RU2696725C1 - Turbocharger diesel fuel feed regulator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in the field of automatic control of internal combustion engines. Diesel fuel (1) with turbocharger fuel supply regulator comprises a pneumatic sensing element (3), centrifugal sensing element (24), a mechanical fuel feed corrector, fuel feed dispenser (13), main lever (11) and adder lever (10). Pneumatic sensitive element of pressure of supercharging air contains membrane (4) connected on one side by pipeline (6) with inlet branch pipe (5) of diesel engine, and on other side with spring (7) and rod (8). Rod is articulated with slider (9) with the summing lever. Upper arm of summing lever is connected by stem to spring-loaded membrane, lower arm is connected by hinge to end of main lever and centrifugal sensitive element, and middle point of summing lever is connected to fuel supply proportioning device. Summing lever and the fuel supply metering device form a summation mechanism with the number of degrees of freedom w = 2. Movement of summation lever ends is limited by two fixed stops. Main lever is connected with main control spring (17) with diesel control lever (18). Additional mechanical fuel feed corrector is made in form of located on lower part of summing lever movable stop (12), resting on fixed prism (16), fixed on body at an angle to its vertical position.

EFFECT: technical result consists in providing possibility of diesel engine operation in transient modes by economic characteristic and improvement of control accuracy.

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Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention relates to the field of automatic control of internal combustion engines, as well as to devices for implementing this technology.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The well-known turbocharged diesel regulator (Author's certificate No. 1038512 "Turbocharged diesel regulator" registered May 3, 1983, published July 30, 1983, Bulletin No. 32 [1]) containing a pneumatic pressure sensing element for charge air and a centrifugal sensing element equipped with a summing a lever whose midpoint is connected to the fuel metering body; moreover, the summing lever and the fuel metering body form a summing mechanism with the number of degrees of freedom w = 2, and the movement of the ends of the summing lever is limited by two stops adjustable in the body by the thread.

The known turbocharged diesel regulator [1] maintains the rotation speed ω of the diesel shaft at a predetermined level only on the regulatory characteristic 6, as shown in FIG. 1. The fuel supply correction is carried out by a pneumatic sensing element of charge air pressure according to the external characteristic a. But when accelerating a diesel engine by moving the control lever from the minimum idle rotation speed (ω _xx ) _min, the fuel supply correction is not carried out according to the rotation speed, which reduces the quality of the working process and increases fuel consumption.

During acceleration by moving the control lever, the centrifugal sensing element is switched off and is in the extreme position of the maximum fuel supply g _t . Therefore, the operation of the diesel during acceleration by the external characteristic a (Fig. 1) is not economical. The maximum efficiency of a diesel engine is observed on the economic characteristics of q with a lower fuel supply q, the operation of which the known turbocharged diesel regulator does not provide. A disadvantage of the known turbocharged diesel regulator is that in transient operation the fuel supply does not depend on the diesel speed ω as it is not determined by a centrifugal sensitive element, making it impossible to work on the economic characteristic.

Thus, the operation of the known controller [1] during diesel acceleration is not economical. The maximum economy of a diesel engine is observed on the economic characteristic q passing through the points of the nominal operating mode of the diesel engine n and the maximum economy mode e, the operation of which the known regulator does not provide. The known turbocharged diesel regulator has the disadvantage that when accelerating, its fuel supply is not determined by the diesel speed ω, since the centrifugal sensing element is turned off, making it impossible to work on the economic characteristic.

Thus, the well-known turbocharged diesel regulator [1], in principle, cannot ensure the operation of the diesel engine in transient conditions according to the economic characteristic q (Fig. 1). The reason for this is the inability to change the fuel supply in transition mode in accordance with the diesel rotation speed ω due to the fact that the main lever of the centrifugal sensing element, when the position of the speed control lever changes abruptly, reaches the maximum fuel supply stop [2, 3], which takes a constant position.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the invention is to ensure the operation of a diesel engine in transient conditions according to a characteristic close to economic, increasing control accuracy by taking into account the charge air pressure and diesel speed, improving the quality of the working process and reducing fuel consumption.

Thus, in order to achieve the set goal and to ensure the possibility of diesel operation in transient conditions with characteristics close to economic e, an additional mechanical corrector is connected to the summing lever.

