RU2694029C2 - Automatic mortar - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for supply of ammunition into automatic weapons. Automatic mortar comprises barrel with combustion chamber, support post with door, gas cylinder with combustible gas arranged in support post, steel table with axis for carousel circle, accumulator, electrical system for initiation of combustible gas. Carrousel comprises 12 cylinders for mines. Gases formed during firing are used for mines throwing and rotation of carrousel circle for combination of next cylinder with barrel for supply of next mine into barrel.

EFFECT: technical result is higher efficiency and power of mortar fire, high rate of fire, ease of maintenance.

1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the military industry, in particular to the field of artillery weapons, namely the type of smooth-bore guns for mounted shooting in close combat in urban areas, in rough terrain, as well as for defensive fire with a massive attack of the enemy, accompanied by armored vehicles.

A single-barrel mortar with a one-time manual "recharge" is known (TSB, vol. 16, p. 294; Military Encyclopedic Dictionary of the USSR Ministry of Defense, 1983, pp. 447-448).

The disadvantages of such a mortar are a significant amount of time spent recharging it and the rate of firing of single mines.

The task of the invention is to increase the efficiency and power of the mortar fire, high rate of fire, ease of maintenance, constant combat readiness to open fire without much preparation.

The task is solved by the original design of the 12 automatic charging mortar and mines as ammunition.

The essential difference of the proposed automatic mortar is the use of a carousel circle for feeding mines to the bore. The second difference is the use of gas fuel as an explosive. The third difference is the use of a battery for the reproduction of a spark in a gas explosion.

The automatic mortar is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows its general appearance and the positions indicated:

1 - mortar mine on the carousel,

2 - support stand of steel pipe,

3 - automatic mortar barrel,

4 - a table from smoothly ground steel sheet, on which mines become,

5 - pipe for the selection of gas from the barrel,

6 - the combustion chamber of the gas mixture,

7 - outer rim of sheet steel,

8 - enclosing barrier

9 - hook on the outer rim,

10 - door for access to the inside of the support,

11 - door handle

12 - the foundation of the support post and bore.

FIG. 2 shows a carousel circle and the positions denote:

13 - steel cylinder to accommodate it min,

14 - inner rim of sheet steel,

15 - pipe to accommodate the piston and the core with a spring,

16 is a flat detail of the continuation of the core to accommodate the grip,

17 - grip to hook the parts on the outer rim,

18 - spring inside the parts for pressing the grip into working condition,

19 - stop barrier for a fixed stop of the carousel circle at the moment when the cylinder is installed above the barrel bore,

20 - spoke carousel circle,

21 - the axis of the carousel,

22 - bearings on the axis of the carousel,

23 - steel coupling for fastening the spokes,

24 is a hole in the pipe for the release of gas after compression of the spring,

49 - axis for fixing the grip.

FIG. 3 shows a section along the carousel circle, support column and bore of the automatic mortar and the positions are marked:

25 - the diaphragm blocking the bore and for the installation of mines on it,

26 - sealing ring on the mine body,

27 - fuse in the mine body,

28 - button signal for injection into the combustion chamber of the gas mixture,

29 - button signal to supply a spark into the combustion chamber,

30 is a gas injection device,

31 - candle to feed a spark into the combustion chamber,

32 - battery

33 - electric wires from the battery,

34 - tube for supplying the gas mixture to the combustion chamber,

35 - gas cylinder.

FIG. 4 shows an enlarged 4th part of the carousel and the positions indicated:

36 - piston, perceiving gas pressure,

37 - core connected to the piston,

38 - spring

39 - fixed ring for passage through it of the core.

FIG. 5 shows a view from the left side of the automatic mortar with a tilted support column, with the foundation structure and the schematic design of the tilt-fixing mechanism of the automatic mortar and the positions are indicated:

40 - canopies on the support door,

41 is a diagram of the mechanism for fixing the inclination of the automaton-mortar - 1.

FIG. 6 shows the construction of a mine in section, its appearance and positions are indicated:

42 - screwed head mines

43 - explosive - TNT,

44 - detonator cap,

45 - retarder

46 - primer igniter,

47 - channel to install the fuse,

48 - a general view of a mine in a section. A schematic diagram of the construction of an automatic mortar consists of: a support column in the form of a steel pipe; FIG. 1 pos. 2, on which is perpendicular with respect to the axis of the rack, a table is fixedly fixed, FIG. 1, pos. 4 of smooth polished steel sheet. An axis is fixed in the center of the table; FIG. 2 pos. 21 for mounting the carousel.

Next to the support post, the barrel of the automatic mortar of FIG. 1 pos. 3, which is tightly fixed on the bottom side of the table plane. Above the barrel in the plane of the table is a hole for the passage of a falling mine into the barrel (not shown in Fig.). The support post and the barrel of the automatic mortar are fixed parallel to each other and mounted on a single special foundation. FIG. 1 pos. 12.

The structural scheme of the carousel circle consists of the internal one; FIG. 2 pos. 14 and the outer FIG. 1 pos. 7 rims, between which 12 steel cylinders of FIG. 2 pos. 13. The inner rim is also tightly fastened to the 12 spokes of FIG. 2 pos. 20, which are structurally attached to the clutch of FIG. 3 pos. 23, worn on the axial bearings of FIG. 3 pos. 22. All details of the carousel circle: the spokes, the inner rim, the cylinders and the outer rim rotate around an axis above the plane of the table at a distance of 6 mm.

When installing mines in cylinders, as the circle rotates, they slide along the plane of the table. For the complete equipment of the mortar-machine-1, on alert, mines are placed in each of the 12 cylinders, which are placed on the plane of the table. And the mine, which is located above the mortar barrel, is placed on the flat steel diaphragm of FIG. 3 pos. 25, which is pulled out at the command to start shooting.

