RU2673568C2 - Overhead communication cable - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cable industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the cable industry and can be used in the construction of communication cables and electronic equipment, and also in the manufacture of cables for subscriber broadband access networks, traditional telephone networks, Internet telephony, etc. Overhead communication cable contains a sheath, inside of which a core is located containing 1÷100 pairs of copper conductors with a diameter of 0.40÷1.20 mm, enclosed in isolation, and the power element, made mainly in the form of at least one steel wire located parallel to the core or cable made of steel wire with a diameter of 0.2÷1.5 mm, and/or from natural or synthetic yarns, the shell, inside of which the power element is located, is applied with compression, the cable is made of a single spiral twist, or double cable strand, or triple cable strand, while the tensile force of the cable to break more than the weight of one kilometer cable.

EFFECT: invention provides long-term reliable operation of the suspension cable in all weather conditions.

48 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the cable industry and can be used in the construction of communication cables and electronic equipment, and used in the manufacture of cables for subscriber broadband networks, traditional telephone networks, Internet telephony, multi-channel digital television, structured cable systems, distance learning, video telephony, systems security alarm systems, video surveillance systems, when operating on urban, corporate, rural and similar communication networks, including those using mations transmission systems of digital subscriber line (xDSL). Next - suspended communication cable, designed for suspension on the supports of overhead communication lines and inaccessible places.

BACKGROUND

When establishing communication between different points, the overhead lines of low-pair and multi-pair communication cables are mounted on a remote steel aforementioned power element on supports using fasteners.

A communication cable with a cable is known, containing at least two insulated conductive conductors in a sheath, above which parallel to the conductive conductors there is a cable in a sheath that is connected to the cable sheath by a jumper, characterized in that the cable is made in the form of galvanized steel wires twisted between each other with a diameter of 0 , 3 to 1.0 mm, and the cable sheath, jumper and cable sheath are made in one technological operation and represent a single design (utility model of the Russian Federation No. 127240).

The disadvantages of the known cable is the ability to break the cable under the action of its own weight, in particular, when attaching with large spans.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem solved by the present invention is the creation of a device having a combination of the following qualities:

- reliability during cable operation due to the provision of high tensile and tensile mechanical properties and elimination of damage to the insulation of the power element (cable, rope), including when mounting on supports with increased spans;

- elimination of uneven tension between the supports due to slipping of the cable inside the shell;

- breakage of the shell as a result of poor adhesion of the bearing power element and its shell.

The specified technical problem is solved due to the fact that the proposed communication cable suspended contains a sheath, inside which is a core containing 1 ÷ 100 pairs of copper conductors with a diameter of 0.40 ÷ 1.20 mm, enclosed in insulation, and a power element made mainly in the form parallel to the core of at least one steel wire or cable made of steel wire with a diameter of 0.2 ÷ 1.5 mm, or from a combination of steel wire and natural threads, or completely made from natural or synthetic threads, the sheath in the morning of which the power element is located, it is superimposed with compression, the power element in the form of a cable is made of a single spiral strand or a double cable strand, or a triple cable strand, while the tensile force of the cable to break more than the weight of one kilometer of cable is at least 1.05 times.

In the particular case of carrying out the invention, the power element of a single lay contains shaped wires in the outer layer and belongs to the group of closed cables or semi-closed cables.

In another particular case of the invention, the power element, double or triple twisted in one layer or in two layers, or in three layers, or in four layers with the same or different direction of the lay on separate layers.

In addition, in the particular case of carrying out the invention, the power element in the form of a cross section of the strands refers to a circular, or shaped, or triangular, or oval, or flat

In another particular embodiment of the invention, the power element is a single lay cable with a point contact of the wires between the layers.

In the particular case of the invention, the power element of a single lay is a cable with a linear touch (LC) of the wires between the layers.

