RU2686112C2 - Communication cable - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cable industry.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to cable industry and can be used in design of communication cables and electronic equipment, and is used in production of cables for subscriber networks of broadband access, traditional telephone networks, Internet telephony, multichannel digital television, structured cabling systems, distance learning, video telephony, security alarm systems, video surveillance systems, when operating on urban, corporate, rural and similar communication networks, including using digital subscriber line (xDSL) transmission systems.EFFECT: technical result consists in improvement of reliability during cable operation.5 cl, 12 dwg

Description

COMMUNICATION CABLE

The invention relates to the cable industry and can be used in the design of communication cables and electronic equipment, and used in the manufacture of cables for subscriber broadband access networks, traditional telephone networks, Internet telephony, multi-channel digital television, structured cable systems, distance learning, video telephony, systems security alarm systems, video surveillance systems, when operating on urban, corporate, rural and similar communication networks, including mations transmission systems of digital subscriber line (xDSL).

The invention relates to the cable industry and can be used in the construction of communication cables in a monolithic shell, during installation and the possibility of cold cutting, without the need for heating.

Known communication cable containing at least one pair of conductive cores with the possibility of transmission of the signal, isolated from each other by an internal insulator and twisted into a spiral, which is covered with an external insulator so that it fills all the voids between the insulated conductors. In this cable, the conductors are twisted into a spiral with a pitch of 10 to 80 mm, and the inner and outer insulators are high-frequency polymer dielectrics from a number of polyolefins that are homogeneous to each other, with a heat stabilizer added to the outer insulator — diafene HH from 0.05% to 0.2 % and light stabilizer - carbon black from 1% to 3%. (RF patent №2476944).

The disadvantage of the known cable is the impossibility of cutting the cable, while maintaining the insulation of the conductive wires, which is not damaged, as insulation and sheaths are soldering, which makes it difficult to carry out high-quality installation and increases the number of line failures.

In the prior art it is known that the application of talc on the insulation of the cores is used to ensure the removal of the shell without damaging the insulation of the conductive cores and this is due to the anti-adhesive properties of talc. This is known, for example, from RU 96284 U1, 07.20.2010; 115551 U1, 04/27/2012; 129291 U1, 06/20/2013.

Known communication cable containing at least one coil twisted from a pair of conductive wires, isolated from each other by an internal insulator, with the possibility of transmitting a signal, and covered with an external insulator, and the internal and external insulators are made of high-frequency polymer dielectric from polyolefins, characterized in that the helix is enclosed in an intermediate shell with preserving the air space between the insulated conductors and the intermediate shell, made of and having a melting temperature greater than the melting temperature of the outer insulator (patent №2568859). The disadvantage of the known cable is the preservation of the above-mentioned airspace, which is unacceptable in the case of a monolithic shell and leads to moisture penetration.

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is a communication cable (RU 82921 U1, 10.05.2009) containing a monolithic sheath and containing: at least two copper conductive wires with a diameter of 0.51 or 0.52 mm coated with polymer insulation, twisted in pairs, monolithic shell covers the said conductors.

The disadvantages of the known cables, including the closest analogue, are:

1. The impossibility of removing the cable sheath, as the sheath is soldered to the insulation of the conductive wires.

2. The presence of air space between the conductors, which is unacceptable for a cable in a monolithic sheath.

3. The inability to use the cable when laying in the ground and cable ducts.

The technical problem solved by the claimed invention is to increase the reliability of the cable when it is laid in any environment, including damp (soil, cable ducting, etc.) and to enable the cable to be cut into a monolithic sheath, namely, the removal of the monolithic shell without damage to the insulation of conductive wires.

The claimed communication cable, as well as the closest analogue, contains at least two copper conductive wires with applied polymer insulation, twisted in pairs, and a polymer sheath is superimposed on the twisted conductor wires in polymer insulation.

Distinctive features of the claimed invention, allowing to solve the above technical problem, is that around each conductive core with polymer insulation, microparticles of talc are placed, located under the monolithic polymer shell, superimposed with filling all voids. The monolithic polymer shell is applied by extrusion to the conductor cores, enclosed in polymer insulation, on which microparticles of talc are pre-applied.

