RU2688174C2 - Universal initiation means and device based on it - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: explosion engineering.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to non-electric initiation means transforming the initial mechanical impulse into a firepower or exciting an explosive transformation, which can be used to initiate explosion devices, ammunition or pyrotechnic products for various purposes, i.e. any means involving authorized detonation or ignition. Initiation means is an element made with a through axial channel in the form of an insert or together with the body of an igniter, an ammunition or a pyrotechnic device. Ignition composition may be located in the channel. Initiation means is unified to work with various explosion and pyrotechnic devices and inflammable compositions; provides high reliability of work; robust security; long life of the initiator; simple and safe production; possibility to go back from metal parts and phosphoric compounds.EFFECT: initiation means is designed to operate from any mechanical, e.g. impact, percussion or friction impulse.16 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The inventions relate to non-electric initiating means that convert the initial mechanical impulse into a fire force or initiate an explosive transformation, which can be used to initiate explosive devices, ammunition, projectiles or pyrotechnic products for various purposes, that is, any means suggesting authorized explosion or ignition.

Means of initiation are devices and devices acting from simple initial impulses to initiate an explosive transformation (ignition or detonation) of powders or explosives (PF Bubnov, IP Sukhov, Means of Initiation, Moscow, OBOROGNIZ, 1945, p. four).

The traditional means of initiation, designed to ignite or initiate the detonation of explosives, are primer-igniters used in primer sleeves or percussion igniter tubes, pipe primer-igniters, exhaust tubes, detonator caps. These funds are triggered by a mechanical, for example, shock, schooling or grating pulse. Devices consisting of a school primer-igniter and a percussion device are called mechanical igniters, and devices that include an igniter primer and a grater device are tertiary igniters.

The term "igniter" in the materials of this application implies any device that performs the function of ignition in pyrotechnic or explosive devices.

In percussion igniters, an ignition primer or a detonator primer is traditionally used as an initiating element. As a rule, primers are installed in the immediate vicinity of the charge of an explosive or pyrotechnic substance [1] or at a certain distance from the charge (through the axial fire transfer channel) [2, 3].

In fuses of a grating type, grating-primer-igniters are used, in which the launch is carried out by moving a special part (grater) in the igniter composition [4, 5] or in a grating node of ignition with stop-spin retarder by pulling the cord [6].

Practice shows that fuses with grating capsules most often use a composition with red phosphorus, according to which considerable effort and metal elements are not required in the design of the igniter. Fuses on red phosphorus are not reliable, excessively sensitive, hygroscopic and unsafe. The grated fuses that do not contain phosphorus compounds, due to low sensitivity, require the use of metal actuation units and considerable effort during initiation. Such fuses have a limited resource in storage due to the hygroscopicity of the compositions used and the corrosion of metal elements.

The implementation of the means of initiation individually, depending on their purpose. Even in designs of one type of igniter, the main functional elements may differ and not be interchangeable.

The problem to which the present invention is directed is to obtain a safe, reliably functioning and compact initiator suitable for initiating a wide range of explosive and pyrotechnic means.

When using the invention, the following technical result is achieved:

- versatility;

- stable work;

- the reliability of the system as a whole;

- compactness of the device;

- security;

- high storage time;

- tightness.

The technical result is achieved by means of initiating ignition or detonation, characterized in that it comprises a housing in which a through axial channel is made, designed to receive a mechanical pulse of impact, schooling or grating type, the axial channel has walls, and in the axial channel there is an igniter composition that is applied on the walls of the through channel or pressed in the channel, or located as a drop of initiating substance in the mouth of the channel, or placed in the channel using a combination of nly mentioned methods, wherein the initiation means is made in the form of an insert into the housing the igniter, a munition or pyrotechnic device or integrally with the housing the igniter, a munition or pyrotechnic device.

As in the known solutions, in the invention, the initiation means is intended to take an initial mechanical impulse of a shock, schooling or grating type and convert it into a firing impulse.

In the known means, the openings in the thin walls of the caps and cups serve, as a rule, for the transfer of a pulse in a certain direction (shock, schooling) or its formation (grating). In contrast to the known means in this invention, a through axial channel is made in which the formation of a directed fire pulse occurs. Spreading through the channel from the place of initiation, the impulse is transmitted to pyrotechnic, explosive, combustible matter or material.

Thus, in the initiation tool, the function of the element that perceives the initial impulse and converts it into fire is combined, and the element that transfers the fire impulse to the initiated charge. That is, the invention fully implements the function of the known non-electric means of initiation, in particular the primer-igniter, which allows replacing them at the place of use.