Moreover, in the particular case of the invention, the power element is a cable with a linear touch of the wires between the layers at the same diameter (LK-O) of the wires along the layers of the strand, or a cable with a linear touch of the wires between the layers at different diameters (LK-R and LK-PP ) wires in the outer layer of the strand.

In another particular case of the invention, the power element of a single lay is a cable with a linear touch of the wires between the layers and the filling wires (LK-3).

In addition, in the particular case of carrying out the invention, the single lay power element is a cable with a linear touch of the wires between the layers and with layers in the strand with wires of different diameters and layers with wires of the same diameter (LK-RO and LK-OR).

In the particular case of the invention, the power element of a single lay is a cable with a combined point-linear touch (TLC) of the wires or with a strip touch (PC) of the wires.

Additionally, in the particular case of carrying out the invention, the power element is a cable, which, according to the method of twisting, is non-spinning, with the internal tension of the wires removed by preformation, or unwinding.

In another particular case of carrying out the invention, the power element is a straightened cable with a removed internal process voltage, reduced torque, or an unfastened cable.

In addition, in the particular case of the invention, the twist direction of the power element is right, or left, or alternating, that is, left-right.

In the particular case of the invention, the cable and its double and triple lay elements are twisted in a cross direction, or a one-way direction, or a combined direction.

In another particular case of carrying out the invention, the power element of a single lay on the degree of twist is a rotating cable or low-twisted cable (MK).

The cable sheath is made mainly of material selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, light stabilized polyethylene of low, medium or high pressure, crosslinked polyethylene, fluoroplastic, rubber, foamed polyethylene, polyurethane, silicone rubber, polyolefin and combinations thereof. In this case, the power element is separated from the core of the cable. In this case, the aforementioned shell contains or consists of a material that does not propagate combustion in a group gasket, having one or more properties selected from the group including reduced smoke emission during combustion and / or decay, reduced gas emission during combustion and / or decay, absence emission of corrosive products of combustion and / or decay, low toxicity of products of combustion and / or decay, and fire resistance.

Conductors and the power element are inside the same shell and are interconnected by a jumper made of the same material as the material of the said shell. In this case, the jumper, the sheath of the conductive conductors and the power element can be performed in a single technological operation.

According to another embodiment of the cable, the conductive conductors and the power element are located inside the aforementioned sheath without a jumper. This shell, which does not have a jumper, can also be performed in whole in one technological operation.

The technical result provided by using the invention consists in creating a cable with high reliability and high tensile and tensile mechanical properties, which is achieved due to the technology of applying a sheath of a power element with compression, which provides for filling all voids around wires or threads or single strands of single cable spiral lay or double cable lay, or triple cable lay, and the sheath may be a tube or a monolithic sheath, and force th element is separated from the cable core. This distinguishes the claimed invention from analogues known from the prior art, in which the sheath covering the power element (cable) did not give full adhesion to the cable or reliable adhesion to the power element and the slipping of the power element relative to the sheath was achieved by complicated means, in particular by gluing the sheath and a cable (see US Pat. No. 5,095,176), or with a complex structure, such as, for example, US Pat. No. 4,956,523, in which there is no direct contact between the outer sheath and the force element. When the cable sheath is applied by compression, in which all voids around the wires (filaments) that form the cable of a single spiral twist or double cable twist or triple cable twist are filled, and its slipping in the sheath during suspension is excluded, which eliminates the cable sagging between the supports that occurs due to poor adhesion of the sheath and cable, high mechanical characteristics of the cable as a whole for tensile and tearing are provided. As a result, with the cable construction described above, including all the mentioned special cases of the cable and sheath material, the number of pairs of copper core cores, the diameter and the number of wires or threads in the power element can be such that the allowable tensile tensile force is greater than the weight of one kilometer of cable , for example, 1.05 times or more, while the claimed cable design provides long-term high reliability of the suspension cable in all weather conditions (wind load, icing, etc.) during installation even on supports with spans of 40-60 m due to high mechanical characteristics.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict the following.

