RU2800073C1 - Energy saving soundproofing packages - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: energy saving; soundproofing.

SUBSTANCE: modern technologies for energy saving and soundproofing. Energy saving soundproof package or a double-glazed window consists of at least two side walls sealed at the edges with a T-shaped gasket, while between the side walls there is a three-dimensional lattice made of a light-resistant transparent or coloured material, the cells of which are thin-walled hollow prisms without bases, and the edges of the three-dimensional gratings touching the walls of the chambers are sharpened to reduce the area of contact with the walls of the package, which makes it possible to limit the speed of convection flows inside the package and exclude deformation and destruction of the walls.

EFFECT: effective energy saving and soundproofing.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to modern technologies for energy saving and soundproofing.

Known double-glazed windows used in modern window structures, which, to improve energy-saving and noise-insulating properties, have several chambers with significant distances between the walls of the chambers, double-glazed windows, in which low-emission films are applied to the inner sides of the outer glass to reflect infrared radiation in both directions; double-glazed windows, the internal cavities of which are filled with "heavy" inert gases (argon, krypton, xenon, etc.) to improve thermal insulation relative to air, which has a lower specific gravity.

Such double-glazed windows have a large weight, complex design, large installation width, several times more expensive than simple single-chamber double-glazed windows; gas-filled double-glazed windows require periodic refilling due to the high leakage of monatomic gases used to fill the chambers through microscopic cracks in the sealing materials, and the use of vacuum is impossible due to the pressure difference inside and outside the chambers, which leads to deformation and breakage of the chamber walls.

There is a vacuum insulating glass unit consisting of two adjacent sheets of glass, and air is pumped out of the space between them (patents WO 91/02878 and WO 93/15296). Sheets of glass are separated from each other by spacers up to 0.25 mm high and up to 0.4 mm in diameter (pilars) and interconnected along the perimeter by a layer of sealing material (seals). Air is evacuated from the space between panes through a hole in one of the panes.

Such vacuum insulating glass units have not found wide application due to the existence of a number of unresolved practical problems in the field of functionality and serviceability. They are difficult to assemble due to the difficulty of correctly placing the spacers between the panes, damage often occurs in the form of glass breakage, vacuum losses due to the fact that at a large temperature difference (up to 50-60 degrees Celsius) between the outer and inner panes, due to thermal expansion, large shear stresses appear at the joints of the panes, leading to the appearance of a bimetal effect, i.e. curvature of the double-glazed window and the destruction of the sealant material.

There is a double-glazed window (RU 2451147 C 2), where, to eliminate the bimetal effect, a third glass is installed between the two extreme glasses with spacers up to 0.25 mm high, up to 0.4 mm in diameter made of glass or metal between them and meeting special requirements: 0.3 < A1 / A2 < 0.4 , A3 < 0.17 , where A1, A2, A3 are the absorption coefficients of solar radiation of the first, second and middle sheets of glass coated with low-emissivity coatings.

Such double-glazed windows are difficult to manufacture due to the fact that they have a greater weight and cost compared to single-chamber double-glazed windows, they cannot be made in various geometric shapes. when the vacuum is lost, due to the reasons stated above, the double-glazed window completely loses its functionality. for the manufacture of such double-glazed windows, a vacuum chamber of considerable size is required and it is impossible to replace damaged glasses outside the factory.

The objective of the invention and the achieved technical result are: simplifying the design of energy-saving packages by reducing the number of chambers, reducing material consumption, reducing weight and dimensions, improving thermal and sound insulation characteristics, reducing the cost of window and partition structures, increasing their maintainability.

The obtained technical result is achieved by the fact that between the walls of the packages there is a three-dimensional grating made of a light-resistant transparent or colored material, the cells of which are thin-walled hollow prisms without bases, the edges of which are pointed near the bases of the prisms. The shape, dimensions of the cells, the thickness of the material of the volumetric grating partitions are selected in accordance with the operating conditions of the packages. In the option of creating a rarefaction inside the chambers, the thickness of the walls (glasses) of the packages, the thickness and width of the faces of the cells of the volumetric lattice are selected taking into account atmospheric pressure equal to 1 kg / sq. cm and the degree of vacuum created inside the packages. Such a three-dimensional lattice does not interfere with the passage of light into the room and visibility from the room, and different colors of the three-dimensional lattice elements allow you to create different aesthetic types of the product.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings and is as follows:

Fig.1 Lattice element.

