RU2698275C1 - Method for space biological research - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to space biology. Method includes launching into space and subsequent return to Earth of biological object, in the capacity of which fertilized daphnia eggs are used. Under ground conditions, these eggs are placed on ice with temperature of about 0 °C and water with same temperature. After that, eggs together with ice and water are transferred into a thermostat, where life-supporting gas medium with temperature of about 0 °C. Then thermostat is sent into space, and upon returning to Earth, daphnia eggs are placed in an aquarium, the water temperature in which the duration of daylight illumination is gradually increased to simulate the onset of spring.

EFFECT: studying the possibility of delivering, in particular, to Mars a reproduced biological object used as fodder for young fish and young protopters.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of space biological experiments and can be used to perform space biological research carried out with the launch into space and the subsequent return to Earth of biological objects.

The prior art method for performing space biological research, carried out with the launch into space and the subsequent return to Earth of a biological object, using a male and a female protopter as a biological object, which formed cocoons in the ground and went into a stupor / RU 265S928 C1; B64G 99/00; 08/11/2017; 06/07/2018 /.

The technical result of this well-known solution is to study the possibility of delivery, in particular to Mars, of live breathing fish capable of reproduction.

The disadvantage of this known technical solution is the lack of development of the organization of the food chain for protopters in Martian stations. In particular, the question of how to feed the fry and juveniles of Protopters, and how to deliver to Mars a propagated biological object that can become food for fry and juveniles of Protopters, has not been resolved.

The objective of the invention is an experimental study of the possibility of delivery, in particular to Mars, of a propagated biological object capable of becoming food for fry and juvenile protopters.

This problem is solved due to the fact that in the method of performing space biological research carried out with the launch into space and the subsequent return to Earth of a biological object, fertilized daphnia eggs are used as a biological object.

The invention is characterized by the following significant distinguishing feature: the use as a biological object of a space study of fertilized daphnia eggs.

The indicated significant distinguishing feature allows us to experimentally study the possibility of delivery, in particular to Mars, of a propagated biological object capable of becoming food for fry and juvenile protopters.

Daphnia feed on bacteria, unicellular algae, and the simplest and smallest particles of plant detritus. They serve as food for fry and juvenile fish / Big Soviet Encyclopedia, third edition, vol. 7, p. 563, column 1675 /. These features of daphnia are well suited for use in the food chain for fry and juvenile protopters in Martian stations.

Summer generations of daphnia are represented only by females breeding parthenogenetically. In the fall males appear, fertilization occurs, females lay fertilized / "winter" / eggs, covered with a thick shell. These eggs hibernate, i.e. continue to develop only after a long period of rest / TSB, vol. 7, p. 563, column 1675; vol. 30, p. 478, column 1420 /.

Under terrestrial conditions, Daphnia is placed in an aquarium or other vessel equipped with water. In this case, only daphnia females are taken, the water temperature and daylight are maintained according to the summer temperature of the water and its daylight in fresh water reservoirs where daphnia are found. Then the water temperature is gradually reduced, simulating the transition from summer to autumn conditions. This imitation is reinforced by a gradual reduction in the duration of daylight illumination of the aquarium.

After the appearance of Daphnia males, fertilization of the females and laying by the females of the fertilized / “winter” / eggs, the fertilized Daphnia eggs are removed from the aquarium and placed on ice with a temperature of about 0 ° C and in water with a temperature of about 0 ° C, after which together with ice and water is transferred to a thermostat with automatic temperature control, in which a life-supporting gas medium with a temperature of about 0 ° C is also placed. Otherwise, the parameters of a life-supporting gas medium are kept classical for space biological research: normal barometric pressure 760 ± 10 mm Hg, oxygen content 20-24%, relative humidity 35-50% / TSB, vol. 13, p. 234, column 689 /. The water is fresh. The thermostat is sent to space, for example, to a space orbital station.

It is also possible to carry out a characterized experiment on a spacecraft-satellite returning to Earth in Earth orbit or on a part of an automatic interplanetary station returning to Earth on the Earth-Moon-Earth track, which provides the study of biological effects in the absence of the screening effect of magnetic fields and the Earth’s atmosphere.

In space conditions, fertilized Daphnia eggs can withstand a long period, for example, 7-8 months, then return to Earth, then placed in an aquarium, in which the water temperature and duration of daylight are gradually increased, simulating the onset of spring and reaching the development of Daphnia females from eggs . Then, the water temperature and the duration of daytime lighting of the aquarium are gradually increased further, simulating the onset of summer conditions, and parthenogenetic reproduction of the females is achieved. Then the water temperature and the duration of daylight are gradually lowered, simulating the onset of autumn, reaching the appearance of males, fertilization of the females, laying of fertilized / "winter" / eggs, after which they create a "winter" water temperature for the fertilized eggs.

The cycle is repeated several times, while the nearest and distant offspring of Daphnia are studied.

The invention is carried out using known methods and means.

Thus, the use as a biological object of space research of fertilized Daphnia eggs due to the biological characteristics of fertilized Daphnia eggs, allowing the eggs to remain dormant for a long period at a "winter" temperature, followed by development of eggs with a gradual increase in temperature and duration of daylighting of Daphnia females, allows by launching into space with the subsequent return to the Earth of fertilized Daphnia eggs with the study of biological effects of development Daphnia eggs after being in space to study experimentally the possibility of delivery, such as to Mars, reproduce biological entity capable of becoming food for fry and fingerlings protopter.

Claims (1)

A method of performing a space biological research carried out with the launch into space and the subsequent return to the Earth of a biological object, which uses fertilized Daphnia eggs, characterized in that before launching into space in terrestrial conditions, the fertilized Daphnia eggs are placed on ice with a temperature of about 0 ° C and in water with a temperature of about 0 ° C, after which, together with ice and water, they are transferred to a thermostat with automatic temperature control, in which a life-supporting gas medium is also placed dy with a temperature of about 0 ° C, and then sent to a space thermostat.