RU2691294C2 - Method for forming and application of global radiohydroacoustic system of monitoring atmospheric, oceanic and crustal fields in marine environment and recognition of sources thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hydrophysics, geophysics and radiophysics. It is based on the integration of the fundamental development of the GLONASS navigation system, the Gonets communication system, as well as scientific and technical developments of the radio-hydroacoustic system for monitoring the atmospheric, oceanic and crustal fields in the marine environment as the Unified Information Space of the Earth. Method for the formation and application of a global radio-hydroacoustic system for monitoring the atmospheric, oceanic and crustal fields in the marine environment and the recognition of their sources includes placing radiating and receiving transducers in the medium, sounding medium by low-frequency acoustic signals of a stabilized frequency and the forming in it working zones of nonlinear interaction and parametric transformation of luminous and measurable information waves of different physical nature,receiving nonlinearly transformed luminescent signals, amplifying them in the parametric transformation band, transferring to the high-frequency region, narrow-band spectral analysis, separating from the spectra of the upper and/or lower side bands and recovering on their basis, taking into account the parametric and frequency-time transformation, the initial characteristics of the information waves. Luminous parametric antenna is formed as a spatial multipath, for which it uses non-directional radiating transducers, that are located in the center of the controlled water area and are installed in depth both on the axis of the underwater sound channel, and above and below it. Identical receiving blocks are arranged in depth similar to the radiating converters and are located relative to the radiating center along a circle or perimeter of the controlled water area after 45°. Each of the receiving blocks is formed from three non-directional converters (hydrophones), that are located in the vertical plane of the controlled medium along triangles, preferably isosceles, their bases lie on the same vertical line, and their vertices face the radiating transducers. Luminous signals of each radiating transducer are received by each single receiving transducer (hydrophone) of each of the three receiver units, as a result of which the luminous parametric antenna is a complex of multipath parametric antennas located in the vertical plane, oriented radially from the center to the periphery and equally remote from the antennas adjacent to them. Placed in the vertical plane, the receiving blocks are a discrete linear antenna in which the distances between the transducers of the receiving units in the vertical plane are set in accordance with the correlation properties of the luminous acoustic field. Principal difference between the claimed method consists in the fact that the main (scalable) luminal parametric system for monitoring the atmospheric information fields, ocean and the crust in the marine environment and the recognition of their sources form within the water areas of the seas of the Far Eastern region or within the aggregate space of other maritime economic zones of the Russian Federation. In the structure of the global radio-acoustic system introduce additional subsystems that form and establish on geographically remote water areas relative to the main (scalable) system. Main system and additional subsystems are provided with various radiating and receiving paths with their underwater radiators and receiving blocks. Signals from underwater converters by means of cables are transmitted to reception paths, where they are processed by neural network analysis lines, introduced into the composition of all receiving paths, and perform automatic recognition of the belonging of the spectral region to the object of classification. Results of the analytical processing through the communication channels through the switching block of the receiving paths are transferred to the Joint Information Analysis Center (JIAC) of the global radio-acoustic system where they perform the final analysis, recognition and classification of mathematically processed images of spectrograms of objects, and also produce commands for managing the operation of the main (scalable) system and additional subsystems in accordance with changes in tasks and conditions for conducting monitoring of the water areas. Moreover, the JIAC is connected to external (not system) blocks providing data exchange and communication between the JIAC and/or GLONASS navigation systems and Gonets connection. In addition, the luminescent parametric antennas of the additional subsystems form as complexes of vertical multipath parametric antennas, located on a circle or perimeter of the monitored water areas through 45° and oriented from the center to the periphery, while the additional subsystems are removed from the neighboring subsystems at a distance that provides monitoring of the water areas. In addition, the receiving blocks of additiona

Description

The invention relates to hydrophysics, geophysics and radiophysics. It is based on the integration of the fundamental development of the GLONASS space navigation system, the Gonets system of space communications, and the development of a large-scale radio-hydroacoustic system for monitoring the atmosphere, ocean and earth's crust fields in the marine environment as the Unified Information Space of the Earth , Malashenko A.E., Karachun L.E., Vasilenko AM Nonlinear translucent underwater acoustics and means of marine instrumentation in the creation of the Far Eastern radiohydroacoustic system for lighting the atmosphere, ocean and land crust, monitor their fields of different physical nature: monograph - Vladivostok. SRB AMR FEB RAS, 2014. - 402)..

The global radiohydroacoustic system (GRGAS) is formed within geographically remote waters, for example, the waters of the seas of the Far Eastern region (FER) and (or) within the aggregate space of other sea economic zones (OEP) of the Russian Federation. The global radiohydroacoustic system provides long-range parametric reception of information fields of various physical nature (acoustic, electromagnetic and hydrodynamic), formed by natural and artificial sources, processes and phenomena of the atmosphere, ocean and the earth's crust. The measured information is transmitted via communication channels from the marine environment to the atmosphere, mainly to the Unified Information and Analytical Center (EIAC), where it is summarized, analyzed and the teams develop operational management of the global system in accordance with the objectives and conditions of the monitoring of water areas. Thus, the GRGAS consists of geographically remote, autonomous, luminous subsystems united by radio channels by the Unified Information and Analytical Center. Each subsystem is capable of operating in an extended hydroacoustic channel with variable characteristics of the environment and boundaries. The autonomous subsystems of the GRGAS are spatially developed multipath parametric antennas, commensurate with the length of the controlled waters.

The work of GRGAS is implemented on the basis of the laws of nonlinear interaction and parametric conversion of luminal waves with measured information waves during joint propagation in the marine environment, as well as spectral, correlation, and phase processing of received luminal signals. The formation of the spatial structure of the luminal field in the measuring subsystems, as multipath parametric antennas, provides the ability to receive information fields with the subsequent determination of the location of marine sources.

The created GRGAS can be formed and implemented on the basis of existing stationary and shipborne hydroacoustic stations, as well as autonomous rapidly deployable radio acoustic systems, formed from the means of marine instrumentation created in FGBUN SKB SAMI FEB RAS. Repeated tests of prototypes of monitoring monitoring systems as autonomous subsystems of the GRGGAS were carried out in the waters of the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk.

The essence of scientific and technical solutions and measuring technologies on the subject of the invention are presented in monographs developed with the participation of the authors of the claimed invention:

- Mironenko M.V., Malashenko A.E., Karachun L.E., Vasilenko A.M. Low-frequency translucent method for the long-range hydrolocation of the hydro-physical fields of the marine environment. - Vladivostok: SKB SAMI FEB RAS, 2006. - 173 p.

- Mironenko M.V., Malashenko A.E., Karachun L.E., Vasilenko A.M. Nonlinear translucent hydroacoustics and means of marine instrumentation in the creation of a radiohydroacoustic system for lighting the atmosphere, the ocean and the earth's crust, monitoring their fields of various physical nature. - Vladivostok: FEFU, 2014. - 402 p.

