RU2698812C1 - Hydrodynamic plant for post-treatment of tap drinking water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ecology.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ecology and can be used for disinfection and purification of tap water in residential and/or public buildings, the contamination factor of which by chemical and bacteriological oxygen demand LV = (COD + BOD) exceeds the standards for drinking water established by Gossanepidnadzor. Hydrodynamic installation (HDI) of post-treatment of tap water of a residential and/or public building comprises in-series installed working pump 6 and disintegrator 9. Before disintegrator 9 there is confuser 8 made at the narrowing angle β= (20±5)° with length L = (0.1–0.15) m and outlet cross-section diameter d = (0.02–0.04) m with possibility of increasing water flow rate to W≥10 m/s. Working pump 6 is made with capacity Q = (20–60) m/ hour and outlet pressure P = (20±5) kg/cm. Disintegrator 9 has diameter of flow section d = (0.02–0.04) m, length L = (4–6) m and is connected through metering device 34 and constant pressure reducer 33 to source of compressed atmospheric air 31.EFFECT: invention enables to obtain environmentally safe clean and decontaminated drinking water from contaminated tap water.11 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ecology and is intended for the treatment (disinfection and purification) of industrial tap water in residential and / or public buildings, the contamination index of which in terms of chemical and bacteriological oxygen demand (PZ = COD + BOD) exceeds the standards for drinking water established by the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance. Tap water is poorly cleaned at intake water treatment plants (UPU), contaminated during transportation through pipelines from the UPU to residential and / or public buildings, and it is hazardous to use as drinking water.

Known hydrodynamic installation (GDU, patent RU No. 2611500) for disinfection and purification with pure gaseous oxygen of slightly contaminated wastewater (PZ ≤1.5 g / l) discharged from treatment plants into natural and artificial reservoirs in which wastewater is treated with hydrodynamics without the use of chemicals, UV radiation, microfiltration. This GDU contains a sequentially mounted working pump with an outlet pressure of P = 10 kg / cm ² , a confuser, a cylindrical chamber (cavitation device) with a blowing system from an external source (from a cylinder with a pressure of up to 150 atm) of pure gaseous oxygen.

The well-known GDU when cleaning and disinfecting at the UPU the entire volume of tap water to the standards of Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of drinking water does not ensure its quality at the entrance to residential and public buildings, because the water during multi-kilometer transportation from the UPU to the buildings consuming it is contaminated by microorganisms and materials of collapsing water pipes.

Water pipes from UPU to residential and public buildings are disinfected by dissolving chlorine in tap water in excess of its pollution index (PZ) in the source, which in buildings along with drinking water enters the human body and causes numerous diseases.

When boiling (cooking) chlorinated tap water, dioxins are formed (ecotoxicants with mutagenic, immunosuppressive, carcinogenic, teratogenic, embryotoxic effects), which are poorly broken down, accumulate in the human body, cause various diseases, lead to infertility.

In chlorinated water, chlorine dioxide is also formed, which oxidizes iron and manganese (destroys water pipes), so tap water is always contaminated with iron.

Chlorine-containing substances also form phenols, which give an unpleasant odor to drinking water.

The kitchen units used to filter part of the tap water taken for drinking only large particles are trapped, are inefficient, expensive and inconvenient to operate, require frequent filter changes, do not remove dissolved substances, dioxins, chlorine, and do not disinfect water.

All the technologies and installations used do not provide the required quality of the tap water treatment supplied to residential and public buildings in order to use it as drinking water, therefore Rospotrebnadzor underestimates the water supply and fines water pipe owners who illegally include fines in the cost of tap water to the population. Regional administrations transfer these fines to their budget and use for their own needs (the population also pays for the supply of contaminated water to residential and public buildings, and fines for its poor cleaning (?!), Although, according to Article 7.23 of the Code of Administrative Offenses, it is not required to pay polluted water).

Known GDUs with pure oxygen are not used at IPN, because it is not economically feasible due to the high energy costs of unnecessary disinfection and purification of all tap water to drinking water standards (tap water supplied to residential and public buildings is mainly used for technical purposes that do not require its purification to drinking water standards).

The efficiency of GDU cleaning depends on the temperature of the water - a lower temperature slows down the chemical reactions of the oxidation of pollutants and requires an increase in the time of their contact with oxygen in the disintegrator (transition of electrons from atoms of some substances to atoms of others, Glinka NL General chemistry, 1965), therefore colder water requires a longer disintegrator, more oxygen, higher pressure of the treated water behind the working pump.

To use atmospheric air as an LHG (oxygen content ~ 21%), it is necessary to use high-pressure pumps at the outlet Р = (40 ± 5) kg / cm ² in order to provide volumetric gas content of the treated contaminated tap drinking water stream δ = 0.11- 0.4 (to prevent its "shell" flow in the cylindrical chamber of the disintegrator). This pressure is necessary for compressing the microbubbles of atmospheric air to R≤100 μm in order to provide a cavitation-free monodisperse gas-liquid microbubble flow in the disintegrator with a contact time of contaminated water and gaseous oxygen in it of at least τ = 0.1-0.2 s.

