RU2684505C1 - Generator of high-voltage pulses for starting of controlled vacuum arresters - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.SUBSTANCE: device relates to means of generating single high-voltage microsecond pulses at low-resistance loads and can be used for starting controlled vacuum arresters, which are part of a magnetic field battery (MFB) of powerful lily induction accelerators. Generator consists of power supply unit, which circuit includes rectifier, current-limiting element and voltage multiplier, and unit for formation of high-voltage pulse with normalized steepness of front, circuit of which includes step-up pulse transformer, primary winding of which is connected to capacitive energy storage unit, charged with direct current, and with high-voltage controlled switch, which is based on transistor or unit of transistors, wherein in parallel to the primary winding of the step-up pulse transformer a protective diode is connected, the anode of which is connected to the high-voltage controlled switch, and the cathode – to the capacitive energy storage, wherein the secondary winding of the step-up pulse transformer is connected to the output of the generator.EFFECT: simplification of the generator circuit, as well as high noise immunity and performance monitoring.1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to high-voltage pulse technology, in particular, to devices for generating single high-voltage microsecond pulses at low impedance loads and can be used to run controlled vacuum dischargers included in the magnetic field battery (BMP) of powerful linear induction accelerators (LIU-R-T LIU-30, LIU-10M, etc.).

The task, the solution of which the invention is directed, is to create a reliable and noise-resistant device for generating a voltage pulse with the required characteristics. One of the main BMP devices is the RVU-43 controlled vacuum arrester, when triggered, the accumulated electric energy in the capacitors is transferred to the functional units of the accelerator. The arrester RVU-43 is turned on by supplying a trigger pulse to the control electrode with a normalized slope of the front formed by an external high-voltage pulse generator, which, in turn, is triggered by an optical pulse. For operation of the RVU-43 arrester in the range of its operating voltage from 0.5 to 30 kV, the amplitude of the starting pulse must be at least 5 kV. minimum ignition current duration of at least 5 μs. The use of a modern automated control system (ACS) on the accelerator requires the availability and availability of the generator to be monitored for start-up.

BING-5 block nanosecond pulse generator (Kudasov V., Pavlov S., Tananakin V. et al. Module pulse nanosecond generators (BING) for universal high-voltage synchronization systems. Digest of Technical Papers, 11-th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference, - 1997. - V. 2. - PP. 1572-1574.). The BIXG-5 generator consists of a high-voltage power supply and an output pulse shaper. A high-voltage power source converts the mains voltage of 220 V 50 Hz to a direct voltage of negative polarity 10 kV to charge sin in parallel connected storage ceramic capacitors of barium amanate with a capacity of 4.7 nF each. The spark gap RU-62 in the generator is used as a switch and is triggered by a pulse with an amplitude of 10 kV. The generator is loaded with three cable lines with a wave impedance of 50 Ohms each. Parameters of a block pulsed nanosecond generator: the amplitude of the output pulse is 10 kV, the rise front is 5 ns, and the signal delay is (130 ± 5) nsec. the storage capacitance is 14.1 nF, the amplitude of the starting electric pulse is 100 V.

The disadvantages of this device is that the trigger pulse generating unit itself is a complex device containing a high-voltage power supply, operating on an outdated element base, and has low electrical strength of high-voltage storage capacitors, which increases the cost of the device and reduces its reliability.

A high-voltage pulse generator is also known for triggering a pulsed hydrogen cathode with a cold cathode of the TDI series, which can also be used to run controlled arresters, including vacuum (patent RU 2619779, publ. 05/18/2017). This generator is selected as the closest analogue and includes a power supply unit and a high-voltage pulse generating unit with a normalized slope of the front. The power supply circuit includes a single-phase network rectifier and a current-limiting element. The circuit of the high-voltage pulse generating unit includes a step-up pulse transformer, the primary winding of which is connected to a capacitive energy storage device charged by direct current, and to a high-voltage controlled switch, which is used as a thyristor controlled by a clock generator. A shunt capacitor is connected to the thyristor control electrode. The saturation inductor and a second shunt capacitor, which reduces the rate of change of voltage across the thyristor, also enter the high-voltage pulse generating unit. To delay the supply of voltage to the grid of a pulsed hydrogen thyratron relative to the thyristor start-up pulse, a clock generator is connected to the thyristor control electrode and to the grid of a thyratron.

