RU2683470C1 - Hammer crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: disintegrators and crushing devices.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to equipment for grinding solid mineral materials. Crusher contains vertical cylindrical body 1 and a rotor with hinged hammers 3. Hammers 3 are fixed on the rotor by means of axles threaded through holes 7, evenly distributed around the circumference mounted on rotor shaft 5 of disc 6. Hammers 3 are made in the form of a sector and with a concave end surface. Holes 7 are located on at least two circumferences of different radii, and the height of the protruding edges of the end surface of hammer 3 relative to its concave central part is equal to the difference of the radii of the largest and smallest circles of holes 7 on disk 6.EFFECT: crusher allows to increase the service life of hammers, improve the efficiency of crushing, as well as improve the quality of the finished product.3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to equipment for grinding solid mineral materials and can be used in energy, chemical, construction and other industries.

State of the art

Hammers for rotary grinding devices are known from the prior art (see patent DE 8632376 (U1), IPC: B02C 13/28, 02/12/1987; patent DE 7826717 (U1), IPC: B02C 13/28, 04/01/1979), including blade with a hole for mounting on the rotor and shock concave working surfaces.

The disadvantage of these hammers is that in the process of crushing, curved working surfaces instead of direct impacts on the material, impacts with slippage. This affects both a decrease in the quality of crushing, and a decrease in the productivity of crushers and an increase in energy consumption. As a result, despite the use of high-quality steels, the resource of hammers is not high.

Known hammers for hammer crushers (see patent DE 8419526 (U1), IPC: АВВ 33/10, 08/16/1984; patent SU 1315019, IPC: В02С 13/28, published on 07/07/1987), including a blade in the form of a sector with hole for their articulated suspension. The straight-line radially located lateral working faces of the hammer carry out direct frontal impacts, all of which energy is spent on the destruction of the crushed material. This increases the efficiency of crushing and product quality.

The disadvantages of these hammers are low productivity and short life. This is due to the fact that in the process of wear on the hammer striking part a rounding with smooth edges is formed, as a result of which the hammer blow on the material is sliding and less effective, as the radius of curvature and the wear length of the working surface on the hammer striking part increase.

With a large length of wear of the working surface of the hammer, a sharp decrease in productivity and quality of the finished product occurs. Due to the presence of an increased percentage of dust in it, the energy consumption for grinding and consumption of metal hammers increases. In this case, there is a need to reconfigure to work with the unworn corners of the hammers, or to completely replace the rotor hammers.

It is known to beat a hammer mill (see patent SU 1537288, IPC: B02C 13/28, publ. 23.01.1990), containing an eye with several holes for attachment to the holder and a working blade. In this case, the working blade has a slope in the direction of rotation of the beat, and the eye has a slope in the opposite direction. Due to the fact that in such a construction the center of mass of the working blade is located relative to the line connecting the center of mass of the surface of the center of the hole of the eye, opposite the rotation of the surface, the materials collide with both the working blade and the eye - more efficient grinding material. As the working blade wears, the beats are outweighed on different eye holes.

The disadvantage of these beats is the complexity and low reliability of their design.

As the closest analogue to the claimed device, by the presence of similar structural features, a grinding device was adopted (application RU 2018117397, IPC: V02C 13/16, 05/10/2018) containing a vertical cylindrical body and a rotor with pivotally mounted hammers. The hammers have the shape of a sector and are mounted on the rotor by means of axes uniformly distributed around the circumference of the paired disks mounted on the rotor shaft.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the short life of the hammers.

Disclosure of invention

The claimed invention solves the problem of increasing the service life of the hammers, increasing the efficiency of crushing, as well as improving the quality of the finished product.

The problem is solved in that in the hammer mill, containing a vertical cylindrical body, the rotor with pivotally mounted hammers in the form of a sector, mounted on it by means of axes threaded through holes uniformly distributed around the circumference of the disks mounted on the rotor shaft, according to the claimed invention, the hammers are made with a concave end surface, the holes are located on at least two circles of different radii, and the height of the protruding edges of the end surface of the hammer from ositelno its concave central part of the difference is equal to the radii of the largest and smallest of the arrangement of the holes on the drive.

The implementation of the hammer in the form of a sector of the circle ensures the predominance of direct impacts of the side working surfaces on the material, all of whose energy is spent on the destruction of the crushed material. At the same time, the operating conditions of the crusher are the least energy-intensive, and its productivity increases.