The proposed means of initiation is a bulk monolithic or precast element made with the possibility of coaxially fixing it in the form of an insert in the body of the igniter, ammunition or projectile. In the case of the initiation means being completed at the same time as the igniter case, ammunition or projectile, the initiation means is a continuation of the case, in the form of a transverse narrowing (converging walls of the case in cross section) with the formation of an axial channel.

The peripheral configuration of the initiating means corresponds to the internal configuration of the igniter case or ammunition. Since the body of the igniters and ammunition is usually tubular in shape, it is generally assumed that the means for initiating the cylindrical shape is performed. However, the possibility of its implementation in the form of other forms is not excluded, since this does not affect its functioning and the implementation of the purpose.

The following are various implementations of the initiating means, taking into account various techniques for its use.

The element channel is made straight or tapered in longitudinal section, i.e. has a funnel shape, preferably round or rectangular in cross section. The walls of the channel can be made concave inside the channel (in the form of a tapering funnel). The inner surface of the walls of the channel is made smooth, rough or with reefs. Since the purpose of the element channel is the formation and transmission of a fire pulse, the axial channel is the “igniter channel”.

A flange can be made around the perimeter of the channel inlet (i.e., the side receiving the initial pulse).

The housing can have at least one slotted through slot passing through the channel and / or at least one through hole between the channel and the side surface of the element, which is a gas passage. Also, perforation can be performed on the wall of the channel. The slotted slot under the pressure of the initial impulse opens, thereby extinguishes the exerted pressure and converts it into a friction force. The excess gaseous products formed through the slit (or hole) is discharged from the channel, which stabilizes the burning mode of the igniter composition.

The initiation means can be made of polymeric, metallic or composite material, for example fiberglass, or combustible.

The channel is located igniter composition (BC).

As the igniter composition can be used shock initiating composition, pyrotechnic igniter composition, a grating composition or their various combinations.

As an alternative application over the channel element, for example with an emphasis on the shoulder, can be installed primer-igniter.

From the side that receives the initial impulse, the initiation device is sealed, for example, with a film, membrane, foil or varnish over the composition, which eliminates the contact of the external environment with the igniter composition and, therefore, increases the safety of the igniter and prolongs its life.

The proposed initiation means, in contrast to the known prior art means, does not have an attachment to any particular application device, and therefore is universal.

Another object of the invention is an igniter containing the proposed initiation means.

In the case of implementation of the shock initiation mechanism, the igniter contains a shock mechanism, which includes the drummer and the head, and, optionally, the stopper, the pin, ring and safety bracket. The initiation means can be placed in the form of a pine insert in the body of the igniter or made integral with the manufacture of its body. For a more reliable retention of the initiation means in the housing on the inner side of the housing wall, a recess or step can be made, which serve as an additional support. In the case of the installation of the initiation device in the form of an insert, it is performed with an external diameter slightly larger than the internal diameter of the igniter housing.

The shock mechanism is made with the possibility of longitudinal or radial movement in the housing, which provides a spring. The drummer and the head can be made together or as separate elements.

The dowel is preferably made in the form of a wedge-shaped element with a blunt or pointed end, but also may be T-shaped in longitudinal section, for example, a pin extending to the top. When moving, the blunt or pointed end or the vertical part of the pin penetrates into the axial channel of the initiation means and has a shock-terracial effect on the channel walls, which causes the aircraft to ignite. The taper of the walls of the through channel increases the surface area in contact with the striker, which contributes to the friction between the striker and the wall, necessary for the ignition of the composition.

Allowed preliminary placement of the striker in the axial channel with a slight drowning in it separately from the drummer. When triggered, the drummer pushes the beater in the channel, which, due to the dense advancement, acts by sharp strong friction on the channel wall.

In the case of installation above the channel, for example with an emphasis on the shoulder, in the primer-igniter, the firing pin is capable of performing a school action with obtaining an initial beam of fire passing through the channel to the substance or material being initiated.

The presence of the collar at the initiation means contributes to a more accurate articulation of the striker with a through channel.

The gouge may contain a cavity communicating with its external surface with a pyrotechnic, explosive, or flammable substance that is flammable when triggered.

If the presence of a drummer is not provided, a push-pull initiation mechanism can be implemented. What a wedge-shaped firing pin or pin is pre-installed in the channel, the inner surface of which, the vertical part of the pin and the sun are made appropriate to convert the grating pulse into a firing pulse.

Mechanical parts, such as an igniter case, a drummer, a striker, a cotter pin, a ring, a safety bracket, an anvil, can be made of polymeric, metallic or composite material. Spring for reliable operation, preferably made of metal.

To implement a grater type initiation mechanism, an elongated flexible or solid grating element, such as a cord, tape, wire or rod, partially placed in the axial channel of the anvil, can be provided in the igniter.