Copper conductors with applied polymer insulation are twisted in pairs, with any twisting steps and may have a diameter of 0.40-4.20 mm.

The technical result provided by the use of the invention, is to create a cable that allows you to solve this technical problem and get a communication cable with a combination of the following qualities:

- improving the convenience of cable cutting, i.e. removing the shell without damaging the insulation of the conductor;

- increase in reliability during cable operation;

- the possibility of cutting the cable without the use of heat;

- the possibility of installation in all weather conditions;

- the use of various polymeric materials on the shell and insulation of conductive wires;

- the possibility of laying the cable of the claimed design in any environment (soil, cable ducts, etc.)

The achievement of this result is due to the fact that microparticles of talc are used to apply around each conductive core with insulation, and the monolithic polymer shell is applied to fill all the voids inside it. The use of talc in the form of microparticles prevents soldering of the polymer material of the insulation of conductive cores with the polymer monolithic sheath and at the same time its presence ensures the preservation of the “solidity” properties of the cable, while allowing the cable to be cut without damaging the insulation of the conductive cores without using the sheath.

Talc microparticles, in contrast to commonly used ground talc, make it possible to preserve the solidity of the structure, i.e. ensure the absence of voids inside the monolithic polymer shell, in particular, between the shell and polymer insulation conductive veins, which is explained by the use of talc or microtalc microparticles, see, for example, GOST 19284-79, which discloses the use of microtalc as a filler for dark enamel colors, paints, primers and fillers. When using conventional ground talc, which is widely used as an anti-adhesive agent, air cavities can occur around relatively large particles of talc. This can lead to a leakage and performance problems when using the cable for laying it in the ground and in the cable sewage system.

The application of talc microparticles is possible using any devices and methods, while maintaining the properties of the monolithic shell. Methods for applying an adhesive agent in the form of a powder (talc) are widely known, see, for example, the technical solution for SU 768655, 10/07/1980, regarding the method of applying talc in the manufacture cable products, while as a result of carrying out the method, only talc "captured" by the product remains on the surface of the polymer coating of the product (in the claimed invention, microparticles of talc on the polymer coating conductive), and the excess is removed from the surface of the product with brushes.

Monolithic outer shell is applied by extrusion:

- on twisted conductive wires in polymer insulation, covered with talc microparticles, and on a supporting force element (cable twisted from galvanized steel wires with a diameter of 0.2 to 1.5 mm), which is parallel to the twisted conductor wires through a separation base (jumper) or without it;

- or on twisted conducting wires in polymer insulation, covered with talc microparticles, without a carrying force element.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

FIG. 1 - monolithic shell with two conductive copper strands twisted in a pair, in polymer insulation with micro-particles of talc applied on it.

FIG. 2 - monolithic shell with two pairs of conductive copper strands twisted in a pair, in polymer insulation with micro-particles of talc applied on it.

FIG. 3 - monolithic shell with two conductive copper conductors in polymer insulation coated with microparticles of talc enclosed in an outer shell; between the monolithic shell and the outer shell there is a copper tinned core and a screen.

FIG. 4 - monolithic shell with two conductive stranded copper conductors in polymer insulation with microparticles of talc and water blocking material applied on it.

FIG. 5 - monolithic shell with a jumper, covering the load-bearing power element and two conductive copper wires in polymer insulation with micro-particles of talc coated on it.

FIG. 6 - a monolithic shell without a jumper, covering the supporting power element and two pairs of conductive copper wires in polymer insulation with micro-particles of talc coated on it.

FIG. 7 - monolithic shell with two conductive copper conductors twisted in a pair, in polymer insulation with microparticles of talc coated on it, enclosed in an outer shell; between the monolithic shell and the outer shell there is a carrying force element.

FIG. 8 - a monolithic shell without a jumper, covering two load-bearing power elements and two conductive copper wires, twisted in a pair, in polymer insulation with micro-particles of talc applied on it.

FIG. 9 - a monolithic shell without a jumper, covering two load-bearing power elements, located symmetrically in the longitudinal plane of the cable and two conductive copper conductors twisted in a pair, in polymer insulation coated with talc microparticles.

