RU2684837C1 - Modular small arms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the small arms. Modular small arms consists of separate functional modules that allow to perform the modules replacement at the user request – when switching to another type of used ammunition, forearm, barrel. Installation of barrel devices is provided. Barrel can be replaced without using a tool.

EFFECT: increase in the small arms operational reliability and the ergonomic properties improvement.

6 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of small arms, in particular to a modular firearm.

Modular firearms in accordance with the invention allows the user to choose the execution of weapons in accordance with individual preferences and needs, as well as to change the individual structural elements (modules) that determine the key technical characteristics of the weapon. Such modules usually include: a trunk, a bolt or a larva of a bolt, a bed or its components, a trigger mechanism, a magazine.

The modular design of a firearm usually includes a central carrier part (frame) with other components and mechanisms attached to it.

For example, an analogue of Sauer 404 is known (MASTERRUZHE Magazine No. 7/2016). Its central part, made of aluminum alloy, has an opening for guiding and moving the shutter, as well as a terminal fixing for the stem of the barrel, the shaft of the magazine, an integrated trigger mechanism, connecting surfaces for the foregrip and butt. The attachment of the store is a classic, safety trigger guard is located behind the store. This solution has several disadvantages. The main disadvantage of this type of central part is the high complexity and low manufacturability of the central part. The classic scheme with the magazine does not allow to reduce the length of the weapon and its mass, and to remove-install the barrel with the help of the terminal connection, it is necessary to disconnect the forearm. The layout of weapons in this case has limited modularity, for example, the trigger mechanism is not a separate module.

An analogue of the Merkel RX Helix is also known (Magazine "Kalashnikov. Weapons, Ammunition, Equipment" No. 10/2010). The central part of this weapon is also made of aluminum alloy, has a seat for mounting hemp stem, shop shaft, butt, integrated trigger mechanism and bolt carrier. Shop detachable classic design, with safety trigger guard, located behind the store. The disadvantages of this arrangement include the increased complexity of manufacturing the carrier of the central part and the reloading mechanism. Using the classic placement of the trigger mechanism does not allow to reduce the length of the weapon and its mass, and to remove-install the barrel it is also necessary to disconnect the forearm. The modularity of such a system is also limited due to the integration of the firing mechanism and slide frame into the central part of the weapon.

Another analogue is known - Blaser R8 (Magazine "Kalashnikov. Weapons, Ammunition, Equipment" No. 11/2011). The central part is made of aluminum alloy, has longitudinal grooves for the guides of the sliding bolt, the shop shaft, the seat of the breech breech. On the lid of the store is a clip with a trigger, detachable along with the store. The disadvantages of this sample are complex bolt carrier, consisting of a large number of parts, which makes it less reliable and technological; as well as the location of the trigger and safety clip directly on the detachable store. This solution makes the finished product more expensive and less technological.

Known analogue Voere LBW (Magazine "Kalashnikov. Weapons, ammunition, equipment" №5 / 2014). The carrier in this system is a steel receiver, which performs the direction of the bolt, which has a seat for fastening the hemp stem, the shaft of the store, and the seats of the trigger mechanism. The lodge is detachable, but its modularity is limited depending on the version: it can be solid, or divided into three parts using an intermediate frame made of aluminum alloy. The classic attachment of the store and the placement of the trigger mechanism in such a layout does not allow to reduce the length of the weapon and its mass, the removal of the barrel implies the mandatory separation of the forearm or box entirely.

With all their constructive diversity, all the above-mentioned samples are multi-caliber modular systems that allow changing the size of the cartridge used by replacing the modules: stem, gate larvae and magazine. At the same time, the general principle of arrangement remains similar: a carrier element (receiver or frame box), replaceable modules. The composition of the modules and methods of their connection with this have significant differences.

The closest analogue is Mauser M03 (Magazine "Sports Afield" No. 2/2011). In its design, the central part is a massive steel part that combines the following functions: the direction of the shutter, the placement of the trigger mechanism, the placement of the shop shaft, the seat of the breech breech. However, this solution has several disadvantages: firstly, the sample has an integral box, the manufacture of which is less technological compared with the invention; secondly, the steel part, which is a skeleton, has a high mass and complexity of execution; thirdly, this weapon uses the classic magazine attachment and the location of the trigger mechanism, which makes it impossible to reduce the length of the weapon.

The objective of the invention is to improve the ergonomic qualities and operational reliability of modular firearms, in particular the distribution of the complex functions of the central part between the individual modules, as well as the elimination of the disadvantages described in the described analogues.

