RU2694108C1 - Method for determining technical state of internal combustion engines and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to instrument making, in particular, to determination of technical state of internal combustion engines (ICE) with additional equipment by measuring speed-ups of acceleration and coasting, hour fuel consumption, given acceleration harmonics under operating conditions. Method is based on continuous measurement in engine operation cycle with reference to crankshaft turning angle during multiple accelerations without load, as well as coastings, various ICE parameters. Device comprises engine shaft rpm sensors, synchronization and hourly fuel consumption sensors, two level selectors, a unit for differentiating the origin of angular marks, a unit for synchronizing the beginning of the count of angular marks, setting the angular marks of the cylinders, the numbers of the angular marks of the cylinders, the frequency of the measurement, the numbers of the harmonics, level of equilibrium, nominal values of hourly and specific fuel consumption, two differentiators, converter of time interval into code, temporary storage register, units of signal registers and calculation of rotation frequency, unit for storing accelerations and calculating a coefficient of non-uniformity, a clock pulse generator, a unit of digital tunable filters, a computer of average value and maxima, meters of hourly flow rate of fuel, power loss factor for additional equipment, cylinders and engine as a whole with additional equipment and without it, indicator efficiency coefficients of cylinders and engine as a whole, scheme of preparation for operation.

EFFECT: technical result is reduced labour intensity of determining the technical state of internal combustion engines with additional equipment in operating conditions, as well as high accuracy of diagnosing additional standard equipment without dismantling.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of instrumentation and can be used to determine the technical condition of internal combustion engines (ice) with additional standard equipment, in particular, to determine the unevenness of the cylinder and the imbalance of the engine.

There is a method of assessing the irregularity of the internal combustion engine [1], which consists in setting the nominal rotational speed of the engine crankshaft without load, measuring the amplitude of the harmonic component of the angular acceleration of the crankshaft, which coincides with the frequency of the engine operation cycle, and the amplitude of the given harmonic components of the rotational speed, then measure the amplitude of the harmonic component of the angular acceleration of the crankshaft, which coincides with the fourth harmonic of the rotational speed, find the ratios of the amplitudes measured harmonics to the amplitude of this harmonic, after which the engine is loaded and carried out at the nominal frequency of rotation, repeated measurements of the amplitudes of the harmonics and calculate their relationship, and the difference in the ratio under load and at idle rate unevenness.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity and complexity, due to the need for multiple measurements and engine load.

There is a method of estimating the irregularity of the internal combustion engine [2], chosen by us for the prototype and consisting in the fact that during repeated accelerations and engine overruns without load, the average values in the engine operation cycle, as well as on the working stroke of each cylinder, the angular velocity and acceleration of the crank shaft, measure the amplitudes of the specified harmonic components of the acceleration, continuously measured in the acceleration mode from the minimum idling speed to the maximum in the engine cycle with reference to the angle of rotation crankshaft instantaneous values of angular velocity and acceleration of the crankshaft, allocate specified harmonic acceleration components, similarly measure speeds and accelerations in the coasting mode from maximum to minimum rotational speed and when the engine reaches the specified rotational speed, deduct these acceleration components and acceleration of acceleration the average values of the obtained values in each cylinder for the working stroke of its piston and by their ratio judge the degree of irregularity of work of the cylinder moat, and the amplitudes of the harmonic components of the set - on the degree of unbalance of the engine.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity and complexity, low accuracy and accuracy of determining the technical condition of the internal combustion engine under operating conditions caused by the influence of additional standard equipment, the implementation of this method requires the dismantling of this equipment and the installation of internal combustion engines on the test bench.

A device [3] is known for measuring the power of the cylinders of an internal combustion engine, comprising an engine shaft speed sensor, a level selector, a synchronized sensor connected in series, a unit for forming the origin of angular marks of a cycle and a unit for synchronizing the origin of angular marks, a differentiator, a unit for numbers of angular marks of cylinders , indicator, time interval into code converter, temporary storage register, signal register block, unit for calculating the average rotation speed per cycle, h a power measurement frequency sensor, a unit for storing accelerations and calculating the irregularity coefficient, a clock pulse generator, a preparation for operation, the speed sensor being connected to the first signal input of the time converter in the code, the first information and second control outputs of which are connected respectively to the first information and the second control inputs of the temporary storage register, the third control input of which is connected to the output of the synchronization block of the origin of the angular methods k, the output of the temporary storage register is connected to the first signal input of the signal register unit, the second and third control inputs of which are connected respectively to the unit of the corner marks of the cycle and the output of the unit of the numbers of corner marks of the cylinders, one of the outputs of the block of signal registers through the unit calculating the average rotational speed the cycle is connected to one of the inputs of the level selector, the second input of which is connected to the setpoint frequency measurement power, and the output - to the first input setpoint numbers of angular labels of cylinders and the fourth control input of the signal register unit, the second output of the signal register unit is connected to the first signal input of the differentiator, the first output of which is connected to the indicator through the acceleration storage unit and the calculation of the unevenness coefficient, and the second output to the second input of the unit of the angular marks of the cylinders, the second control inputs the time converter in the code and the differentiator are connected to the output of the clock, setting inputs: the third differentiator, the second sync blocks Onionization of the beginning of the counting of the corner marks and the computing unit of the average rotational speed per cycle, the fourth temporary storage register, the fifth block of signal registers are connected to the preparation for work circuit, the time interval to code converter unit contains a write control trigger, two coincidence circuits, a clock counter, and write control counter, the first counting input of the write control trigger is the first signal input of the time interval converter to the code, the output outputs of the control trigger the records are connected respectively to the first inputs of the coincidence circuits, the second inputs of which are interconnected and are the second control input of the time converter to the code, the output of the first coincidence circuit is connected with the first counting input of the clock counter, and the output of the second one, The first output of which is the second control input of the temporary storage register, the second output is connected to the second control input of the clock counter, and the third output is connected to the second one the ruling input of the record control trigger.

A disadvantage of the known device is low accuracy, especially when determining the uneven operation of the cylinders and the imbalance of multi-cylinder engines with an increased unevenness ratio or idle (disconnected) individual cylinders, due to a significant deceleration of the rotation of the crankshaft during working strokes of faulty (low power) or disabled cylinders, which extends to neighboring (according to the distribution diagram of the flashes) cylinders and introduces distortions in the measurement leaving crankshaft accelerations determined work of the cylinders.

A device [2] is known for determining the technical condition of internal combustion engines, chosen by us for the prototype and containing the engine crankshaft speed sensor, the first and second level selectors, the synchronization sensor, the unit for forming the origin of the angle marks, the synchronization unit for the origin of the angle marks, setting devices angular cycle labels and cylinder angular label numbers, indicator, first and second differentiators, time interval to code converter, temporary storage register, register blocks signal and calculation of the average rotational speed per cycle, frequency measurement power setting unit, harmonic number and unbalance level setting unit, acceleration storage unit and unevenness calculation, clock generator, preparation for work circuit, tunable digital filter unit, average value calculator and maxima, moreover, the rotational speed sensor is connected with the first signal input of the time interval converter to the code, the first informational and second control outputs of which are soy dinene, respectively, with the first information and second control inputs of the temporary storage register, the third control input of which is connected to the output of the synchronization block of the origin of the corner marks, the output of the temporary storage register is connected to the first signal input of the signal register block, the second and third control inputs of which are connected respectively to the setting device corner marks of the cycle and the output of the dial of numbers of angular marks of the cylinders, one of the outputs of the block of signal registers through the block calculating the average value of h Frequency cycle is connected to one of the inputs of the first level selector, the second input of which is connected to the frequency measurement power control unit, and the output is connected to the first input of the cylinder angle mark number generator and to the fourth control input of the signal register block, the second output of the signal register block is connected to the first the signal input of the first differentiator, the first output of which is connected to the first input of the indicator through the block for storing accelerations and calculating the irregularity coefficient, and the second output to the second input of the setpoint generator the main cylinder marks, the second control inputs of the time converter into the code and the first differentiator are connected to the output of the clock generator, the installation inputs: the third of the first differentiator, the second synchronization block of the starting point of the angular marks and the computing unit of the average speed for a cycle, the fourth temporary storage register , the fifth block of signal registers is connected to the preparatory circuit for operation, and the synchronization sensor is connected in series with the initial formation unit o counting the corner marks and the synchronization block of the start of the counting of the corner marks, the output of the signal register unit through the second differentiator is connected to the first input of the tunable digital filter block, the second and third inputs of which are connected respectively to the outputs of the unit of the angular marks number of the cylinders and the cycle, the fourth input of which is connected to the setpoint generator of harmonics, and the output is connected to the input of the mean and maximum calculator, the first and second outputs of which are connected They are unused with the second inputs of the acceleration storage unit and the calculation of the unevenness coefficient and the second level selector, the first input of which is connected to the unbalance level adjuster, the output is connected to the second indicator input.

A disadvantage of the known device is the low accuracy of determining the technical condition of the internal combustion engine, especially when determining the unevenness of the cylinders and the imbalance of multi-cylinder engines in operating conditions with an increased coefficient of unevenness or non-working (disconnected) individual cylinders, due to slowing down of the crankshaft rotation and also because of the increase in mechanical losses, possibly different in the working sections of the cylinders, which are caused by additional m standard equipment that introduces distortions in the measurement of the components of the accelerations of the crankshaft, determined by the operation of these cylinders.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to reduce the complexity and improve the accuracy of diagnosis when determining the technical condition of internal combustion engines with additional equipment in operating conditions.