FIG. 10 - a monolithic shell without a jumper, covering the load-bearing power element and two conductive copper conductors, twisted in a pair, in polymer insulation with micro-particles of talc applied on it.

FIG. 11 is a monolithic shell with a bridge covering two pairs of conductive copper wires in polymeric insulation with talcum microparticles applied on it.

FIG. 12 - a monolithic shell with two conductive copper conductors in polymer insulation with micro-particles of talc coated on it, enclosed in an outer shell.

In the drawings, the positions show the following elements:

1 - conductive copper conductor;

2 - polymer insulation continuous and / or semi-air and / or porous and / or film-porous and / or film-porous-film from a polymeric material (polyethylene (low, medium or high pressure), cross-linked polyethylene, polyethylene foam, polyvinyl chloride plastic, silicon rubber, rubber, polyurethane, fluoroplast, etc.);

3 - talc microparticles (conditionally enlarged on the drawings);

4 - monolithic shell (polyethylene (low, medium or high pressure), expanded polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride plastic, cross-linked polyethylene, fluoroplastic, rubber, silicone rubber, polyurethane, material with reduced flammability and reduced fire hazard);

5 - drainage copper tinned vein (wire;

6 - screen made of aluminum tape, and / or from alumopolymer tape, and / or from aluminoflex tape, and / or from copper wires, and / or from tinned copper wires.

7 - outer shell (polyethylene (low, medium or high pressure), polyethylene foam, polyvinyl chloride plastic, cross-linked polyethylene, fluoroplastic, rubber, silicone rubber, polyurethane, material with low flammability and low fire hazard);

8 - water blocking material;

9 - separation base cable (jumper);

10 - bearing power element.

The application of polymer insulation 2 and the twisting of conductive copper wires 1 in polymer insulation 2 is carried out by methods well known in the art. The application of talc microparticles 3 is carried out by means of talking devices, which are also well known or by any other method while preserving the features of the present invention. To remove excess talc after talking, vibro-wheels, cleaners, compressed air or brushes are used.

In one form of implementation, the conductor 1 can be made of stranded. In another embodiment, the cable is characterized in that in it the polymer insulation 2 of the conductive wires is insulation selected from the group including: solid insulation, semi-air insulation, porous insulation, film-porous insulation, film-porous-film insulation made of polymer material and combinations of these. In yet another embodiment, the cable is characterized in that said insulation 2 of the conductive wires 1 is made of a polymer material selected from the group consisting of low-pressure polyethylene, medium-pressure polyethylene, high-pressure polyethylene, polyethylene foam, cross-linked polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride plastic rubber, rubber, polyurethane, fluoroplastic and combinations thereof. In another embodiment of the cable, the conductive wires 1 further comprise a water blocking material 8 (see FIG. 4).

The polymer monolithic cable sheath 4 can be made of a material selected from the group including polyvinyl chloride plastic, light stabilized low or medium or high pressure polyethylene, crosslinked polyethylene, fluoroplastic, rubber, polyethylene foam, polyurethane, silicone rubber, polyolefin, and combinations thereof.

The communication cable may further comprise a shield 6, which may be located between the monolithic sheath 4 and the outer sheath 7 of the cable (see Fig. 3).

In another embodiment, the cable is characterized in that the above-mentioned screen 6 is made of a material selected from the group including aluminum tape, alumopolymer tape, alumino flex tape, copper wires, tinned copper wires and combinations thereof.

In another embodiment, the cable is characterized by the fact that in it the above-mentioned screen 6 is preferably provided with a drainage copper tinned core 5 (see FIG. 3).

In one embodiment, the cable is characterized in that in it the supporting force element 10 is made of a material selected from the group comprising one wire or cable (galvanized steel and / or galvanized steel and / or brass steel and / or chrome-plated steel wire and / or stainless steel wires twisted into a cable).

In another embodiment, the cable is characterized in that the aforementioned carrier power element 10 is made of threads selected from the group including aramid threads, kevlar threads, polyamide threads, glass fibers and combinations thereof, wherein said threads are twisted into a cable or have a longitudinal laying . In addition, in the cable the carrier power element 10 can be made in the form of filaments arranged in a layer between the monolithic sheath 4 and the outer sheath 7 of the cable, so that this layer partially or completely covers the monolithic sheath.

