RU2682810C1 - Felted mesh with fabric connection unit, the unit structural elements and its implementation method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: clothes.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the felted products and can be used mainly in the linen and made of linen clothes, of cloth and felted bed manufacturing in the simple and technological way; the felt with the fabric connection unit development. Introduced into the fabric and located in the fabric unit cell fiber is the effective “thermal resistance”, significantly increasing the made from such a web product protective thermal-physical properties. Fabrics with high filling are more resistant to deformation, therefore, when laying and sewing, they almost do not have skewing, the product of them keeps its shape better and does not wrinkle.EFFECT: changing in the fabric porosity, while increasing the density reduces the web “flow through”.8 cl, 28 dwg

Description

The invention relates to products and methods used in light industry, in particular, to products and methods for forming felt cover, mainly from wool fibers or mixed fibers.

A known method of obtaining a fabric and products from felt, including the formation of a felted fabric by laying layers of woolen fibers, pickling, felling, molding, straightening and drying [Gusev A.P., Sergeenko A.P. Technology of felt and felt production. - Moscow: Legprombytizdat, 1988].

Disadvantages: the method does not contain operations and special technological means, providing the formation of a canvas of complex structure.

A device is known for wet felting of wool. See utility model No. 141079. The utility model relates to devices, namely, to cylinder self-absorbing machines and can be used to apply a picture to a fabric and make felt products by wet felting. Contains a bed, cylinders, an electric drive and a control unit. Two cylinders are mounted on the bed one above the other. The lower cylinder is fixed by side supports, the casings of which are equipped with vertical stops with grooves, and is supported by rollers mounted in the bed, and the upper cylinder is removable, with each end of it movably connected to a half shaft made with two flats. An electric drive is located in one of the support housings.

The device is used for molding felt fabric, in the conditions of its compression by cylinders (shafts).

The disadvantages of the device: it is impossible to apply for the manufacture of paintings of complex structure. The structural scheme of the device does not provide the ability to connect felt covered with other textile materials, for example, fabric.

The Known Method of obtaining a molded part from felt, see Patent No. 2457764 (prototype).

The method includes forming a canvas by laying layers of woolen fibers and applying textile material to the layers of woolen fibers, wringing, felling and drying, characterized in that layers of woolen fibers are additionally laid on the canvas from the side of the textile material, molding is carried out after felling, and wet after drying heat treatment, with adhesive gasket material being used as a textile material, and wet-heat treatment is carried out under pressure at a temperature of 120-150 ° C, corresponding to guide bonding temperature of the adhesive material. At the same time, the adhesive material has separate highlighted areas.

The prototype involves the location of the adhesive cushioning material between the layers of felt. Felt is located around the adhesive cushioning material (see Fig. 1 of the prototype), and the connection itself occurs as a result of a physicochemical process (operation and mode of the method) under pressure and at a temperature of 120-150 ° C, corresponding to the bonding temperature of the adhesive material.

The disadvantage of the prototype (Patent No. 2457764) is the use of adhesive cushioning material, which is an integral part of the proposed method and requires additional technological operations. The use of glue as a structural element does not allow the formation of products with a small (small) thickness of felt covering, since the surface of the obtained part or fabric will have traces of protruding adhesive, which distorts the shape of the surface, the arrangement of layers of the combined fabric (clothing details) and is classified as defects cloths (clothes). Thus, the presence of adhesive pads reduces the area of use of the canvas (clothing) and does not allow the use of the proposed technology in the author's works with a small thickness of felt covering. At the same time, layer-by-layer, repeated build-up of felt-like covering around the adhesive cushioning material, involves a change in the physicomechanical parameters of the web (or product), which will inevitably lead to an increase in its mass-dimensional characteristics. For example, felt-like covering, is a "thermal resistance" in relation to the external environment. The build-up has increased the stability of the product to environmental parameters, but at the same time, increases the thickness of the web (product). An increase in web thickness does not always meet the utilitarian properties of the product. Details of clothing with an adhesive composition have limited consumer properties.

General conclusion: the technical solution according to patent No. 2457764 is not technologically advanced and not always constructive.

The purpose of the invention:

- to develop a combined fabric or clothing details made of fabric and felt sheathed in a simpler and more technologically advanced way, creating (having developed) a sheath and fabric connection on the basis of other actions and operations;

- to improve the manufacturability and constructiveness of the connection of felt covered with fabric, for example, by ensuring the connection of felt made of small (small) thickness with a fabric without defects in the fabric or product.

- to simplify the design of the connection node of the combined web, eliminating the adhesive web and glue, as a structural and technological element.

- develop a web of combined structure, with improved consumer properties;

- to develop a junction of structural elements of the combined web;

- develop a device that ensures the operations of the proposed method;

- to develop structural elements (paintings, products) that provide the technical effects necessary for the formation of the node connecting the elements of the canvas into a single whole.