The proposed technical solution compared with the prototype allows in operating conditions to significantly reduce the complexity of determining the technical condition of internal combustion engines with additional equipment in operating conditions, in particular, uneven operation and unbalance of multi-cylinder engines by improving the accuracy of diagnosis by eliminating the influence of additional equipment, making measuring the components of the crankshaft accelerations determined the work of these cylinders. In addition, the proposed technical solution allows in operational conditions to improve the accuracy of diagnosing additional standard equipment without dismantling it.

The task in the method is solved by the fact that during multiple accelerations from the minimum idling speed to the maximum without load in the work cycle, as well as at the working stroke of each engine cylinder with additional equipment, the crankshaft angle is continuously measured at the crankshaft angle, as well as the instantaneous values of the angular velocity and the acceleration of the crankshaft, emit the specified harmonic components of acceleration, including the harmonic components of acceleration caused by unbalance with harmonized regular forces and moments, these harmonic components are subtracted from acceleration of acceleration, determine the average values of the values obtained in each cylinder for the stroke of its piston, as well as in the engine cycle, when the engine reaches the specified rotational speed, determine the hourly fuel consumption fuel measured and characteristic of the engine in the normal technical condition determine the power loss factor for additional equipment, include the average values of gender The acceleration values in each cylinder for the working stroke of its piston, as well as in the engine cycle, to this coefficient and the ratio of the obtained values judge the distribution of effective power over the cylinders, and the amplitudes of the measured given harmonic components - the degree of unbalance of the engine with additional equipment , with multiple run-ups from maximum to minimum idling speed without load in the work cycle, as well as at the working stroke of each cylinder, engine with additional The instantaneous angular velocities and accelerations of the crankshaft are continuously measured with reference to the angle of rotation of the crankshaft, and when the engine reaches a predetermined rotational speed these accelerations of the acceleration in each cylinder determine the average values of the obtained accelerations in each cylinder , as well as in the cycle of the engine, the ratio of these values is judged on the distribution of the indicator power cylinders.

With multiple accelerations from the minimum idling speed to maximum without load, the engine’s running time with additional equipment, as well as at the working stroke of each cylinder, with a reference to the angle of rotation of the crankshaft, continuously measure the instantaneous values of the angular velocity and acceleration of the crankshaft; acceleration components, including harmonic acceleration components, caused by unbalanced regular forces and moments, similarly measure speeds and accelerations rhenium in the overrun mode from maximum to minimum speed and when the engine reaches a predetermined rotational speed subtracts these harmonic components from acceleration of acceleration, determines the average values of the obtained acceleration values in each cylinder for its piston stroke, as well as in the engine operation cycle, acceleration accelerations and the sum of these accelerations and accelerations in coasting mode at the working stroke of each engine cylinder with additional equipment determine the mechanical coefficient of the useful The actions of each cylinder, and the mechanical efficiency of the engine as a whole with additional equipment determine by a similar ratio in the cycle, the mechanical efficiency factors of each cylinder and the engine as a whole without additional equipment determine the mechanical efficiency factors obtained for the additional equipment , on the inverse of the multiplied specific fuel consumption characteristic of the engine in normal technology the overall condition, and the obtained mechanical efficiency of each cylinder and the engine as a whole without additional equipment, determine the indicator efficiency of each cylinder and the engine as a whole without additional equipment, by the deviation of the obtained mechanical efficiency factors of the additional equipment, as well as mechanical and indicator efficiency factors the action of the cylinder and the engine as a whole without additional equipment, from similar values, arakternyh motor in the normal condition, judging the technical state change accordingly additional equipment, cylinders and engine as a whole.

With multiple accelerations from the minimum idling speed to maximum without load, the cycle fuel supply through sections of the fuel pump, as well as with the rotation angle of the crankshaft, instantaneous angular velocities and acceleration of the crankshaft is continuously measured at no load at the working stroke of each engine cylinder. , allocate the specified harmonic components of acceleration, similarly measure the speeds and accelerations in the run-up mode from the maximum to the minimum frequency of rotation. When the engine reaches a predetermined rotational speed, these harmonic components are subtracted from the acceleration acceleration, determine the average values of the obtained acceleration values in each cylinder for the working stroke of its piston, in relation to the acceleration acceleration obtained and the sum of this acceleration and acceleration in the coastline mode during each cycle engine with additional equipment determine the mechanical efficiency of each cylinder, when the engine reaches a predetermined rotational speed, determine qi the fuel supply in sections of the fuel pump, the ratio of cyclic fuel supply in sections of the fuel pump measured and characteristic of the engine in the normal technical condition determine the mechanical efficiency of the additional equipment, multiply the average values of the obtained acceleration values in each cylinder for its piston stroke coefficient and the obtained values of the accelerations determine the dynamic power of individual cylinders, their ratio is judged on the degree of uneven the cylinder operation, and on the amplitudes of the given harmonic components - on the degree of engine imbalance, in relation to the obtained mechanical efficiency of each cylinder and the mechanical efficiency of the additional equipment determine the mechanical efficiency of each cylinder without additional equipment, inversely multiplied by specific fuel consumption characteristic of the engine in normal technical condition, and the resulting mechanical The total efficiencies of each cylinder and the engine as a whole without additional equipment determine the indicator efficiencies of each cylinder and the engine as a whole without additional equipment, by the deviation of the obtained mechanical efficiencies of the additional equipment, as well as the mechanical and indicator efficiencies of the cylinders and engine whole without additional equipment, from these values characteristic of the engine in normal technical It is judged that a change in the technical state of the additional equipment, the cylinders and the engine as a whole is being judged.

The task in the device is solved by the fact that the hourly fuel consumption sensor, connected in series with the hourly fuel consumption meter, setting devices for the nominal hourly and specific fuel consumption meters, the meter of the power loss coefficient for additional equipment, the meters of mechanical coefficients of cylinders and engine as a whole with and without additional equipment, indicator of efficiency indicators of the cylinder ndr and engine as a whole without additional equipment, a divider, and three additional inputs are entered into the indicator, the rotational speed sensor is connected to the first signal input of the time interval converter in the code, the first information and second control outputs of which are connected respectively to the first information and second control inputs the temporary storage register, the third control input of which is connected to the output of the synchronization block of the origin of the corner marks, the output of the temporary storage register n with the first signal input of the signal register block, the second and third control inputs of which are connected respectively with the unit of the corner marks of the cycle and the output of the unit of the numbers of the corner marks of the cylinders, one of the outputs of the block of signal registers through the unit for calculating the average value of the frequency for the cycle the level selector, the second input of which is connected to the frequency measurement power frequency setting device, and the output to the first input of the cylinder corner number marker and the fourth control input of the block register signal level, the second output of the signal register unit is connected to the first signal input of the first differentiator, the second output of which is connected to the second input of the cylinder angular label number generator, the second control inputs of the time interval converter to the code and the first differentiator are connected to the output of the clock generator, the output of the storage unit accelerations and calculating the coefficient of unevenness associated with the first input of the indicator, the installation inputs: the third of the first differentiator, the second synchronization unit on Ala of counting of angular tags and the computing unit of the average rotational speed per cycle, the fourth temporary storage register, the fifth block of signal registers are connected to the pre-operation circuit, the synchronization sensor is sequentially connected to the unit of forming the origin of the angular marks and the synchronizing block of the origin of the angular marks the output of the signal register block through the second differentiator is connected to the first input of the tunable digital filter block, the second and third inputs of which are connected respectively to outputs of the unit of numbers of angular marks of cylinders and the unit for calculating the average rotational speed per cycle, the fourth input of which is connected to the unit of numbers of harmonics, and the output - with the input of the average value and maximum calculator, the first and second outputs of which are connected to the second inputs of the acceleration storage unit coefficient of unevenness and the second level selector, the first input of which is connected to the imbalance level adjuster, the output to the second input of the indicator, the output of the hour meter flow top Leva is connected to the first input of the power loss factor meter for additional equipment, the second input of which is connected to the unit of nominal hourly fuel consumption, the output to the second input of the divider, the first input of the mechanical efficiency meter of the cylinders and the engine as a whole without additional equipment and to the third the input of the indicator, the output of the divider is connected to the first input of the unit for storing accelerations and calculating the unevenness coefficient, and the first input is connected to the first output of the first differentiator, the first output of which is connected to the second input of the mechanical efficiency indicator of the cylinders and the engine as a whole without additional equipment through the mechanical efficiency meter of the cylinders and the engine without additional equipment, the output of which is connected to the fourth indicator input and the first indicator input indicator the efficiency of the cylinders and the engine as a whole without additional equipment, the second input of which is connected to unit of the nominal value of fuel consumption, and the output - with the fifth input of the indicator, the second input of the hour fuel meter is connected to the output of the first level selector, the third control inputs of the hour fuel meter, the power loss factor meter for additional equipment, the divider, the mechanical factor meter useful actions of the cylinders and the engine as a whole without additional equipment, measuring the mechanical efficiencies of the cylinders and the engine For the whole, with additional equipment, the indicator of the efficiency of the cylinders and the engine as a whole, without additional equipment, are connected to the output of the preparation for work scheme.