In one form of execution of the bearing power element 10 can be made of at least one fiberglass rod.

Bearing power element 10 is laid in the above-mentioned monolithic sheath 4 cables in one place. Or, alternatively, the cable may contain two load-bearing power elements 10, which are laid in the above-mentioned monolithic sheath 4 of the cable in two places (see Fig. 8 and Fig. 9).

In one form of implementation, the cable is characterized in that the cable contains several shells. Namely, twisted current-carrying conductors 1 in insulation 2 covered with talc microparticles 3 can be placed in a monolithic shell 4, which is covered from above with a second outer shell (indicated by position 7) together with the supporting force element 10 (Fig. 3, Fig. 7) without separation base - jumpers 9. It is possible that there is a separation base - jumper 9.

Copper conductor 1 in a monolithic shell 4 can be located parallel to the supporting force element 10, through the separation base (jumper) 9 (see Fig. 5). In yet another embodiment, the cable is characterized in that in the monolithic shell 4, copper conductor wires 1 are arranged in parallel with the supporting force element 10 and are connected to it without a jumper (see FIGS. 6, 8, 9, 10).

The bearing power element 10 can be made in the form of a single cable (spiral) strand, or a cable of a double (cable) strand, or a cable triple (cable) strand.

In addition, the supporting power element 10 may contain shaped wires in the outer layer and belong to the group of closed or, in another embodiment, belong to the group of semi-closed.

In yet another embodiment, the carrier power element 10 can be twisted into one layer (single layer), or twisted into two layers (two-layer), or twisted into three layers (three-layered), or twisted into four layers (four-layer). In addition, the supporting power element 10 of the cable in the shape of the cross-section of the strands can be circular, or shaped, or triangular, oval, or flat, or three-spin, or oval-shaped, or flat.

In one form of execution, the cable is characterized by the fact that the carrier power element 10 is a point-to-point cable (TK) wire between the layers, with the same or different direction of twisting in separate layers. In another form of execution of the cable is characterized by the fact that the carrier power element 10, is a cable with a linear touch (LC) wires between the layers. In another embodiment, the cable is characterized by the fact that the carrier power element 10 is a cable with a linear touch of wires between the layers with the same diameter (LC-O) wires along the strand layers. The cable is made of one or two-layered twist, the wires of which are twisted around the central or core, as well as among themselves without a central wire. In another form of execution, the cable is characterized by the fact that the carrier power element 10 is a cable with a linear touch of wires between layers with different diameters (LK-R and LK-PP) wires in the outer layer of the strand. In another embodiment, the cable is characterized by the fact that the carrier power element 10 is a cable with a linear touch of the wires between the layers and the filling wires (LC-3). In another embodiment, the cable is characterized by the fact that the carrier power element 10 is a cable with a linear touch of wires between layers and having strands in layers with wires of different diameters and layers with wires of the same diameter (LC-RO and LC-OR). In another embodiment, the cable is characterized by the fact that the carrier power element 10 is a cable with a combined point-to-linear touch (TLK) wire. In another embodiment, the cable is characterized in that the carrying power element 10 is a cable with a strip touch (PC) (plastically deformed).

In yet another embodiment, the cable is characterized by the fact that the carrier power element 10 is a cable with an organic core of natural fibrous or synthetic materials (OS).

In another embodiment, the cable is characterized by the fact that the carrier power element 10 is a cable with a metal core (MC).

In one form of execution, the cable is characterized by the fact that the supporting power element 10 is a non-spinable cable according to the twisting method, with the internal voltage removed from the wires by preformation.

In another form of execution of the cable is characterized by the fact that the carrier power element 10 is a unwinding cable according to the twisting method.

In one form of execution, the cable is characterized by the fact that the carrier power element 10, is a straightened cable according to the method of balance, with the removed internal process voltage, reduced torque.

In another form of execution, the cable is characterized by the fact that the carrier power element 10 is an unclaimed cable according to the method of balance.