A known turbocharged diesel regulator [1], containing a pneumatic sensing element of charge air pressure with a membrane connected on one side by a pipe with a diesel inlet pipe, and on the other hand with a spring and a rod connected by a hinge with a spider with a summing lever, the upper arm of which is connected rod to the spring-loaded membrane of the pneumatic sensing element, the lower arm is hinged to the end of the main lever and the centrifugal sensing element, and the midpoint of the sum iruyuschego lever connected to the fuel metering body; moreover, the summing lever and the fuel metering body form a summing mechanism with the number of degrees of freedom w = 2, the movement of the ends of the summing lever is limited by two fixed stops, and the main lever is connected by the main spring to the diesel control lever.

A turbocharged diesel fuel supply regulator is proposed, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional mechanical fuel feed corrector made in the form of a movable stop located on the bottom of the summing lever, resting on a fixed prism mounted on the housing at an angle to its vertical position.

A common feature of the known and proposed regulators is that both regulators contain a pneumatic sensing element of charge air pressure with a membrane connected on one side by a pipeline with a diesel inlet pipe, and on the other hand with a spring and a rod connected by a hinge to the creeper with a summing lever, the upper the shoulder of which is connected by a rod to the spring-loaded membrane of the pneumatic sensing element, the lower shoulder is hinged to the end of the main lever and the centrifugal sensing itelnomu element, and the middle point of the lever is connected to the summing fuel metering body; moreover, the summing lever and the fuel metering body form a summing mechanism with the number of degrees of freedom w = 2.

Significant coinciding features of the known and proposed devices are the presence of centrifugal and pneumatic sensitive elements, however, these signs are inherent in most systems of automatic speed control of turbo-charged diesel engines.

A significant difference of the proposed method from the known one is that an additional mechanical corrector of fuel supply by diesel speed is introduced into the proposed regulator, connected with the diesel control lever.

To achieve this goal, the proposed turbocharged diesel governor, the summing lever at the lower point, is pivotally connected to the main lever, which has a V-shape, with the possibility of rotation around the lower center of rotation. The introduction of the main lever, which has a V-shape, with the possibility of rotation around the lower center of rotation, allows the accumulating lever to be moved horizontally and vertically in acceleration mode and to adjust the fuel supply according to the diesel speed, which allows controlling the fuel supply according to a characteristic close to economic, defined as speed the rotation of the diesel engine ω and the pressure of the charge air in the inlet pipe R _c .

Control of a diesel engine in operation by a characteristic close to economic can serve as a significant reserve for increasing efficiency in transient and stationary modes [2, 3]. The principle of operation of the proposed turbocharged diesel regulator is illustrated by the parametric characteristic of FIG. 1, which is the relationship between the diesel torque and the rotational speed M (ω) at a constant value of other parameters of the diesel engine. The construction of the parametric characteristics of the diesel engine is carried out in coordinates - the diesel torque and rotational speed M (ω) according to experimental studies.

An analysis of the characteristics of the known and proposed turbocharged diesel regulator, which has received experimental confirmation and is presented in FIG. 1, shows that when the pressure pulse of the charge air is delayed, the regulatory characteristic of the proposed turbocharged diesel regulator deviates from the static towards the region of lower values of specific fuel consumption g _t .

In this way:

1. Regulator for supplying fuel to a turbocharged diesel engine, comprising a pneumatic sensing element of charge air pressure with a membrane connected on one side by a pipe to a diesel inlet pipe, and on the other hand, with a spring and a rod connected by a hinge to a spider with a summing lever, the upper arm of which is connected rod to the spring-loaded membrane of the pneumatic sensing element, the lower arm is hinged to the end of the main lever and the centrifugal sensing element, and the middle point and the summing lever is connected to the fuel metering body; moreover, the summing lever and the fuel metering body form a summing mechanism with the number of degrees of freedom w = 2, the movement of the ends of the summing lever is limited by two fixed stops, and the main lever is connected by the main spring to the diesel control lever, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional mechanical fuel feed corrector made in the form of a movable stop located on the bottom of the summing lever, abutting against a fixed prism mounted on the housing at an angle to the vertical position to him.

2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the summing lever at the lower point is pivotally connected to the centrifugal sensing element and the main lever having a V-shape, with the possibility of rotation around the lower center of rotation.

The main set of essential features of the claimed device, which allows to achieve the claimed technical result, is the presence of an additional mechanical corrector for the fuel supply.

