heat pipe with a simultaneous change in the density of the heat flux.

Claims (1)

A heatpipe matryoshka including a heat pipe, the inner surface of which is covered with a layer of a wick partially filled with working fluid, forming evaporation, transport and condensation sections, characterized in that n heat pipes are inserted into each other, each heat pipe consists of a cylindrical body plugged with one end of the wall and covered with a peripheral ring from the other end, the wick layer is covered by a cylindrical shell with a diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the peripheral ring by at 2Δ ₁ with the creation of ring gaps at the ends of the wick with a width of Δ ₂ each, and the end walls of all heat pipes are placed at a distance Δ ₃ from each other, slightly larger than Δ ₂ , each heat pipe has the same length, the diameter of the outer walls is smaller than the shell diameter the previous warm pipe by 2Δ ₁ , the last heat pipe instead of the peripheral ring is closed with a blank end wall, and the open end of the cylindrical body of the first heat pipe is equipped with a hinged lid that covers it when folded.

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