и

, где H_u – низшая теплота сгорания топлива (кДж/кг). ДВС с таким состоянием, установленный на трактор, комбайн, автомобиль, агрегатированный с генератором или с рабочей машиной, имеет эксплуатационную номинальную эффективную мощность

, которая меньше мощности N_е=G_т/g_е на величину мощности потерь

, затрачиваемой на привод дополнительного оборудования на холостых режимах (гидронасосы, первичный и промежуточные валы коробок главной передачи и отбора мощности, гидротрансформаторы, гидромуфты, компрессоры, ведомые шкивы, шестерни, передачи, карданы для привода навесного оборудования и пр.), а также общий механический КПД

и коэффициент потерь мощности на дополнительное оборудование

:ICE with a normal technical condition has the nominal power values: effective N _e , internal losses N _mp (mainly friction) and indicator N _i = N _e + N _mp ; hourly fuel consumption G _t and specific fuel consumption g _e ; mechanical and indicator efficiencies (efficiencies)

and

where H _u is the net calorific value of the fuel (kJ / kg). ICE with such a state, mounted on a tractor, combine, car, aggregated with a generator or with a working machine, has an operational rated effective power

which is less than the power N _e = G _t / g _e on the magnitude of the power loss

spent on the drive for additional equipment at idle modes (hydraulic pumps, primary and intermediate shafts of the main transmission and power take-off boxes, torque converters, hydraulic couplings, compressors, driven pulleys, gears, gears, cardans for the drive of attached equipment, etc.), as well as general mechanical Efficiency

and power loss factor for optional equipment

:

и его решениеGiven formulas (1), we obtain an equation to determine

and his decision

(частоты вращения) определяются зависимостями:In the free acceleration (without load) the dynamic power of the engine (on the test bench) and the engine with additional equipment (under operating conditions) when the specified angular velocity is reached

(rotational speeds) are determined by dependencies:

- приведенные к валу ДВС моменты инерции ДВС с отсутствием и при наличии дополнительного оборудования;

- средние значения за цикл двигателя ускорения коленчатого вала в свободном разгоне с отсутствием и при наличии дополнительного оборудования;

– среднее значение за цикл двигателя угловой скорости коленчатого вала ДВС.Where

- moments of inertia of the internal combustion engine reduced to the shaft of the internal combustion engine with and without the presence of additional equipment;

- average values per cycle of the engine acceleration of the crankshaft in the free acceleration with the absence and in the presence of additional equipment;

- the average value for the engine cycle, the angular velocity of the crankshaft of the engine.

In the free acceleration mode, the angular acceleration of the engine crankshaft with additional equipment (under operating conditions) is determined by the dependencies:

+

– индикаторная,

– инерционная, М_Т – внутренних потерь (преимущественно трения), М_обор - дополнительного оборудования;

и

- компрессионная и газовая составляющие индикаторного момента;

- регулярная и остаточная составляющие инерционного момента; составляющие углового ускорения:

- компрессионная, газовая, инерционная регулярная и инерционная остаточная, внутренних потерь и дополнительного оборудования (с индексом «1» - для одного цилиндра);

- угловое ускорение коленчатого вала, в интервале работы одного цилиндра; i_ц – число цилиндров; ξ_т - угол сдвига по фазе между термодинамическими составляющими, зависящий от компоновки ДВС; ζ_m – угол сдвига по фазе между инерционными составляющими, зависящий от конструктивного расположения кривошипно-шатунных механизмов.de components of torque: M _i =

+

- indicator,

- inertial, _MT - internal losses (mainly friction), M _equipment - additional equipment;

and

- compression and gas components of the indicator moment;

- regular and residual components of the inertial moment; components of angular acceleration:

- compression, gas, regular inertial and inertial residual, internal losses and additional equipment (with the index "1" - for one cylinder);

- angular acceleration of the crankshaft, in the interval of one cylinder; i _C - the number of cylinders; ξ _t is the phase angle between the thermodynamic components, depending on the arrangement of the internal combustion engine; ζ _m is the phase angle between inertial components, depending on the constructive arrangement of the crank mechanism.

:Since the work processes in the cylinder of a four-stroke internal combustion engine occupy an interval of 180 ^{o in a} crankshaft angle of rotation, selecting instantaneous values (impulses) of acceleration at the corresponding interval in the angle of PKV relative to the reference point, for example, TDC of the first cylinder, you can get the acceleration component for controlled cylinder

:

The dynamic power of the internal combustion engine (3) determined in the acceleration mode without load depends on the power of the individual cylinders:

- мощности, создаваемые отдельными цилиндрами без дополнительного оборудования и с ним; ускорения

также определяются на интервалах (5).Where

- power generated by individual cylinders without and with additional equipment; acceleration

also defined on intervals (5).

ДВС с дополнительным оборудованием (в эксплуатационных условиях) определяются зависимостями:Similar to (3), (6) in the free coast of power N _m. ICE (on the test bench) and

Internal combustion engines with additional equipment (under operating conditions) are determined by dependencies:

- средние значения за цикл двигателя ускорения коленчатого вала в свободном выбеге с отсутствием и при наличии дополнительного оборудования

; ε_обор – составляющая ускорения коленчатого вала в свободном выбеге, образуемая за счет дополнительного оборудования (с индексом «1» - для одного цилиндра;

- мощности механических потерь отдельных цилиндров;

- средние значения за цикл двигателя ускорения коленчатого вала в свободном выбеге с отсутствием и при наличии дополнительного оборудования для отдельных цилиндров

, определяемые на одних и тех же интервалах, что и (5):Where

- average values per cycle of the engine acceleration of the crankshaft in the free coasting with the absence and in the presence of additional equipment

; ε _equipment - component of the crankshaft acceleration in free coasting, formed by additional equipment (with the index "1" - for one cylinder;

- mechanical losses of individual cylinders;

- average values per cycle of the engine acceleration of the crankshaft in free coasting with the absence and in the presence of additional equipment for individual cylinders

determined at the same intervals as (5):

Taking into account the formulas (1) ... (8)

- механический КПД цилиндра общий (с дополнительным оборудованием), механический КПД цилиндра (без дополнительного оборудования), индикаторный КПД цилиндра (без дополнительного оборудования).Where

- mechanical efficiency of the cylinder overall (with additional equipment), mechanical efficiency of the cylinder (without additional equipment), indicator efficiency of the cylinder (without additional equipment).

In the prototype, it is shown that in the acceleration mode of the engine without load it is loaded by its own resistance forces and with uneven operation of the cylinders, as well as with increased imbalance, in the angular acceleration of the crankshaft of multi-cylinder engines appear components ε _g with frequencies

where ϕ _C - the angle of rotation of the crankshaft for the cycle of the engine; ϕ _CV - the angle of alternation of flashes between adjacent groups of two or more cylinders (the number of groups in the engine cycle is even); f _c is the frequency of the cycle of operation of the internal combustion engine (for four-stroke internal combustion engines f _c = 0.5f, f is the frequency of rotation of the crankshaft, Hz); K is the number of the harmonic component.

, соответствующие неуравновешенным регулярным инерционным составляющим растут в квадрате от угловой скорости (4) и при номинальной частоте вращения могут превысить уровень индикаторной составляющей углового ускорения. Например, у двигателя компоновки 4-Р не уравновешены полностью силы инерции второго порядка, которые образуют составляющую ускорения

, кратную второй гармонике частоты вращения. Кроме того, у ДВС всех компоновок имеются конструктивные остаточные неуравновешенные силы и моменты, которые образуют составляющую ускорения

, кратную первой гармонике частоты вращения. Поэтому кроме гармоник ускорения f_к необходимо у всех двигателей выделять составляющую ускорения

, кратную первой гармонике частоты вращения f_ин1, а у двигателя компоновки 4-Р – также и составляющую ускорения

, кратную второй гармонике частоты вращения f_ин2. Все эти гармоники проявляются и в стационарном режиме работы ДВС под нагрузкой.At the same time, for all considered engine layouts, the harmonic numbers f _to do not exceed the 3rd harmonic (for engine layouts: 4-P - 0.5th and 1st harmonics; 6-P and 6-V - 0.5th and 1.5th harmonics; 8th V - 0.5th and 2nd harmonics; 12th V - 0.5th, 1st and 3rd harmonics), etc. Harmonic is the same acceleration, multiple The 4th harmonic of the rotational speed reflects the active processes of fuel combustion and the creation of positive torque. Acceleration harmonics

, the corresponding unbalanced regular inertial components grow in a square from the angular velocity (4) and at the nominal speed of rotation may exceed the level of the indicator component of the angular acceleration. For example, in a 4-P engine, the inertia forces of the second order are not fully balanced, which form the acceleration component

a multiple of the second harmonic speed. In addition, the internal combustion engines of all layouts have constructive residual unbalanced forces and moments that form the acceleration component

multiple to the first harmonic frequency. Therefore, in addition to the harmonics of acceleration f _to, it is necessary for all engines to separate the component of acceleration

a multiple of the first harmonic of the rotation frequency f _in1 , and in the 4-P layout engine, also the acceleration component

multiple to the second harmonic of the rotation frequency f _in2 . All these harmonics are manifested in stationary mode of operation of the engine under load.

When the number of cylinders is more than 4, the unevenness of operation of the cylinders is increased, and especially if there are one or more non-working (including those disconnected in any way) cylinders, there is a sharp deceleration of the engine in areas of defective (or non-working) cylinders, leading to a significant reduction in angular speed (failure speed) in these areas. As a result, when measuring accelerations in acceleration in areas of working strokes of neighboring cylinders and determining the distribution of power across the cylinders, the measurement error sharply increases, which leads to a significant decrease in the accuracy of engine diagnostics.