A comparison of the properties of the claimed and known solutions shows that the proposed solution has new properties that do not match the properties of the known solutions, and that the claimed solution has significant differences.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the proposed turbocharged diesel fuel supply regulator, where: 1 - diesel; 2 - a turbocompressor; 3 - pneumatic sensing element; 4 - membrane; 5 - diesel inlet pipe; 6 - pipeline; 7 - spring; 8 - stock; 9 - crawler; 10 - summing lever; 11 - the main lever; 12 - movable emphasis; 13 - fuel metering body; 14 - high pressure fuel pump (TNVD); 15 - emphasis pneumatic sensing element; 16 - prism of a mechanical corrector; 17 - the main spring; 18 - diesel control lever; 19, 20 - stops of the diesel control lever; 21 - gear, 22 - centrifugal loads; 23 - plate, 24 - centrifugal sensing element; 25 - thrust; 26 - body, 27 - thrust.

The proposed controller of the fuel supply of a turbocharged diesel engine comprises a diesel engine 1 with a turbocharger 2, a pneumatic sensing element of charge air pressure 3 with a membrane 4 connected on one side to the inlet pipe 5 by a pipe 6, and on the other hand with a spring 7 and a rod 8, which is connected to with a hinge 9 with the upper end of the summing arm 10, one arm of which is thus connected by the rod 8 to the spring-loaded membrane 4 of the pneumatic sensing element 3, and the second arm of the summing arm 10 under connected by a hinge at a lower point to the end of the main lever 11 and to the centrifugal sensing element 24. The rod 8 connected to the membrane 4 during movement can abut against a stop 15 adjustable in the thread housing.

The midpoint of the summing arm 10 is connected to the metering body for supplying fuel 13 of the high pressure fuel pump 14 (high-pressure fuel pump). The movement of the ends of the summing lever 10 is limited by two stops. The upper threaded stop 15, which is adjustable in the housing, has a constant position when the engine is running. The lower stop 12 located on the summing lever, which is adjustable during diesel operation, abuts against a prism 16, which is rigidly fixed at an angle to the housing 26. The main lever 11 is connected by the main spring 17 to the diesel speed control lever 18, the movement of which is limited by two stops 19 adjustable in the housing by the thread 20, motionless during operation of the diesel engine.

The centrifugal sensing element 24, connected by a gear 21 with a diesel 1, contains loads 22, enclosed between a movable plate 23 with a rod 27 and the housing 26 [2, 3]. The movable plate 23 with a thrust 27 of the centrifugal sensing element 12 is pivotally connected to the main lever 11 and the summing lever 10.

Turbocharged Diesel Fuel Regulator Operation

To achieve this goal, an additional mechanical fuel feed corrector for diesel speed is introduced into the well-known turbocharged diesel fuel supply regulator [1]. In FIG. Figure 1 shows the parametric characteristic of the diesel engine, which is built in coordinates — the diesel torque and rotation speed M (ω) according to experimental studies, it illustrates the relationship between the diesel torque M and rotation speed ω at a constant value of other parameters, where: a is the external characteristic ; b - limiting regulatory characteristic, c - dependencies at a constant specific fuel consumption g _t , g - dependencies at a constant pressure of charge air, e - economic characteristic, e - point of minimum specific fuel consumption; n is the point of the nominal operating mode; g - characteristic during acceleration with a minimum pressure of charge air.

For example, concentric curves marked with the letter b centered at point e of the minimum specific fuel consumption in FIG. 1 represent the dependences of the diesel torque on the rotation speed M (ω) at a constant specific fuel consumption g _t . Dependences M (ω), indicated by dot d, shown by a dashed line, correspond to a constant pressure of charge air P _in stationary operating modes. Wherein the bottom of the dependencies g corresponds to a zero excess pressure P = 0 _in the charge air in a diesel engine idling no load - the point (ω _{xx) min.} Curve a represents the external characteristic of the diesel engine. The corrector characteristic of the diesel engine is represented by curve g and is formed when the centrifugal speed sensor and the pneumatic sensor and the mechanical corrector are turned off. The curve marked with point 6 represents the regulatory characteristic [2, 3] of the inventive turbocharged diesel governor with a centrifugal speed sensor and a pneumatic sensor working. At the intersection of the external and regulatory 6 characteristics of the diesel engine lies the point of the nominal operating mode, marked with the letter n. Through the points n of the nominal mode and the point e of the maximum economy mode, an economic characteristic passes, marked by point d, which is understood as the ratio between the load (torque M) and the shaft rotation speed с while minimizing the specific fuel consumption g _t . The curve marked with point g at the same time illustrates the dependence of the diesel torque on the speed of the diesel engine M (ω) during acceleration of the diesel engine, which causes it to shift to the left from the limiting regulatory characteristic b to the region of lower specific fuel consumption g _t with a decrease in the charge air pressure to P _at = 0 due to the inertia of the rotor of the turbocharger of a turbocharged diesel engine. Thus, the shutdown of the pulse by the pressure of the charge air at Р _в = 0 causes a shift in the static characteristics of the turbocharged diesel engine to the region of lower specific fuel consumption g _t . When a diesel engine is accelerated by moving the control handle from the minimum idle speed (ω _xx ) _min to the nominal mode marked with point n, the air pressure in which is close to zero, the diesel engine operates according to a characteristic close to economic q, until the air pressure air does not take a steady value at its intersection with the external characteristic of the diesel engine, marked with the letter a.