The bar may contain a cavity communicating with its outer surface, in which a pyrotechnic, explosive or combustible substance may be located that can ignite when triggered. Along the outer surface of the rod, longitudinal grooves or grooves are allowed, in which a pyrotechnic or explosive substance can also be located.

When impact-grating, grating-pressure and grating mechanism of the initiation of the sun can be applied to the surface of the channel and / or on the surface of the striker, and / or the surface of the grating element.

On the outlet side, the initiation means is sealed by attaching the igniter to a container with an initiating charge (charging capsule) and / or a sealing membrane.

To install the igniter with the specified initiating means in an explosive or pyrotechnic device, an external or internal thread is made on the igniter case to allow the explosive device to be screwed onto the body or screwed into it. It is also possible to install the igniter with glue.

By varying the type of initial pulse and igniter composition, the initiation means can be adapted for use in various explosive, pyrotechnic devices or ammunition in accordance with the desired characteristics of a particular device.

Sealing a small sample of igniter material significantly extends the shelf life of the product compared to known analogues. If the initiator parts are made of polymeric materials or of a material not susceptible to oxidation (corrosion), the shelf life of the product becomes almost unlimited.

Mechanical parts such as an anvil, hammer head, drummer, flexible or solid grating elements can be made of combustible materials.

The objects of the invention are also ammunition and a pyrotechnic device, in which the aforementioned initiation means are used in the ignition unit. In this case, the tool can be located in the form of an insert in the ignition unit or can be manufactured together with the body of the ammunition or pyrotechnic device, thus forming the ignition unit. When using the mentioned means of initiation in ammunition or pyrotechnic device does not require the use of traditional primers. As a means, which is an alternative to primer-igniter, the means of initiation is characterized by the formation of a steady beam of fire. However, depending on the substances and materials initiated by him, the impulse can be transformed into the necessary for the operation of the device.

FIG. Figures 1–4 show the longitudinal sections of the means of initiation and the igniter on its basis of a shock-grater (for an ammunition - a hand grenade), a terrestrial-pressure (for an ammunition - mines) and a tertiary action (for a pyrotechnic).

In the figures, the following notation is used: 1 - means of initiation; 2 - through axial channel; 3 - igniter composition; 4 - shoulder; 5 - slotted slot; 6 - sealing membrane; 7 - cap; 8 - igniter case; 9 - initiation mechanism; 10 - stopper; 11 - spring; 12 - safety bracket; 13 - cord; 14 - knot.

FIG. 1 shows the initiation means (1) with a through axial channel (2) and a collar (4) on which a cap (7) is located. The element on the side of the inlet is sealed with a membrane (plastic film or metal foil) (6). On the wall of the channel near the inlet applied sun (3).

FIG. 2 shows a mechanical igniter comprising a body (8) in which the initiation mechanism (9) of a shock-and-tertiary action, including a firing pin and a drummer, the initiation means (1) are coaxially located. The device contains a stopper (10) connected with a safety bracket (12) and holding up the spring (11) until it is used. Temporary immobility of the bracket and the stopper is provided with a pin and ring (not shown).

FIG. 3 shows a part of the fuse-and-pressure igniter, namely, the body (8), the initiation mechanism (9) - the impact-grating element, the initiation means (1), the sun (3).

FIG. 4 shows a grater-action igniter, including: initiation means with a through axial channel (2) and a collar (4), BC (3), an initiation mechanism (9) - an elongated flexible element - a cord (13) and a node (14) on a cord.

Works initiation tool as follows.

The initiation means (1), in the case when it is made as an insert, are placed and fixed in the body of the igniter, ammunition or pyrotechnic device so that the through axial channel (2) is located coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the striker igniter, ammunition or pyrotechnic device. Similarly, the initiation means is located in the body of the igniter, ammunition or pyrotechnic device during their manufacture, in the case when it is made integral with the body of these devices.

To initiate ignition or detonation, a striker, a grating or grating-push mechanism is set in motion, which comes into direct contact with the igniter composition (3) located in the axial channel (2), as a result of which the initial mechanical impulse is converted into fire force or excites an explosive conversion, initiating igniter, ammunition or pyrotechnic device.

The proposed igniter works as follows.

The igniter with the initiation means (1) is installed in an explosive device or a pyrotechnic product, or the initiation means (1) is first connected to a charging flask, and then the resulting structure is placed in the device or product. Subsequent implementation is disclosed on the example of the percussion device, for example for a hand grenade (see Fig. 2, 1).

To activate the safety bracket (12) tightly pressed to the body (8) and pull the pin for the ring, releasing the stopper (10) and providing free running for the bracket (12). When lifting the bracket (12) upwards, the stopper (10) comes out of the hole in the body (8). In the absence of a retaining element, the spring (11) is sharply opened, giving movement to the impact mechanism (9) along the body towards the initiating element (1). Moving, the striker breaks (breaks) the sealing membrane (6) and enters the igniter channel (2) of the means of initiation (1). At the moment of impact, the striker has a direct shock-tertiary effect on the igniter composition (3) and forms the force of fire, which, passing through the igniter through channel (2), ignites.