To reduce this error, it is necessary from the full acceleration of acceleration when the engine with the additional equipment reaches the specified rotational speed with the reference to the rotation angle of the crankshaft acceleration components that are multiples of the given harmonics, including the harmonic corresponding to the unbalanced regular inertial component, which are characteristic of this engine . Then it is necessary to subtract them algebraically from the acceleration values obtained at these parts in acceleration, to determine the average values of the obtained processes at the corresponding parts of the working strokes of the cylinders. These values of accelerations are attributed to the coefficient of power losses for additional equipment. Determine the coefficient of non-uniformity of the effective power of the engine with additional equipment according to the formula:

- максимальное и минимальное значения ускорений, определенных на участках работы цилиндров в разгоне:

; черта сверху означает усреднение ускорений, измеренных в разгоне на соответствующих участках работы цилиндров. Where

- the maximum and minimum values of accelerations determined on the parts of the cylinders in acceleration:

; the bar above means the averaging of the accelerations measured during acceleration in the corresponding parts of the cylinder work.

The level of amplitudes of harmonics f _k acceleration (k is the number of emitted harmonics of acceleration for the layout of the test engine) reflects the degree of imbalance of the engine with additional equipment, especially increasing when part of the cylinders is disconnected in any way in case of engine underload. An engine of this brand always has permissible residual unbalanced forces and moments caused by structural and technological factors. Additional equipment increases the mechanical losses of the engine, as well as unbalanced forces and moments. This leads to a decrease in the amplitudes of the measured accelerations in acceleration at the working stroke of each cylinder and in the engine cycle with additional standard equipment, as well as to their increase in coasting mode. In addition, additional acceleration harmonics appear. The level of permissible unbalance of the engine with additional standard equipment during its testing can be set by setting the permissible amplitudes of the harmonics f _K acceleration. Exceeding this level indicates an increased imbalance of the engine with additional equipment.

To determine the distribution of the indicator power over the engine cylinders with additional equipment, the average acceleration values of the cylinders are also measured in the overrun mode during working cycles, they are subtracted algebraically from the accelerations obtained in the overclocking mode and the unevenness coefficient is determined from them:

- максимальное и минимальное средние значения ускорений, определенных на участках работы цилиндров в разгоне и выбеге:

;Where

- the maximum and minimum average values of the accelerations determined on the parts of the cylinders in acceleration and coasting:

;

The inventive method is carried out in the following sequence.

Continuously measure with multiple accelerations from the minimum idling speed to the maximum without load in the engine cycle with additional standard equipment, as well as at the working stroke of each cylinder, with the crankshaft angle linked, the instantaneous values of the angular velocity and acceleration of the crankshaft, as well as hourly fuel consumption. Allocate the specified harmonic components of acceleration, including harmonic components of acceleration, caused by unbalanced regular forces and moments. When the engine with the additional standard equipment reaches the specified rotational speed, these harmonic components are subtracted from the acceleration acceleration. Determine the average values of the obtained values in each cylinder for the working stroke of its piston, as well as in the engine cycle. When the engine reaches the specified speed, the hourly fuel consumption is determined. The ratio of hourly fuel consumption measured and characteristic of the engine in the normal technical condition determine the coefficient of power loss for additional equipment. The average values of the obtained values of accelerations in each cylinder during the working stroke of its piston, as well as in the engine cycle, relate to this coefficient and the ratio of the obtained values to the distribution of effective power over the cylinders, and the amplitudes of the measured given harmonic components - the degree of engine imbalance with additional equipment. With multiple run-ups from maximum to minimum idle speed without load in the work cycle, as well as at the working stroke of each cylinder, the engine with additional equipment is continuously measured with the crankshaft angle referenced to the instantaneous values of the angular velocity and acceleration of the crankshaft. Subtract these accelerations from the acceleration of the acceleration of the crankshaft. Determine the average values of the obtained values of accelerations in each cylinder for the working stroke of its piston, as well as in the cycle of the engine, the ratio of the obtained values is judged on the distribution of the indicator power in the cylinders.

Continuously measure with multiple accelerations from the minimum idling speed to maximum without load in the engine operation cycle with additional equipment, as well as at the working stroke of each cylinder, with the crankshaft angle referenced to the instantaneous values of the angular velocity and acceleration of the crankshaft. Allocate the specified harmonic components of acceleration, including harmonic components of acceleration, caused by unbalanced regular forces and moments. Similarly, speeds and accelerations are measured in the coasting mode from the maximum to the minimum rotational speed, and when the engine reaches the specified rotational speed, these harmonic components are subtracted from the acceleration acceleration. Determine the average values of the obtained values of the accelerations in each cylinder during the working stroke of its piston, as well as in the cycle of the engine. The mechanical efficiency coefficient of each cylinder is determined by the ratio of acceleration accelerations obtained and the sum of these accelerations and accelerations in the overrun mode at the working stroke of each cylinder of the engine with additional equipment, and the mechanical efficiency of the engine as a whole with the additional equipment is determined by a similar ratio in the cycle. The mechanical efficiency of each cylinder and the engine as a whole, without additional equipment, is determined by the ratio of the obtained mechanical efficiencies and the coefficient of power loss to the additional equipment. By the inverse of the multiplied specific fuel consumption characteristic of the engine in normal technical condition, and the resulting mechanical efficiency of each cylinder and the engine as a whole without additional equipment, the indicator efficiency factors of each cylinder and the engine as a whole without additional equipment are determined. The deviation of the obtained power loss factor for additional equipment, mechanical and indicator efficiency of the cylinders and the engine as a whole without additional equipment, from these values characteristic of the engine in a normal technical condition, is judged to change the technical state of the corresponding equipment, cylinders and engine in whole

The device (figure) contains a speed sensor 1, a time interval converter in code 2, a temporary storage register 3, a synchronization sensor 4, a unit for forming the beginning of the counting of angular marks, a unit 6 for synchronizing the beginning of the counting of the angular marks, a unit 7 for the signal registers, the setting unit 8 cycle labels, unit 9 numbers of angular marks of cylinders, unit 10 for calculating the average rotational speed per cycle, first level selector 11, unit 12 for power measurement frequency, first differentiator 13, unit 14 for storing accelerations and calculating I non-uniformity coefficient, indicator 15, clock pulse generator 16, preparatory scheme for operation 17, second differentiator 18, block of digital tunable filters 19, unit for harmonic number 20, calculator of mean and maximum 21, second level selector 22, unbalance level adjuster 23, 24 hour fuel consumption sensor connected in series with a 25 hour fuel consumption meter, hourly 27 and specific fuel consumption nominal adjusters of 32, additional power loss meter equipment 26, meters of mechanical efficiency of the cylinders and the engine as a whole with and without additional equipment 30, 29, indicator of the efficiency of the cylinders and the engine as a whole without accessories 31, divider 28, and indicator 15 has three additional inputs.

Block 2 of the time interval into code converter consists of a recording control trigger, two coincidence circuits, a clock counter, a recording control counter. The unit 10 for calculating the average rotational speed per cycle is a microprocessor system containing an input register, a common bus, a central processor, random access memory (RAM), a timer, a persistent storage (ROM), a control device (address decoder). The speed sensor 1 is connected to the first signal input of the time converter 2 in the code, the first information and second control outputs of which are connected respectively to the first information and second control inputs of the temporary storage register 3. The third control input of the register 3 through series-connected block 6 synchronization of the beginning of the counting of the corner marks and block 5 of the formation of the beginning of the counting of the corner marks is connected with the sensor 4 synchronization. The output of the register 3 is connected to the first signal input of the signal register unit 7, the second and third control inputs of which are connected respectively to the setting unit 8 of the corner marks of the cycle and the output of the setpoint adjuster 9 of the numbers of the corner marks of the cylinders. One of the outputs of block 7 is connected via block 10 to calculate the average rotational speed per cycle with one of the inputs of the first level selector 11, the second input of which is connected to the unit 12 of the power measurement frequency, and the output to the first input of the unit 9 numbers of the angular marks of the cylinders and the fourth control input block 7 registers. The second output of the register block 7 is connected to the first signal input of the first digital differentiator 13, the first output of which is connected to the indicator 15 via the block 14 for storing accelerations and calculating the unevenness coefficient, and the second output to the second input of the regulator 9. The second control inputs of the converter 2 and the first differentiator 13 connected to the clock pulse generator 16. The third control input of the first differentiator 13, the second control inputs of the unit 10 for calculating the average rotational speed and the synchronization unit 6, is set The main inputs: the fourth register 3 and the fifth block of registers 7 are connected to the preparation circuit 17. The outputs of the inverter 2 are connected to the signal and second control inputs of the register 3. The output of the meter 25 hours fuel consumption is connected to the first input of the meter 26 of the power loss ratio for additional equipment, the second input of which is connected to the unit 27 of the nominal value of the hour fuel consumption, output to the second input divider 28, the first input of the mechanical efficiency meter of the cylinders and the engine as a whole without additional equipment 29 and with the third input of the indicator 15. Output The body 28 is connected to the first input of the block 14 for storing accelerations and calculating the irregularity coefficient, and the first input is connected to the first output of the first differentiator 13, the first output of which is connected to the second input of the mechanical meter through the meter 30 of the mechanical coefficients of the cylinders and the engine as a whole. the efficiency of the cylinders and the engine as a whole without additional equipment 29, the output of which is connected to the fourth input of the indicator 15 and the first input measure I tracer efficiencies cylinders and engine as a whole without additional equipment 31, a second input coupled to a nominal value setter 32 specific fuel consumption, and an output - to a fifth input indikatora15. The second input of the meter 25 hours of fuel consumption is connected to the output of the first level selector 11. Third control inputs of the meter 25 hours of fuel consumption, meter 26 of the power loss factor for additional equipment, divider 28, meter 29 of the mechanical efficiencies of the cylinders and the engine as a whole without additional equipment , gauge 30 mechanical efficiency of cylinders and the engine as a whole with additional equipment, gauge 31 indicator coefficients field The hot action of the cylinders and the engine as a whole, without additional equipment, is connected to the output of the preparation circuit 17 for operation.