    The indicated problem is solved with the help of the proposed invention, according to which, in a modular firearm, there is a supporting module in the form of a skeleton and functional modules: barrel, bolt, bolt box with trigger mechanism, safety clip on the guide, butt, forend, and magazine, designed to the attachments to the reference module, while the seats on the reference module - frame are made, and the other modules contain connecting means for quick connection to the reference module. For connection with the barrel, the frame contains a prismatic support surface, two holes arranged one behind the other with cap nuts recessed into them and a key located between them, and two response studs and a groove are made on the cylindrical surface of the breech breech. For connection with the bolt box, the frame in the back contains two consecutive pins and two holes, and on the bottom side of the bolt box there are counter seats and two holes for fastening with screws, the bolt box contains an opening for longitudinal movement of the bolt. For connection with a safety bracket, the frame contains a bottom seat with a transverse cut-out, and on the guide bracket there is a response protrusion and a screw hole. To connect with the forearm, the frame in the front part contains an opening, and the forearm contains a mating hole for screw installation. To connect to the butt, a pin is attached to the back of the frame, and a longitudinal hole is made in the butt along the entire length. To install the store in the frame, a shaft is made, which has a trapezoidal shape that expands downwards in cross section.

On the muzzle of the barrel made the thread for installation of choke devices. The percussion mechanism is designed with the possibility of independent removal and staging on a combat platoon. The trunk module can be made in the form of an assembly unit - in the form of a sleeve with lugs and a tube screwed into it with a threaded part of the barrel bore and chamber.

Patented weapons provide the ability to use both different types of calibers by replacing the barrel, gate larvae and magazine, as well as different types of lodges due to the unification of the mount, also allowing the installation of various trigger and impact mechanisms. Provides a reliable base of all modules located on the frame, simplifies the assembly and manufacture of parts.

To replace the barrel, it is enough to unscrew the fastening nuts and remove the barrel from the weapon. When firing through the mating surfaces of the keyway and key, a recoil impulse is transferred from the barrel to the weapon box, thereby unloading the studs from transverse loads. An open-type mechanical sight is placed on the barrel, while a seat is provided on the breech barrel to install an aiming bar or an optical sight bracket. This allows you to maintain the position of the midpoint of hit when firing after replacing the barrel.

Performing on the muzzle of the thread for connecting muzzle devices that reduce the recoil momentum reduces the impact of recoil on the shooter and increase comfort when shooting. The breech of the barrel accommodates the lugs of the barrel for which the bolt is locked.

This solution allows you to get rid of complex and expensive loaded parts - the receiver, thereby reducing the cost and weight of the weapon. The use of such solutions allows for a multi-caliber weapon scheme, in which barrels of various calibers are mounted on a single frame using a unified mounting method.

In more detail, the invention is illustrated by drawings, in which

The following is depicted:

FIG. 1 - Small arms (axonometry);

FIG. 2 - Base frame module (longitudinal section, view from above);

FIG. 3 - Barrel (side view), separate breech (axonometric);

FIG. 4 - Gate module: separate larva (axonometry), separate gate tube (axonometric);

FIG. 5 - The valve box with the trigger mechanism: a separate valve box (section, view from below), a separate trigger mechanism (section);

FIG. 6 - Safety bracket on the guide (axonometric, side view);

FIG. 7 - Shop (side view, axonometry);

FIG. 8 - Handguard (axonometric, longitudinal section);

FIG. 9 - Butt (axonometry, longitudinal section).

In accordance with the invention, the modular weapon contains (Fig. 1) the main module - the frame 1, other modules are attached to it: the replaceable barrel 2 - is possible in several versions, the gate module 3 corresponding to it with the reloading handle, the gate box module 4 with the trigger mechanism 5 , safety bracket 6 on guide 7, magazine 8 having variations for different type and size of cartridge, and three components of the module of the box: handguard 9 and butt 10, which can change independently of each other, nape 11, as well as a set of spacers 12, by installing poured on the butt 10, depending on the requirements.

The base module frame 1 is the central supporting element of the structure and is designed to connect all parts of the carbine. Conventionally, the base module can be divided into several parts. In the first of them, 1a (Fig. 2), the module of the bolt box 4 is installed with the trigger mechanism 5; the second 1b serves as a mine for shop 8; the third 1b, made in the form of a prism, is a guide and serves to mount the barrel 2.

In the lower part of the breech (Fig. 3) of the barrel 2 there are two studs 13, which are necessary for fastening the barrel on the frame 1 with the help of nuts 14 located in the frame 1, which are twisted after assembling the base module with the forearm 9. The groove 2a engages the key 15, installed in the frame 1, and transmits a recoil pulse to the frame 1 of the box. Thanks to the unification of mounting trunks can be of different caliber.