- Pyatakovich V.A., Vasilenko A.M., Mironenko M.V. Technologies of nonlinear translucent hydroacoustics and neuro-fuzzy operations in problems of recognition of marine objects: monograph - Vladivostok: FEFU Publishing House, 2016. - 190 p.

Technical solutions for creating translucent parametric systems for monitoring information fields of objects and environments are presented in the following inventions: "Method for generating a parametric antenna in a marine environment" Pat. No. 2550588, RU, G10K 11/00, 2014; "The method of forming and applying a spatially-developed translucent parametric antenna in the marine environment" Pat. №2602995, RU, G01H 3/00, 2016

The closest technical solution to the present invention, which is selected as a prototype, is a method of forming and applying a radio-hydroacoustic system for monitoring sources of atmospheric, ocean and earth crust fields, which is implemented in the “Radio-hydroacoustic system of parametric reception of sources marine environment "Pat. No. 2593673. RU, G01H 3/00, 2016.

The method of formation and application of the radiohydroacoustic monitoring system provides:

- formation of the working area of nonlinear interaction and parametric transformation of luminal and measured waves in a controlled part of the water area, which ensures long-range parametric reception of information waves of various physical nature in the frequency range of a hundred to tens of units of hertz;

- long-range parametric reception of information waves in the marine environment of sources of air and ocean environment, as well as bottom soil, which is achieved due to their nonlinear interaction with the emitted low-frequency (translucent) waves and multipath propagation in the marine environment;

- determination of the location of the radiation sources of information waves in the controlled area, due to the use in the measuring system of the laws of multipath propagation of translucent signals and the associated formation of the directivity characteristics of parametric antennas for the arrivals of signals "top and bottom".

The disadvantages of the prototype method, which will be eliminated in the present invention, are the following:

- the lack of technologies and technical solutions implementing them that ensure the scaling of the measuring system within the space of geographically remote waters and the formation of its structure as a global radio-hydroacoustic system;

- lack of technology and technical solutions implementing them to recognize and identify the measured multichannel information, as well as generate signals (commands) to control the operation of the measuring system in accordance with the tasks and monitoring conditions in geographically remote water areas, which is fundamentally necessary for its operation as a global radio hydroacoustic field monitoring system atmosphere, ocean and crust in the marine environment and recognition of the sources of their formation.

On this basis, the task for which the claimed invention is directed is expressed in the development of a method for forming and applying a global radio-hydroacoustic monitoring system within the seas of the seas of the Far Eastern region or within the aggregate space of other maritime economic zones of the Russian Federation. The structure and technology of multichannel reception of translucent signals and transmission of hydroacoustic information via communication channels should be introduced into the EAGAC structure, where the final analysis, recognition and classification of mathematically processed images of the spectrograms of objects are carried out, as well as the development of commands for the operation of GRGAS according to tasks and conditions for monitoring water areas. Comprehensive observation of surface and underwater conditions, operational information exchange from geographically separated monitoring subsystems and the implementation of the system being created as a global radio-hydroacoustic system is achieved by connecting the EIAC with external (non-system) blocks that provide data exchange and communication between the EIAC and (or) GLONASS navigation systems and communication "messenger".

The technical result of the invention is to develop a method of forming and applying a global radio-hydro-acoustic system that provides observation of the spatial and temporal dynamics of the characteristics of fields generated by sources of the atmosphere, ocean and the earth's crust under conditions of an extended hydroacoustic channel with variable characteristics of the environment and borders. The frequency range of the long-range parametric reception of information waves is hundreds to tens of units-units of hertz, including the VLF waves of oscillations of moving objects, as a whole. The recognition of the sources of formation in the marine environment of information fields is carried out on the basis of fuzzy logic of artificial neural networks, both in automatic mode and with the participation of the operator.

To solve this task, a method of forming and applying a global radio-hydroacoustic system for monitoring information fields of the atmosphere, ocean and the earth’s crust in the marine environment and recognizing their sources includes placing radiating and receiving transducers in the medium, sounding the medium with low-frequency acoustic signals of a stabilized frequency, and generating zones of nonlinear interaction and parametric transformation of the luminal and measured information waves of various physical reception of nonlinearly transformed translucent signals, their amplification in the parametric conversion band, transfer to the high-frequency region, narrowband spectral analysis, selection of the upper and (or) lower sidebands in the spectra and reconstruction from them, taking into account the parametric and time-frequency conversion, characteristics of information waves, while the luminous parametric antenna is formed as a spatial multipath, for which it uses a non-directional radiating transform Heads that are located in the center of the controlled water area and are installed in depth, both on the axis of the underwater sound channel, and above and below it, and the receiving units of the same structure are placed in depth similarly to the radiating transducers and are located relative to the radiating center in a circle or perimeter of the controlled water area through 45 °, with each of the receiving units formed from three non-directional transducers (hydrophones), which are located in the vertical plane of the controlled medium along a triangle m, preferably isosceles, the bases of which lie on the same vertical, and their tops are facing the radiating transducers, while the translucent signals of each emitting transducer are received by each single receiving transducer (hydrophone) of each of the three receiving units, resulting in a translucent parametric antenna is a complex located in the vertical plane of multipath parametric antennas oriented radially from the center to the periphery and equally distant from the neighboring their antennas, and receiver units arranged in a vertical plane are discrete linear antenna, wherein the distance between the transducers receiver units installed in a vertical plane in accordance with the correlation properties of the acoustic field.

The proposed method differs in that the main (scalable) translucent parametric system for monitoring atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial fields in the marine environment and recognizing their sources is formed within the waters of the seas of the Far Eastern region or within the aggregate space of other maritime economic zones of the Russian Federation, for which the structure of the global radiohydroacoustic system introduces additional subsystems that form and install relative geographically remote areas but the main (scalable) system, the main system and additional subsystems being supplied with various radiating and receiving paths with their underwater radiators and receiving units, and signals from underwater transducers are transmitted to the receiving paths by cables, where they are processed by neural network lines receive paths, and automatically recognize that the spectrum region belongs to the classification object, then the results of analytical processing via communication channels through to switch the receive paths, they are transferred to the Unified Information and Analytical Center (EIAC) of the global radio-hydroacoustic system, where they perform the final analysis, recognition and classification of mathematically processed images of the spectrograms of objects, as well as produce commands for controlling the operation of the main (scalable) system and additional subsystems in accordance with changes in the tasks and conditions of monitoring the water areas, and the EIAC is connected with external (non-system) blocks that provide data exchange and and the connection between the EIAC and (or) GLONASS navigation systems and Gonets communications.

Comparative analysis of the main and additional features of the claimed invention and known technical solutions indicates its compliance with the criterion of "novelty."

The distinctive feature is that “the main (scalable) translucent parametric system for monitoring atmospheric, ocean and earth's crust fields in the marine environment and recognizing their sources is formed within the seas of the Far Eastern region or within the aggregate space of other maritime economic zones of the Russian Federation, for which, additional subsystems are introduced into the structure of the global radio-hydroacoustic system, which are formed and installed in geographically remote waters from relative to the main (scalable) system, the main system and additional subsystems being supplied with various radiating and receiving facts with their underwater radiators and receiving units ”provides the possibility of forming and applying a global radio-hydroacoustic system for monitoring information fields of the atmosphere, ocean and the earth’s crust in the marine environment and recognizing sources, as well as the implementation of all subsequent operations of the method.