The rotational speed sensor 1 forms standard impulses, the frequency of occurrence of which is proportional to the angular velocity of the shaft rotation ω, the number N _ϕ - the angle of rotation ϕ of the engine crankshaft. The sequence of these pulses is converted in the converter 2 of the time interval into a code into a sequence of numbers (codes), which through the temporary storage register 3 are successively fed to the information input of the signal register unit 7. The synchronization sensor 4 generates one pulse per cycle of engine operation (for a four-stroke internal combustion engine, over 720 °). The moment of occurrence of the synchronization pulse corresponds to a specific moment of the cycle. Unit 5 of the formation of the origin of the corner marks marks the front edge of the pulse of the sensor 4 synchronization. If the control input of the synchronization block 6 of the corner marks is a signal "0", from its output to the third control input of the temporary storage register 3 a signal prohibits the recording of information in this register. If a pulse signal "1" is received at the control input of block 6, then with the arrival of the first pulse from block 5, a potential appears at the output of block b, which allows writing information to register 3. Then the first number corresponding to the first time interval from converter 2 is written to register 3. The incoming time interval codes from converter 2 through register 3 are written alternately in block 7 of the signal registers. The number of recorded codes is determined by the number of corner marks per engine cycle (for a four-stroke internal combustion engine, it is equal to twice the number Z of corner marks on the crankshaft), i.e. the number of registers, permission to write to which 8 corner marks of the cycle came from the setter. The information stored in block 7 comes from the first output to block 10 for calculating the average rotational speed per cycle and from the second output to the first signal input of the first digital differentiator 13. The number code corresponding to the average rotational speed per cycle is fed to the first input the first level selector 11, where it is compared with the code set by the generator 12 of the power measurement frequency. The first level selector 11 continuously monitors the variable rotational speed in acceleration and records the time when the engine reaches the setpoint frequency n _op , at which the engine power is required to be determined. This moment corresponds to the signal at the output of the first selector 11, which is fed to the fourth control input of block 7 of registers and stops recording information in the registers of block 7 and the meter 25 hours of fuel consumption. Thus, in block 7 of the registers stored numbers corresponding to 2Z (or 4Z) time intervals between adjacent corner marks, and in the meter 25 code hour fuel consumption. In accordance with the numbers of corner marks on the beginning of N _ϕн and the end of N _{ϕ to} each cylinder on the first differentiator 13, the corresponding codes are fed to the first differentiator 13 and the accelerations are calculated on the sections of working strokes of the cylinders using the known formulas. The conversion of time intervals by the transducer 2 and the control of the differentiator 13 is carried out using a generator of 16 clock pulses. The acceleration and overrun codes calculated by block 13 are fed to the divider 28 or, via it, directly to the block 14 for storing accelerations and calculating the irregularity coefficient. Information from block 7 of the signal registers arriving at block 10 for calculating the average rotational speed is simultaneously fed to the first information input of the second digital differentiator 18, the second control input of which is connected to the clock pulse generator 16. The codes of the instantaneous acceleration values of the crankshaft calculated by the second differentiator 18 the cycle of the engine is fed to the first information input of the block 19 digital tunable filters. Signals are sent to the control inputs of block 19: to the second - from the output of the dial of numbers of angular marks of cylinders, to the third - from the output of block 10 to calculate the average rotational speed per cycle, to the fourth - from the dial of harmonics. In accordance with these control signals in block 19, the filters are rebuilt to harmonic acceleration numbers corresponding to the layout of the engine under test and unbalanced regular forces and moments that are multiples of a given rotation frequency, extracting the corresponding harmonics from the total crankshaft acceleration signal, temporarily memorizing samples of these instantaneous values harmonics according to the numbers of the angular marks of the cylinders and their transfer to the information input of the calculator 21 of the mean value and maxima in The torus calculates the average values of the harmonics f _to , f _in1 and f _in2 on the sections of the working strokes of the cylinders and the maximum values (amplitudes) of these harmonics. From the first output of the calculator 21, the average values of the harmonics in the sections of the working strokes of the cylinders are fed to the second information input of the acceleration storage unit 14 and the calculation of the irregularity coefficient.

(общие КПД). С выхода измерителя 30 коды полученных значений этих механических КПД подаются на второй вход измерителя 29, в котором по зависимостям (9) определяются механические коэффициенты полезного действия цилиндров и двигателя в целом без дополнительного оборудования

(собственно двигателя). С выхода измерителя 29 механических коэффициентов полезного действия цилиндров и двигателя в целом без дополнительного оборудования коды этих КПД поступают на первый вход измерителя 31, на второй вход которого подаются значения кода с задатчика 32 номинального значения удельного расхода топлива. В измерителе 31 по зависимостям (9) определяются индикаторные коэффициенты полезного действия цилиндров и двигателя в целом

. Значения кодов коэффициента потерь мощности на дополнительное оборудование

, коэффициентов полезного действия цилиндров и двигателя в целом без дополнительного оборудования

, а также индикаторных коэффициентов полезного действия цилиндров и двигателя в целом

, с выходов измерителей 26, 29 и 31 соответственно подаются на третий, четвертый и пятый входы индикатора 15 соответственно.When the engine reaches a predetermined rotational speed using the sensor 24 and the meter 25 determine the hourly fuel consumption. The signal code corresponding to the hourly fuel consumption is stored in the meter 25 and is fed to the first input of the meter 26. Based on the ratio of the hourly fuel consumption measured and characteristic of the engine in the normal technical condition specified by the unit 27 the nominal value of the hourly fuel consumption, the code of which is fed to the second input the meter 26, according to (2) the meter 26 calculates the power loss ratio for additional equipment. In the divider 28, the acceleration in each cylinder for the stroke of its piston, as well as in the cycle of the engine, coming from the output of the first differentiator 13 to the first input of the divider 28, refer to this coefficient, the value of which (code) is fed to the second input of the divider 28. In block 14 storage of accelerations and calculating the coefficient of unevenness, stores data on the distribution of effective power in the engine cylinders with additional equipment and calculates the coefficient of unevenness by the formula (11). In the mode of measuring the distribution of the indicator power over the cylinders, the acceleration and overrun acceleration codes of the engine with additional equipment pass unhindered from the output of the first differentiator 13 through the divider 28 to the input of the acceleration storage unit 14 and the calculation of the unevenness coefficient. In this mode, in block 14, the irregularity coefficient is calculated by the formula (12). Codes of maximum values (amplitudes) of selected harmonics f _to (10) are fed to the first input of the second level selector 22, to the second input of which codes are fed from the unbalance level adjuster 23, which correspond to the permissible amplitudes of the specified harmonics. When the specified permissible level is exceeded, the signal is fed to the second input of the indicator 15, where it is displayed in absolute value or in percent. Acceleration and overrun acceleration codes of the engine with additional equipment from the output of the first differentiator 13 are simultaneously fed to the input of the meter 30, in which the mechanical factors of efficiency of the cylinders and the engine as a whole with the additional equipment are determined by dependencies (9)

(overall efficiency). From the output of the gauge 30, the codes of the obtained values of these mechanical efficiencies are fed to the second input of the gauge 29, in which the dependences (9) determine the mechanical efficiency of the cylinders and the engine as a whole without additional equipment

(proper engine). From the output of the gauge 29, the mechanical efficiencies of the cylinders and the engine as a whole without additional equipment, the codes of these efficiencies go to the first input of the gauge 31, to the second input of which the code values are fed from the setting unit 32 of the nominal specific fuel consumption. In the meter 31 dependencies (9) determine the indicator efficiency of the cylinders and the engine as a whole

. The values of the codes of the power loss factor for additional equipment

, the efficiency of the cylinders and the engine as a whole without additional equipment

, as well as indicator efficiency of cylinders and the engine as a whole

, from the outputs of the meters 26, 29 and 31, respectively, are fed to the third, fourth and fifth inputs of the indicator 15, respectively.

The results of measuring the irregularities and acceleration coefficients ε _{i of} individual cylinders are also displayed, if necessary, sequentially on the indicator 15. When preparing the device for operation using the preparatory circuit 17, the information stored in register 3, block 7 of registers, block 10 for calculating the average frequency is reset , the first differentiator 13, the meter of 25 hour fuel consumption, the meter 26 of the coefficient of power loss for additional equipment, the divider 28, the meter 30 mechanical efficiency of cylinders engine as a whole with additional equipment, the meter 29, the mechanical efficiency of the cylinder and the engine as a whole (without additional hardware) the meter indicator 31 and engine cylinder efficiency in general (without additional equipment), and being prepared to the synchronization unit 6.