A feature of the gate module 3 (Fig. 4) is a replaceable larva 16, designed for the corresponding cartridge. The barrel bore is locked when the bolt 3 is turned with the larva 16, while its projections 16a are aligned with the corresponding projections 2b in the breech bore 2.

The bolt box module 4 (Fig. 5) with the trigger mechanism 5 consists of two main blocks: the bolt box 4 and the trigger mechanism 5, which are attached to each other by means of pins 17, and then installed in the corresponding seat 1a in the base module (Fig. 2). The bolt box 4 is installed by the central landing hole 4a on the front pin 18 of the frame and is oriented along it by means of the groove 4b, which is installed on the rear pin 19. After this the box is attracted to the frame by screws 20 through the threaded holes 4c. This solution simplifies the assembly and manufacture of parts. The bolt box 4 is designed to guide the bolt 3 and is the base for setting the trigger 5. The trigger 5, attached to the bolt box 4, is designed to control the firing of the weapon.

Safety bracket 6 on the guide 7 (Fig. 6) is designed to control the trigger 5 and fixing the magazine 8 in the weapon. The guide 7 of the safety bracket 6 is attached to the frame 1, resting on the protrusion 7a, and through the opening 7b is attracted by the screw 21. This solution allows for simple assembly and disassembly of the weapon if necessary. The guide 7 serves for the longitudinal movement of the safety bracket 6. While moving, the safety bracket 6 makes it possible to remove / place the magazine 8 into the shaft of the store 1b. The use of this solution reduces the overall length and weight of the weapon.

The magazine 8 (Fig. 7) has a beveled surface 8a, due to which it is able to slide along the similar surface of the safety bracket 6a, thereby allowing the magazine 8 to be fixed. The internal configuration of the magazine 8 allows the use of cartridges of various lengths without changing the overall dimensions of the magazine 8.

The handguard 9 (Fig. 8) is replaceable, it can be replaced independently of the butt 10. The forend 9 is installed on the frame 1 with the help of a screw 22. The butt 10 (Fig. 9), like the forend 9, has several versions, and is also replaceable . This module is installed on the frame 1 using a stud 23 (Fig. 1), a nut 24 and reciprocal mating grooves (Fig. 9). Between the butt 10 (Fig. 1) and the back of the head 11, spacers 12 can be installed by adjusting the length of the butt 10, corresponding to the individual desires of the shooter.

The modules are described in more detail below.

The frame 1 (Fig. 2) of the weapon has connecting, fastening and guiding surfaces, due to which other modules are mounted on it. The seat for the bolt box and the trigger mechanism is made in the form of a through cutout 1a, and also has blind holes for mounting pins 18, 19 and two blind threaded holes for attracting the bolt box 4 to the frame 1 with screws 20. Shaft 1b for a magazine in cross section It has a trapezoidal shape in the vertical direction (a slight extension downwards) so that when you take out the store 8 without biting, the shooter falls into your hand. The installation space 1c for the barrel 2 has two holes, into which hat-shaped nuts 14 are installed, held by screws 25. The studs 13 (Fig. 3) are inserted into the nuts 14 (Fig. 2) and tightened with a wrench. Also in the frame 1 there is a prismatic cut-out, into which a key 15 is pressed, which transmits a recoil impulse from the barrel to the bed. Counter groove 2a (Fig. 3) is located in the lower part of the breech. In the lower part of the frame 1 (Fig. 2) there is a seat 1 g for mounting the safety bracket 6 on the guide 7. The guide 7 (Fig. 6) of the safety bracket 6 attaches to the frame 1, leaning with the protrusion 7a on the notch 1d (Fig. 2) and through the hole 7b (Fig. 6) is attracted by the screw 21 (Fig. 2). In the rear part of the frame 1 there is a threaded hole in which the stud 23 of the frame is installed. Then the stud 23 is inserted into the hole 10a (Fig. 9) of the butt 10 and is fixed by the nut 24 (Fig. 1). It is necessary for fastening the butt 10 to the frame 1.

The barrel 2 (Fig. 3) in the upper part of the breech has two threaded holes for fastening Picatinny rail, plugged with screws 26. On the muzzle of the barrel there is an external thread 2c, which serves to fasten the muzzle brake. On the thread 2c installed protective cap 27.