The distinguishing feature is that “signals from underwater transducers are transmitted via cables to receiving paths, where they are processed by neural network analysis lines introduced into all receiving paths and automatically recognize that the spectral area belongs to the object of classification” provides the ability to recognize sources, processes and phenomena measured fields according to their belonging to the atmosphere, the ocean and (or) the crust.

The distinguishing feature is that “the results of analytical processing of communication cables through the switching unit of receiving paths are transmitted to the Unified Information and Analytical Center (EIAC) of the global radio-acoustic system, where they perform the final analysis, recognition and classification of mathematically processed images of the spectrograms of objects, and produce the commands for controlling the operation of the main (scalable) system and additional subsystems in accordance with changes in the tasks and conditions monitoring waters "enables the comprehensive analysis of multichannel measurement on geographically distant waters information, as well as generation of signals (commands) controls operation of the individual subsystems consistent with the current conditions and the monitoring waters.

The distinguishing feature is that “EIAC is connected with external (non-system) blocks that provide data exchange and communication between EIAC and (or) GLONASS navigation systems and Gonets communication provides the possibility of integrated observation of the situation, prompt information exchange geographically separated subsystems of monitoring and implementation of the system being created as a global radio-hydroacoustic system.

An additional distinguishing feature is that “translucent parametric antennas of additional subsystems form as complexes of vertical multipath parametric antennas located in a circle or perimeter of the controlled water areas through 45 ° and oriented from the center to the periphery, while additional subsystems are removed from their neighboring subsystems on a distance that provides monitoring of water areas ”provides the possibility of parametric reception of information fields of the atmosphere, ocean and earth s in a marine environment, with subsequent separation of the signals on their luminal Revenue "top and bottom" for receiving the blocks, allows determining the location (distance and depth) marine sources formation of information fields.

An additional distinctive feature lies in the fact that “receiving blocks of additional translucent parametric systems are formed as discrete antennas, in which the distances between transducers (hydrophones) are set in accordance with the correlation properties of the translucent acoustic field” provides a noise-resistant reception of translucent signals in conditions of an extended acoustic channel and the subsequent allocation of information waves from them.

The claimed invention is illustrated in the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a structural diagram of the main translucent parametric monitoring system with its functional connections, which is scaled within geographically remote water areas. FIG. 2 shows the structure of the system that implements the method of forming and applying a global radio-hydroacoustic system for monitoring fields of the atmosphere, ocean and the crust in the marine environment and recognizing their sources. FIG. 3-5 shows spectra and spectrograms of fields of various physical nature, generated by sources in the marine environment. In addition, in FIG. 3 shows the spectrogram of the acoustic resonant and hydrodynamic fields of a moving sea vessel, the frequency of the medium illumination 400 Hz, the length of the controlled route 30 km. FIG. 4 shows the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation of a ship, measured by the low-frequency translucent method, with a frequency of illumination of the medium 390 Hz, the length of the surveyed route is 45 km. The spectrum illustrates the result of the nonlinear interaction of acoustic and electromagnetic waves in the marine environment. Figure 5 shows the result of a triple nonlinear interaction of waves of different physical nature (acoustic waves at a frequency of medium illumination of 386 Hz, electromagnetic waves at a frequency of 400 Hz and acoustic waves of an oval-blade type scale of a sea vessel) in a marine environment on a 30 km long path. FIG. 6, 7 the recording of the precursor signal of earthquakes (amplitude-time characteristic) and its spectrum in 3D format are presented. The measurements correspond to the formation of seismic disturbances in the areas of the Kuril ridge and their reception on the island. Sakhalin. FIG. 8 shows the spectrogram of the noise emission of an air source (aircraft). The measurements were carried out in the Sea of Japan. FIG. 9 shows the spectrogram and the emission spectrum of coastal engineering sources on the highway about. Sakhalin - the coastline of Primorye, the length of the route is about 310 km. Figure 10 illustrates the spectrogram of synoptic perturbations of the sea surface for the full period of passage of the cyclone, the length of the transmission line 345 km The measurements were carried out on the highway. Moneron - about. Sakhalin. FIG. 11, 12 - records of total translucent signals from receiving units (Fig. 1). as well as examples of the functions of cross-correlation of signals (lines of correlation analysis, Fig. 1) from single transducers of receiving units, which determine the direction of arrivals of translucent signals “from above and below”. FIG. 13 shows the spectrogram of luminal signals (the frequency of illumination of the marine environment is 400 Hz) modulated by hydrodynamic waves and VLF oscillations of a moving vessel on a 345-kilometer route. FIG. 14 shows the spatial structure of the Fresnel zones between the points of emission and reception of acoustic waves. FIG. 15 shows the ray structure of the luminal acoustic field in the sonar channel.

The mask method used for recognition by amplitude-frequency characteristic can be used both for the primary classification of an object, and for solving the problem of identification, that is, recognition of a specific type of marine object from a sound portrait. When recognizing a broadband frequency portrait of an object, it is convenient to carry out a separate study on the low-frequency, mid-frequency and high-frequency ranges. The use of the proposed approach is caused by the desire to reduce the dimension of the input vector of the discriminator, which greatly simplifies the structure of the artificial neural network (ANN) used. The input time signal (noise portrait) undergoes a Fourier transform and is represented as a logarithmic amplitude-frequency characteristic (LAFC), as shown in FIG. 16. The frequency axis is divided into a series of discrete values of Δ. Each ΔI = (1 ... k) with a fragment of LAFC is called a mask. In each mask, the maximum amplitude value of the signal A1, A2, ..., Aj, ..., Ak within the j-th mask is determined from the actual characteristic. According to the results of primary information processing, a finite number of features are formed that can be represented as an array of data. The process of forming data arrays in the form of tables and definitions A1, A2, ..., Aj, ..., Ak has been tested and will be executed by regular programs, for example, the Max Net network with service support.

FIG. 17 illustrates the global terrestrial coverage of the messenger communication system.