The proposed GDU disinfection and purification of tap water contaminated with PZ≤1.0 g / l, atmospheric air eliminates the disadvantages of the published prototype and analogues and differs from them by the following systems and assemblies specified in independent claim 1 of the claims:

- a source of compressed air for blowing into the disintegrator (instead of pure oxygen);

- a working pump with a flow rate of Q = (20-60) m ³ / h and an outlet pressure of P = (20 ± 5) kg / cm ² , pumping the daily amount of drinking water consumed by the building through a disintegrator;

- a confuser with a length L = (0.1-0.15) m and a diameter d = (0.02-0.04), providing an increase in the water flow rate to W≥10 m / s, which is installed in front of the disintegrator;

- a disintegrator, which has a length L = (4-6) m and a diameter d = (0.02-0.04) m and is connected through a metering device and a constant pressure reducer to a source of compressed atmospheric air with the possibility of accelerating and increasing the cleaning effect hydrodynamic processes by converting a liquid water stream into a gas-liquid micro-bubble stream by supplying atmospheric air into it, and also with the ability to provide the following key flow parameters: static water pressure at the inlet of the disintegrator P = (20 ± 5) kg / cm ² ; the oxygen concentration in the water stream in the atmospheric air inlet section C _k = (1 ± 0.1) g / l, the average flow velocity along the length of the disintegrator W _cp = (12-25) m / s, the average volumetric gas content of water δ _sr = 0 19-0.2; with a duration of contact of water and vapor-gas bubbles τ = (0.2-0.4) s; the average radius of gas bubbles in a gas-liquid monodisperse stream R = (30-70) microns; Reynolds criterion R _e = 1.7 × 10 ⁵ -7.2 × 10 ⁶ ; Weber's criterion W _e = 2.4 × 10 ⁴ -1.9 × 10 ^b .

If necessary, the proposed GDU can be additionally equipped (special cases indicated in the dependent clauses 2-1 of the formula and arising according to the requirements in the Customer's requirements):

- a system for the selection of part of the polluted tap water supplied to the building in an amount of at least a daily amount of drinking water consumed by the building, ensuring the absence of cavitation of the GDU working pump at the required flow rate and water pressure at the inlet to the working pump;

- a dehlorator tank that removes chlorine from the selected amount of tap water, dissolved in it on the IPN to disinfect the water pipes from the IPN to the building, and remaining unused, which is mounted in front of the working pump (depending on the amount of chlorine dissolved in the tap water, according to the statement of work) Customer);

- a boiler for indirect heating of contaminated water taken from the water supply system in a “dehlorator tank” to facilitate its purification in the disintegrator (depending on the temperature of the building of the gas distribution unit and from the water supply PZ — according to the customer’s requirements specification);

- a degassing tank that removes gases and insoluble particles resulting from its purification in the disintegrator with atmospheric air from the disinfected and purified daily amount of drinking tap water and cools it to Т = (10-15) ° С;

- a storage tank for the daily amount of drinking water mounted in the upper industrial floor of the building (to simplify and reduce the cost of the drinking water supply system to consumers);

- an indirect cooling boiler for drinking water purified in a disintegrator for cooling it in a degasser tank before being supplied to consumers in the building;

- a system for supplying the processed daily amount of drinking water from a degassing tank (storage tank) to consumers in the building through separate pipelines with separate measuring and control units (parallel to the technical tap water supply system).

- non-oxidizable material of the units of the supply system to consumers in the building from the GDU drinking water (stainless steel and / or plastic).

GDU is mounted in the building along with the supply line from it to consumers only drinking water (parallel to the supply line of tap water).

The proposed GDU meets the requirements of clause 3.2.4.3 of the "Rules ..." of an application for an invention.

In FIG. 1 and FIG. Figure 2 presents the scheme of the proposed GDU for producing environmentally friendly drinking water from polluted with chlorine and dissolved harmful substances tap water in residential and / or public buildings, in which a dehlorator tank and a degasser tank are mounted on the ground floor of the building (in the extension to it, or in its basement), and the storage tank of manufactured drinking water on the upper (industrial) floor of the building, where:

1. The pipeline for supplying cold water from the building’s water supply to the GDU.

2. A controlled solenoid valve connecting the GDU to the cold water supply to the building.

3. Capacity-dechlorinator of selected cold tap water for processing it into drinking water.

4. Boiler for indirect heating of dechlorinated tap water in a dechlorator tank.

5.1. Hot water supply pipe (heating or hot water) to the indirect heating boiler.

5.2. The pipeline for draining hot water from indirect heating and cooling boilers.

6. The working pump.

7. The flow meter.

8. The confuser.

9. Disintegrator.

10. Mechanical shutter (for adjusting hydraulic control systems during hydraulic spills).

11. Capacity-degasser treated in a disintegrator of drinking water.

12. Boiler for indirect cooling of drinking water in a degassing tank.

13. The pipeline for supplying cold water to the boiler indirect cooling of the tank-degasser.

14. The conical bottom of the tank-degasser (cone trap of insoluble particles).

15. A controllable solenoid valve for connecting a degasser to a building’s wastewater system.

16. The sewage system of a residential and / or public building.

17. A pump for supplying (pumping) drinking water from a degasser tank to consumers.

18. The counter of consumption of drinking water (at each individual consumer in the building).

19. Manual tap for drinking water supply (for each individual consumer in the building).

20. The backpressure valve on the loopback of drinking water from an exit to an entrance to the pump of supply of drinking water

21. The source of electricity.

22. Pressure sensor of heated tap water at the inlet to the disintegrator.

23-26. Pressure gauges for visual control of water pressure during the adjustment and operation of the hydraulic control unit.