In FIG. 1 - a cable is shown in which the conductive conductors and the power element are inside one (unified) sheath, while the conductive conductors and the central element are located in the tube-shaped part of the sheath (connected by a jumper to the part of the sheath in which all voids around wires (threads) forming a power element.

In FIG. 2 - a cable is shown in which the conductive conductors and the power element are inside a single sheath without a jumper, the part of the sheath in which the power element is enclosed is superimposed with filling all the voids around the wires (threads).

In FIG. 3 - a cable is shown in which the conductive conductors are located inside an intermediate sheath enclosed in a sheath, while the conductive conductors (without a central element) are located in a tube-shaped part connected by a jumper to a part of the sheath in which all voids around the wires are filled (threads) forming a power element.

In FIG. 4 - shows a cable in which the conductive conductors and the power element are located inside the intermediate shell with the film on the inner surface enclosed in the shell, while between the intermediate shell and the sheath there is a screen and drain tinned copper wire, and the conductive conductors are located in the part of the shell having the shape of a tube connected by a jumper to a part of the sheath in which all voids around the wires (filaments) that form the power element are filled.

In FIG. 5 - shows a cable in which the conductive conductors and the power element are inside a single sheath with a film, a shield and a tinned copper drain wire on the inner surface, and the conductive conductors are located in a part of the shell having the form of a tube connected by a jumper to the part of the sheath in which filling all voids around the wires (threads) that form the power element.

In FIG. 6 - a cable is shown in which the conductive conductors with the film are located inside an intermediate shell having the form of a tube enclosed in a shell, while there is a screen and a tinned copper drain wire between the intermediate shell and the sheath, while the tube with conductive veins is connected by a jumper to a part of the sheath , in which all the voids around the wires (threads) that form the power element are filled.

In FIG. 7 - a cable is shown in which the conductive conductors coated with a polymer layer and the power element are inside one (unified) sheath, while the conductive conductors are located in the part of the monolithic sheath that fills all the voids in the cable connected by a jumper to the part of the sheath in which filling all voids around the wires (threads) that form the power element.

In FIG. 8 - a cable is shown in which conductive conductors coated with polymer and two power elements located symmetrically in the longitudinal plane of the cable are inside a single sheath that fills all the voids of the cable and power element.

In FIG. 9 - a cable is shown in which a pair of conductive conductors coated with a film and a power element are located in parallel and are inside one monolithic sheath, filling all the voids of the cable and power element.

In FIG. 10 - a cable is shown in which pairs of conductive conductors and a power element are located in parallel and are inside one monolithic sheath filling all the voids of the cable and power element, while parts of the sheath in which pairs of conductive conductors and a power element are enclosed by jumpers.

In FIG. 11 - a cable is shown in which the conductive conductors are located inside a monolithic intermediate sheath enclosed in a sheath in which the power element is also located, between the intermediate sheath and the sheath there is a screen and a tinned copper drain wire, a water-blocking material is applied to the insulation of the conductive veins, while the sheath inside of which there is a power element, completely fills all the voids around the wires (threads) that form the power element.

In the drawings, the positions indicated:

1 - conductive copper core.

2 - insulation of a conductive copper core.

3 - cable sheath.

4 - power element.

5 - jumper cable sheath.

6 - intermediate cable sheath.

7 - film.

8 - screen.

9 - drainage tinned copper wire.

10 - water blocking material.

11 - a layer of polymer.

12 is the central element.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Suspended communication cable, contains:

Shell 3, inside of which there is a core placed in said shell 3 and containing 1 ÷ 100 pairs of conductive copper conductors 1 with a diameter of 0.40 ÷ 1.20 mm, equipped with insulation 2, and at least one power element 4 located in parallel said conductive cores 1 and containing at least one steel wire with a diameter of 0.2 ÷ 1.5 mm, while when said element contains two or more wires, they form a cable. The aforementioned power element wire, in one preferred embodiment, is made of a material selected from the group consisting of galvanized steel wire, brass-plated steel wire, chrome-plated steel wire, stainless steel wire, and a combination thereof.