FIG. 1 shows that the main (scalable) system includes the radiating path 1.1 for generating low-frequency backlight signals of the marine environment, as well as pumping it with complex linear frequency-modulated (chirp) and / or phase-modulated (FM) signals, which is connected to underwater radiators 5.1-7.1. The radiating path 1.1 is an electronic circuit containing a series-connected generator of a stabilized frequency 2, a power amplifier 3 and a three-channel matching unit 4 outputs of the power amplifier with submarine cables and further with underwater radiators 5.1-7.1. The main (scalable) system includes a multi-channel path for receiving, extracting and registering information waves 11.1, whose inputs are connected to subsea receiving blocks 8.1-10.1 through the switching and switching unit of the analysis lines 12.1. In this case, the receiving path 11.1 is a multi-channel electronic circuit including a switching and switching unit for analysis lines 12.1, connected to three lines of correlation analysis 13.1 15.1 and one line of spectral analysis 16.1, as well as to the neural network analysis line 17.1. The outputs of all lines of analysis are connected to the inputs of the registration unit of the measured functions 18.1 and to the inputs of the analysis block selected by all the information lines 19.1. The radio unit transmitting the measured information 20.1 through the switching unit 12 is connected to the information-analytical center unit (IAC) 21.1, the output of which through the receiving radio unit 25 is connected with the generator of the radiating path 1.1. Information and Analytical Center 21.1 includes a block of final analysis of the measured information 22. The receiving radio unit 23 and the transmitting radio block 24. The correlation analysis lines of the receiving path 11.1 include serially connected broadband signal amplifiers 13.1.1, 14.1.1, 15.1.1, function measurement units correlations between the average and extreme single receiving hydrophones 13.1.2, 13.1.3, 14.1.2, 14.1.3, 15.1.2, 15.1.3, blocks for measuring the function of their mutual correlation 13.1.4, 14.1.4, 15.1.4. The spectral analysis line 16.1 includes a wideband signal amplifier 16.1.1, the outputs of which are connected to a time-frequency converter of signal spectra to the high-frequency region 16.1.2, then to a narrow-band spectrum analyzer 16.1.3, the output of which is functionally connected to the spectra recorder 16.1.4. The line of neural network analysis 17.1 includes series-connected memory block 17.1.1, block recognition and classification of measured information signals 17.1.2, block of cumulative analysis 17.1.3. The line of neural network analysis introduced into the receiving path 11.1 automatically determines the degree of belonging of the studied spectral region to the object of classification. FIG. 1 also shows: the surveyed water area (multipath propagation medium of luminal waves) 33, hydrophysical and geophysical will radiation sources 28 and 30, atmospheric and coastal sources 29 and 34, sea bottom 31, sea surface 32.

As shown in FIG. 2 global radiohydroacoustic system combines the main (scalable) and additional luminal systems 1 ... N. A distinctive feature of the implementation of the method is the formation and application of the monitoring system as global. scalable within geographically remote areas, by combining integrated information in the EIAC 21. including information from the GLONASS space navigation systems and Gonets communications. The global radiohydroacoustic system includes the radiating path 1.1 of the main system and the radiating paths 1.2-1.n of additional subsystems, the receiving path of the main system 11.1 and the receiving paths 11.2-11.n of additional subsystems, underwater radiators 5.1-7.1 of the main system and underwater radiators 5.2-7.2, ..., 5.n-7.n additional subsystems, underwater receiving units of the main system 8.1-10.1 and underwater receiving units 8.2-10.2 ... 8.n-10.n additional subsystems, as well as switching unit 12, United Information and Analysis Center 21 associated with nav systems “GLONASS” 26 and “Gonets” communications, 27 including the IAC 21.1 of the main system and the IAC 21.2 ... 21.n additional subsystems.

All blocks of the radiating paths 1.2-1.n of additional subsystems are connected and function, as in the radiating path 1.1 of the main system. All lines of correlation, spectral and neural network analysis of the receiving paths 11.2 11.n additional subsystems are connected and function, as in the receiving path 11.1 of the main system. All IAC 21.2 ... 21.n additional subsystems are connected and function as IAC 21.1 of the main system.

The operation of the main (scalable) luminal system and additional radio-acoustic subsystems is performed similarly and is carried out as follows. Radiating and receiving paths can be formed from existing radio equipment. As a low-frequency radiating transducers can be used underwater sound beacons type PZM-400. Receiving units, as directional correlation systems, can be formed from multi-element discrete antennas developed by the Special Design Bureau for Means of Automation of Marine Research of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Taking into account the hydrologic-acoustic situation of a given area, the emitters of the luminous signals 5.1-7.1 and receiving units 8.1-10.1 are spread over distances that monitor the controlled water area and are placed on the PZK axis, as well as below and above the PZK axis. which allows forming a complex of spatially developed multipath parametric antennas in the marine environment (Fig. 1). The calculation of the radial structure of the hydroacoustic field for the controlled water area is carried out according to specially developed programs (see the Program for calculating and analyzing the parameters of the hydroacoustic field “Range”: AS No. 20033611941 RF / Vasilenko AM, Malinovsky VE, Alyushin DA, 2003; Amplitude-phase structure of the acoustic field in an extended oceanic waveguide with variable characteristics of the medium "Amplitude-phase front": AS No. 2004611325 RF / Karachun L.E., Mironenko M.V., Vasilenko AM, 2004).

The medium is sounded by translucent acoustic signals of a stabilized frequency in the range of tens to hundreds of hertz or chirp and / or FM pump signals. Parametric reception, measurement of signs of the manifestation of atmospheric information waves, sea bottom and coastal sources is carried out simultaneously and simultaneously.

Object recognition and identification is carried out according to the characteristic features of the spectra and their spatial-temporal dynamics in the receiving block 1.1 by the spectral line of analysis 16.1 and the line of neural network analysis 17.1, in the block of analysis of the information separated by all lines 19.1 and in the block of the final analysis IAC 21.1. For geophysical waves, for example, waves of earthquake precursors in block 19.1, special signal processing can be performed using the method of multi-spectral analysis, which allows to determine the signs of the dynamics of the spatial and temporal characteristics of spectral components as characteristic information signs of the occurrence and passage of seismic disturbances of the earth's crust ., Gorokhov KV Polyspectral analysis and signal synthesis. Educational and methodical material under the advanced training program "New approaches to the generation, processing, transmission, storage, protection of information and their application ". - Nizhny Novgorod, 2007, 113 p.).

Determining the location of marine sources in a controlled area is an important measurement feature of the system, which is implemented as follows. The signals from the hydrophones of the receiving units 8.1–10.1 through the switching unit 12.1 and further through the wideband amplifiers 13.1.1, 14.1.1, 15.1.1 go to the measuring unit of the correlation functions between the average and the outer receiving transducers 13.1.2, 13.1.3, 14.1. 2, 14.1.3, 15.1.2, 15.1.3, respectively. Next, the luminous signals arrive at the measurement units of the cross-correlation functions 13.1.4, 14.1.4, 15.1.4, which measure the angles of arrival of signals from sea sources of information waves, by which it is possible to determine the area of intersection of sound rays, which is performed in the information analysis block 19.1 according to a specially developed program (see Determination of the coordinates of the sources of the secondary hydroacoustic field: AS No. 2015561675 RF, T.O. Makarov TOVVMU, 2015 / V. Dolgikh, AM Vasilenko, I. Linnik, 2015) . It should be noted that the idea of determining the place (distance and depth) of an object in the water area at the angles of rays received by the “top and bottom” hydrophone chain in the original (simplified) version was proposed and implemented by acoustics Robert J. Urik (see “Deep-sea hydrophone chain "USA No. 3982222 09/21/1976). In the invention, this idea was refined in relation to its implementation in the extended oceanic channel of wave propagation and the representation of rays as spatially developed parametric antennas.