27-28. Sensors-alarms max and min level of drinking water in the tank-degasser.

29. Pipeline for supplying drinking water to the pumping pump.

30. Timer for opening and closing of the solenoid drain valve from the tank-degasser.

31. Compressed air source (compressor).

32. Operated solenoid valve for supplying compressed air to the disintegrator.

33. Pressure regulator for compressed air supply to the disintegrator.

34. Washer-dispenser for the flow of compressed air into the disintegrator.

35. Frequency converter of electric current supply of the working pump.

36. Thermometer for heating cold tap (technical) water in a dehlorator tank.

37. Sensor-alarm max level of drinking water in the tank-dehlorator.

38. The control system of the operation of the units GDU.

39. A controlled solenoid valve communicates with the atmosphere of the dechlorator tank.

40. A controlled solenoid valve communication with the atmosphere of the tank-degasser.

41. A controlled solenoid valve on the pipeline for supplying tap water to the working pump.

42. A controlled solenoid valve for supplying atmospheric air to the bubbler collector of the dehlorator tank.

43. Air collector sparging atmospheric air at the bottom of the tank-dehlorator.

44. Storage tank for drinking water on the industrial floor of the building.

45. A controlled solenoid valve on the refueling pipeline of a drinking water storage tank.

46. Non-return valve for discharging gas from a storage tank when refueling with drinking water.

47. The backpressure valve of atmospheric air into the storage tank during the selection of drinking water by consumers.

48. The conical bottom of the storage tank (cone trap of insoluble particles).

49. A controlled solenoid valve connecting the storage tank to the wastewater system.

50. Sensor-alarm device max level of drinking water in the storage tank.

51. Sensor-signaling device min of the level of drinking water in the storage tank.

52. Pressure reducer of atmospheric air supplied for dechlorination of tap water.

53. Exhaust electric fan on a tank-dehlorator.

54. A controlled solenoid valve on the pipeline for supplying hot water to the heating boiler.

55. A controlled solenoid valve on the cold water supply pipe to the cooling boiler.

56. Operated solenoid valve for supplying compressed air to the dechlorator tank.

57. Operated solenoid valve for supplying compressed air to a degasser tank.

To process part of the tap water (to obtain drinking water from it), the GDU is installed at the entrance to a residential and / or public building so that the entrance to its working pump 6 is connected by a pipe 1 to a cold water supply pipe to the building through a controlled electrovalve 2 and a tank -dechlorator 3, placed in a flow-through boiler 4 of indirect heating to a temperature of T = + (25-75) ° С, which are intended for the selection and preparation of contaminated tap water in an amount of not less than the daily consumption of drinking water.

The degassing tank 11 is placed in a flow-through boiler 12 for indirect cooling of water to a temperature of T = + (10-15) ° C and has a conical bottom (cone-trap 14) with an opening connected through a solenoid valve 15 controlled by a timer 30 and control system 38 to the system drainage of wastewater 16 from the building, which is designed for cyclical (daily) sludge obtained in the disintegrator of drinking water and removal of insoluble particles from it together with water in the volume of the trap cone 14.

Before heating, the selected tap water is dechlorinated in a cylindrical dehlorator tank 3 connected to the atmosphere by twisting along its wall during filling and about 12 hours exposure to atmospheric pressure. To improve dechlorination into water in a dechlorator tank 3, atmospheric air (bubbling) is supplied from a collector 43 mounted at its bottom through small holes

The exposure time is specified experimentally (depending on the amount of chlorine dissolved in tap water and the amount of water in the dechlorator tank 3). To improve and accelerate dechlorination, an exhaust fan 53 can be mounted in the upper part of the degasser vessel 3, which creates a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure in the gas cushion of the dehydrator 3 vessel.

After dechlorination, tap water is heated and kept at a temperature of ~ 12 hours in a dechlorator vessel 3, which is substantially desalted (they reduce the hardness of drinking water by depositing scale on the walls of containers and pipelines), which improves the quality of drinking water.

The performance and characteristics of the GDU units are determined by calculations according to the GDU operating conditions specified by the Customer in the terms of reference (TOR) (expected daily consumption of drinking water, pollution and temperature of cold tap (technical) water supplied to the building, temperature of the hot water supplied to the building used for heating water in the dechlorator tank 3, the number of consumers and their level in height relative to the GDU).

The amount of drinking water consumed per day is determined by the number of consumers in the building and by medical standards (1-1.5 liters per day per person in winter, 3-3.5 liters per day in summer), and correct it during the operation of the GDU. For example, for a 100 apartment building with an average of three tenants registered in each apartment, no more than V≤ (1.0-3.5) m ^{3 of} drinking cold water is required per day, while this building requires V ~ ( 100-350) m ³ tap (not drinking, technical) cold water. The volumes of the dehlorator tank 3 and the degasser tank 11 must be at least a daily consumption of drinking water (3.5 m ³ ), or be multiples of it, i.e. be equal to 2, 3, etc. its daily supply.

The dechlorator vessel 3 and the degasser vessel 11 can be connected via controlled electrovalves 56 and 57 to a source of compressed atmospheric air 31 for boosting them, if the applied types of pumps 6 and 17 require this.