1 - Lattice element.

2 - Groove.

4 - Section along A-A.

Fig.2. Glass unit assembled.

3 - Seal.

Fig.3. Cross-sectional glass.

Fig 4. Directions of convection flows in a volumetric lattice cell.

It is known that one of the main components of the thermal conductivity of energy-saving packages is the formation of convection flows of the opposite vertical direction near the internal and external surfaces of the chamber walls, which contributes to the intense transfer of heat and cold through the energy-saving package. The heat transfer component associated with the passage of infrared electromagnetic radiation through the transparent walls of the packages is insignificant due to the low absolute temperature of the radiating objects and the relatively small difference between the temperature of objects located on opposite sides of the energy-saving packages. It should also be taken into account that infrared radiation does not come from the air that is indoors or outdoors, but from heated (above minus 273.15 degrees Celsius) bodies and objects that are indoors and outdoors. This radiation propagates in different directions and only a small part of it hits the window. If we talk about heat loss through a window opening in cold weather, then windows, as a rule, from the side of the room are hung with translucent or thick curtains, blinds, which almost completely block infrared radiation with a wavelength of 9.37-9.7 microns, which corresponds to the radiation of bodies and objects at room temperature (18-27 degrees Celsius), i.e. the heat remains inside the room, respectively, the main heat loss occurs due to convection near the window and the thermal conductivity of the window structure.

Conducted laboratory studies show that with an increase in the distance between the glasses of single-chamber double-glazed windows over 16 mm, there is no improvement in the thermal insulation properties of double-glazed windows, and an increase in the distance between glasses over 24 mm leads to a deterioration in the thermal insulation properties of a double-glazed window due to the acceleration of convection flows in the space between the panes. This is evidenced by the fact that from hermetically closed windows with poor thermal insulation “blowing”, i.e., a convection air flow cooled from the windows and directed downwards is created, which people associate as a draft from the window, although the window is tightly closed.

In the chambers of existing double-glazed windows, due to their significant dimensions in the vertical direction, the speeds of convection flows of the opposite direction near the inner walls of the chambers reach significant values, therefore, due to the vortex formed between the oppositely directed vertical flows, the gas or air in the chambers is mixed at a significant speed, which causes a rapid transfer of heat and cold from one wall of the package (chamber) to another.

The volumetric grating placed between the walls of the chamber, namely its horizontally located elements, reduces the distances for accelerating vertical convection flows in gas or air inside the cells of the volumetric grating, colliding with horizontal elements, vertical microflows lose their speed, respectively, the speed of mixing of the gas in contact with the opposite walls of the package in a single cell also decreases. Moreover, this speed is the smaller, the smaller the vertical size of the cells and the greater the distance between the walls of the chambers, since the small oppositely directed convection flows formed at the vertical walls of the package inside a single cell create a rotational movement of the gas or air inside the cell, as shown in Fig. 4., and in order to reach the opposite wall of the cell, this flow must also pass the horizontal section of the cell, equal to the distance between the walls of the package, which takes additional time, the greater the distance between the walls of the package, which causes an improvement in the thermal insulation properties of the packages as a whole. A three-dimensional grating installed between the walls of the package allows creating a rarefaction inside the chambers, preventing the walls of the package from deforming inward or collapsing if the walls of the chambers are glass, which, in turn, leads to a multiple improvement in the heat-insulating and sound-proof properties of the packages. To reduce the transfer of heat and cold through the grate material, the thermal conductivity of which is higher than that of the air or gas in the chamber, its edges touching the walls of the bags are pointed to reduce the area of contact with the walls of the bag, as shown in Fig. 1, section A-A and Fig. 3.