In yet another embodiment, the cable is characterized by the fact that the direction of twisting of the supporting power element 10 can be right, or left, or alternating (left-right), or the elements of the carrying power element 10 are twisted in a cross direction, or the indicated elements are twisted in a unilateral direction, or elements are twisted with a combined direction.

In another embodiment, the cable is characterized by the fact that the supporting power element 10 is a rotating cable according to the degree of torsion or a low-spinning cable (MK) according to the degree of torsion.

In one embodiment, the cable is characterized in that the wires used for the carrier power element 10 are of high quality (VC), or of improved quality (B), or normal quality (1).

In one embodiment, the cable is characterized by the fact that galvanized wires are used for the supporting force element 10 depending on the surface density of zinc class C (for medium aggressive working conditions) or galvanized wires are used depending on the surface density of zinc class Z (for hard aggressive working conditions ), or use galvanized wire, depending on the surface density of zinc class coolant (for especially harsh aggressive working conditions).

In one embodiment, the cable is characterized in that a carrier power element 10 of high accuracy (T) or normal accuracy is used.

In another embodiment, the cable is characterized by the fact that the wires of the supporting power element 10 are twisted with dielectric elements (aramid thread and / or glass fiber).

In one embodiment, the cable is characterized in that a lubricant and / or anti-putrid material is applied and / or applied to the supporting force element 10.

In another embodiment, a cable is characterized in that the above-mentioned sheath contains or consists of the material:

flame retardant for group laying,

and / or flame retardant for group laying, with reduced smoke and gas emission,

and / or flame retardant during group laying and not emitting corrosive gaseous products during combustion and smoldering,

and / or flame retardant for group laying, with reduced smoke and gas emission and with low toxicity of combustion products,

and / or flame retardant during group laying and not emitting corrosive gaseous products during combustion and smoldering and with low toxicity of combustion products,

and / or flame-retardant, flame retardant for group laying, with reduced smoke and gas emission,

and / or flame-retardant, flame retardant during group laying and not emitting corrosive gaseous products during combustion and decay,

and / or flame-retardant, flame retardant during group laying, with reduced smoke and gas emission and low toxicity of combustion products,

and / or flame-retardant, flame retardant for group laying and not emitting corrosive gaseous products during combustion and smoldering and with low toxicity of combustion products.

As the results of comparative tests show, ceteris paribus, the effort required to separate the monolithic shell 4 from the conductive cores 1 in polymer insulation 2 of the cables according to the claimed invention is less than without talc microparticles 3; the number of spikes between polymer insulation 2 of the conductive cores 1 and the monolithic polymer shell 4 also decreased.

Claims (5)

1. Communication cable in a monolithic shell containing at least two copper conductive wires in polymer insulation, twisted in pairs with any twisting steps, which are covered with an external polymer monolithic shell, characterized in that around the polymer insulation of each conductive wire microparticles of talc are applied, and monolithic the polymer shell is superimposed to fill all voids on the twisted conductor in polymer insulation coated with talc microparticles, or the monolithic polymer shell is superimposed to fill in ex voids in the conductive strands twisted in a polymeric insulation, the coated microparticles of talc, and carrying a power element in the form of a rope, twisted from galvanized steel wires and disposed in parallel twisted conductive strands through the separation base - jumper or without separating the base - jumpers. 2. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the conductive wires are made of multi-wired. 3. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the insulation of the conductive wires is an insulation selected from the group including: continuous insulation, semi-air insulation, porous insulation, film-porous insulation, film-porous-film insulation made of polymeric material and combinations thereof. 4. The cable according to claim 3, characterized in that it contains the aforementioned insulation of conductive cores made of a polymer material selected from the group including low-pressure polyethylene, medium-pressure polyethylene, high-pressure polyethylene, polyethylene foam, cross-linked polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride plastic, organosilane rubber, rubber, polyurethane, fluoroplastic and combinations thereof. 5. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains the aforementioned polymeric monolithic shell made of a material selected from the group including polyvinyl chloride plastic, light stabilized low and medium or high pressure polyethylene, cross-linked polyethylene, fluoroplastic, rubber, expanded polyethylene, polyurethane, silicon rubber, polyolefin and combinations thereof.

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