The heating temperature of the tap water in the dechlorator tank 3 by the boiler 4 (after its dechlorination) is determined and assigned by the type and amount of salts and substances dissolved in it, and is determined experimentally during the adjustment of the GDU to the specific tap water. The frequency of chemical and / or mechanical cleaning of the inner walls of the dechlorator vessel 3 and the degasser vessel 11 from deposits (scale), the need for the use of devices that prevent the formation of scale, are determined and assigned in each case in relation to existing conditions and water.

Heating boiler 4 can be made in the form of an autonomous electric boiler with heating elements connected to an electric power source 21 (if hot water is not supplied to the building and / or the building is equipped with electric heating, as well as in the summertime, which does not require heating) through the control system 38. The electric boiler 4 can be combined with a dechlorator 3.

The boiler 4 for indirect heating of cold tap water in the dechlorator tank 3, the units and pipelines of the GDU between the dechlorator tank 3 and the degasser tank 11 can be insulated from the surrounding atmosphere (thermal insulation is not indicated in Fig. 1).

In the case of heating tap water in the dechlorator tank 3 with an electric boiler 4 with electric heating elements, the boiler 4 can be connected to the cooling boiler 12 of the treated drinking water to save energy. In this case, the heated (during cooling of the drinking water) tap cooling water of the degassing tank 11 from the cooling boiler 12 is discharged to the electric heating boiler 4 of the dechlorator 3 via pipeline 5.2 and then heated to the required temperature by electric heaters in the electric boiler 4.

Units of the proposed GDU are made of non-oxidizing material (stainless steel and / or plastic). GDU is mounted in the water supply system directly in front of each residential and / or public building, connected to consumers by pipelines separate from the general water supply, and is equipped with:

- a unit for dechlorination and heating to T = + (20-75) ° С of tap water, supplying it to a working pump 6, consisting of a sequentially installed controlled solenoid valve 2 in the pipeline 1 for taking water from the building’s water supply pipe in the GDU, dehlorator tank 3 with a sensor -a water level switch 37, a thermometer 36, an air collector 43 with holes with a diameter of d = (0.1-1.0) mm, connected through a controlled solenoid valve 42 and a pressure reducer 52 to a source of compressed atmospheric air 31. At the same time, a dechlorator tank 3 mounted in a flow-through boiler 4 indirectly heating, connected by a pipeline 5.1 to the building heating system and / or to the hot water supply system through the controlled electro-valve 54. The unit is controlled by system 38 by opening and closing the electro-valves 2, 39, 41, 42, 54, turning on / off the working pump 6 and supplying atmospheric air from source 31, at the command of water level sensors 27 and 28 in the degassing tank 11 when filling and emptying it (for cyclic supply of the next portion of tap water processed in the disintegrator 9), supply of compressed atm atmospheric air into the bubbler collector 43 while holding cold tap water in the dechlorator vessel 3 to remove dissolved chlorine from it, - difference from prototype;

- a unit for adjusting the pressure and flow rate of water from the dehlorator tank 3 to the disintegrator 9 during hydropowering of the hydraulics control unit, controlling the characteristics of the hydraulics units during its operation, consisting of sequentially mounted flowmeter 7, a pressure sensor 22, an AC frequency converter 35 from source 21 for the working pump electric motor 6, valves 10. The unit controls the speed of the working pump 6, i.e. flow rate and pressure of heated water at the inlet of the disintegrator 9 - the difference from the prototype;

- a unit for adjusting the pressure and flow rate of atmospheric air supply to the beginning of the disintegrator 9, consisting of a sequentially mounted air source 31 (cylinder and / or compressor), a manual valve 32, a pressure reducer 33, a metering washer 34. The unit controls the inlet air flow and pressure in the disintegrator 9 - the difference from the prototype;

- a unit for processing atmospheric air heated to a temperature T = + (20-75) ° C of water coming from a dehlorator tank 3, consisting of a working pump 6 with a frequency converter for electric current supply, a confuser 7, a disintegrator 9, and a compressed air supply unit disintegrator 9 - difference from the prototype;

- a unit for degassing and cooling drinking water to a temperature of T = + (10-15) ° C, consisting of a degassing tank 11 with signaling sensors 27 and 28 shah and min drinking water level in it, a flowing boiler 12 for indirect cooling of drinking water in a degasser tank 11 connected by a pipe 13 through a controlled solenoid valve 55 to a pipe 1 for supplying cold tap water to the building to cool the resulting drinking water and discharging it into the building’s used hot water return system (to the return pipe), or to the cold water supply system piped water into the building, through the pipeline 5.2. - difference from the prototype;

- a unit for removing sludge from drinking water from the degassing tank 11 into the wastewater system 16 of the building, consisting of a conical bottom 14 (with a cone forming angle α = (45 ± 25) ° of the degassing tank 11, a timer 30 and an electric valve 15 controlled by the control system 38 - difference from the prototype;

- a unit for delivering drinking water from a degasser tank to 11 consumers in the building, consisting of a pump for supplying 17 drinking water to consumers with a check valve 20 on the water loop pipe from the outlet to the pump inlet 17 with closed manual taps 19 for drinking water to consumers, pipeline 29, individual consumption counters 18 of drinking water, manual taps 19. The inlet end of the pipeline 29 is mounted at a distance of (0.1-0.3) m in height from the beginning of the conical bottom 14 to ensure the supply of drinking water without capturing the sludge of drinking water in it - difference from the prototype;

- the control unit 38 of the electrovalves 2, 15, 32, 39, 40, 41, 42, 54, 55, pumps 6 and 17, the fan 53 according to the signals from the sensors 22, 27, 28, 36, 37, timer 30 - the difference from the prototype .