The heat transfer associated with Brownian motion in gases is negligible and can therefore be neglected.

In ordinary double-glazed windows, the glasses behave like membranes. When sound waves reach them from either side, they create sound vibrations in the gas or air inside the chamber, which, in turn, cause the next wall of the chamber to vibrate and propagate further in the form of sound. This effect is observed the stronger, the thinner the walls of double-glazed windows.

A three-dimensional grating installed between the walls and touching them dampens the vibrations of the package walls, simultaneously creating the effect of their “thickening”, which improves the soundproof properties of the packages.

In a particular case, the grating can be assembled from a tape made of a light-resistant material, for example, plastic, with grooves, as indicated in Fig. 1, made on one side at a selected distance from each other up to half the width of the tape, while the width of the grooves is equal to the thickness of the tape. Tapes inserted with their grooves perpendicular to each other create a rectangular or square volumetric lattice of the required size with a selected cell area.

For double-glazed windows with glasses 4 mm thick at a pressure inside the chamber of 0.4-0.5 kg / sq. cm, the preferred dimensions (length, width) of the cells are 2-3 cm, the thickness of the faces of the volumetric lattice is 1-1.5 mm, the width of the faces of the cells (inter-glass distance) is 8-10 mm. For thicker glasses, the mesh sizes can be increased accordingly. In such double-glazed windows, the bimetal effect does not occur with a significant temperature difference at the inner and outer walls of the double-glazed window due to the fact that the distance between the walls of double-glazed windows is orders of magnitude greater than in the above analogues, and the use of an elastic seal between the glasses prevents the formation of shear stresses.

For single-chamber bags without the use of vacuum, the distance between the panes can vary from 10-16 mm to an expedient (required) value.

In double-glazed windows, glasses with a low-emissivity coating and the method of filling the inter-pane space with inert gases can also be used, when vacuum is not created in the chamber.

To seal the structure along the periphery, a tape T-shaped seal 3 (Fig. 3) made of silicone or another material similar to it in properties is used. When a vacuum is created in the chamber, such a seal under the action of atmospheric pressure is deformed by the walls of the chambers to the thickness of a three-dimensional lattice inserted between the walls of the package, and the T-shaped edges of the seal are pressed against the edges of the chamber walls. In places of change in the direction of the seal, associated with the geometric shape of the energy-saving package, on the side facing the inside of the chamber, a cut is made at the required angle, and it is filled with the appropriate sealant. To prevent damage to the seal, the corners of the bag walls are rounded with a radius of 5 to 10 mm. At the joints, the ends of the sealant are cut out with a special tool for the lock cutout and connected using an appropriate sealant. To create a vacuum inside the bag, a tubular needle, similar to a medical one, is used, with which the seal is pierced anywhere and the air or gas inside the bag is pumped out through it. When the needle is removed, the seal seals itself.

Such heat-insulating and sound-insulating packages can be used as window structures, non-bearing walls of buildings and structures, internal partitions, the outer part of modern fully glazed buildings, saving billions of dollars in costs not only for the construction of structures, but also for their heating and air conditioning.

Claims (3)

1. An energy-saving soundproof package, a double-glazed window, consisting of at least two side walls sealed at the edges and forming a chamber, characterized in that the edges of the side walls are sealed with a T-shaped gasket made of silicone or an elastic material that does not allow air and gases to pass through; at the same time, a three-dimensional grating made of a light-resistant transparent or colored material is installed between the walls of the chamber, and the three-dimensional grating is made of horizontal and vertical elements forming cells that reduce the mixing rate of air or gas in contact with the opposite walls of the chamber in the cells, which are thin-walled hollow prisms without bases, the edges of the three-dimensional grating in contact with the walls of the chamber are pointed. 2. Energy-saving soundproof package, double-glazed window according to claim 1, characterized in that the air or gas in the chamber is rarefied. 3. Energy-saving soundproof package, double-glazed window according to claim 1, characterized in that the cell size of the three-dimensional lattice is 2-3 cm.