RU2694537C1 - Translucent structure (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: translucent structure comprises outer and inner glasses arranged in parallel at a distance from each other and connected along the outline by means of a spacer frame by means of a sealant to form three chambers filled with gas, and coatings applied on glass. Chambers are filled with a mixture of krypton and argon gases with air at residual air content of not more than 10 %, wherein content of krypton is not less than 50 %. Spacer frames have width of 8–16 mm, and the glass used is clarified glass. Low-emission coatings are located on inner side at least on two glasses.

EFFECT: invention can be used in production of double-glazed windows for enclosure of external openings of buildings, and is aimed at improvement of physical characteristics.

7 cl, 1 tbl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, in particular to the glass industry, namely, to translucent structures and can be used in the manufacture of glass for fencing the outer openings of buildings and structures in the form of windows, stained glass windows, glass facades for winter gardens, atriums, zenith lamps, coverings for greenhouses and doors.

Usually a single glass unit consists of two glasses, spaced in parallel at a distance from each other with the formation of a chamber (air insulation) and connected along the contour with a spacer (spacers between the panes) using a sealant, forming a strong, non-separable bond between the panes and the spacer frame of the glass unit , and ensuring the airtightness of the glass. The wall of the spacer, facing the internal gap between the panes, contains small openings, and the cavity of the spacer box serves to accommodate a desiccant that prevents moisture from condensing on the inner surface of the panes at low ambient temperatures.

It is known that several parameters significantly affect the heat transfer resistance of double-glazed windows:

- gas tightness of cameras after their filling;

- fullness of the chambers with air or inert gases;

- the percentage of inert gases when filling chambers;

- presence of low emulsion or multifunctional coatings on

glasses;

- characteristics of distance frames, determining heat loss through the marginal zone.

The energy efficiency of a double-glazed window can be increased by adding the number of glasses and, accordingly, air insulation layers (two-chamber, three-chamber double-glazed windows). The air space between the glasses to reduce energy transfer can be filled with a denser gas with lower thermal conductivity, such as argon, krypton, xenon and sulfur hexafluoride.

The indicator of the heat transfer resistance of a glass unit (R, m ² ° C / W) depends on the thickness of the chamber, determined by the width of the spacer frame. As the thickness of the chamber increases to a certain value, the heat transfer resistance of the glass unit increases and then begins to decrease again, and for each filling (air or inert gas) there is an optimal limited width of space at which the heat transfer of the glass unit is minimal. As the chamber thickness increases beyond the optimum, convection of air or gas inside the chamber begins, which leads to an increase in thermal conductivity. The optimum thickness of the gas chamber and, accordingly, the width of the spacer frame depend on the climatic conditions in which the glass unit will work (be used). Usually (known from analogs) the optimal distance between the glasses varies within 6 -16 mm, a further increase in the distance leads to the loss of energy efficiency of the glass unit.

Known glass block containing at least two glasses, divided among themselves with the formation of the chamber, and the coating on the glass (see description of the invention to patent No. 2432329 of the Russian Federation "Window block with insulating glass and method of its manufacture", IPC C08L 83/04, C09K 3/10, E06B 3/66, C03C 27/10, published on 10/27/2011).

To regulate the flow of solar energy, a glass of a known glass block contains a multilayer coating comprising a protective coating against ultraviolet radiation and a protective layer against infrared radiation containing silver. Moreover, a protective coating against ultraviolet radiation is located on top of the coating to regulate solar energy on one glass, and on the other - at least one other dielectric layer placed on top of the protective coating from infrared radiation.

The presence of multilayer coatings blocks the penetration of solar energy into the room, so the known glass block can not be a passive source of heat.

Known translucent structure containing glass arranged in parallel at a distance from each other and connected along the contour with a distance frame using a sealant with the formation of chambers filled with gas, and coating deposited on the glass (see the description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2 639 750 "Insulating double-glazed windows with low-emission and anti-reflective coatings", IPC SS03 17/36, http://www1.fips.ru/wps/portal/IPC/IPC2014_extended_XML/?xml=http://www1.fips.ru/IPC2014_extended_XML /AIpc-20140101_subclass-C_XML\AIpc20140101-C03C.xml Е06В 3/66, published on 12/22/2017).