The method of formation and application of a global radio-hydroacoustic system for monitoring fields of the atmosphere, ocean and the earth's crust in the marine environment and recognizing their sources is as follows. The main transient parametric monitoring system is scaled within the seas of the Far Eastern region or within other maritime economic zones of the Russian Federation, for which additional subsystems with their radiating and receiving paths and underwater blocks are formed and placed in specified areas. The outputs of the receiving paths 11.1 of the main and additional subsystems 11.2 ... 11.n are connected to the Unified Information and Analytical Center (EIAC) of the global radio-hydroacoustic monitoring system by means of a switching unit for receiving cables 12 and radio links (Fig. 2).

The monitoring system is formed as a global, scalable within geographically remote areas, by combining complex information in EIAC 21, including information from GLONASS space navigation systems and Gonets communications. A single information and analytical center 21 provides for the generation of commands for controlling the operation of the global radio-hydroacoustic system in accordance with changes in the conditions and tasks of monitoring the water areas, which allows emitting signals in the radiating paths 1.1, 1.2 ... 1.n to take into account the state of the wave propagation environment .

The main regularities of the nonlinear translucent hydroacoustics are: the parametric model of the translucent hydroacoustics, the principles of the formation of the translucent parametric antennas under conditions of a long rope of acoustic wave propagation, and the nonlinear interaction of waves of different physical nature in the marine environment. The following are the basic concepts and terms necessary to understand the essence of the stated solution.

PARAMETRIC MODEL OF LOW-FREQUENCY CLEAR-HYDROLOCATION METHOD IN CONDITIONS OF EXTENDED OCEAN WAVEGUIDE

The formed spatially developed parametric system is a translucent multipath parametric (disembodied) antenna. The signal energy from the emission point A to the reception point B propagates within the region of space, the boundaries of which are determined on the basis of the Huygens principle and the construction of Fresnel zones. FIG. 14 shows a qualitative picture of the spatial structure of the Fresnel zones between the points of radiation and the reception of translucent signals. Each of the zones 1 ... h _n in space is formed by rotation ellipsoids. The first zone forms a region of space that basically determines the energy transfer of translucent acoustic waves from emission point A to reception point B. All other zones act as a result of their pair neutralization (due to a 180 ° difference in phase) equivalent to about half of the first zone. That is, to obtain a signal at the point of reception of energy of the same magnitude as in free space, it is necessary that the first zone along the entire propagation path of the waves remain “clear” from being screened by obstacles or transformed by scattering inhomogeneities. The radius h of the zone of number n is determined by the Fresnel formula:

,

,

where R ₁ , R ₂ are the distances that determine the position of the object on the reception radiation line; λ is the length of the transient acoustic wave; n is the number of Fresnel zones (it is enough to take an odd number of zones, for example, three or five).

If an object is located within the space of the first Fresnel zone with a concomitant nonlinear inhomogeneity of the medium, not only the screening of the transmitted waves will occur, but also their intense parametric transformation on this heterogeneity. In this case, the first Fresnel zone serves as a spatial parametric translucent traveling-wave antenna, as shown in FIG. 15, the rationale for the benefits of which is subject to review.

Using the laws of multipath propagation of signals along the routes of the controlled marine area ensures the achievement of a new effect, namely, the long-range parametric reception of information waves of various physical nature, formed in the air and marine environment, as well as in the ground. The formation of translucent lines along the routes of the controlled water area is performed relative to a fixed emitting center in a circle or around the water area perimeter. This is exactly what ensures obtaining a spatially developed translucent parametric antenna commensurate with the spatial volume and length of the water area. In contrast to the classical parametric devices of radiation and reception of signals, the translucent control system of marine areas, based on the implementation of the laws of nonlinear acoustics, is a multichannel large-scale parametric antenna with a low-frequency backlight (pumped) medium. Parametric interaction of luminal and informational signals, as well as their transformation by fields (or special radiation) of objects, occurs throughout the propagation path in the aquatic environment. At the same time, the most effective parametric interaction takes place in the nonlinear region accompanying moving objects, which has large enough values (for example, in the case of a wake wake, the wake can make up units of cubic kilometers).

INTERACTION OF WAVES OF DIFFERENT PHYSICAL NATURE IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

Turning to the substantiation of nonlinear interaction and transformation of luminal waves with elastic information waves, we note that the classical expressions for the interaction of waves with respect to the low-frequency translucent method cannot be used directly. In this case, the interaction can occur at large distances from the receiver (tens to hundreds of kilometers). On this basis, in classical expressions of the interaction of luminal waves with object waves, one should take into account:

- attenuation of the luminal wave P _n , due to its divergence during propagation in the waveguide in accordance with known principles, which is inversely proportional to the square of the distance P _n / R ² ;

- interaction of waves over the volume of a nonlinearly perturbed medium V;

- increased degree of nonlinearity of the medium in the interaction volume γ;

- a small difference between the frequencies of the luminal waves ω _n and the useful signal ω _with , which in this case is within the same order and ensures their more intensive interaction.

With these corrections, the analytical dependencies for the amplitudes of combinational waves and the phase modulation index can be represented as follows:

;

,

;

,

where V is the volume of the medium of nonlinear interaction and parametric wave conversion; R is the distance from the point of radiation to the point of location of the location volume; γ is the nonlinearity coefficient of the marine environment.

As can be seen from the expressions, the pressure of combinational waves and the phase modulation index are similar to the classical dependence, but in this case the useful phase modulation of translucent signals measured by low-frequency ones will increase, which is due to the increased interaction of waves in the medium with increased nonlinearity.

The directivity characteristic of a luminal parametric antenna is similar to a spatial antenna of a traveling wave and, therefore, has a high directivity and noise immunity. It can be presented in the form of:

.

.

Thus, the width of the directivity characteristic of a luminous parametric antenna is limited to the limits of the first Fresnel zones, which, in turn, are determined by the wavelength of the luminal signals and the length of the luminal path between the radiating and receiving transducers. From this it follows that the directivity and noise immunity of the receiving luminal antenna in some cases may significantly exceed the classical ones. The concept of the width of the directivity at the half power level for such an antenna practically disappears, which also provides its advantage.

Let us turn to the substantiation of nonlinear interaction and transformation of luminal waves by information waves of various physical nature. It is known that the characteristics of the hydrophysical fields of the marine environment, in which the hydro-acoustic wave propagates, affect its parameters. This is due to the fact that the influence of hydrophysical fields is carried out through a change in the density and coefficient of elasticity of the medium. The distribution of these values in the extended working area of parametric reception (wave interaction) is a consequence of the impact on the marine environment of the measured information fields generated by a complex of signals propagating in the surveyed water area. It is obvious that the infrasonic waves formed by special marine sources or natural phenomena will manifest themselves in a similar way.