In the proposed scheme of a turbocharged diesel regulator, the economic characteristic is adjusted by adjusting the stops 12 and 15 (Fig. 2). As a criterion of economy in the proposed device, the deviation of the transition mode parameters M (ω) from the point of minimum fuel consumption (point e in Fig. 1), which should be minimized by the diesel control system [2, 3], can be taken.

An analysis of the characteristics of the known and proposed turbocharged diesel regulator, which has received experimental confirmation and is presented in FIG. 1, shows that when the pressure pulse of the charge air is delayed, the regulatory characteristic of the proposed turbocharged diesel regulator deviates from the static towards the region of lower values of specific fuel consumption.

The transition mode of the turbocharged diesel engine, for example, acceleration, occurs when the diesel control lever 18 is moved to the right, which causes an increase in the tightening of the main spring 17 and the diesel speed ω (Fig. 2). In this case, the main lever 11 moves to the right and moves to the right and raises the summing lever. The movement of the summing lever 10 with the stop 12 in contact with the fixed inclined prism causes the metering body of the fuel supply 13 of the high pressure fuel pump 14 (TNVD) to increase the fuel supply g _t (to the right), thus, the fuel supply is corrected for speed diesel engine.

An increase in the fuel supply causes an increase in the rotational speed of the shaft of the turbocharger 2. The latter leads to some delay due to the inertia of the rotor of the turbocharger 2 to an increase in the pressure of the charge air in the inlet pipe 5, which is transmitted through a pipe 6 to the membrane 4 of the pneumatic sensing element 3. This delay in the increase in pressure charge air is associated with the inertia of the rotor of the turbocharger 2, which allows to limit the fuel supply in the initial period of the transitional mode of the diesel 1 with turbocharging. Thus, the increase in fuel supply is linked to the increase in charge air pressure P _in and the air supply to the diesel cylinder, which allows to improve the quality of the working process in the diesel cylinder [2, 3].

The maximum fuel supply to the diesel cylinder, which determines the torque at the nominal diesel operating mode, is regulated when the summing lever 10 is located on both adjustable stops 15 and 12 on the external characteristic (curve a in Fig. 1). At transient conditions of a diesel engine turbocharged with a delay charge air pressure increase _{in the} fuel flow F is directly restricted pneumatic sensitive element 3, shear response and down. Adjustable stops 15 and 12 are tuned to the fuel supply, which determines the torque at the most economical mode of operation of the diesel engine at point e on characteristic g of FIG. 1. Coordination of fuel and air supply is a positive feedback, since an increase in charge air pressure causes an increase in fuel supply, which automatically contributes to an increase in charge air pressure to a value in the nominal operating mode n.

The fuel supply by the fuel metering body 13 is consistent with the pulse action of the centrifugal sensing element 24 connected to the main lever 11 and connected to the main spring 17 with the diesel control lever 18. This coordinated action of the centrifugal sensing element 24 and the pneumatic sensing element 3 depends on the ratio of the arms of the summing arm and the stiffness of the main spring 17. The settings of the stops 15 and 12 determine the rotation speed of the diesel shaft 1 at idle operation (ω _xx ) _min , (ω _xx ) _max and rated mode n (Fig. 1). The coordinated action of the centrifugal sensor 24 and the pneumatic sensor 3 at the beginning of the acceleration of the diesel engine shifts the regulatory characteristic 6 to the left to the point e of the most economical mode of operation of the diesel engine (Fig. 1). Thus, the position of the economic characteristics of diesel q is determined by the tuning of the turbocharged diesel regulator.