The technical task of the invention is:

- development of the compound felt-like sheathed with a textile material - fabric, without additional, for example, adhesive materials;

- development of a combination fabric-based and felt-like fabric sheet with improved consumer properties;

- determination of actions and conditions that satisfy the connection of fibers and felt covered with a textile material - fabric;

- development of a knot for connecting felt to fabric,

- reducing technological costs, saving material resources and saving time on technological operations in the process of execution of the method;

- development of technology for combing felt covered with fabric;

- the development of structural elements that satisfy the node connecting the fabric with fibers and felt-like covering;

- development of a tool that satisfies the actions of the method.

The subject of the invention is “A knot of a felt-like compound is covered with a fabric”. Disclosure of the invention.

The connection unit consists of the following structural elements: fabric, mainly vegetable, as well as other natural, artificial, synthetic or mixed components in various combinations and fibers (felt-like covering), mainly vegetable, as well as other natural, artificial, synthetic or mixed components in various combinations.

It is known that fabric is characterized by interweaving of threads, for example, “warp” and “weft”, and interweaving of threads in fabric is one of the most important characteristics of the structure of the fabric. The warp and weft threads are sequentially intertwined with each other in a certain order - rapport, forming a fabric with a structure, appearance and properties characteristic of this interweaving.

All types of weave are characterized by the density of the threads and porosity, and "porosity" is an integral characteristic of any fabric, with any weaving of threads. “Porosity” as a volume unfilled space can be expressed by the ratio of the volumetric weight of the fabric to the volumetric weight of the threads.

The total porosity of the material is calculated in fractions of the volume of material unfilled with fibers and is 50% -85%, depending on the type of fabric. Its weight and thickness, heat-shielding properties and air permeability depend on the filling and porosity of the fabric.

When weaving, the warp and weft threads mutually bend each other, resulting in a wavy arrangement. The bending of both filament systems continues until complete equilibrium sets in.

The complete equilibrium of the system is characterized by the equilibrium of force factors at the contact points of the joint (bend) of the warp and weft. Many points of contact (bending points) form a strong, constructive connection of fabric into the fabric, and then into the product. At the point of contact of the threads (warp and weft), local adhesion is provided, and the cell node of the fabric includes four points of contact. Four points of contact are formed by threads that are in constructive unity, forming the structural space of the “connection node”. The cell of the “connection node” is formed as a closed space between the weft and warp threads, limited by the surfaces of the threads in mutual contact. The shape of the enclosed space is determined by the mutual arrangement of the threads, which can be parallel, perpendicular and angled, depending on the rapport of the fabric.

Fiber, for example, wool or felt-like sheathed on the basis of fibrous materials, mainly vegetable, as well as other natural, artificial, synthetic or mixed components in various combinations, is located in the cell of the connection unit. Unlike the prototype (see Patent No. 2457764), the arrangement is of a different nature, namely, the fiber (felt-like covering) is not located on the fabric, along its forming surface, in the form of separate layers and paintings applied to the adhesive material, but directly inside fabrics in the space between the threads, for example, weft and warp. This arrangement uses the "internal" reserves of the fabric itself, specifically - the porosity, which is inherent in all types and types of fabric. The constructive unity of the tissue cell and the fiber (sheathed) located in it is ensured by the following factors:

- scaly, crimped, extensible and elastic, for example, wool-based fibers;

- fiber thickness, for example, the cross-sectional size of the wool fibers is from 10 to 160 μm (wool fineness),

- the connection of the fabric threads (weft and warp) into a unit cell, forming a closed loop;

- strength and elasticity of the walls of the closed loop cell.

The constancy of the location and connection of the felt covered with the surface of the threads inside the unit cell formed by the threads of the fabric is due to the strength and elasticity of the threads themselves, from which the cell and the fabric as a whole are formed, as well as the strength and elasticity of the felt-like covered inside the cell. An additional factor ensuring the fastening and connection of sheathed with threads in the tissue cell is elasticity (the ability to take any shape) and plasticity of the fibers sheathed, i.e. the ability of the caked, located in the cell to maintain its shape after exposure to heat, moisture and pressure.

These properties provide in a closed loop of a unit cell of the fabric a constant elastic pressure of the fabric threads on the cover, located inside the cell and, accordingly, a constant elastic pressure on the fabric threads. The result of compression (clamping) of the fibers sheathed in the cavity of the contour (the enclosed space of the cell) is a guaranteed constant connection of sheathed and fabric threads. Constructive unity is ensured by the cohesion of sheathed fibers and fabric fibers under the mutual pressure of two structural elements - fabric threads and sheathed fibers. The shape of the surface covered in the compression plane is determined by the shape of the surface of the threads that carry out this compression. A lot of unit cells form a junction with the fabric in the entire canvas. The junction of the felt-like covering with fabric provides the formation of a combined fabric in which the internal space of the fabric is rationally used, from one unit cell formed by weft and warp threads to the fabric as a whole.