Mathematically, the process of propagation of an electromagnetic wave is described by the well-known diffusion equation, which is derived on the basis of the theory of the interaction of an electromagnetic wave in a conducting fluid that approximately describes the marine environment. The theoretical basis of the law under consideration is that the electric currents generated by an electromagnetic wave are transferred to Joule heat. Dissipative losses to the conduction current in the marine environment are converted into heat losses, which in turn change the mechanical characteristics of the conducting fluid (density, temperature, heat capacity). When passing an acoustic pump wave modulated in space in a nonlinear medium, its parameters will be modulated by changing the phase velocity of the wave along the propagation path. The spectrum of the elastic pumping wave changes due to nonlinear transformation, it forms high-frequency and low-frequency parametric components. Parametric reception of information waves in the system under consideration manifests itself as amplitude-phase modulation of the acoustic pump wave, which propagates with it to the point of reception and is then released in the signal processing path. The parametric reception of informational waves by a translucent hydroacoustic system can be explained by hydrodynamic equations developed for a viscous fluid, by applying to the equation of state the corresponding changes in the phase velocity of sound in time and space (see Voronin VA, Kirichenko IA the environment with a changing field of sound speed // Izvestiya VUZ. - 1995. - №4; Shostak S.V., Mironenko M.V., Surhaev I.N. Amplitude-phase modulation of translucent acoustic waves when they are taken interaction with electromagnetic in the marine environment // Collection of articles. Vladivostok: TOVMI, 2001. - Issue 22. - P. 82-88; Mironenko MV, Korochentsev VI Regularities of the interaction of elastic and electromagnetic waves in sea water // International Symposium "Underwater Technologies - 2000". - Japan, 2000. - P. 105-109).

Qualitatively, any changes in density and pressure in the marine environment at a constant temperature lead to a change in the phase velocity of sound in time in the zone of interaction of an electromagnetic wave with an elastic through the marine medium conducting an electric current. That is, in contrast to the classical hydrodynamic equations for an ideal fluid, which are used in the theory of nonlinear parametric emitters, the phase velocity of an elastic wave varies in time and space according to the law of change of an electromagnetic wave. Thus, if an electromagnetic wave of the harmonic frequency Ω _uh propagates in the working area of the luminal parametric system, then the phase velocity of the elastic (luminal acoustic) wave will change with the same frequency Ω _zm = Ω _uh . Quantitative characteristics of the modulation depth can be obtained using specific engineering models for implementing the method.

Theoretical and marine experimental studies have substantiated the regularity and efficiency of the so-called "triple" interaction of acoustic translucent waves with acoustic and electromagnetic fields of sources of the marine environment. It is shown that sea sources, for example, seismic perturbations of the seabed, can be detected by the signs of their transformation by elastic and electromagnetic fields propagating in the medium of translucent acoustic waves. The analytical view of this transformation is as follows:

where Р * (t), P (t) is the resultant (modulated) and instantaneous value of the translucent acoustic wave: 2ω is the frequency of the non-linearly generated wave; Ω - low-frequency acoustic wave from the object: t - current time; J _n - Bessel functions of the n-th order; A is the amplitude of the modulated wave; mp - modulation factor.

Analysis of this expression shows that the spectrum of oscillations of interacting waves consists of an infinite number of components located symmetrically with respect to the doubled center frequency 2ω, equal to the sum of the frequencies of the interacting waves, the frequencies of which differ from 2ω by nΩ, where n is any integer number.

The amplitudes of the n-th side components will be determined by the expression:

J _n (2A / P) ⋅ 0.5P ² .

It follows from it that the contribution of various lateral components to the total power of the modulated oscillation is determined by the value 2A / P. Moreover, for small values of the modulation factor m _p, the oscillation spectrum consists approximately of the harmonics of the center frequency 2ω (total) and two side frequencies: the upper (2ω + Ω) and lower (2ω-Ω).

So, the joint propagation in a nonlinear marine environment of a translucent sound wave with information waves, including waves of “small amplitudes”, is accompanied by their interaction and parametric transformation. It should be noted that the conversion of translucent acoustic waves can be carried out by radiation (waves) of various physical nature (acoustic, electromagnetic, hydrodynamic). The result of the parametric transformation of the interacting waves is their mutual amplitude-phase modulation. The parametric components of the total and difference frequencies formed as a result of the transformation of the luminal waves are effectively distinguished by spectral analysis as signs of phase modulation, which is justified by mathematical dependencies and is confirmed by the results of marine experiments.

TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE RECOGNITION OF THE FIELDS OF THE ATMOSPHERE, OCEAN AND THE EARTH'S CRUST IN THE CLEAR MONITORING SYSTEM

It is known that the solution of the problem of recognizing the measured information fields of objects and the environment can be implemented on the basis of a system like perceptron (Kohonen network). equipped with an output stage in the form of a Grossberg star, as well as a fuzzy network like ANFIS.

It should be noted that the correctness of the selected data preparation methods determines the quality of work of the complex information field recognition system based on the “mask method” (see VA Pyatakovich, AM Vasilenko, MV Mironenko. Technologies of nonlinear translucent hydroacoustics and neuro-fuzzy operations in the tasks of recognition of marine objects: a monograph. - Vladivostok: FEFU, 2016. - 190 p.).

The idea of the mask method as applied to solving control problems is well known and consists in the fact that the input time signal (noise portrait) undergoes a Fourier transform and is represented as a logarithmic amplitude-frequency characteristic (LAFC) shown in FIG. sixteen.

The frequency axis is divided into a series of discrete values of Δ. Each Δ _I = (1, ... k) with a fragment of LAFC is called a mask.

In each mask, the maximum amplitude value of the signal А ₁ , А ₂ , ..., A _j , ..., A _k is determined by the real characteristic. The choice of the value of Δ, and, consequently, the number of masks is determined by the capabilities of the recognition network (in fact, 10 ÷ 100). An increase in the number of masks leads to an increase in the reliability of the input information and to an increase in the complexity (an increase in the number of neurons in the input layer) of the discriminator, that is, there is a classic conflict between quality and complexity. Possible study of the noise portrait in parts, that is, low-frequency, mid-frequency and high-frequency components separately.

According to the results of primary information processing, a finite number of features are formed, which can be represented as an array of data presented in the table.

The process of forming data arrays in the form of tables and the definition of A ₁ , A ₂ , ..., A _j , ..., A _{k has been} tested, it is easy to formalize and carry out regular programs (for example, the Max Net network with service support). It should be noted that the process of forming the considered information arrays is necessary for solving two tasks, the first of which is the process of forming reference samples necessary for the implementation of the learning network of the recognition network, and the second, respectively, for object recognition.

The mask method used for recognition by amplitude-frequency characteristic can be used both for the primary classification of an object, and for solving the identification problem, that is, recognizing a specific type of marine object from a sound portrait, this method of preliminary information processing has been tested and is very competitive.

When recognizing a broadband frequency portrait of an object, it is convenient to carry out a separate study on the low-frequency, mid-frequency and high-frequency ranges. The use of the proposed approach is caused by the desire to reduce the "dimensionality" of the input vector of the discriminator, which greatly simplifies the structure of the used ANN.