When using a primer-igniter (7), the striker strikes the primer, which ignites the initiated charge with a beam of fire. The use of primer-igniter (7) is optional.

To actuate a device made with a grating element (see FIG. 4), an elongated flexible or solid element, for example a cord (13), is dragged out sharply beyond the free part. In this case, the opposite part, for example, the node (14), located on the other side of the initiation means (1), during movement has friction on the composition in the channel (2), leading to ignition.

The tests carried out by the applicant showed that the means of initiating ignition or detonation can be used in the construction of cartridges for various types of firearms, hand grenades, mines, smoke bombs, etc.

Means of initiation is an alternative to the traditional primer-igniter. When using a means of initiation in an ammunition or pyrotechnic device, the use of primers is not required, which makes it possible to abandon metal parts and phosphorous compounds.

The use of phosphorus at the base of the igniting compositions of the initiating agents negatively affects the safety of the corresponding ammunition and pyrotechnic devices, since the phosphorous compositions are highly sensitive and prone to spontaneous combustion. The present invention allows the use of phosphate-free formulations based on chlorate or potassium perchlorate to get fire force, comparable in power with the means of initiation, in which phosphoric compounds are used as the igniter composition. This effect is achieved due to the direct contact of the igniter composition with a drummer, a grater or a grater-pressure mechanism due to the absence of the primer. In addition, the absence in the design of the device cap makes it possible to initiate ignition or detonation during the initial mechanical impulse of lesser force.

On the other hand, the refusal of metal parts, in particular a metal primer, eliminates the corrosion of the initiator, which has a positive effect on its reliability and durability.

Information sources

1. RU 111908 U1, F42B 8/26, 12/27/2011.

2. RU 101539 U1, F42C1 9/08, 01.20.2011.

3. RU 2473868 C2, F42C 14/02, 01/27/2013.

4. US 3194161 A, F42B 8/26, 1965.

5. DE 1081354 B, F42B 8/26, 1960.

6. GB 904348 A, F42C 15/32, 08/29/1962.

Claims (16)

1. A means of initiating ignition, characterized in that it includes a housing in which a through axial tapering channel is made with the possibility of adopting a shock-grating type mechanical impulse, an igniter composition applied to the walls is located in the axial channel, the housing is made of polymeric or composite or combustible material at the same time, the channel is made rectangular in cross section, and a through slot slot is made in the case. 2. Means of initiation according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner surface of the walls of the channel is made smooth, rough or with reefs. 3. Means of initiation according to claim 1, characterized in that a flange is made around the perimeter of the upper opening of the channel. 4. The initiation means according to claim 1, characterized in that the part of the body from the side receiving the initial impulse is sealed, for example with a film, membrane, foil or varnish over the composition. 5. Igniter, characterized in that it contains a means of initiation according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, while the means of initiation is made in the form of an insert into the body of the igniter or at the same time with the body of the igniter. 6. The igniter according to claim 5, characterized in that it contains a percussion mechanism, including a drummer and a head, which are made together or as separate elements and optionally comprise a stopper, a cotter pin, a ring and a safety bracket. 7. The igniter according to claim 6, characterized in that the striker is made in the form of a wedge-shaped element with a blunt or pointed end or T-shaped in longitudinal section. 8. The igniter according to claim 6, characterized in that the striker is installed in the axial channel means of initiation. 9. The igniter according to claim 6, characterized in that the percussion mechanism is made with the possibility of longitudinal or radial movement in the housing. 10. The igniter according to claim 6, characterized in that the igniter composition is applied to the surface of the striker. 11. The igniter according to claim 6, characterized in that the firing pin contains a cavity communicating with its external surface with a pyrotechnic, explosive or flammable substance. 12. The igniter according to claim 6, characterized in that the initiation means, the drummer and the firing pin are made combustible. 13. The igniter according to claim 6, characterized in that the initiation means is sealed at the outlet side of the sealing membrane and / or by attaching the igniter to the charge-initiated container. 14. The igniter according to claim 13, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of screwing onto the body of an explosive or pyrotechnic device or screwing it into it, or is installed with the help of glue. 15. Ammunition, characterized in that it contains a means of initiating ignition according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, while the means of initiation is made in the form of an insert into the body of the munition or at the same time with the body of the munition. 16. Pyrotechnic device, characterized in that it contains a means of initiation according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, wherein the initiation means is made in the form of an insert into the body of the pyrotechnic device or at the same time as the body of the pyrotechnic device.

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