The supply of heating hot water to the boiler 4 and cooling cold tap water to the boiler 12 is carried out by a duct from, respectively, the building's hot and cold process water supply systems, which are then used for their intended purpose (the boilers are used in series for the intended use of cold and hot water for their intended purpose, therefore do not require additional costs).

The proposed GDU for the purification of part of the tap water of a residential and / or public building can be designed and manufactured both for the building as a whole and separately for each of its porches (with a large number of porches in a high-rise building), as well as for a detached private house (cottage ) or for several private houses (cottages). The proposed GDU is mounted in the basements of user buildings, or in special extensions to them (for example, at the location of the booster system for supplying tap water and heating tall buildings).

The layout and design of the GDU, the characteristics and dimensions of its units, the flow rate and pressure of compressed atmospheric air supplied to the disintegrator 9, the hydrodynamic parameters of the gas-liquid flow along the length of the disintegrator 9, are calculated using an integrated system of physical and mathematical dependencies developed on the basis of the results of scientific and technical studies of the authors , check and adjust during hydrodrilling GDU for specific operating conditions and specific water.

The angle and height of the conical bottom 14 is selected depending on the diameter and volume of the tank-degasser 11 and the contamination of cold cold water selected for the manufacture of drinking water.

The dechlorator tank 3 and the degasser tank 11 have the same volume that is a multiple of the daily consumption of drinking water by the building consumers.

The water treatment line between the tank-dehlorator 3 and the tank-degasser 11 should be mounted with an inclination at an angle β = (5-15) ° to the horizontal towards the tank-dehlorator 3 to prevent the flow of untreated industrial tap water into the tank-degasser 11 drinking water after turning off the working pump 6.

The hydrodynamic treatment of contaminated tap water supplied to a residential and / or public building as drinking water is performed as follows.

After manufacturing the GDU, it is subjected to hydro-spilling (initially without blowing air into the disintegrator 9, then with blowing) on unheated water from a source (water supply), which manually, using a mechanical valve 10, adjusts the frequency converter 35 of the electric current of the working pump engine 6 according to visual to the readings of the flow meter 7 and the pressure gauge 24, for the revolutions of its rotor, providing the required flow rate and water pressure through the disintegrator 9, make up and put into the converter 35 a control program for the revolutions of the working pump 6, I provide according to the signals of the sensor 22, automatic maintenance of the configured mode of its operation by pressure and flow rate at the output.

Before the start of the GDU operation (its industrial use), the electrovalve 2 is opened, and the dehlorator tank 3 is filled with cold (technical) water through the pipe 1 from the building’s water line until a signal is received from the sensor-detector 37 in the dehlorator 3 (the electrovalve 39 is open, the solenoid 41 is closed). After filling the dechlorator vessel 3 with cold tap water, the electrovalve 2 is closed and chlorinated water is kept until dissolved chlorine is removed into the atmosphere through an open electrovalve 39 (~ 12 hours).

To accelerate the dechlorination of tap water, in the pipeline connecting the upper part of the dechlorator tank 3 to the atmosphere, behind the controlled electrovalve 39, an exhaust fan 53 is mounted, designed to create a reduced pressure in the gas cushion of the dechlorator 3.

After dehloration of water, the boiler 4 is connected to the heating system of the building (or to the hot water supply system to the building), the hot water located in the dehlorator tank 3 is heated with tap water to the temperature of the available hot water T = + (20-75) ° С ( control by a thermometer 36), after which the electrovalves 2 and 41 are opened, heated tap water is squeezed out of the dehlorator tank 3 into the working pump 6, at the same time, through the control system 38, a voltage is supplied from the source 21 to the electric motor of the working pump 6 and to the electric valves 32 and 40, the heated tap water is passed with the required speed, pressure, flow rate through the disintegrator 9, at the same time (into the disintegrator 9) through the constant pressure reducer 33 and the metering washer 34, compressed atmospheric air from the source 31 is disinfected, the heated tap water is disinfected and cleaned water from existing contaminants, and it is poured into a degassing tank 11, in which the gases present in the water are separated and vented to the atmosphere through an open electrovalve 40 (degassing the water). At the same time, it is fed into the cooling boiler 12, through the controlled electrovalve 55 through the pipe 13. cold tap water and it is cooled with drinking water in the degassing tank 11 to the temperature of tap water T = + (10-15) ° С, after which it is pumped to the building consumers 17 through consumption meters 18 and hand cranes 19 installed at each individual consumer.

The pressure of compressed atmospheric air from the source 31 at the inlet to the disintegrator 9 should be ΔР≥ (3-5) kg / cm ² more than the pressure in the disintegrator 9, which provides a pressure reducer 33.

In the disintegrator 9, by blowing atmospheric air from a source 31 through an electrovalve 32, a constant pressure reducer 33, a washer-dosing device 34, a single-phase liquid flow of contaminated tap water is converted into a turbulent two-phase gas-liquid flow with gas bubbles with a radius R _cf ≤ (30-70) μm, increase flow rate and produce rapid (during time τ = (0.2-0.4) seconds) disinfection and purification of water (mechanical destruction of microorganism cells and oxidation of dissolved substances in it with their conversion to carbon dioxide and / or solid particles).