Wear on the surface of the hammer begins with the rounding of the end face of its impact part. This reduces the length of the working area interacting with the mass. In this case, the operational performance of the crusher deteriorates: the quality of crushing due to the appearance of a rebound and oblique impact and wear is accelerated, since friction forces appear. Compensation of wear and restoration of the length of the working section of the hammer is carried out by re-hanging the hammers on holes located on the circumference of a larger radius. This ensures that a constant gap is maintained between the end surface of the hammer and the inner surface of the housing, which allows a uniform particle size distribution of the crushed material. The constancy of the aforementioned gap is achieved provided that the amount of wear on the side working surface and the displacement of the hammer attachment point are the same.

It is optimal to make holes on three or four disk circles of different radii. When the holes are located on two circles, there is a sharp difference in the gap between the end surface of the hammer and the inner surface of the case until the subsequent rearrangement of the hammers, which adversely affects the quality of the finished product. Structurally, it is difficult to place holes on circles of more than four. In addition, the presence of a large number of holes makes the disc unreliable and weakens the structure as a whole.

Thus, the above technical results together can extend the life of the hammers, increase the efficiency of crushing, and also improve the quality of the finished product.

In order to ensure the stability of the structure and prevent vibrations caused by imbalance, the holes on each disk circumference are arranged in pairs diametrically opposite.

Structurally concave end surface of the hammer can be made in the form of an arc of a circle.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The crusher is illustrated by the following drawings, which show:

in FIG. 1 - the inventive crusher, a longitudinal section;

in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. one;

in FIG. 3 - the location of the hammers on the disks.

The implementation of the invention

The hammer crusher contains a vertical cylindrical body 1. On the inner surface of the body are mounted body beats 2. The beats are placed in such a way that in combination they form several levels. In the housing, coaxially to it, a rotor with pivotally mounted hammers 3 is mounted, driven by means of a drive 4. On the rotor shaft 5, paired disks 6 are fixed in several tiers with holes 7 uniformly distributed around their circumference. The holes 7 are made on three circles of different radii R ₁ R ₂ and R ₃ , and on each circumference of the disk 6, the holes are diametrically opposed in pairs.

The hammers 3 are mounted on the rotor by means of axes 8 threaded through holes 7 made in the disks 6. The hammers are made in the form of a sector with a concave end surface, and the height h of the protruding edges of the face of the hammer relative to its concave central part is equal to the difference of the radii of the largest and smallest circles the location of the holes on the disk. The concave end surface of the hammer is made in the form of an arc of a circle with radius R.

Paired discs 6 with hammers 3 are distributed along the height of the rotor, taking into account the placement of the case beater 2 at certain levels with the obligatory fulfillment of the conditions for the alternation of case beats and hammers.

The housing 1 of the device is made with a loading window 9 and a discharge pipe 10.

The inventive crusher operates as follows.

Subjected to grinding material enters the body of the device through the boot window 9 and falls on the hammers 3 that rotate at high peripheral speed, which carry out its crushing. In this case, from the impact of the hammers, the particles of material are thrown to the wall of the housing 1 and fall on the body beater 2, from the impact of which the material is also crushed.

Partially crushed at the upper level, the material passes to the lower tier of hammers 3 and case beater 2. The processed material, having passed successively all stages of crushing successively from top to bottom, is removed from the device through the discharge pipe 10.

Initially, the hammers 3 are installed on the holes 7 located on the circumference of the disk 6 with a radius of R ₁ . When the protruding edges of the end surface of the hammer are worn down to line aa, the hammers are shifted to holes located on the circumference of the disk with a radius of R ₂ . When worn to the line bb, the hammers are re-suspended on holes located on the circumference of the disk with a radius of R ₃ . With further wear of the hammers, they turn over to the other side.

By using the inventive hammer crusher, the service life of the hammers and the crushing efficiency are increased, and the quality of the crushed material is also improved.

Claims (3)

1. Hammer crusher, containing a vertical cylindrical body, a rotor with pivotally mounted hammers in the form of a sector, mounted on it by means of axes threaded through holes uniformly distributed around the circumference of the disks mounted on the rotor shaft, characterized in that the hammers are made with a concave end surface, the holes are located on at least two circles of different radii, and the height of the protruding edges of the end surface of the hammer relative to its concave central part is equal to times Itza radii of the largest and smallest of the arrangement of the holes on the drive. 2. Crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the holes on each disk circumference are arranged in pairs diametrically opposed. 3. Crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the concave end surface of the hammer is made in the form of an arc of a circle.

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