The first and second low-emission coatings are applied to the inner surfaces of the first and third substrates, with the first glass (substrate) facing the outer space, and the third to the inner space.

In addition, the first and second antireflection coatings are placed on opposite surfaces of the second substrate, and an inert gas or a mixture of inert gases, such as argon, krypton, sulfur hexafluoride or the like, with or without oxygen is placed in the cavities between adjacent substrates.

When a low-emissivity coating is applied to glass, the thermal performance of the glass is significantly improved, namely, the heat transfer resistance of the glazing with the use of glass with a low-emission coating increases, and the heat transfer coefficient decreases.

The presence of anti-reflective coatings reduces the penetration of solar energy into the room, so the known glass block can not be a passive source of heat.

The closest analogue, adopted as a prototype, is a translucent structure containing glass arranged in parallel at a distance from each other and connected along the contour with a spacer using a sealant to form sealed chambers filled with gas and coating deposited on the glass, ( see the description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation "Translucent design with heating" No. 2 510 704, IPC H05B 3/84, publ. 04.04.2014).

In a known translucent structure, a low-emission coating is applied on the inner surface of the outer glass and on the surface of each of the inner glasses. In addition, in the known device on the inner surface of one of the external glass applied conductive coating with conductive paths deposited at opposite edges of the outer glass by spraying in two stages of an alloy of zinc-aluminum and copper-zinc alloy, which are placed in areas of insulating and bonding pads from the sealant, and to the conductive tracks summed up the power supply wires.

A disadvantage of the known device is its volatility, since the known device is an active consumer of electrical energy, in contrast to the proposed device, which is a passive heating device that uses the energy of the sun. At the same time, placement in a known device of a surface with an elevated temperature in the plane of minimal resistance to heat transfer makes it energy-inefficient, that is, maximizing heat loss.

The technical task and the technical result is the creation of a translucent structure with an improved set of physical characteristics and with enhanced functionality, namely increased energy efficiency, smoothing sudden changes in temperature, increased thermal inertia, as well as allowing to install these translucent structures into all well-known profile systems and ensure that the most possibility of local dismantling of structural elements without disturbing the thermal circuit and buildings.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the translucent design (option 1) contains four glasses: external and internal, spaced in parallel at a distance from each other and connected along the contour with a spacer using a sealant to form three chambers filled with gas, and coatings applied on the glass, while the chambers are filled with a mixture of krypton and argon gases with air, with a residual air content of not more than 10%, while the krypton content is at least 50%, the distance frames are 8–16 mm wide, and the glass used is clarified glass, while the low-emission coating is located on the inner side with at least two glasses.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the translucent structure (option 2) contains four glasses: external and internal, spaced in parallel at a distance from each other and connected along the contour with a spacer using a sealant to form three chambers filled with gas, and coatings applied on glass, characterized in that the chambers are filled with a mixture of krypton and argon gases with air, with a residual air content of not more than 10%, while the krypton content is at least 50%, remote p pits are formed width of 8 - 16 mm as outer glass panes used enlightened as well as internal - glass than the enlightened glass, and low-emissiionnoe coating disposed on the inner side at least two glasses.

In addition, the distance frames are made of a material with the criterion of heat loss Ψ (psi) not more than 0.04 W / m С.

In addition, the inner glass can be made of ordinary window glass or of a translucent material - film.

In addition, the outer glass can be made of self-cleaning coated glass.

The proposed translucent design allows you to:

- improve energy efficiency through the use of coated glass, gas mixtures with the best thermal conductivity (lambda) and the presence of several low-emulsion coatings;

- smooth sudden changes in temperature due to high resistance to heat transfer, as a result of which the proposed design has a large thermal inertia and with a sharp change in temperature outside, and the characteristic of resistance to heat transfer will change longer (within a few hours) at a constant air temperature inside the room.