The above conditions in the disintegrator 9 create a gas-liquid flow (similar with developed cavitation of the pump) with concomitant vapor-gas microbubbles R _cp ≤70 μm, with shock waves, with local pressure and temperature surges at the collapse point of the vapor-gas microbubbles, with their resonant fragmentation and connection, with high multidirectional gradient microflows around microbubbles. The combined effect of these hydrodynamic processes mechanically destroys the cells of microorganisms in heated water and significantly increases the rate of chemical reactions (oxidation) between oxygen and impurities present in the treated contaminated water.

The control system 38 turns on or off the pump 17 at the signal of the signaling sensors 27-28. The operation of the pump 17 can be visually monitored by a pressure gauge 26. With the manual taps 18 closed for consumers of drinking water, the pump 17 pumps the drinking water through itself and the check valve 20.

After pumping the heated tap water from the dechlorator tank 3 to the degasser tank 11 through the disintegrator 9, the working pump 6 is turned off (by a signal from the detector 27). During the consumers' use of drinking water from the degasser tank 11, the dechlorator tank 3 is automatically refilled with a new portion of cold tap water, maintained in it until the chlorine dissolved in the water is removed and removed into the atmosphere, and then it is heated by the boiler 4 to the temperature T = (20- 75) ° C with hot water from the building systems, supplied by a duct through the pipeline 5.1 through a controlled solenoid valve 54 (the daily cycle of preparation and processing of contaminated tap water into environmentally friendly drinking water is repeated).

Consumers at home use drinking water from the degasser tank 11 through individual hand taps 19, the consumption of which is fixed by individual meters 18, while drinking water in the degasser tank 11 is cooled with water in a flow boiler 12 overnight, which is supplied from the cold water supply to building, and dumped into the outlet piping 5.2 hot (heating) water from the building (or other convenient systems for its further use). When pumping water from the dehlorator tank 3 to the degasser tank 11, the drain solenoid 15 is closed a few seconds after opening the solenoid 2 and supplying power to the working pump 6 to drain the first portions of tap water not treated in the disintegrator 9 into the wastewater system 16 .

On command from the sensor-detector 28 (after emptying the tank-degasser 11, or according to the timer 30), the control system 38 opens the solenoid valves 15 and 40, the remaining drinking water and sediment of suspended insoluble particles from the conical bottom 14 merge into the sewage system for the required time water 16 of the building. At this time (short time at night), drinking water is supplied to consumers only from the pipelines of the building (by gravity, due to a column of water).

After the sludge is drained from the conical bottom 14, at a signal from the timer 30, the electric power source 21 through the control system 38 supplies power to the electrovalve 2 and to the working pump 6, a cycle for transferring heated tap water from the dehlorator tank 3 (through the working pump 6 and the disintegrator 9 ) in the tank-degasser 11 is automatically repeated.

The pumping mode (operation of the GDU) is provided by the program embedded in the control system 38, by signals from water level sensors 27, 28, 37 in tanks 3 and 11, a pressure sensor 22 in front of the disintegrator 9, a thermometer 36 in the tank-dehlorator 3, a timer thirty.

In the event that water is not generated from the degasser 11 during the day (there is no signal from the detector-detector 28), the water is transferred from the dechlorator 3 to the degasser 11 by the command of the timer 30, which is programmed to start night time (when there is no drinking water), and the sludge from the conical bottom 14 is drained twice a day: the first time at the beginning of the night, when there is not enough drinking water left in the degassing tank 11 and when its consumption is practically absent (before pumping a new portion of drinking water dy), and the second time at the end of the night, after pumping a new portion of drinking water into the degasser 11 and several hours of cooling and settling (to precipitate and remove undissolved suspended particles from the new portion of drinking water).

The pipeline 29 for taking water from the degassing tank 11 to the drinking water supply pump 17 to consumers in the building is mounted 0.1-0.3 m lower than the signal indicator min water level 28 in the degassing tank 11, 0.1-03 m higher conical bottom 14, and is intended for the selection of water in the pump 17 supply without capturing the sludge of water from its conical bottom 14.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows a variant of the GDU, in which the unit for delivering drinking water from the degassing tank 11 to consumers is made through a storage tank 44 of drinking water mounted on the upper technical floor of the building (or each entrance in the building) connected to the supply pump 17 through a controlled solenoid valve 45.

In this embodiment, the feed pump 17 does not work continuously, but cyclically, only to fill the storage tank 45 in each building (building entrance) by signals from level sensors 50 and 51 to the control system 38, and drinking water comes to consumers from the storage tank 44 under the action of gravity (by gravity) from top to bottom, through the same consumption meters 18 and manual shut-off valves 19 for each consumer (in each apartment).

This option can significantly reduce the operational energy consumption and wear of the pump supply 17 drinking water to consumers (compared with the first option where it works around the clock, like a pump for pumping tap water in high-rise buildings). This option eliminates the operating costs for the pump 17, which are significantly more than the one-time costs for the manufacture and installation of the storage tank 44 and its strapping elements.

The storage tank 44 in the building (at the entrance of the building) is equipped in the upper part with two check valves 46 and 47 for bleeding atmospheric air when it is filled with drinking water from the supply pump 17, and suctioning of atmospheric air when drinking water is consumed by consumers through open manual taps 19, its bottom 48 is made conical with an angle of generatrix α = (45 ± 25) ° to remove the daily sludge from the water into the sewage system 16 of the building through a controlled solenoid valve 49.