The deviation of the received power loss factor for additional equipment, as well as mechanical and indicator efficiency of the cylinders and the engine as a whole without additional equipment, from similar values characteristic of the engine in a normal technical condition, is judged to change the technical state of the corresponding equipment, cylinders and engine in whole

As a rotational speed sensor 1, an induction primary transducer can be used, installed in the housing opposite the flywheel ring gear, followed by the inclusion of a Schmitt trigger and a waiting multivibrator, which generate pulses of standardized duration and amplitude. Converter 2 time interval in the code is built according to a known scheme. As sensor 4 synchronization can be used, for example, the sensor of the beginning of the supply or injection of fuel into one of the cylinders in diesel, the ignition sensor of one of the cylinders in the carburetor engines. Block 5 of the formation of the origin of the corner marks may include serially connected peak detector, analog differentiator and pulse shaper (Schmitt trigger). The time constant for charging the peak detector is chosen from the condition of undistorted extraction of the leading edge of the injection vibration pulse, and discharge from the condition of capacity discharge by 80–90% by the time the next vibration pulse arrives from the fuel injection into the cylinder on which the vibration sensor is installed. The use of such a scheme of block 5 allows you to eliminate interference from fuel injection into other cylinders and from the collision of parts. Block 6 synchronization of the beginning of the counting of the corner marks is a static trigger, one of the inputs of which receives pulses from block 5, and the second - signals "0" or pulse "1", which are fed from the preparation for work on a team or using the button . The bit width of the transducer 2, register 3, and registers of block 7 is determined by the required accuracy of the time interval conversion. The unit of corner marks of cycle 8 consists of one or more (depending on the number of brands of controlled engines) decade switches, at each position of which the number of 2Z registers of block 7 is determined, to which the write enable signal is given. Unit 9 numbers of angular labels of cylinders consists of a decoder connected by its outputs with a block of registers 7, a decimal counter of the number of cylinders connected by its outputs with control inputs of the decoder; the combining circuit OR, the output of which is connected to the counter input of the counter, one input with the second output of the first differentiator 13, and the second input through the front-edge formation circuit with the output of the first selector 11; switch engine brand, connected to the outputs of the information inputs of the decoder. The decoder is divided into groups, the number of which is equal to the number of cylinders for this brand of engine, i.e. determined by the position of the switch engine brand. The outputs of each group are connected to the corresponding control inputs of the block 7 of the signal registers. The number of these outputs is determined by the number of corner marks per cycle of the controlled cylinder. When the switch is set to a predetermined position, a potential is applied to the control inputs of the corresponding groups of the decoder, allowing the switching of the registers of unit 7, provided that the other control inputs of this decoder group have the resolving potential from the cylinder number counter. When a signal appears at the output of the first selector 11, a pulse is generated using the front-edge selection circuit, which is fed through the OR circuit to the counting input of a decimal cylinder number counter. From the output "1" of the counter, the resolving potential arrives at the control inputs of that decoder group, which commutes the registers of block 7, containing information about the working stroke of the first cylinder. This information enters the first differentiator 13. After the calculation of the acceleration at the working stroke of the first cylinder from the second output of the first differentiator 13 is completed, a pulse is fed through the second input of the OR circuit to the counting input of the cylinder number counter, from the output "2" of which the potential is fed to the decoder group, switching registers, which define the time intervals on the working cycle of the controlled cylinder. Further process repeats.

The control unit 10 calculate the average value per cycle speed is an arithmetic unit (microcomputer) performing the operation of finding the arithmetic mean numbers coming from the unit 7 registers, as well as adding further and subtracting the first number, if n <n _OP in dispersal n> n _OP or a freewheel. From the block of registers 7, the signal passes through the input register to the common bus, from where it can be transferred to the RAM or directly to the central processor, which communicates via the common bus with other blocks of the system. The RAM stores (if necessary) the codes of signals coming from the input register, as well as intermediate results of the processor calculation. The timer sets the rhythm of the microprocessor system. ROM stores constants and a program that implements the algorithm for calculating the average value of the rotational speed per cycle. The control unit interacts with the system units according to a predetermined algorithm: it connects the input register, RAM, ROM, or processor to a common bus for receiving or transmitting information. The central processor performs: summation of 2Z numbers from block 7 of registers (Z is the number of corner marks or the number of time intervals between adjacent corner marks); translation of the obtained number, corresponding to the time interval of crankshaft rotation by 720 °, into min ^-1 using the well-known formula; finding the average speed for two turns; transferring the received number to the first level 11 selector; when the inequality is fulfilled, p <p _op in acceleration or n> p _op in coasting, add the code of the next (2Z +1) -th number and subtract the code of the first number Z ₁ .

The first level selector 11 is a digital comparison circuit of the codes from block 10 and unit 12 of the power measurement frequency. The latter, in turn, consists of a set of decade switches (four switches), with the help of which the required frequency of the power measurement, the decoder and the register are set, which form the output code corresponding to this frequency. The first differentiator 13 is an arithmetic device (micro-computer), performing a sequential calculation of the acceleration at the working stroke of each of the cylinders by the known formula. The necessary codes of numbers stored in register 7 are transmitted to the first differentiator 13. The numbers of these numbers are determined by the setting device 9. As a timer, which controls the operation of the first differentiator 13, a generator of 16 clock pulses can be used (it can also control the operation of blocks 10, 14 and 18). Block 14 of storing accelerations and calculating the irregularity coefficient is built similarly to block 10. RAM stores i _c counts (i _c - the number of cylinders) measured during acceleration, as much as coasting and intermediate results of calculations, ensuring the normal functioning of the central processor. The processor performs: algebraic subtraction from the codes of the numbers of accelerations measured during acceleration at the corresponding cylinder sections, which are received in block 14 from differentiator 13 or from divider 28, codes of numbers measured at coasting, and codes of numbers received from calculator 21 of average value and maxima ; finding the maximum and minimum values of the obtained accelerations; calculation of the coefficient of non-uniformity according to the formulas (11) or (12). In case of insufficient speed of the unit 14 to provide calculations during the fast transition from the acceleration mode to the coasting run, the capacity of the block of registers 7 can be additionally increased for storing 2Z counts measured on the coasting. The results of the calculation are displayed on a digital display (indicator 15). In the quality of the scheme 17 preparation for work can act as a button connected to the pulse shaper. The device of the second differentiator 18 is similar to the device of the first differentiator 13 except that it calculates the instantaneous values of the angular acceleration during the entire cycle of the engine. Block 19 of the digital tunable filters is a set of parallel filters tuned to frequencies f _to , f _in1 and f _in2 , which are rearranged in accordance with a given frequency of rotation at which the measurement is made. Digital filters can be built according to a typical scheme (for example, implementing a fast Fourier transform), including on a micro-computer. The unit of 20 harmonic numbers can consist of a ten-day switch, with the help of which filters tuned to frequencies f _k characteristic of the test engine layout, as well as harmonics f _in1 and f _in2 corresponding to unbalanced inertial regular components of angular acceleration. The calculator 21 average values and maxima can be built similarly to block 10 and performs the operation of finding the arithmetic mean values of the numbers coming from the block 19 digital tunable filters on the sections of the working strokes of the cylinders, as well as finding the maximum values (amplitudes) of the harmonics f _to . The second level selector 22 is constructed similarly to the first selector 11 and compares the codes received from the transmitter 21 and the unbalance level adjuster 23. The level adjuster 23 is executed similarly to the power measurement frequency adjuster 12. Using a set of decade switches exhibited the desired level of harmonics f _k, using a decoder and the register code is generated, which is input to the second level selector 22.

Determination of hourly fuel consumption can be carried out in one of the ways in the dynamic modes of the internal combustion engine. For example, in the acceleration mode, the maximum value of the rate of change of the fuel level (flow) is measured (Patent RU 2084834, class G01F9 / 00). In this case, the hourly fuel consumption sensor 24 is a primary capacitive transducer installed in a tank with a normalized fuel volume, and a 25 hour fuel consumption meter is a measuring instrument of varying capacity (speed) with the subsequent conversion of the maximum value into a code. Meters 26, 29, 30 and 31 are microprocessor special calculators. The meter 26 calculates the power loss ratio for the additional equipment according to (2) when the codes from the meter 25 and the setting unit 27 are received. The dials 27 and 32 of the nominal hourly and specific fuel consumption are performed similarly to the setting meter 12. In the meter 30, the mechanical the efficiency of the cylinders and the engine as a whole with additional equipment. In the meter 31 dependencies (9) determine the indicator efficiency of the cylinders themselves and the engine as a whole. The codes of the coefficient of power loss for additional equipment, the efficiency of the cylinders and the engine as a whole without additional equipment, as well as the indicator efficiency of the cylinders and the engine as a whole are fed to the inputs of the indicator 15 for their visualization on a digital display (terminal).

Service connections between computational blocks 10, 13, 14, 18, 19, 21, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31 and the others ("interruption request", "readiness for servicing external devices", etc.) are not shown as irrelevant.

The principle of operation of the proposed device in determining the effective power of individual engine cylinders with additional equipment without disconnecting them consists in measuring the acceleration in the section of the checked cylinder for the average acceleration value, the average harmonic value f _K , f _in1 and f _in2 , subtracting (algebraically) these values from first. Measure the hourly fuel consumption of the engine with additional equipment. The ratio of hourly fuel consumption measured and characteristic of the engine in the normal technical condition determine the coefficient of power loss for additional equipment. The average values of the obtained values of accelerations in each cylinder for the stroke of the piston are attributed to this coefficient and judged by these values the effective power of individual cylinders of the engine with additional equipment, the ratio of these values is judged on the distribution of the effective power over the cylinders, and the amplitudes of the measured given harmonics components - the degree of imbalance of the engine with additional equipment.