A disadvantage of the closest analogue is that a clock generator is included in the control circuit of the switch, which complicates the circuit, in addition, the use of additional capacity and an additional managed switch leads to an increase in mass and dimensions, the lack of control of the generator’s operability can lead to failure of operation. It should also be noted the lack of optical control, which does not allow the use of noise-resistant remote start with galvanic isolation.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to simplify the generator circuit while maintaining the required characteristics of the generated high-voltage pulse. An additional technical result is an increase in noise immunity and providing performance control.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the high-voltage pulse generator for starting controlled vacuum arresters, consisting of a power supply unit, the circuit of which includes a rectifier and a current-limiting element, and a high-voltage pulse generating unit with a normalized slope, the circuit of which includes a boost pulse transformer the primary winding of which is connected to a DC capacitive energy storage device and to a high-voltage controlled switch, is new It means that a voltage multiplier is included in the power supply circuit, and the controlled high-voltage switch is based on a transistor or transistor block, while a protective diode is connected in parallel with the primary winding of the step-up pulse transformer, the anode of which is connected to a high-voltage controlled switch and the cathode is connected to a capacitive storage energy, and the secondary winding of the boost pulse transformer is connected to the output of the generator.

The control circuit of a high-voltage switch may include an optical signal receiver, the output of which is a microcircuit of a level converter, the output of which is connected to the base of a two-arm emitter repeater.

A resistive divider may be included in the power supply to control the supply voltage.

The inclusion in the circuit of the power supply unit of the voltage multiplier allows, without complicating the circuit, to provide the trigger unit with the necessary energy to form the required parameters of the output pulse.

The execution of a controlled high-voltage switch in the form of a high-voltage switch, implemented on transistors connected in parallel, allows to ensure high reliability of operation for discharging a capacitive storage device to the primary winding of a boost pulse transformer and to form the required front of the output pulse with simplicity of the circuit.

The inclusion of a protective diode parallel to the primary winding, the anode of which is connected to a high-voltage controlled switch, and the cathode to a capacitive energy storage device, makes it possible to ensure that the high-voltage switch operates in the safe mode region during the formation of the output pulse in a simple way.

The connection of the secondary winding of the boost pulse transformer with the output of the generator allows you to generate an output pulse of the required amplitude and duration without the use of additional elements and delay circuits, which allows you to galvanically decouple the input of the generator from the high-voltage output, increasing its noise immunity, and greatly simplifies the circuit.

The inclusion of an optical signal receiver in the control circuit of the high-voltage switch, at the output of which a level converter microcircuit is installed, the output of which is connected to the base of a two-arm emitter follower, allows the generator to be launched via an optical channel that is converted into an electrical signal, while ensuring noise immunity of the circuit.

The inclusion of a resistive divider in the power supply unit allows you to control the supply voltage, and monitor the presence of the required voltage on the high-voltage storage capacitor.

In FIG. 1 presents a 3D model of a generator including four independent channels, where;

1 - power supplies,

2 - pulse boost transformers,

3 - optoelectronic trigger units.

4 - high voltage connectors.

5 - matching resistance.

In FIG. 2 presents a structural diagram of the inventive device, where:

6 - rectifier (diode bridge);

7 - voltage stabilizers;

8 - voltage multiplier by two;

9 - current limiting element (resistor)

10 - resistive divider;

11 - OK - optoelectronic inverse converter;

12 - PU - level converter;

13 - EP - two-arm emitter repeater on transistors;

14 - high-voltage storage capacitor (capacitive storage):

15 - protective diode;

16 - transistors of a high voltage switch.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the obtained oscillogram of the amplitude of the output voltage of the generator.