It should be noted that the values of A ₁ , ..., A _j , ..., A _k (see Fig. 16) representing the maximum amplitude values inside the j-th mask are served in the "recognition" INS. The named maximum value is conveniently determined using the MAXNET maximum search network. The network is used either in “pure” form to prepare 6ai data used in training, or in conjunction with the Kohonen or perceptron networks in classification systems (recognition).

GLONASS NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM

The section discusses the historical background of the creation of the GLONASS space navigation system, as well as an automated system for collecting and transmitting information on hydrophysical fields of the environment and objects from the marine environment to the atmosphere and back based on the development of the Gonets satellite communication system. The practical possibility of the joint use of their technologies in the creation and operation of GRGAS monitoring the fields of the atmosphere, the ocean and the crust in the marine environment, recognition of the sources of their formation is substantiated.

The GLONASS system provides operational navigation and time support for an unlimited number of land, sea, air and space-based users. Access to civilian GLONASS signals anywhere in the world is provided to Russian and foreign consumers free of charge and without restrictions. The basis of the GLONASS system is 24 satellites moving above the Earth's surface in three orbital planes with an inclination of the planes of 64.8 ° and an altitude of 19,400 km.

The measurement principle is similar to the American navigation system NAVSTAR GPS. The main difference from the GPS system is that the GLONASS satellites in their orbital motion do not have resonance (synchronism) with the rotation of the Earth, which provides them with increased stability. Thus, the GLONASS spacecraft grouping does not require additional adjustments during the whole period of active existence. The development and establishment of navigation information systems is based on the development of the GLONASS satellites of the first and second generations (see GLONASS: principles of construction and operation / Edited by AI Perov, VN Kharisov. - 3rd ed. - M .: Radio engineering, 2005. - 688 p.).

Officially, the beginning of work on the creation of GLONASS was laid in December 1976 by a special resolution of the CPSU Central Committee and the USSR Council of Ministers. This project was a continuation of the development of the domestic navigation satellite system initiated by the Cyclone program. In 1989, along with two Uragan satellites, passive geodetic instruments Etalon were launched into orbit, which were used to clarify the influence of the Earth’s gravitational field on the orbits of Uragan spacecraft. From October 1982 to December 1998, a total of 74 Uragan spacecraft and 8 mass-size models were launched into orbit. During the deployment of the system 6 "Hurricanes" were lost due to the failures of the 11C861 booster. According to estimates made in 1997, about $ 2.5 billion was spent on the deployment of GLONASS.

In August 2001, the federal target program Global Navigation System was adopted, according to which full coverage of the territory of Russia was planned already at the beginning of 2008, and the system would have reached global proportions by the beginning of 2010. To solve this problem was planned during 2007-2009. put 18 satellites into orbit. Thus, by the end of 2009, the group would again have 24 units. In 2007, the 1st phase of the ground segment modernization was carried out, as a result, the accuracy of determining the coordinates increased. In the 2nd phase of upgrading the ground segment, a new measuring system with high accuracy characteristics is installed at 7 points of the control complex. As a result, by the end of 2010, the accuracy of the calculation of ephemeris and care of onboard clocks will increase, which will lead to an increase in the accuracy of navigation definitions.

At the end of March 2008, the Council of Chief Designers for the Russian Global Navigation Satellite System, which met at the Russian Research Institute for Space Instrumentation, somewhat adjusted the timeframe for the deployment of the GLONASS space segment. Previous plans assumed that it would be possible to use the system in Russia by December 31, 2007, but this required 18 working satellites, some of which managed to work out their guarantee life and stopped working. Thus, although the GLONASS satellite launch plan was completed in 2007 (six vehicles went into orbit), the orbital group as of March 27, 2008 included only sixteen working satellites, on December 25, 2008 the number was increased to 18 satellites. Signals are transmitted with a 38 ° directivity using right-handed circular polarization, with a power of 316-500 W (EIRP 25-27 DBW). To determine the coordinates of the receiver must receive a signal of at least four satellites and calculate the distance to them. When using three satellites, the determination of coordinates is difficult due to errors caused by the inaccuracy of the receiver clock. The GLONASS satellite system, as a navigation system, is capable of providing measurement, generation and transmission of information system data on the sea situation and atmosphere, necessary for the operation of GRGAS, via communication channels in the IAC measuring system.

STRUCTURE OF THE AUTOMATED SYSTEM OF COLLECTION AND TRANSFER OF INFORMATION ON HYDROPHYSICAL FIELDS OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND OBJECTS FROM THE SEA ENVIRONMENT INTO THE ATMOSPHERE AND BACK TO THE BASIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

The “Gonets” CCC includes three segments: the space segment; a segment of earth stations (ES) serving various categories of subscribers; management segment, consisting of a system control center (NOC) and message relay control centers (LRC)

The development of the satellite communication system Gonets was carried out in accordance with the Federal Space Program of Russia for the period up to 2000. The services and areas of use of the Gonets system are mainly focused on regional services, that is, the main volume of traffic consists of messages within the regional route. The length of the region (the control zone of a single satellite) does not exceed 4000 km. Communication in the region is managed by a regional station. In one region there may be one or several regional stations that serve their departmental networks. The regional station calculates the service areas of the terminals of its region with each satellite of the system and orders the required resource to the central regional station (CRS). The CRS distributes the total system resource to regional stations and schedules their work. The regional station in the time allotted for its work organizes a group communication session. At the same time, operational communication between subscribers in the region becomes possible.

It can also arrange for the maintenance of certain subscriber groups to collect information from sensor systems, for example, to collect information about the location of vehicles. According to the principle of regional communication, communication between marine vessels can be organized, while the regional station of this network is located on the coast or on one of the vessels. Through the regional station can be established communication with subscribers of public networks.

Terminals that go beyond the coverage of regional stations are serviced in a personal mode. The possibility of locating such terminals in the region is determined by the central radio system, depending on the already announced traffic of the system’s facilities in the region. From the point of view of communication organization, the main features of the Gonets system, determining its technical and tactical capabilities, include the following:

- satellite channels of various spacecraft (SC) are divided by frequency;

- on each satellite, 91 access channels operate with separation in time, the first 16 of these channels are separated by frequency on one satellite, but the same for all satellites of the system;

- work on the channels “up” and “down” with this spacecraft is carried out at frequencies that are indicated in the sea stations, unless a different mode of operation is specifically agreed for a specific terminal;

- 128 spacers are organized on each spacecraft, each of which is provided with autonomous access for recording and reproducing information, the volume of each memory device is 98,304 bits.

Depending on the type of service provided for in the Gonets system, the terminal works with the spacecraft in one of the modes: personal, group or mixed. In the personal service mode, the communication session with the spacecraft is organized by the terminal, the special software (software) of which is set to the personal mode, if there is a sign of personal service in the marker signal. The work performed in a session is determined by the session plan. A typical session plan defines and may change when a terminal is entered into the system. In the group service mode, the communication session with the spacecraft is organized by the regional station. The terminals, whose software is configured for group mode of service, operate according to a rigid program defined when the terminal is entered into the system. In one minute interval, the spacecraft can operate to transmit up to 7 terminals with the volume of transmitted messages up to 786 bytes and 33 terminals with the volume of transmitted messages up to 26 bytes.