The principle of operation of the proposed device when determining the indicator power of individual cylinders of the engine with additional equipment without shutting them off is the same measurement in the acceleration at the work site of the checked cylinder of the average acceleration value, the average harmonic value f _K , f _in1 and f _in2 subtracting (algebraically) these values from first. Then in the coast on the same area (or vice versa) measure the average value of the crankshaft accelerations. Subtract from the acceleration of the acceleration of the crankshaft is the acceleration of coasting. The resulting value is judged on the indicator power of the engine cylinder with additional equipment. The ratio of these values for individual cylinders is judged on the distribution of the indicator power over the cylinders.

Using the converter 2, the time intervals between adjacent corner marks are converted into a code and from the moment they arrive at the synchronization potential register 6 from the synchronization potential register 3, caused by the signal from the sensor 4, they pass through the registration information 3 into the registers section 7 and are sequentially recorded. The number of numbers (codes) stored in register 7 (array length) is determined by setting unit 8. Numbering according to their position in the engine cycle is determined by setting unit 9. Number codes from block 7 go to block 10, where the average value of the frequency is calculated rotation per cycle (for 2 or 4 crankshaft rotations through a 360 ° angle). The obtained value is compared in the selector 11 with the reference value set in advance by the unit 12, and if they are equal, the signal from the output of the selector 11 is fed to the fourth control input of the register unit 7, which stops further writing numbers into it, as well as to the control input of the 25 hour meter fuel consumption, which stops the flow of the signal from sensor 25. If measured n is less than the required value of _oo , then block 10 adds the code of the following number: (2Z + l) -ro or (4Z + l) -ro and subtracts the code of the first number. From the moment the numbers are stopped in block 7, they are successively sent to the first digital differentiator 13, in which the accelerations are calculated at the operating cycles of the cylinders using known formulas. Codes of calculated accelerations are transmitted successively to divider 28. Measured using fuel gauge 24 and gauge 25, the hourly fuel consumption code is fed to the first input of gauge 26. Meter 26 calculates the power loss factor for additional equipment according to (2) when the codes from gauge 25 and setting knob are received 27. The code of this coefficient from the output of the meter 26 is fed to the second input of the divider 28. Codes of accelerations in acceleration coming from the output of the first digital differentiator 13 to the first input of the divider 28 are divided by the code e that ratio. The received codes are fed to the first input of block 14. Block 14 provides storage of accelerations caused by the operation of individual cylinders in acceleration, algebraic subtraction from accelerations of acceleration of accelerations of harmonics f _to , f _in1 and f _in2 in the parts of the cylinder, calculation of the unevenness ratio of the effective power of the engine with additional equipment and sequential display on the digital display of the indicator 15 (in automatic or manual modes) accelerations caused by the work of individual cylinders in acceleration (minus the average harmonics f _k , f _in1 and f _in2 ), which characterize the effective power of individual cylinders, as well as all cylinders together and the calculated coefficient of non-uniformity.

When determining the indicator power of individual engine cylinders with additional equipment without disconnecting them, the acceleration and acceleration codes from the output of the first digital differentiator 13 pass unhindered through divider 28 to the first input of block 14. In this mode, block 14 stores accelerations caused by the operation of individual cylinders in acceleration and coasting, algebraic subtraction of accelerations of acceleration and harmonics f _to , f _in1 and f _in2 from accelerations of acceleration in accelerators, calculation of the indicator unevenness coefficient engine output power and serial display on the digital display of the indicator 15 (in automatic or manual modes) acceleration and coasting accelerations, as well as their differences caused by the operation of individual cylinders, which characterize the indicator power of individual cylinders, as well as all cylinders together and the calculated indicator unevenness coefficient power.

The measured accelerations in acceleration, coasting, and their algebraic difference characterize, respectively, the effective power, power loss and indicator power, as well as the corresponding full engine power. If you wish, by multiplying the accelerations by a constant for this brand of engine, you can indicate the power in kilowatts. When determining the power of the engine as a whole, the operation of the device is similar, except that the acceleration is calculated using all 2Z (or 4Z) numbers stored in block 7. This mode is determined by the setting device 9. Before the operator starts the measurements, the required array length is set using the setting device 8 the numbers recorded in block 7, using the setting device 9 is the numbering of samples stored in block 7, in accordance with the alternation of working cycles of cylinders. Using the setting knob 20, the harmonic numbers allocated by the digital filter block 19 are set, and using the setting knob 23, the allowable level of engine imbalance is set. Using the circuit 17, the initial state of the register 3 is set, blocks 7 and 10, the first differentiator 13, blocks 25, 26, 29, 30, 31, the trigger of block 6 is set to one of the stable states. Using the circuit 17, the blocks 18, 19 and 21 can also be reset to the initial state. With the arrival of the synchronization pulse from the sensor 4, the trigger of block 6 is set to another stable state, thus blocking the first input of block 6 and giving permission to write in register 3 of the code coming from converter 2. Thus, the first time interval recorded in block 7 corresponds to the same corner mark immediately following the start of fuel injection into the cylinder on which sensor 4 is installed. Since the input of block 6 ablokirovan, the blocks 7 and 21 are stored samples, starting with the first corner tags. Further, in the acceleration and coasting, the specified corner mark serves as a reference and determines the numbering of samples stored in blocks 7 and 21. The error introduced by the mismatch of the reference pulse with the injection pulse does not exceed the interval between adjacent corner marks and if there is a sufficiently large number (more than 100) error is negligible. In addition, after the injection until the start of combustion, the gas forces, which characterize the indicator power of the cylinder, do not yet form a positive acceleration. The remaining blocks work similarly to the power measurement modes of individual cylinders. In the engine acceleration mode, the fuel injection pulse can expand and additional bursts appear, which can be taken as the start of fuel injection. Since the fuel injection shifts towards the late angle with increasing rotational speed and, moreover, a positive acceleration of the crankshaft is not created between the instants of injection and the start of combustion, and taking into account the fact that there is no fuel injection on the coast, there is no increase in noise immunity. measurements it is possible to allocate a reference angular label only once - in stationary speed mode or at the beginning of acceleration.

Codes of accelerations in acceleration and coasting from the output of the first digital differentiator 13 simultaneously arrive at the input of the meter 30, in which the mechanical factors of the cylinders and the engine as a whole with additional equipment are determined from dependencies (9). Codes of these efficiency from the output of the meter 30 are fed to the second input of the meter 29 Efficiency of the engine and its cylinders (without additional equipment), the first input of which simultaneously receives the code of the power loss coefficient to the additional equipment from the output of the meter 26. The efficiency codes calculated in the meter 29 the engine and its cylinders arrive at the first input of the meter 31 of the indicator efficiencies of the cylinders themselves and the engine as a whole. According to the deviation of the coefficient of power loss for additional equipment measured on the indicator 15, the efficiency of the cylinders and the engine as a whole without additional equipment, as well as the indicator efficiency of the cylinders and the engine as a whole with similar values of efficiency inherent in the engine in normal condition, judge the technical condition tested ICE and its additional equipment.

Information sources

1. USSR author's certificate No. 1629777, cl. G 01 M 15/00, 1988.

2. Patent RU 2208771 cl. G 01 L 23/08, G 01 M 15/00, 2003

3. USSR author's certificate No. 1789898, cl. G 01 L 23/08, 1993.

Claims (4)