An example of a specific implementation of the claimed device can serve as an optical control generator of high-voltage pulses, designed to run a controlled vacuum spark gap RVU-43, which is part of the BMP of a powerful linear induction accelerator LIU-RT, the Generator includes four independent ropes, structurally combined by a common 19 "- inch case (Fig. 1). Each channel of the generator includes a power supply and an optoelectronic trigger unit. From the front panel there are four trigger blocks and, respectively four power supply, and four high-voltage connector placed on the rear panel of each power supply unit is designed to provide power 5.9 V, 15 V, 620 run in respective optoelectronic unit and consists of.:

- a rectifier in the form of a diode bridge consisting of high-voltage diodes, for rectification of alternating current into direct current;

- current limiting element:

- two voltage stabilizers, one of which is designed to obtain an output voltage of 5.9 V DC, and the other - 15 V;

- double voltage multiplier to obtain an output voltage of 620 V DC;

- resistive dividers to control the output voltage of the power supply. The optoelectronic trigger block consists of:

- optoelectronic inverse converter, converting the input optical signal into an inverse electric signal TTL - level;

- a signal level converter with inversion, which converts the input signal of the TTL - level into an inverted signal with an amplitude of 15 V:

- a two-arm emitter repeater assembled on composite high-frequency bipolar transistors, necessary to increase the load capacity of the signal;

- a managed switch in the form of a high-voltage switch, implemented on powerful, parallel-connected IGBT transistors, switching the primary winding of a pulse transformer;

- pulse boost transformer forming an output pulse of positive polarity:

- a capacitive energy storage device designed to accumulate the necessary energy and transfer it to the primary winding of a pulse boost transformer.

The generator operates as follows.

The energy from the AC voltage network enters the input of the power supply 1 and is stored in the capacitive storage 14 (high-voltage storage capacitor) through a rectifier 6 (diode bridge), which provides rectification of the alternating current to direct current. two-time voltage multiplier 8, which provides an output voltage of 620V and a current-limiting element 9. Voltage stabilizers 7 of the power supply unit 1 provide an output voltage of 5.9 V and 15 V DC for powering the optoelectronic start-up unit 3. Using a resistive divider 10, the power supply is monitored voltage. At the command of the ACS operator of the accelerator, a starting optical pulse is generated with a duration of 4 μs and a front of no more than 2 ns, which is fed to the optical input of the optoelectronic 3 launch unit using an optoelectronic inverse converter (W 11 signal is converted into a 5 V inverse TTL electric signal and fed to the input of the microcircuit of the level 11U 12 converter. The TTL signal of positive polarity 15 V is generated at the output of the PU 12 microcircuit and arrives at the base of the two-arm emitter follower 13, is amplified by current and starts high a switch-voltage switch in the form of an electronic switch 16, made on three powerful parallel-connected pulse transistors, while the accumulated energy from the capacitive storage 14 is switched through the open junctions of the high-power IGBT transistors 16 to a common circuit through the primary junctions of the pulse IGBT transistors. transformer 2 induces a high-voltage pulse of positive polarity. The operability and readiness of the generator to start is carried out by monitoring the secondary voltage s power supply 1 via of ADR.

A prototype generator was made, which was successfully tested in laboratory conditions. The oscillogram of the output high-voltage pulse of the generator is shown in FIG. 3. Thus, using a simple circuit, a high-voltage pulse is formed with the required characteristics for a stable start of the arrester. At present, the generator is successfully used to launch RVU-43 controlled vacuum arresters as part of the LIU-R-T accelerator BMP.

Claims (2)

1. A high-voltage pulse generator for triggering controlled vacuum arresters, consisting of a power supply unit, the circuit of which includes a rectifier with a stabilizer for supplying direct current to the optoelectronic triggering unit, designed to convert the input optical signal into an electric signal for triggering a high-voltage switch on IGBT transistors, designed to switching circuit of the primary winding of a pulse boost transformer, which is part of the high-voltage pulse forming unit with normal a specified steepness of the front, the circuit of which includes the indicated step-up pulse transformer, the primary winding of which is connected to a capacitive energy storage device charged by direct current of the power supply unit with a voltage multiplier, a protective diode is connected in parallel with the primary winding of the specified transformer, the anode of which is connected to the specified high-voltage switch, and the cathode - to a capacitive energy storage, and the secondary winding of the boost pulse transformer is connected to the output of the generator. 2. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the optoelectronic trigger includes an optical signal receiver, the output of which is a level converter chip, the output of which is connected to the base of a two-arm emitter repeater to start the specified high-voltage switch.

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