Since the increase in fuel supply by the metering body 13 of the high pressure fuel pump 14 during acceleration by moving the control lever 18 causes an increase in the speed of diesel 1, the negative feedback [2, 3, 4] comes into effect through the action of a centrifugal sensor in the opposite direction of the movement of the metering body fuel supply 13 to reduce the fuel supply to the diesel cylinder 1. Correction of the fuel supply by the metering body 13 of the high-pressure fuel pump 14 during acceleration by moving the control lever 18 causes an increase in boost pressure, then positive feedback [2, 3, 4] comes into effect through the action of a pneumatic sensing element 3 in the direction of moving the fuel metering body 13 to increase the fuel supply to the diesel cylinder 1. Thus, the change in the fuel supply by economic the characteristic is provided by a change in the diesel speed set by the control lever 18, and a change in the charge air pressure proportional to the load of the turbocharged diesel engine. Transients in the positive and negative feedback circuits of the turbocharged diesel regulator go simultaneously, providing work on the economic characteristics of diesel d (Fig. 1).

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The inventive regulator of the fuel supply of a turbocharged diesel engine can improve the efficiency of transport vehicles powered by a turbocharged diesel engine and reduce energy consumption compared to known devices. Its use allows to reduce energy losses and increase the efficiency of cars at unsteady modes of acceleration by operating a diesel engine according to the economic characteristics. Management in operation by economic characteristics can serve as a significant reserve for increasing efficiency in transitional regimes. Experimental studies have shown [2, 3] that the claimed invention can be implemented with the safety of work.

Literature:

1. Krutov V.I., Leonov I.V., Shatrov V.I. et al. Copyright certificate No. 1038512 "Turbocharged diesel engine governor" was registered on May 3, 1983, published July 30, 1983, Bulletin No. 32.

2. Krutov V.I. Automatic regulation of the internal combustion engine. - M .: Mashgiz, 1963 .-- 600 p.

3. Krutov V.I., Leonov I.V., Shatrov V.I. Formation of the equilibrium characteristic of a two-pulse controller in terms of speed and pressure of the charge air of a combined ICE. “University News. Mechanical Engineering ”No. 7, 1987. p. 81-85.

4. I.V. Leonov. Management of a machine unit with internal combustion engine for economic characteristics. "University News". "Engineering". No. 4 - 2015. p. 81-85.

Signatures for drawings of the regulator

FIG. 1. Schematized parametric dependence of the diesel engine (ω and M are the current values of the diesel shaft rotation speed and torque, ω _xx is the idle speed): a - external characteristic; b - limiting regulatory characteristic, c - parametric dependences at constant specific fuel consumption g _t , g - parametric dependences of constant pressure of charging air, e - economic characteristic, g - correction characteristic of a diesel engine with a minimum pressure of charging air

FIG. 2. Diagram of a turbocharged diesel regulator: 1 - diesel; 2 - a turbocompressor; 3 - pneumatic sensing element; 4 - membrane; 5 - diesel inlet pipe; 6 - pipeline; 7 - spring; 8 - stock; 9 - crawler; 10 - summing lever; 11 - the main lever; 12 - movable emphasis; 13 - fuel metering body; 14 - high pressure fuel pump (TNVD); 15 - emphasis pneumatic sensing element; 16 - prism of a mechanical corrector; 17 - the main spring; 18 - diesel control lever; 19, 20 - stops of the diesel control lever; 21 - gear, 22 - centrifugal loads; 23 - plate, 24 - centrifugal sensing element; 25 - thrust; 26 - body, 27 - thrust.

Claims (2)

1. Regulator for supplying fuel to a turbocharged diesel engine, comprising a pneumatic sensing element of charge air pressure with a membrane connected on one side by a pipe to a diesel inlet pipe, and on the other hand, with a spring and a rod connected by a hinge to a spider with a summing lever, the upper arm of which is connected rod to the spring-loaded membrane of the pneumatic sensing element, the lower arm is hinged to the end of the main lever and the centrifugal sensing element, and the middle point and the summing lever is connected to the fuel metering body; moreover, the summing lever and the fuel metering body form a summing mechanism with the number of degrees of freedom w = 2, the movement of the ends of the summing lever is limited by two fixed stops, and the main lever is connected by the main spring to the diesel control lever, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional mechanical fuel feed corrector, made in the form of a movable stop located on the bottom of the summing lever, abutting against a fixed prism, mounted on the housing at an angle to the vertical floor zheniyu it. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the summing lever at the lower point is pivotally connected to the centrifugal sensing element and the main lever having a V-shape, with the possibility of rotation around the lower center of rotation.

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