RU2698058C1 - Method of preservation and/or coloring of plant material, including cut flowers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: decorative art.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to floristics. For preservation and coloring of cut flowers, mosses, lichens, stems, branches and leaves, extraction, cutting and cleaning are performed, immersing them for 24 hours in sealed containers with solution of sugars in distilled water at ratio 1:10 respectively at 15–30 °C, further immersion thereof for 24 hours in sealed containers with decolouring solution of hydrogen peroxide and distilled water at ratio of 3:10 respectively at 15–30 °C, their subsequent immersion for 48 hours in sealed containers with bleaching solution containing 10–15 % of titanium dioxide in distilled water, at 15–40 °C, their subsequent immersion for 72 hours in sealed containers with a preserving solution containing glycerine, acetylated lanolin in ratio 1:1 and dye at 25–40 °C, subsequent drying at 20–80 °C, which preserves color and texture of fresh flowers, moss, lichen, stems, branches and leaves for a long period of time.

EFFECT: invention allows to preserve color and texture of fresh flowers, mosses, lichens, stems, branches and leaves for a long period of time.

1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to floristry - a variety of decorative art, which is embodied in the creation of floristic works (bouquets, compositions, panels, collages) from a variety of natural materials (flowers, leaves, herbs, berries, fruits, nuts, etc.), which can be live, dry or canned. The present invention also relates to a method for storing plant material, including cut flowers.

The present invention relates to a method for preserving and / or staining plant material (plant material may be selected from flowers, stems, herbs, branches, buds and stems of flowers, leaves, etc.). According to the invention, the selected flowers and / or plant material by chemical treatment have the color and texture of a fresh flower and / or plant material, and practically have no cell damage, distortion and twisting.

There is a method of preserving cut roses by immersing the stems in a container with water or a nutrient solution (see Igumnov MA Preservation of cut flowers. - M. VO Agropromizdat, 1990, p. 35-36). However, the known method has a relatively short shelf life of cut flowers.

There is a method for preserving cut flowers based on a non-ionic nutrient such as sugar, containing enzyme inhibitors and the development of microflora and stimulants of oxidative enzymes and water exchange processes (A.S. USSR 503570 IPC A01 3/00, A01 3/02 and 504531 IPC A01 3 / 00, A01 3/02). The disadvantage of this method is the requirement for the mandatory use of nutrient solutions having a rather complex multicomponent formulation, the individual components of which are of high cost or their production is limited to the production of chemicals based on an aqueous sugar solution.

A known method of preserving flowers, including immersing the ends of the stems in water or a nutrient solution and creating hydraulic pressure at the ends of the stems of cut flowers (A.S. USSR 560558, A 01 3/02, 1975). This method is interesting in that the plants, due to the constant maintenance of hydraulic pressure at the ends of the stems, hold the flowers upright and there is constant saturation with water or a nutrient solution. However, this method does not provide for the removal of air jams in the stems of plants, and this leads to a decrease in the shelf life of cut flowers and discoloration.

The most common and simple method of plant preservation is known, which is designed to compile a variety of floristic compositions based on drying plants in air or using desiccants, i.e. substances that absorb water from plants. As desiccants, quartz sand, borax, perlite or silica gel are used (P. Asmann. Modern Floristics / Translated from German by E.Ya. Yudaeva. M. Culture and Traditions, 2003, 224 p.). Despite its positive aspects (simplicity and cheapness), this method has several disadvantages, namely, drying the plants leads to a change in their color, and they become more brittle.

A known method of preserving plants for floristic compositions is the preservation of plants in glycerin (In the book. Preservation of woody plants NF Omelyanovich, 2003, p. 12). Glycerin perfectly preserves plants. Preservation of plants in glycerin makes it possible to obtain elastic and elastic, dark green, dark brown and brown leaves with an oil shine. Plants treated with glycerin are preserved without noticeable tarnishing for a long time (2-3 years). Take one part of glycerin, mix it with 2-3 parts of hot (60-70 degrees) water. Leaves, stems or branches of plants with leaves are immersed in the prepared solution. The plants are kept in a solution of glycerol for 2-3 weeks, then dried. This method also has its drawbacks. Preservation is carried out for more than 2 weeks and during this period there is a change in the natural color of the plant.

The present invention relates to a significantly improved method of chemical preservation and coloring of plant material, for example, flowers, in order to give the final product an appearance and texture comparable to fresh flowers and / or plant material.

The present invention relates to a significantly improved method of chemical preservation and coloring of plant material, for example, flowers, in order to give the final product an appearance and texture comparable to fresh flowers and / or plant material. The process of this invention consists of the following steps.

1) Step one: Material selection, preparation, trimming, cleaning, loading into special forms to maintain the volume and shape of the flower and / or plant material.

2) Step two: This step serves to maintain additional nutrients in the plant material.