The Gonets system provides a priority view of communication channels for the transmission of emergency and emergency messages in the conditions of an emergency situation in a serviced territory. The provision of this service to a specific user is determined by the software when the terminal is entered into the system. Location information is generated automatically by the software and hardware of the terminal if it has a GPS receiver and software settings. Software settings allow you to use location information in two ways:

- direct formation of information from the location of the packets and sending them over the air (direct use of the information of the location);

- transmission of information about the location of the object in the form of a special message to an external computing complex, which allows for additional processing of this information and transmitting it in processed form to the terminal via radio (external use of location information).

When using location information directly, the priority of messages, information processing methods, and the polling period for location information are set by the software setup.

The Russian satellite communication system (CCC) "Gonets" is designed to ensure the transfer of information in digital form between stationary and mobile subscribers and can be used for the priorities of informatization in regions where there is currently no reliable connection. Satellite communication system "Gonets" provides the following services:

- transfer of any data in digital form - telex, text, image, exchange of information between databases, between computers, collection of telemetry data from unattended sensors, determination of the location of moving objects.

There are two modes of operation in the “Gonets” CCC: “e-mail” with memorization, storage in the satellite’s memory and subsequent transfer to the user (the sender and receiver are not within the range of one satellite) and in near real time (the sender and receiver) radio visibility range of one satellite); use in combined satellite networks using satellite in geostationary orbit. In this case, the delivery time of information is close to real. The areas of application of the CCC "Gonets" include: global communication with subscribers located in the territory with poorly developed communication infrastructure; emergency reporting and coordination in disaster areas: the transfer of health information; collecting information from maintenance-free sensors; information exchange between databases and computer-to-computer communication; exchange of scientific and educational information; business information exchange.

Thus, the GLONASS satellite navigation system developed and created in Russia. as well as an automated system for collecting and transmitting information on the hydrophysical fields of the environment and objects from the marine environment into the atmosphere and back can be jointly used in GRGAS. The use of technologies of these systems significantly expands the possibilities, for example, communication and information exchange with the stations about the fields of objects and the environment, as well as the observation of the seismic and ecological situation in the surveyed water areas within the OEP DVR.

And so, in the materials of the application for the invention, a theoretical justification is presented, as well as the development of practical ways of forming and applying a global radio-hydroacoustic monitoring system in the marine environment of sources of formation of the atmosphere, ocean and the earth's crust as the Unified Information Space of the Earth, within the waters of the FER and ( or) within the aggregate space of other sea economic zones of the Russian Federation.

The technical result of the invention is to develop a method of forming and applying a global radio-hydro-acoustic system that provides observation of the spatial and temporal dynamics of the characteristics of fields generated by sources of the atmosphere, ocean and the earth's crust under conditions of an extended hydroacoustic channel with variable characteristics of the environment and borders. The frequency range of the far parametric reception of information waves is hundreds-tens-units-fractions of hertz, including the VLF waves of oscillations of moving objects as a whole. The recognition of the sources of formation in the marine environment of information fields is carried out on the basis of fuzzy logic of artificial neural networks, both in automatic mode and with the participation of the operator.

The claimed invention is of considerable interest for solving practical problems of marine science, defense and national economy. The method and the system implementing it are industrially applicable, since for its creation they use common components and products of the radio engineering industry and computer technology. The inventive method does not adversely affect the ecological state of the marine environment and atmosphere.

Claims (3)

1. The method of forming and applying a global radio-hydroacoustic system for monitoring atmospheric, ocean and earth's crust fields in the marine environment and recognizing their sources, including placing radiating and receiving transducers in the medium, sounding the medium with low-frequency acoustic signals of a stabilized frequency and forming non-linear working zones in it interaction and parametric transformation of the luminal and measured information waves of various physical nature, the reception is nonlinearly transformed luminous signals, their amplification in the parametric conversion band, transfer to the high-frequency region, narrow-band spectral analysis, selection in the spectra of the upper and (or) lower sidebands and reconstruction from them, taking into account the parametric and time-frequency conversion, the original characteristics of information waves, at the same time, the luminous parametric antenna is formed as a spatial multi-beam, for which it uses non-directional radiating transducers, which are located in the center of the control aquifer and are installed in depth, both on the axis of the underwater sound channel, and above and below it, and receiving blocks of the same structure are located in depth similarly to radiating transducers and are located relative to the radiating center in a circle or perimeter of the controlled water area through 45 °, each of the receiving units is formed from three omnidirectional transducers (hydrophones), which are located in the vertical plane of the controlled medium in triangles, preferably isosceles, based which are lying on the same vertical, and their vertices are facing the radiating transducers, while the luminal signals of each emitting transducer are received by each single receiving transducer (hydrophone) of each of the three receiving blocks, resulting in a translucent parametric antenna is a complex of multi-beam located in the vertical plane parametric antennas oriented radially from the center to the periphery and equally distant from their neighboring antennas, and placed in a vertical pl The receiving units are a discrete linear antenna in which the distances between the transducers of the receiving units in the vertical plane are set in accordance with the correlation properties of the translucent acoustic field, characterized in that the main (scalable) translucent parametric system for monitoring the fields of the atmosphere, ocean and the earth's crust in the marine environment and recognition of their sources form within the waters of the seas of the Far Eastern region or within the aggregate space of other m The Russian economic zones of the Russian Federation, for which additional subsystems are introduced into the structure of a global radio-hydroacoustic system, which are formed and installed in geographically remote waters relative to the main (scalable) system, and the main system and additional subsystems are supplied with different radiating and receiving paths with their underwater radiators and receiving units, and signals from underwater transducers are transmitted via cables to receiving paths, where they are processed by lines of the network analysis included in the composition of all receiving paths and automatically recognizing the belonging of the spectral region to the classification object, then the results of analytical processing via communication channels are transmitted to the Unified Information Analytical Center (EIAC) of the global radio-hydroacoustic system via the switching unit of the receiving paths, where the final analysis is performed , recognition and classification of mathematically processed images of spectrograms of objects, as well as produce work management commands oh main (scalable) system and additional subsystems in accordance with changes in the tasks and conditions for monitoring water areas, and the EIAC is connected with external (non-system) blocks that provide data exchange and communication between the EIAC and (or) GLONASS navigation systems and Messenger". 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the luminous parametric antennas of additional subsystems are formed as complexes of vertical multipath parametric antennas located in a circle or perimeter of the monitored waters through 45 ° and oriented from the center to the periphery, while the additional subsystems are removed from adjacent to their subsystems at a distance, providing monitoring of water areas. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the receiving blocks of additional luminal parametric systems are formed as discrete antennas, in which the distances between transducers (hydrophones) are set in accordance with the correlation properties of the translucent acoustic field.

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