For prophylactic disinfection of the GDU design (from controlled electrovalve 2 to hand cranes 19), it can be flushed for a short time (for example, monthly for several minutes with discharge to the sewage system 16 of the building) with chlorinated tap water (without turning pump 6 and disintegrator 9 into operation, within a predetermined short time, with a message to consumers.

Proposed technologies and GDU:

- provide consumers of residential and / or public buildings with environmentally safe drinking water, increase their life expectancy by 10-15 years, save money on unnecessary treatment of all piped (technical) cold water to the standards of the Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision on drinking water use, since it (cold water) is 99% used by consumers for technical household needs that do not require a high degree of disinfection and cleaning (shower, bath, toilet, wash basin, dishwashing, washing machine, etc.);

- they do not require consumers to carry out maintenance operations, which are cheaper than kitchen units for filtering only large insoluble particles from the general house water supply (from industrial water, for use as drinking water), significantly improve its degree of disinfection and cleaning, and provide the requirements of Rospotrebnadzor norms;

- can be used to obtain environmentally friendly bottled water for places that do not have a water supply, and for long-distance sailing ships.

Only an insignificant part of the wealthy citizens of the Russian Federation and foreign countries use well-known expensive and inefficient kitchen units to filter part of the contaminated tap (technical) water for use as drinking water, and have to call the masters quarterly to replace expensive disposable ineffective filters in them, which does not provide environmental safety of the use of tap water as drinking.

Hydrodynamic technologies and water treatment facilities proposed by us in the application and in the prototype:

- received during the creation and development in 1961-1988 of a rocket engine for the 8K82K (Proton) and the Energia (Buran) launch vehicles in the KBHA of Voronezh;

- not demanded to date due to the lack of spent implementing the GDU;

- improve the environment by disinfecting and treating wastewater with atmospheric air (instead of chlorine) before discharging it into natural water bodies;

- allow the use of wastewater in agriculture for watering plants;

- allow the use of wastewater for heating buildings in the housing and communal services, for cooling of thermal power plants and nuclear power plants;

- reduce the incidence of the population due to dechlorination and post-treatment of part of the polluted tap water with atmospheric air before it is supplied to the consumer as drinking water (in housing and communal services and in food manufacturing enterprises);

- provide ecologically safe bottled drinking water to settlements in which there is no water supply, long-distance ships;

- provide the army (and the population through the Ministry of Emergency Situations) with disinfected and purified drinking water in the places of its infection by the enemy with toxic substances and pathogens.

Environmentally friendly wastewater and drinking water are the foundation of wildlife. Their locations and numbers determine the living environment of living things on planet Earth.

Entrepreneurs of Belarus, Germany, the Saudi Arab Republic, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Cyprus, and the People’s Republic of China are interested in the proposed GDUs and are waiting for experimental confirmation of their effectiveness and licenses for their production.

Due to the lack of finances and advanced age, we do not have the opportunity to independently manufacture, work out, open the production of the proposed GDU, and participate in their operation.

When selling licenses, technologies, GDU to other states, it is necessary to take into account political interstate relations, which only the state has the right to do.

We intend to issue permits (licenses, Article 522 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) for the use of our inventions to the state of the Russian Federation (under the Agreements for the right to use our intellectual property in terms of its joint patenting in other countries, the joint production of the GDU in Voronezh and their operation in the Voronezh Region, joint selling them abroad, their joint modernization), therefore, we ask FIPS to provide the assistance provided for by the laws of the Russian Federation (for example, through the Government of the Russian Federation) in the state implementation of the proposed GDU in the Russian Federation and abroad.

Please inform: Your possible assistance; what we need to do to get them started; what tax exemptions and how we are entitled to receive under the laws of the Russian Federation and how to do it, because to accelerate the implementation will have to combine the development of our GDU with their operation.

The sale of licenses for the production of GDUs and GDUs made in Voronezh according to our patents can make a significant contribution to improving Russia, to increasing its political influence in the international community (especially during the period of American sanctions), and to increasing state national income.

An experimental GDU (EGDU) with a capacity of 50 m ³ / h for wastewater treatment in the Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan is manufactured by us in Voronezh for investment by entrepreneurs of Belarus. Tests EGDU according to patent RU No. 2611500, according to application No. 2018102407, according to this application, are scheduled for the summer of 2018.

Claims (11)