1. The method of determining the technical condition of internal combustion engines by continuous measurement with multiple accelerations from the minimum idling speed to the maximum without load in the engine cycle, as well as at the working stroke of each cylinder, with reference to the rotation angle of the crankshaft of the instantaneous angular velocity and crankshaft accelerations, select the specified harmonic acceleration components, similarly measure the speed and acceleration in the coasting mode from maximum to minimum rotational speeds and when the engine reaches a predetermined rotational speed, subtract these harmonic components and acceleration from acceleration of acceleration, determine the average values of the values obtained in each cylinder for the working stroke of its piston and, by their ratio, judge the degree of unevenness of the cylinders, and by the amplitudes of the given harmonic components - on the degree of engine imbalance, characterized in that during multiple accelerations from the minimum idling speed to the maximum without load in cycle p bots, as well as on the working cycle of each cylinder, engine with additional equipment, continuously measure the hourly fuel consumption, as well as with the rotation angle of the crankshaft, the instantaneous values of the angular velocity and acceleration of the crankshaft, identify the specified harmonic acceleration components, including the harmonic acceleration components caused by unbalanced regular forces and moments, when the engine with additional equipment reaches a given speed, it is subtracted from the acceleration of acceleration these harmonic components, determine the average values of the values obtained in each cylinder for the working stroke of its piston, as well as in the engine cycle, when the engine reaches a predetermined rotational speed, determine the hourly fuel consumption, based on the ratio of hourly fuel consumption measured and characteristic of the engine in normal condition determine the coefficient of power losses for additional equipment, include the average values of the obtained values of accelerations in each cylinder during the working stroke of its piston, as well as in the cycle of the engine, to this coefficient and the ratio of the obtained values judge the distribution of effective power in the cylinders, and the amplitudes of the measured given harmonic components - the degree of imbalance of the engine with additional equipment, with multiple coasting from maximum to minimum idle speed without load in the work cycle, as well as at the working cycle of each cylinder, the engine with additional equipment is continuously measured with reference to the angle of rotation of the crankshaft the shaft instantaneous values of the angular velocity and acceleration of the crankshaft and when the engine reaches the predetermined rotational speed is subtracted from the acceleration of the crankshaft acceleration, these accelerations of the overrun, determine the average values of the obtained acceleration values in each cylinder for the working stroke of its piston, as well as in the engine operating cycle these values are judged on the distribution of the indicator power in the cylinders. 2. The method of determining the technical condition of internal combustion engines by continuous measurement with multiple accelerations from the minimum idling speed to the maximum without load in the engine cycle, as well as at the working stroke of each cylinder, with the rotational angle of the crankshaft and instantaneous values of the angular velocity crankshaft accelerations, select the specified harmonic acceleration components, similarly measure the speed and acceleration in the coasting mode from maximum to minimum rotational speeds and when the engine reaches a predetermined rotational speed, subtract these harmonic components and acceleration from acceleration of acceleration, determine the average values of the values obtained in each cylinder for the working stroke of its piston and, by their ratio, judge the degree of unevenness of the cylinders, and by the amplitudes of the given harmonic components - on the degree of engine imbalance, characterized in that during multiple accelerations from the minimum idling speed to the maximum without load in cycle p engine bots with additional equipment, as well as on the working stroke of each cylinder, with a crank angle attached to the instantaneous values of the angular velocity and acceleration of the crankshaft, identify specified harmonic acceleration components, including harmonic acceleration components caused by unbalanced regular forces and moments, similarly measure the speed and acceleration in the coasting mode from the maximum to the minimum rotational speed and when the engine reaches the specified rotational speed, I subtract t of acceleration acceleration these harmonic components, determine the average values of the obtained values of accelerations in each cylinder for the working stroke of its piston, as well as in the engine operation cycle, in relation to the obtained accelerations of acceleration and the sum of these accelerations and accelerations in the overrun mode at the working stroke of each engine cylinder with additional equipment, the mechanical efficiency of each cylinder is determined, and the mechanical efficiency of the engine in price is determined by a similar ratio in the cycle scrap with additional equipment, in relation to the obtained mechanical efficiency and power loss factor for additional equipment, determine the mechanical efficiency of each cylinder and the engine as a whole without additional equipment, inversely multiplied by the specific fuel consumption characteristic of the engine in normal technical condition, and the resulting mechanical efficiencies of each cylinder and the engine as a whole, without additionally equipment determine the indicator efficiencies of each cylinder and the engine as a whole without additional equipment, the deviation of the received power loss factor for additional equipment, as well as the mechanical and indicator efficiencies of the cylinders and the engine as a whole without additional equipment, from similar values characteristic of engine in a normal technical condition, judged on the change in the technical condition of the corresponding additional equipment i, cylinder and engine in general. 3. The method of determining the technical condition of internal combustion engines by continuous measurement with multiple accelerations from the minimum idling speed to the maximum without load in the engine cycle, as well as at the working stroke of each cylinder, with the crank shaft angle of instantaneous values of angular speeds and crankshaft accelerations, select the specified harmonic acceleration components, similarly measure the speed and acceleration in the coasting mode from maximum to minimum rotational speeds and when the engine reaches a predetermined rotational speed, subtract these harmonic components and acceleration from acceleration of acceleration, determine the average values of the values obtained in each cylinder for the working stroke of its piston and, by their ratio, judge the degree of unevenness of the cylinders, and the amplitudes of the given harmonic components - on the degree of engine imbalance, characterized in that during multiple accelerations from the minimum idling speed to the maximum without the load on the worker m cycle of each cylinder of the engine with additional standard equipment continuously measures the fuel cycle through the sections of the fuel pump, as well as with the rotation angle of the crankshaft, the instantaneous angular velocity and acceleration of the crankshaft, select the specified harmonic acceleration components, similarly measure the speed and acceleration in the mode overrun from maximum to minimum speed and when the engine reaches a predetermined speed, subtract these harmonic coefficients from acceleration of acceleration putting down, determine the average values of the obtained values of accelerations in each cylinder for the working stroke of its piston, with respect to the acceleration acceleration obtained and the sum of this acceleration and acceleration in the after-run mode on the working stroke of each engine cylinder with additional equipment, determine the mechanical efficiency of each cylinder, when the engine of a given rotational speed determines the cyclic fuel supply through sections of the fuel pump, according to the ratio of cyclic fuel supply through the fuel sections to wasp measured and characteristic for the engine in normal technical condition determine the mechanical efficiency of the additional equipment, multiply the average values of the obtained acceleration values in each cylinder for the working stroke of its piston by this coefficient and determine the dynamic powers of the individual cylinders by the obtained acceleration values, judged by their ratio on the degree of uneven operation of the cylinders, and on the amplitudes of the given harmonic components - on the degree of engine imbalance i, with respect to the obtained mechanical efficiency of each cylinder and the mechanical efficiency of the additional equipment, determine the mechanical efficiency of each cylinder without additional equipment, based on the reciprocal of the specific fuel consumption characteristic of the engine in normal condition and the resulting mechanical coefficients actions of each cylinder and the engine as a whole without additional equipment share the indicator efficiencies of each cylinder and the engine as a whole without additional equipment, by the deviation of the obtained mechanical efficiencies of the additional equipment, as well as the mechanical and indicator efficiencies of the cylinders and the engine as a whole without additional equipment, from these values characteristic of the engine in normal technical condition, judged on the change in the technical condition of the corresponding additional equipment, cylinder and the engine as a whole. 4. A device for determining the technical condition of internal combustion engines, comprising a crankshaft speed sensor for the engine, first and second level selectors, a synchronization sensor, a unit for forming the origin of the angle marks, a synchronization unit for the origin of the angle marks, setters for the angle marks of the cycle and the numbers for the angle marks cylinders, indicator, first and second differentiators, time interval converter into code, temporary storage register, signal register blocks and average value calculation rotational speeds per cycle, power measurement frequency setting unit, harmonic number and unbalance level setter, acceleration storage unit and uneven coefficient calculation, clock pulse generator and preparation for operation, tunable digital filter block, average value and maximum calculator, with a rotation speed sensor with the first signal input of the time converter in the code, the first information and the second control outputs of which are connected respectively with the first inform The operational and second control inputs of the temporary storage register, the third control input of which is connected to the output of the synchronization timing unit of the corner marks, the output of the temporary storage register is connected to the first signal input of the signal register block, the second and third control inputs of which are connected respectively to the unit of the corner marks of the cycle and output of the unit of numbers of angular labels of cylinders, one of the outputs of the block of signal registers through the unit for calculating the average value of the frequency per cycle is associated with one of the inputs the first level selector, the second input of which is connected to the setpoint frequency measurement power, and the output to the first input of the set of numbers of angular labels of cylinders and the fourth control input of the signal register block, the second output of the signal register block is connected to the first signal input of the first differentiator, the second output of which connected to the second input of the unit of the numbers of the angular labels of the cylinders, the second control inputs of the time converter in the code and the first differentiator are connected to the generator output ta ct pulses, the output of the acceleration storage unit and the calculation of the irregularity coefficient are associated with the first input of the indicator, the installation inputs: the third of the first differentiator, the second synchronization block of the beginning of the countdown of the corner marks and the unit for calculating the average rotational speed per cycle, the fourth temporary storage register connected to the pre-commissioning scheme, the synchronization sensor is connected in series with the unit for forming the origin of the corner marks and the synchronization unit for starting counts of angular labels, and the output of the signal register unit through the second differentiator is connected to the first input of the tunable digital filter block, the second and third inputs of which are connected respectively to the outputs of the generator of the numbers of angular labels of cylinders and the computing unit of the average rotational speed for a cycle, the fourth input of which is connected to the unit of numbers of harmonics, and the output is connected to the input of the average value calculator and maxima, the first and second outputs of which are connected to the second inputs of the acceleration storage unit and calculating the irregularity coefficient and the second level selector, the first input of which is connected to the imbalance level adjuster, the output to the second indicator input, characterized in that the device is additionally equipped with an hour fuel consumption sensor connected in series with the hour fuel consumption meter, time and specific nominal values fuel consumption meter, power factor meter for additional equipment, mechanical efficiency meter cylinders and the engine as a whole with and without additional equipment, a meter of indicator efficiencies of the cylinders and the engine as a whole without additional equipment, a divider, and an indicator with three additional inputs, the output of the hourly fuel meter is connected to the first input of the power loss ratio meter for additional equipment, the second input of which is connected to the unit for setting the hourly fuel consumption, the output to the second input of the divider, the first input m of the mechanical efficiency meter of the cylinder and the engine as a whole without additional equipment and with the third indicator input, the output of the divider is connected to the first input of the unit for storing accelerations and calculating the irregularity coefficient, and the first input is with the first output of the first differentiator, the first output of which is through the mechanical meter the efficiency of the cylinders and the engine as a whole with the additional equipment is connected to the second input of the mechanical coefficients meter of the cylinder and the engine as a whole without additional equipment, the output of which is connected to the fourth input of the indicator and the first input of the meter of the indicator efficiencies of the cylinders and the engine as a whole without additional equipment, the second input of which is connected to the unit of nominal specific fuel consumption, and the output - with the fifth input of the indicator, the second input of the hour fuel meter is connected to the output of the first level selector, the third control inputs of the hour meter fuel stroke, power loss meter for additional equipment, divider, mechanical efficiency meter for cylinders and engine as a whole without additional equipment, mechanical efficiency meter for cylinders and engine as a whole with additional equipment, meter for indicator efficiency factors for cylinders and engine In general, without additional equipment, they are connected to the output of the preparation for work scheme.

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