Conductors 1, in one of the preferred forms of execution, are multi-wire (see Fig. 2, 3). The step of twisting the conductive conductors 1 in pairs in one of the preferred forms of execution is the same or in another preferred form of execution, the twisting steps are different. At least two of the aforementioned pairs of conductive conductors 1, in one of the preferred embodiments, are twisted together to form at least one elementary bundle (see Fig. 1). The twisting step of the aforementioned pairs in elementary bundles, in one preferred embodiment, is the same or in another preferred embodiment, the twisting steps are different.

The aforementioned core, in one preferred embodiment, is twisted from the aforementioned pairs of conductive conductors 1 and / or from elementary bundles of conductive conductors 1. In addition, the aforementioned core, in one preferred embodiment, consists of elementary bundles of conductive conductors 1 twisted around a central element 12.

The central element 12 may be either a cordele, or the aforementioned pair of conductive conductors 1, or an elementary bundle of conductive conductors 1, or the aforementioned pair of conductive conductors 1 enclosed in an additional sheath.

Insulation 2 of conductive conductors 1 may be an insulation selected from the group including: continuous insulation, semi-air insulation, porous insulation, film-porous insulation, film-porous-film insulation of a polymeric material and combinations thereof. As the insulation material 2 of the conductive conductors 1, a polymeric material selected from the group including, in particular, low-pressure polyethylene, medium-pressure polyethylene, high-pressure polyethylene, foamed polyethylene, crosslinked polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, silicone rubber, rubber, polyurethane, fluoroplastic is used and combinations thereof. The insulation of 2 conductive conductors 1, - in one of the preferred forms of execution, - varies in color.

The cable sheath 3, made in the form of a tube or in the form of a monolithic sheath with compression in preferred forms, is made of a material selected from the group including polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, light stabilized polyethylene of low or medium or high pressure, crosslinked polyethylene, fluoroplastic, rubber , foamed polyethylene, polyurethane, silicone rubber, polyolefin and combinations thereof.

The insulation 2 of each conductive core 1, in one of the preferred forms of execution, is covered with a thin intermediate layer of polymer 11 with filling all voids, and the density of the polymer in the specified layer 11 is less than the density of the polymer of which the outer sheath 3 of the cable, and these polymers have similar physical properties (see Fig. 7, 8).

The conductive conductors 1 and the power element 4, can be located inside the same shell 3 and connected to each other by a jumper 5 made of the same material as the material of the said sheath 3. The aforementioned jumper 5, the sheath 3 of the conductive conductors 1 and the power element 4, can be performed entirely in one technological operation (see Fig. 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10).

The aforementioned conductive conductors 1 and the power element 4 can be located inside one shell 3 that does not have a jumper 5 (see Fig. 2, 5, 9, 11). Moreover, the aforementioned shell 3, which does not have a jumper, in one of the preferred forms, is made entirely in one technological operation.

The aforementioned casing 3, in one of the preferred forms of execution, contains or consists of a material that does not propagate combustion in a group gasket, having one or more properties selected from the group including, reduced smoke emission during combustion and / or decay, reduced gas evolution during combustion and / or decay, lack of evolution of corrosive products of combustion and / or decay, low toxicity of combustion products and / or decay, and fire resistance.

The cable, in one of the preferred forms of execution, further comprises an intermediate sheath 6 (see Fig. 3, 4, 6, 11).

The aforementioned intermediate shell 6, in one preferred embodiment, comprises at least one layer of material selected from the group consisting of low, medium or high pressure polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, foamed polyethylene, rubber, silicone rubber, cross-linked polyethylene, polyurethane, fluoroplastic, low flammability material and material with reduced fire hazard.