This step is carried out by immersing the plant material in a nutrient solution, which consists of various sugars, such as glucose, sucrose or dextrose. The immersion of plant material in this solution provides a preliminary preparation of plant material before preservation and allows you to maintain the freshness and normal appearance of the plant before preservation.

Plant material is placed in sealed containers with a nutrient solution. The solution consists of sugars and distilled water in a ratio of 1:10 (where 1 part is sugar and 10 is distilled water). The temperature of the solution can be in the range from 15C-30 ° C degrees. Plant material is placed in a container with a nutrient solution for 24 hours (Figure 1).

3) Step Three: Discoloration, removal of natural fluid and color from plant material.

This step is carried out by immersing the plant material in a decolorizing solution, which consists of decolorizing components based on hydrogen peroxide. The immersion of plant material in this solution provides discoloration of the plant material. This bleach solution should not significantly weaken the plant material and impede subsequent steps. It is very important to observe at this stage of conservation the residence time of the plant material in a decolorizing solution.

Plant material is placed in sealed containers with a bleach solution. The solution consists of hydrogen peroxide and distilled water in a ratio of proportions of 3:10 (where 3 parts are hydrogen peroxide, and 10 is distilled water). The temperature of the solution may be in the range from 15 ° C to 30 ° C degrees. Plant material is placed in containers with a decolorizing solution for 24 hours (Figure 2).

4) Step Four: Pre-bleaching (staining white) of plant material before immersion in a stabilizing (preserving) solution.

This step is carried out by immersing the plant material in a bleaching solution, which consists of titanium dioxide-based components that give a white color. The immersion of plant material in this solution provides a white color and serves as a preparatory step for the main step of preservation and staining of plant material. This step increases the color stability of the final product. Restorative whitening does not destroy bleached plant material.

Plant material is placed in sealed containers with a bleaching solution. The solution consists of titanium dioxide and distilled water, the concentration of titanium dioxide depends on the type of plant material, its density and color. But the concentration of titanium dioxide in the solution should be in the range of 10-15% (solution of titanium dioxide and distilled water). The temperature of the solution may be in the range of 15 ° C-40 ° C degrees. Plant material is placed in a container with a bleaching solution for 48 hours.

2) Step Five: Preservation (stabilization) and staining of plant material. The purpose of this step is to replace the natural juice of plant material with a preserving (stabilizing solution) and coloring it in the desired color. This stabilizing solution should maintain the elasticity of the plant material for a long time. This step also includes the addition of dye to the solution, to obtain various colors, when using which the plant material acquires a stable color.

This step is carried out by immersing the plant material in a preservative solution, which consists of glycerin and acetylated lanolin, as well as dye.

This step is the main in the process of conservation (stabilization) and staining of plant material and determines the quality of the final result in terms of appearance, tactile sensations and durability. The flexibility of the plant material, which will be for a long time, largely depends on the type and amount of preserving (stabilizing) solution. The amount of absorbed solution should be able to retain at least 15-20% of the moisture inside the plant for a long time.

Plant material is placed in sealed containers with a preserving (stabilizing) solution. The solution consists of glycerol, acetylated lanolin (in 1: 1 proportions) and dye. The dye may be food grade, for fabric or for floristry. The concentration of the dye in the solution depends on the necessary degree of coloring of the plant material. The temperature of the solution may be in the range from 25 ° C to 40 ° C degrees. Plant material is placed in airtight containers with a decolorizing solution for 72 hours (Figure 3, Figure 4).

3) Step six: Drying the canned (stabilized) plant material.

4) The purpose of this step is to remove excess preservative (stabilizing) solution from the outer surface of the plant material, as well as from internal structures. The temperature of the drying process should be sufficient to remove the preserving (stabilizing) solution, this temperature is from 20 ° C to 80 ° C.

The drying time should be sufficient to remove the preservative (stabilizing solution) (Figure 5, Figure 6).

Claims (1)

The method of preservation and coloring of cut flowers, mosses, lichens, stems, branches and leaves, including their chemical treatment, characterized in that they are selected, trimmed and cleaned, immersed for 24 hours in airtight containers with a solution of sugars in distilled water at a ratio of 1 : 10, respectively, at 15-30 ° С, their subsequent immersion for 24 hours in sealed containers with a decolorizing solution of hydrogen peroxide and distilled water at a ratio of 3:10, respectively, at 15-30 ° С, their subsequent immersion for 48 hours in the seal containers with a bleaching solution containing 10-15% titanium dioxide in distilled water at 15-40 ° С, their subsequent immersion for 72 hours in sealed containers with a preserving solution containing glycerin, acetylated lanolin in a ratio of 1: 1 and dye at 25-40 ° C, subsequent drying at 20-80 ° C, at which the color and texture of fresh flowers, mosses, lichens, stems, branches and leaves are preserved for a long time.

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