The shutter 3 (Fig. 4) consists of a removable larva 16, a tube of the shutter 28 and a percussion mechanism 29. The larva 16 of the shutter 3 is a quick-release element for changing the size of the ammunition. When the bore 2 is locked, it engages with the breech stoppers 2b (FIG. 3) of the barrel with its lugs 16a and perceives the pressure of the powder gases when fired. For a quick replacement of the larvae 16 (FIG. 4), a T-shaped protrusion 16b is formed on it, which is included in the corresponding groove in the shutter tube 28a. Fixation is carried out by a spring-loaded latch 30. Tube gate 28 serves to move the shutter 3 in the valve box 4 and control the shutter 3 by means of the handle 31. In normal operation of the shutter 3, the stop 32 protrudes into the central hole 4g of the bolt box 4 and enters the groove 3a of the shutter, remaining in this groove for all manipulations with the shutter 3. (Fig. 5).

The bolt box 4 (Fig. 5) is a housing with a central hole 4g for movement of the bolt, as well as preventing the bolt 3 from falling out in the rear position. An emphasis 32 is placed in another hole with a spring-loaded button 33. An emphasis 32 provides the primary movement of the liner when unlocking the barrel bore. The trigger mechanism 5 is designed to control the firing of weapons, and through the rocker 34 interacts with the safety bracket 6 (Fig. 6). Such an arrangement allows two-stage operation of the trigger mechanism 5, consisting of a free and working stroke of the trigger with different efforts and ensuring complete elimination of the interaction of the trigger 35 with the rocker 34 when the safety bracket 6 is moved to the rear position.

The guide 7 of the bracket (Fig. 6) is located at an angle to the axis of the shaft 1b (Fig. 2) of the magazine for securely pressed magazine 8 to the frame 1 of the weapon and represents (Fig. 6) a U-shaped part with the lower edges concave inward. In the upper part, the guide 7 of the bracket has a window 7c for accommodating and operating parts of the mechanism, and an opening 7b for fastening the guide 7 of the bracket to the frame 1 with a screw 21 (Fig. 1). A bracket 6 is installed in the lower part of the guide 7 (Fig. 6). The safety bracket is designed to control the trigger mechanism and fix the magazine 8 in the weapon. The safety clip 6 interacts with the trigger 5 by means of a hook 35 with a wheel 36. When the trigger 35 is pressed, the wheel 36 presses against the rocker 34, as a result of which a shot occurs.

Store 8 (Fig. 7) has a trapezoidal shape (in the vertical direction it expands downwards) for unhindered extraction from the shaft 1b of the store. On the case of the magazine 8 there are grooves 8b for interaction with the system of levers 4d of the bolt box 4 (Fig. 5). Shops are unified among themselves on the seats, but differ in the size of the cartridge.

Handguard 9 (Fig. 1) is installed on the frame 1 with a screw 22, which is installed in the hole 9a (Fig. 8). In the shank 9 there is a cutout 9b, which serves to position the nut when installing the bipod. If the bipod is not installed, then a plug 37 is inserted into the hole. On the end of the handguard 9, there is an attachment 38 for attaching the belt. Also on the forearm there is a through polymer bushings 39 for access to the barrel nuts when it is replaced. Butt 10 (Fig. 9) has a long hole 10a for mounting the stud 23 (Fig. 1) and securing the stock to the base module. The hole (Fig. 9) in the lower part of the butt 10 serves to install the strap 40 of the belt. Mortise sleeves 41 for fastening the neck 11 (Fig. 1) to the butt 10 with screws 42 are installed in the two rear holes. Spacers 12 have coaxial holes similar to the holes of the head for installation between the butt 10 and the head 11.

The complete assembly of weapons is as follows. You must install the butt 10 on the base module, placing the pin of the frame 23 in the hole 10a of the butt 10 and tighten the nut 24 (Fig. 1). Fix the nape 11 and spacers 12 (if necessary) relative to the butt 10 with screws 42. Install the forearm 9, press it to the frame 1 and secure it with the screw 22. Install the barrel 2, for which it must be placed by the breech on the prism of the frame 1, so that The studs 13 of the barrel 2 entered the holes of the frame 1. With one hand pressing the barrel 2 to the prism of the frame 1 and putting it back, the other to insert the end of the hex key into the holes of the bushings 39 of the fore end 9 and screw the nuts 14, pulling the barrel 2 to the frame 1. Install the bolt box 4 with trigger 5 m with a central hole 4a of planting pin 18 to the front frame and a groove 4b on the rear pin 19, and then tighten the two screws 20 with a hex wrench. Install the safety bracket 6 on the guide 7 into the frame 1, pressing it with the back part against the stop and inserting the protrusion 7a on the guide bracket into the groove of the frame 1e. Holding the bracket 6, pull it back, install the screw 21 in the center hole of the guide and tighten it with a hex wrench. Prepare the bolt 3 for installation, for which the percussion mechanism 29 is moved to the “Cocked” position, and the bolt tube 28 will be able to rotate about its axis. Install the bolt 3, for which, pressing the bolt lock button 33 on the bolt box 4, insert it into the hole, aligning the side groove 3a with the stop 32, then release the button 33. Lock the barrel 2, bringing the bolt 3 to the extreme front position and turning the handle 31 down until it stops. Pull the bracket 6 back until it stops, after which it stands on the delay. Insert the magazine 8 into the shaft 1b until it stops, while the bracket 6, under the action of the spring, returns forward and locks the magazine 8.