The cable, in one preferred embodiment, further comprises a film 7, preferably from a material selected from the group consisting of polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate. Said film 7, in one preferred embodiment, covers the aforementioned core and / or the aforementioned pairs and / or the aforementioned elementary bundles.

The cable, in one of the preferred embodiments, further comprises a shield 8 that protects the aforementioned core, and / or the aforementioned pairs of conductive wires 1, and / or the aforementioned elementary bundles, the crane 8, in one of the preferred embodiments, - made of a material selected from the group including aluminum tape, aluminum-polymer tape, aluminum-flex tape, copper wires, tinned copper wires and combinations thereof (see Fig. 4, 5, 6, 11). tap 8, in one preferred embodiment, is preferably provided with a tinned copper drainage core 9 (see Figs. 4, 5, 6, 11).

The cable, in one preferred embodiment, further comprises elements of a water blocking material 10 selected from the group including tape, film, thread, powder, hydrophobic filling and combinations thereof.

The cable, in one preferred embodiment, further comprises identification elements, in particular a tape and / or thread.

The said power elements 4, in one of the preferred forms of execution, are laid in the cable sheath in one place (see Fig. 1-7, 9-10) or in several places (see Fig. 8).

The cable, in one preferred embodiment, comprises at least two of the aforementioned power elements which are laid in different places in the aforementioned cable sheath.

The power element 4, in addition to steel wires, may contain natural or synthetic yarns, and the elements of the power element 4, in one of the preferred forms of execution, are selected from the group consisting of aramid yarns, Kevlar yarns, polyamide yarns, glass yarns and combinations thereof . The aforementioned power element 4, in one of the preferred forms of execution, further comprises at least one fiberglass rod.

The power element 4, in one of the preferred forms of execution, is a single spiral strand cable or a double cable strand cable, or a triple cable strand cable.

silt element 4, in one of the preferred forms of execution, contains shaped wires in the outer layer and belongs to the group of closed cables or half-closed cables.

silt element 4, in one of the preferred forms of execution, is twisted in one layer or in two layers, or in three layers, or in four layers.

The power element 4, in one of the preferred forms of execution, according to the cross-sectional shape of the strands, refers to round-shaped, or shaped-strand, or triangular, or oval-shaped, or flat-strand.

The power element 4, in one of the preferred forms of execution, is a cable with point contact (TK) of the wires between the layers, with the same or different direction of the lay on separate layers.

The power element 4, in one of the preferred forms of execution, is a cable with a linear touch (LC) of the wires between the layers.

The power element 4, in one of the preferred forms of execution, is a cable with a linear touch of the wires between the layers with the same diameter (LK-O) of the wires along the layers of the strand, or a cable with a linear touch of the wires between the layers at different diameters (LK-R and LK-PP) wires in the outer layer of the strand.

The power element 4, in one of the preferred forms of execution, is a cable with a linear touch of the wires between the layers and the filling wires (LK-3).

The power element 4, in one of the preferred forms of execution, is a cable with a linear touch of the wires between the layers and having strands in layers with wires of different diameters and layers with wires of the same diameter (LK-RO and LK-OR).

The power element 4, in one of the preferred forms of execution, is a cable with a combined point-linear touch (TLC) of the wires or with a strip touch (PC) of the wires.

The power element 4, in one of the preferred forms of execution, is a cable, which according to the method of twisting is non-unwound, with the internal stress of the wires removed by preformation, or untwisted.

The power element 4, in one of the preferred forms of execution, is a straightened cable with relieved internal process voltage, reduced torque, or an unlaced cable.

The twisting direction of the power element 4, in one of the preferred forms of execution, is right, or left, or alternating, that is, left-right.

The cable and its elements are twisted in a cross direction, in one of the preferred forms of execution, either in a one-way direction or in a combined direction.

The power element 4 according to the degree of twist, in one of the preferred forms of execution, is a rotating cable or low-twisting cable (MK).