- reduce convection due to the implementation of chambers with a thickness of 8 - 16 mm;

When the chambers are filled with a mixture of inert gases with krypton and argon, the optimal width of the spacer frames is from 8 to 16 mm. Increasing the width of the spacer more than 16 mm increases the convection heat loss with climatic data of the Russian Federation, and with a decrease in the width of the spacer less than 8 mm, glass sticking and lens effect can occur, and the process of filling the glass with a gas is complicated.

A remote frame with a width of more than 16 mm can be used only for double-glazed windows with a size of more than 4 m ² in order to provide a deflection of glass not more than ½ the width of the distance frame.

Minor interglass spaces (8 - 16mm) allow the proposed translucent structure to be installed in almost all well-known profile systems such as PVC, aluminum with thermo-inserts, composite frames and wooden frames, as well as reduced convection, improved sound insulation, and the possibility of local disassembly of elements structures without disturbing the thermal contour of the building.

In addition, the presence of krypton in the mixture allows to increase the service life of the declared glass unit by several times and leads to long-term preservation of the characteristics of both thermal insulation and sound insulation. This property is due to the fact that the size of the krypton molecule is larger than the standard argon gas or air molecules that fill the chamber of the glass unit, and since the molecule is larger, according to the law of Gremma, processes of effusion of gases from the glass unit cells are significantly reduced.

The presence of low-emission coatings allows you to increase energy efficiency, reduce heat loss in cold weather, smooth out sudden changes in temperature, and make it possible to use less powerful heat sources in the construction of buildings.

The proposed translucent design is illustrated by drawings, which shows its cross-section.

Translucent design, made according to option 1, contains two external glasses 1 and 2 and two internal glasses 3 and 4 with a thickness of 1.2 - 5 mm, arranged parallel to each other, and combined into one glass unit using a spacer 5 with a width of 8 to 16 mm , primary sealant 6 and secondary sealant 7 with the formation of three gas-tight chambers 8.

Chambers 8 are filled with a mixture of krypton gases of at least 50%, argon and residual air of no more than 10%.

Glasses 1, 2, 3 and 4 are made enlightened. The outer glasses 1 and 2, as well as one of the inner glasses 3 or 4, are made of coated glass with a pre-applied low emission coating of 9, 10 and 11, respectively, with an emissivity of 0.01 to 0.06.

A low emissivity coating can significantly improve the thermal performance of glass (the resistance to heat transfer of glazing using such glass increases, and the thermal conductivity decreases).

Translucent design, made according to option 2, contains two external glasses 1 and 2 and two internal glasses 3 and 4, arranged parallel to each other, and combined into one glass unit using a spacer 5 with a width of 8 to 16 mm, primary sealant 6 and secondary sealant 7 with the formation of three gas-tight chambers 8. Lightened glass was used as external glass 1 and 2, and glass 3 or 4 used as internal glass was different from clarified glass, for example, from ordinary window glass or light Transparent materials - films in the form of a high-strength polymer membrane with a low-emission coating, “stretched” in the glass pane in the glass pane (see http://www.eagfacades.com/Technologies/ heat.html).

As the outer glass 1 and 2 used glass coated with pre-applied low-emission coating 9, 10, respectively, with an emissivity of from 0.01 to 0.06.

Use as internal glass 3 and 4 translucent materials - the film can further reduce the weight of translucent structures.

As the outer glass 1 for more comfortable operation of windows, self-cleaning glass can be used to ensure the cleanliness of translucent structures and not requiring regular maintenance.

As the outer glass 1 can be used enlightened glass with the application of film or spraying.

On the outer glass 1, as in option 1 or 2, a spray of dirt can be applied to increase the transmittance of sunlight and solar energy in actual use conditions.

Translucent design is made as follows.

  The manufacture of double-glazed windows begins with precise cutting and preparing glasses for both exterior 1 and 2, and internal 3 and 4, as with pre-applied low-emission coatings 9, 10 and 11, depending on the version of the translucent design. Then low-emission coating 9, 10 and 11 in the plane of the spacer frames 5 are partially removed, then with the help of spacer 5, primary sealant 6 is glued into a three-chamber glass unit with the formation of three gas-tight chambers 8.