To change the size of the cartridge used, it is necessary to change the barrel 2 and, in some cases, the 16 gate bolt and magazine 8. To change the barrel 2 weapons: take the weapon with one hand, holding the trunk breech 2 and grabbing the foregrip 9, and insert the allen key with the other hand in the holes of the bushings 39 of the shank 9 and unscrew the nuts 14; to separate the barrel 2 from the weapon and install the new barrel 2. To change the gate 16 larvae, you must remove the bolt 3. To remove the bolt 3 in the rearmost position, you need to press the button 33 of the stop 32, while the stop 32 comes out of the groove 3a of the bolt and releases the central hole 4g bolt box, then the bolt 3 can be removed. This solution allows reliable direction of the shutter in the absence of the receiver. Making sure that the hammer mechanism 29 is cocked, move the latch 30 of the larva toward the front of the shutter tube 28 and remove the larva 16 from the tube 28, moving it perpendicular to the movement of the latch 30; Attach a new larva 16 of the bolt to the T-slot of the tube 28 of the bolt and insert it until it stops, while the latch 30 automatically locks the larva 16 of the bolt. This solution allows for a simple and quick change of the caliber used.

The proposed technical solution was embodied in the manufacture of prototypes of weapons (hunting carbine KM.1) containing parts and assembly units according to the present invention, which were subjected to combined tests in various conditions in order to determine the guaranteed life of products. The tests consisted in firing weapons in various climatic conditions from minus 50 to 50 ° C, in dusty and sprinkling conditions. All tests of weapons samples ended with a positive result. Samples of products functioned smoothly, no damage or defects were detected.

Details of the claimed modular firearms are quite simple in design, and can be performed according to the traditional proven technology using well-known technical means.

Thus, a modular firearm is easier to use and more reliable by reducing the number of its components and the modularity of certain components.

Claims (6)

1. Modular firearms containing a support module in the form of a frame and functional modules: barrel, bolt, bolt box with a trigger mechanism, safety bracket on the guide, butt, forearm and magazine, made with the possibility of attachment to the support module, while on the support module - the frame is made of seats, and other modules contain reciprocal connection means for quick connection with the support module, characterized in that for the connection with the barrel the frame contains a prismatic support surface spine, two holes arranged one behind the other with cap-type nuts recessed in them and a key located between them, and two response studs and a groove are made on the cylindrical surface of the breech barrel, and the lugs are located at the rear of the breech breech; for connection with the bolt box, the frame in the back contains two consecutive pins and two holes, and on the bottom side of the bolt box there are counter seats and also two holes for fastening with screws; the bolt box contains a hole for the longitudinal movement of the bolt; for connection with a safety bracket, the frame contains a bottom seat with a transverse cut-out, and on the guide bracket there is a response protrusion and a screw hole; for connection with the forearm, the frame in the front part contains an opening, and the forearm contains a mating hole for screw installation; for connection with the butt, a pin is attached to the frame from behind, and a longitudinal hole is made in the butt along the entire length; To install the magazine in the frame, a shaft is made, which has a trapezoidal shape that expands downwards in cross section. 2. Modular firearms under item 1, characterized in that the barrel is configured to detach without using a tool. 3. Modular firearms under item 1, characterized in that the barrel module is made in the form of an assembly unit in the form of a sleeve with combat stops and a pipe screwed into it with a threaded part of the barrel and the chamber. 4. The modular firearm under item 1, characterized in that the muzzle of the barrel is threaded to install the muzzle devices. 5. Modular firearms under item 1, characterized in that on the breech of the barrel there is a seat for installing an aiming bar or an optical sight bracket. 6. Modular firearms under item 1, characterized in that the percussion mechanism is made with the possibility of independent removal and staging on a combat platoon.

Images