Wire ropes, in one of the preferred forms of execution, are of high quality (VK), or high quality (B), or normal quality (1).

Galvanized wire wires, depending on the surface density of zinc, have a class C, that is, for moderate aggressive working conditions, or a class G, that is, for harsh aggressive working conditions, or a coolant class, that is, for particularly severe aggressive working conditions.

The power element 4 has increased accuracy (T), or normal accuracy.

the power element 4 is applied and / or lubricant and / or anti-putrefactive material is introduced.

Claims (48)

1. Suspended communication cable, containing a sheath, inside of which there is a core containing 1 ÷ 100 pairs of copper conductive conductors with a diameter of 0.40 ÷ 1.20 mm, enclosed in insulation, and a power element made mainly in the form of at least parallel to the core one steel wire or cable from steel wire with a diameter of 0.2 ÷ 1.5 mm, and / or from natural or synthetic threads, while the sheath, inside which the power element is located, is superimposed, the cable is made of a single spiral twist, or double t a dew strand, or a triple cable strand, with the tensile strength of the cable breaking more than the weight of one kilometer of cable. 2. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the aforementioned conductive conductors are multi-wire. 3. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the pitch of the aforementioned conductive wires in pairs is the same or the twist steps are different. 4. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it at least two of the aforementioned pairs are twisted together, forming at least one elementary bundle. 5. The cable according to claim 4, characterized in that in it the twisting step of the aforementioned pairs in elementary bundles is the same or the twisting steps are different. 6. The cable according to claim 4, characterized in that in it the aforementioned core is twisted from the aforementioned pairs and / or from elementary bundles. 7. The cable according to claim 4, characterized in that in it the aforementioned core consists of elementary bundles twisted around a central element. 8. The cable according to claim 7, characterized in that in it the aforementioned central element is a cornel, or the aforementioned pair, or an elementary bundle, or the aforementioned pair, enclosed in an additional sheath. 9. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned insulation in it is an insulation selected from the group including: continuous insulation, semi-air insulation, porous insulation, film-porous insulation, film-porous-film insulation of a polymeric material and combination thereof. 10. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned insulation is made of a polymeric material selected from the group including low-pressure polyethylene, medium-pressure polyethylene, high-pressure polyethylene, foamed polyethylene, crosslinked polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, silicone rubber, rubber, polyurethane, ftoroplast and combinations thereof. 11. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned insulation varies in color. 12. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned sheath is made of a material selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, light stabilized polyethylene of low or medium or high pressure, crosslinked polyethylene, fluoroplastic, rubber, foamed polyethylene, polyurethane , silicone rubber, polyolefin and combinations thereof. 13. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the insulation of each conductive core is coated with a thin intermediate layer of polymer with the filling of all voids, the density of which is less than the density of the polymer of which the outer sheath of the cable consists, and these polymers have similar physical properties. 14. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the aforementioned cores and the power element are inside the same shell and interconnected by a jumper made of the same material as the material of the said sheath. 15. The cable according to claim 14, characterized in that in it the aforementioned jumper, the sheath of the cores and the power element are made entirely in one technological operation. 16. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the aforementioned cores and power element are located inside the aforementioned sheath, which does not have a jumper. 17. The cable according to claim 16, characterized in that in it the aforementioned sheath, not having a jumper, is made entirely in one technological operation. 18. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the aforementioned sheath contains or consists of a material that does not spread combustion during group laying, having one or more properties selected from the group including reduced smoke emission during combustion and / or smoldering , reduced gas evolution during combustion and / or decay, the absence of emission of corrosive products of combustion and / or decay, low toxicity of combustion products and / or decay, and fire resistance. 19. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an intermediate sheath. 20. The cable according to claim 19, characterized in that the aforementioned intermediate sheath contains at least one layer of a material selected from the group consisting of low, medium or high pressure polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, foamed polyethylene, rubber, and silicone rubber, cross-linked polyethylene, polyurethane, ftoroplast, material of reduced combustibility and material with reduced fire hazard. 21. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a film, preferably from a material selected from the group consisting of polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate. 22. The cable according to claim 21, characterized in that in it the aforementioned film covers the aforementioned core, and / or the aforementioned pairs, and / or the aforementioned elementary bundles according to claim 4. 23. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a screen. 24. The cable according to claim 23, characterized in that in it the aforementioned screen protects the aforementioned core, and / or the aforementioned pairs, and / or the aforementioned elementary bundles according to claim 4. 25. The cable according to claim 23, characterized in that the aforementioned screen is made of a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum tape, aluminum polymer tape, aluminum flex tape, copper wires, tinned copper wires and combinations thereof. 26. The cable according to claim 23, characterized in that in it the aforementioned screen is preferably provided with a drainage tinned copper core. 27. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the cable therein further comprises water-blocking elements selected from the group including tape, film, thread, powder, hydrophobic filling and combinations thereof. 28. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises identification elements, in particular a tape and / or thread. 29. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the power elements are laid in the cable sheath in several places. 30. The cable according to p. 29, characterized in that the cable contains at least two of the aforementioned power elements, which are laid in the aforementioned cable sheath in different places. 31. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the threads of the power element are selected from the group including aramid threads, Kevlar threads, polyamide threads, glass fibers and combinations thereof. 32. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the power element wire is made of a material selected from the group consisting of galvanized steel wire, brass-plated steel wire, chrome-plated steel wire, stainless steel wire and a combination thereof. 33. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the single-strand power element contains shaped wires in the outer layer and belongs to the group of closed cables or semi-closed cables. 34. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the aforementioned power element, double or triple, is twisted in one layer, or in two layers, or in three layers, or in four layers with the same or different directions of lay on separate layers . 35. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the aforementioned power element, in the form of a cross section of the strands, refers to a circular, or shaped, or triangular, or oval, or flat. 36. The cable according to claim 34, characterized in that in it the aforementioned power element is a single lay cable with a point contact of the wires between the layers. 37. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the aforementioned power element of a single lay is a cable with a linear touch (LC) of the wires between the layers. 38. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the aforementioned power element is a cable with a linear touch of the wires between the layers with the same diameter (LK-O) of the wires along the strands or a cable with a linear touch of the wires between the layers at different diameters ( LK-R and LK-PP) wires in the outer layer of the strand. 39. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the aforementioned single lay power element is a cable with a linear touch of the wires between the layers and the filling wires (LK-Z). 40. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the aforementioned single lay power element is a cable with a linear touch of the wires between the layers and layers in a strand with wires of different diameters and layers with wires of the same diameter (LK-RO and LK- OR). 41. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the aforementioned single lay power element is a cable with a combined point-linear touch (TLC) of the wires or with a strip touch (PC) of the wires. 42. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the aforementioned power element is a cable, which by the method of twisting is non-unwound, with the internal voltage of the wires removed by preformation, or untwisted. 43. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the aforementioned power element is a straightened cable with a removed internal process voltage, reduced torque, or an unfastened cable. 44. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the direction of twisting of the power element is right, or left, or alternating, that is, left-right. 45. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the cable and its double and triple lay elements are twisted in a cross direction, or a one-way direction, or a combined direction. 46. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the aforementioned power element of a single lay according to the degree of twist is a spinning cable or a low-twisting cable (MK). 47. The cable according to claim 32, characterized in that in it the galvanized wire of the cable, depending on the surface density of zinc, has a class C, that is, for moderate aggressive working conditions, or class G, that is, for harsh aggressive working conditions, or coolant class , that is, for particularly harsh aggressive working conditions. 48. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it on the aforementioned power element is applied and / or lubricant and / or anti-putrefactive material is introduced into it.

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