Then, the gas tightness of the chambers 8 is monitored. In the event that the gas tightness of chambers 8 is confirmed, a gradual filling of each gas chamber 8 with a mixture of gases is carried out.

The table shows the physical characteristics of translucent structures, made by options 1 and 2.

The proposed translucent design can be used as in

as a deaf (fixed, non-opening) glazing as well as an opening (window and door) glazing, which can be embedded in a deaf stained glass glazing.

The proposed translucent design, when installed on the southern, western and eastern facades of buildings, can serve as a heating device during the winter period for most of the climatic zones of the Russian Federation, since the heat gain through this structure with moderate shading is greater than the heat loss.

Translucent design can be used in the winter as a passive heating device that does not require additional energy resources, which ensures the autonomy of buildings from central communications systems and reduces the vulnerability of buildings (the time until the building’s hydraulic systems freeze) from accidents on central heating systems, gas supply or electricity, increasing the time of emergency work to reduce the temperature inside the building to a critical level.

The proposed translucent design can be used in the implementation of buildings away from central communications, autonomous buildings, as well as in buildings of increased importance, such as hospitals, maternity homes, etc.

The proposed translucent design can be used in vehicles to reduce the cost of heating and air conditioning, as well as increase the autonomy of these vehicles in the event of an emergency, including using on ships, trains, etc.

The proposed translucent design can be used at airports to improve the acoustic comfort of people inside the building and other buildings where noise reduction is necessary.

The proposed translucent design allows to obtain increased thermal insulation performance, protection from X-rays, improved characteristics of acoustic comfort inside the room or between the rooms of one building.

 The proposed translucent design in view of the high resistance to heat transfer eliminates the traditional placement of the heating device under the window openings with a translucent design, reduces the power of the heating devices, and in some cases may lead to the absence of the need for a separate heating system.

 The proposed translucent design reduces the risk of complete freezing of the house in case of disconnection from the central heating system or gas supply or electricity, and can also be used in places remote from utilities to increase the autonomy of the building and reduce the need for energy for heating or air conditioning.

The table shows the physical characteristics of the proposed translucent structure.

Table

physical characteristics The proposed translucent design Indicator of heat transfer resistance R, m ² C / W, at a delta temperature of 23.1 C, in the center of the glass unit More than 2.0 Heat transfer coefficient, U, W / m ² C, with a delta temperature of 23.1 C, in the center of the glass unit Less than 0.5 Sound insulation, dB More than 40 X-ray clipping there is The transmission of solar energy,% More than 45

Claims (7)

1. Translucent design containing four glasses: external and internal, spaced in parallel at a distance from each other and connected along the contour with a spacer using a sealant to form three chambers filled with gas, and coating deposited on glass, characterized in that the chambers are filled with a mixture of krypton and argon gases with air, with a residual air content of not more than 10%, while the krypton content is at least 50%, the spacer frames are 8–16 mm wide, and The coated glass is enlightened, while low-emission coatings are located on the inner side of at least two glasses. 2. Translucent design under item 1, characterized in that the outer glass is made of self-cleaning clear glass. 3. Translucent design containing four glasses: external and internal, located in parallel at a distance from each other and connected along the contour with a spacer using a sealant to form three chambers filled with gas, and coating deposited on the glass, characterized in that the chambers are filled with a mixture of krypton and argon gases with air, with a residual air content of not more than 10%, while the krypton content is at least 50%, the spacer frames are 8–16 mm wide, as exterior stacks The glasses were coated with enlightened glass, and the glass used for interior glass was different from coated glass, and the low emission coating was located on the inner side of at least two glasses. 4. Translucent construction according to claim 3, characterized in that the spacer frames are made of a material with a heat loss criterion of Ψ (psi) of not more than 0.04 W / m ° C. 5. Translucent construction according to claim 3, characterized in that the internal glass is made of ordinary window glass. 6. Translucent construction according to claim. 3, characterized in that the internal glass is made of translucent material - film. 7. Translucent design according to claim. 3, characterized in that the outer glass is made of self-cleaning clear glass.

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