The work of the entire automatic mortar system begins with the first fall of a mine into the bore. The inlet bore is increased by 6 mm for more favorable entry of mines into it with the sealing ring of FIG. 3 pos. 26. A mine with a “2-piston” sealing ring, falling downwards, creates a certain compression in the combustion chamber of FIG. 1 pos. 6. Along the way the mine goes down, it alternately slides two buttons - the first FIG. 3 pos. 28 is a button for turning on the sensor to inject a portion of a highly active gas mixture into the combustion chamber. And the second button of FIG. 3 pos. 29 for supplying a spark from a candle of FIG. 3 pos. 31. at the time of injection of the gas mixture. The operation of the candle (automotive) is provided from the battery of FIG. 3 pos. 32. This entire system, starting from the touch of buttons, must be synchronized.

For a more effective pressure on the mine after the explosion of the gas mixture in the combustion chamber, in the construction of the mine, or rather in its bottom part, a concave bottom is provided. Due to this design feature of the bottom of the mine and the sealing ring on the hull, the mine experiences a lot of pressure after the explosion of the gas and acquires a certain kinetic energy after it leaves the barrel of an automatic mortar-submachine gun.

The range of the mine depends on the volume of the combustion chamber and the amount of exploding gas. Mina, after leaving the bore, flies through "its" cylinder, the inner diameter of which is 6 mm larger than the diameter of the mine with a sealing ring. This condition ensures that the mines fly without touching the cylinder walls, since the cylinder, after each pulse rotation of the carousel circle by 30 degrees, is set with its axis exactly above the axis of the barrel bore. Before the mine departs under high pressure from the barrel bore, at the end of the barrel a part of the gas is extracted by a separate branch of the pipe of FIG. 1 pos. 5. The gas in the branch pipe, still with a sufficiently large pressure, is directed to the mechanism of a pulsed rotation of the carousel circle. This mechanism consists of the pipe of FIG. 2 pos. 15, in which the piston of FIG. 4 pos. 36, perceiving gas pressure. And the continuation of the piston is the core of FIG. 4 pos. 37, on which the spring of FIG. 4 pos. 38. This spring abuts against the stationary ring of FIG. 4 pos. 39, through which the core passes. Behind the fixed ring, the extension of the core is the flat part of FIG. 4 pos. 16, in which the grip of FIG. 4 pos. 17, designed to rotate the circle by engaging a special piece — a hook fastened to the outer rim of FIG. 1 pos. 9. In the flat part where the grip is located, there is a spring of FIG. 4 pos. 18, which squeezes the gripper into its working state, after retreating backwards under the influence of a rectifying spring.

After the impulse pressure of the gas to the piston has been triggered, it rushes forward, compressing the spring and grabbing the hook on the outer rim, capturing the outer rim, ensuring rotation of the carousel along with the mines by 30 degrees. At the moment when the spring is compressed to the limit, the gas compressing it comes out through the hole in the pipe of FIG. 2 pos. 24

After turning the carousel circle at 30 degrees and placing another mine above the bore, the spring opens up, leaving it at its original position. The power of the spring is enough to move the grip to the extreme initial position when going back and be ready for a new cycle.

Thus, the automatic recharging of the proposed 12 automatic mortar charging takes place.

Based on the presented basic design of an automatic mortar, various modifications can be made, both by the number of mines on the carousel circle (16, 20, 24) and by the caliber of mines and the corresponding increase in all components of the mortar-automatic complex that can increase the range of mines.

The proposed automatic mortar also required a special design mines. An approximate analogue of it may be the design of a hand grenade with an explosion retardant. (Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary, Moscow 1982, p. 339). The design feature of the mine is that a concave bottom is provided in the bottom, bottom part for more effective pressure perception after the explosion of the gas mixture in the combustion chamber. The second feature of the mine design is the presence in the center of the concave part of the channel bottom of FIG. 6 pos. 47 for installation in it of a fuse of FIG. 6 pos. 44, 45, 46, consisting of:

1. primer igniter,

2. Retarder.

3. Primer detonator.

After ignition of the gas mixture in the combustion chamber, an explosion ejects the mine from the bore. At the moment of the explosion, under the influence of high temperature, the primer igniter lights up, and then in flight the moderator lights up. The time of burning of the moderator in seconds is calculated taking into account the distance of the flight of mines to the target. At the end of the moderator burning, the detonator cap ignites and a mine explodes. The fuse in the mine channel must be inserted when installing mines in the cylinders on the carousel.

A distinctive feature of the design of the proposed mine from the construction of conventional mortar mines is the absence of elements for stabilization in flight, as the mine explodes regardless of which part of it touches the target. And even preferably, the mine touched the ground sideways and exploded on the surface of the earth.

The proposed automatic mortar is a type of smooth-bore gun for outboard shooting. With full gear on the carousel wheel is placed 12 min with a diameter of 100 mm. At the same time, the carousel circle is only 60 cm in diameter, and the height of the entire automatic mortar with a carousel circle is not more than 1.5 m. With such compactness for mobile movement, an automatic mortar can be installed on a pick-up car with a large stock of mines and a corresponding constructive retrofit.

Claims (2)

1. Automatic mortar consisting of a support column, characterized in that it contains a steel table with a fixed axis for the carousel circle, a gas cylinder installed in the support column with a door, a combustion chamber and a battery. 2. Automatic mortar under item 1, characterized in that the carousel circle consists of inner and outer rims, between which are fixed twelve steel cylinders for mines, and the inner rim tightly attached to the spokes, which are attached to the clutch, worn on axial bearings.

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