1. Hydrodynamic installation (GDU) for the purification of tap water of a residential and / or public building, containing a sequentially installed working pump and a disintegrator, characterized in that a confuser is installed in front of the disintegrator, made at a narrowing angle β = (20 ± 5) ° with a length L = (0.1-0.15) m and the diameter of the outlet cross section d = (0.02-0.04) m with the possibility of increasing the flow rate of water to W≥10 m / s; the working pump is made with a capacity of Q = (20-60) m ³ / h and an outlet pressure P = (20 ± 5) kg / cm ² ; the disintegrator is made having a bore diameter d = (0.02-0.04) m, a length L = (4-6) m and is connected through a metering device and a constant pressure reducer to a source of compressed atmospheric air with the possibility of accelerating and increasing the cleaning effect of hydrodynamic processes by converting a liquid water stream into a gas-liquid micro-bubble stream by supplying atmospheric air into it, and also with the ability to provide the following key flow parameters: static water pressure at the inlet of the disintegrator P = (20 ± 5 ) kg / cm ² ; the oxygen concentration in the water stream in the atmospheric air inlet section C _k = (1 ± 0.1) g / l, the average flow velocity along the length of the disintegrator W _cp = (12-25) m / s, the average volumetric gas content of water δ _sr = 0 19-0.2; the duration of contact of water and vapor-gas bubbles τ = (0.2-0.4) s; the average radius of gas bubbles in a gas-liquid monodisperse stream R = (30-70) microns; Reynolds criterion R _e = 1.7 × 10 ⁵ -7.2 × 10 ⁶ ; Bebera criterion W _e = 2.4 × 10 ⁴ -1.9 × 10 ⁶ . 2. The hydrodynamic installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a degasser tank with a volume of at least a daily consumption of drinking water (m ³ ) by consumers of the building or with a volume that is a multiple of the daily consumption of drinking water (m ³ ) by consumers of a building equipped with a pump of drinking water supply to consumers and potentiometers max and min of the level of drinking water in it, connected via a control system to the on / off switch of the power supply of the working pump and to the solenoid valve for supplying water from the water supply to the working pump, in the passage to the hydrodynamic installation is connected by a pipeline through a controlled solenoid valve to the water supply at the entrance to the building, the selection of drinking water from the degassing tank to consumers is performed below the sensor-signaling device min water level in it by 0.1-0.3 m; the degasser tank is connected to consumers by pipelines parallel to the general water supply through separate individual manual taps; the bottom of the degasser vessel is made in the form of a cone mounted with its top down and forming at an angle α = (45 ± 25) ° to the vertical axis of the degasser vessel with the possibility of capturing insoluble particles deposited from water; a hole was made at the top of the conical bottom, connected through a timer-controlled electrovalve to the sewage discharge pipe from the building and made with the possibility of discharging drinking water in portions several times a day in a volume not less than the volume of the conical bottom with insoluble particles collected in it. 3. The hydrodynamic installation according to claim 2, characterized in that a dechlorator tank with a volume of at least a daily consumption of drinking water by consumers of the building, or a multiple thereof, is installed in front of the working pump, the upper part of which is communicated through a controlled solenoid valve with the atmosphere, designed to withstand it tap water for the time necessary for the release and removal into the atmosphere of chlorine dissolved in tap water, and the bottom with the building’s water supply, while the water supply pipe is connected to the bottom of it dechlorator bones tangential to its vertical wall. 4. The hydrodynamic installation according to claim 3, characterized in that an air collector with holes with a diameter of d = (0.1-1.0) mm, connected through a controlled electrovalve to a source of compressed atmospheric air and designed to accelerate, is mounted on the bottom of the dehlorator tank dechlorination of the selected part of the tap water before it is fed to the disintegrator. 5. The hydrodynamic installation according to claim 3, characterized in that in the pipeline connecting the upper part of the dehlorator tank to the atmosphere, an exhaust fan is installed through a controlled on-off switch designed to create a reduced pressure in the gas cushion of the dehlorator tank. 6. The hydrodynamic installation according to claim 3, characterized in that the dechlorator tank is mounted in an indirect flow boiler connected to the building heating system and / or to the hot water supply system in the building and / or made in the form of an electric water heater with the possibility of heating tap water to a temperature of T = + (20-75) ° C and desalination of tap water in the disintegrator. 7. The hydrodynamic installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the degassing tank is mounted in a flow-through boiler of indirect cooling, the entrance to which is connected to the water supply of the building, and the outlet to the system for removing heating or waste water from the building, designed to cool heated in the tank dehlorator and drinking water treated in a disintegrator. 8. The hydrodynamic installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the pipeline for taking water from the degasser tank to the drinking water supply pump to consumers in the building is mounted 0.1-03 m above the conical bottom and is configured to take water into the feed pump without trapping water sludge from its conical bottom, while the drinking water discharge pipe from the supply pump to consumers is connected or looped to its inlet by a pipe through a non-return valve adjusted to the opening pressure equal to the pressure behind the supply pump with closed manual taps in t pipelines of individual supply of drinking water to consumers. 9. The hydrodynamic installation according to claim 3, characterized in that the units and pipelines between the dehlorator tank and the degasser tank are insulated from the surrounding atmosphere and mounted with an inclination at an angle β = (5-15) ° to the horizontal towards the dehlorator tank with the ability to prevent runoff of untreated contaminated tap water into the degasser tank after the working pump is turned off. 10. The hydrodynamic installation according to claim 2, characterized in that a drinking water storage tank having a volume of at least a daily consumption of drinking water by the building consumers and / or building entrance, or a multiple thereof, is mounted on the industrial floor of the building and / or each entrance of the building, the entrance to which is connected by a pipeline through a controlled valve to a pump for supplying drinking water to it from a degasser tank, the outlet from which is connected through a drinking water meter and a manual tap to each drinking water consumer in the building and / or in each the entrance of the building, while the bottom of the storage tank is made in the form of a cone mounted with the top down with a generatrix at an angle α = (45 ± 25) ° to the vertical axis of the storage tank and a hole in the top connected through a drain solenoid controlled by a timer and / or system controls configured for the required time of its opening-closing, with a waste water removal system from the building, and designed to remove insoluble particles settled to the bottom in a mixture with water in the volume of the conical bottom. 11. The hydrodynamic installation according to claim 2, characterized in that all the units and pipelines before and after the working pump used for selection, treatment of part of the water taken from the water supply, supplying it to the consumer as drinking water, are made of non-oxidizing material, for example, stainless steel and / or plastics.

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