Effect: for example, a change in the porosity of the fabric provided an increase in the density of the newly developed fabric-based fabric and felt-like covering. The increase in density has reduced the "blown" of the canvas. At the same time, the heat transfer characteristics of the web have changed. The fiber introduced into the fabric and located in the unit cell of the fabric is an effective "thermal resistance" significantly increasing the protective thermophysical properties of the product from such a fabric. Fabrics with high filling are more resistant to deformation, therefore, when flooring and sewing, they have almost no bias, the product made of them retains its shape better and does not wrinkle.

The subject of the invention is "The connecting element of the threads of the fabric."

Disclosure of the invention.

It is a technical solution associated with a common inventive concept with the "Node of the connection felt-like sheathed with a fabric."

It is a structural element consisting of fibers, mainly wool, as well as other natural, artificial, synthetic or mixed fibers in various combinations. In order to increase the reliability of the connection, as well as to prevent precipitation, the shape of the outer surface of the element in contact with the threads is made from the pores of the fabric and corresponds to the profile of the outer surface of the fabric threads, and the thickness of the central part of the connecting element is less than the thickness of its end parts (cross-sectional area of the end parts of the element more than the cross-sectional area of its central part). The need to use such a structural element is determined by the fact that when using synthetic, artificial or other fibers, characterized by the absence of scaly fibers and weak hairiness of the threads, the adhesion of the fabric threads to the cover in the interline volume will be weakened. The sign: “the shape of the forming surface corresponds to the profile of the outer surface of the fabric threads” ensures, even in the absence of adhesion with the threads, the maximum possible (without a gap) fit (contact) with the threads and, therefore, completely blocks the possibility of “blowing” the fabric web. Feature of the attribute: the form is created directly by the weft and warp threads. Threads (weft and warp) are a technological tool profiling the “Connecting element of threads”.

An essential sign: “the thickness of the central part of the connecting element is less than the thickness of its end parts” (the cross-sectional area of the end parts of the element is larger than the cross-sectional area of its central part) is necessary as a condition in which, in the absence of adhesion of the main structural elements - fabric and felt-like sheathed, it is ensured the location of the fibers (sheathed) in the pores of the fabric, it (sheathed) fastening and performing functions related to the technical result, for example, thermophysical.

Feature: the technological tool of the method for performing the essential feature of the element “the cross-sectional area of the end parts of the element is greater than the cross-sectional area of its central part” is the fabric’s threads directly and, therefore, no special technological tools and costs are required for its execution. The most efficient performance is the result of the proposed technical solution. Technical effect: provides a stable one-piece connection with the fabric.

The object of the invention "Method of connecting fibers with tissue"

It is connected by a general inventive concept with the “Node of the connection of the felt-like sheathed with the fabric” and the “Connecting element of the threads”. It is a technical solution that provides the necessary order of actions and operations for their creation.

It consists in applying fibers, mainly from wool, as well as other natural, artificial, synthetic or blended fibers in various combinations to the surface of the fabric and introducing fibers (sheathed) into the pores of the fabric.

Technological operations:

1. The fabric is placed on a hard surface, such as a table.

2. Apply (position) the fiber, intended for introduction into the fabric on the surface of the fabric web.

3. Affect (by pressure, for example, a solid object), simultaneously, on the fiber and fabric in a circular and / or reciprocating motion. The direction of force (pressure) is from the fiber, in the direction of the fabric and table.

The result of the force action is a local elastic deformation of the fabric, displacement (movement) of the fabric threads, “scrolling” of the threads. Local deformation (extension) of the unit cell of the tissue, an increase in local "porosity" of the tissue. The possibility of increasing the pore size of the tissue, at the site of local deformation, is determined by the “total porosity” of the tissue, which is 50% -85% and “creasing” of the fabric threads (friability, porosity of the threads, their elasticity and plasticity).

4. Move, for example, shift part of the fabric threads (from one or more), mainly along the table and at the same time, move fibers, for example, wool into the zone (place) of local tissue deformation, pushing (moving) a part of the fibers between the fabric threads, after which relieves the load (pressure) at the site of local tissue deformation and moves the tool providing force (compression and displacement) to the adjacent area.

After introducing into the resulting "volumetric" cell or group of fiber cells, a spatial return of the unit cell of the tissue (group of cells) to the nominal state (equilibrium state) occurs. The return occurs under the influence of force factors: internal resistance forces to the movement of the cell filaments from their nominal (equilibrium) state (location), as a tissue reaction to local disturbance and external forces - forces providing local elastic deformation of the neighboring section. The movement of the device, providing the input of fiber into the tissue cell, to the adjacent section, is accompanied by the removal of the load in the previous section. The nature of the impact is the dynamic movement of the tool, for example, in the form of circular motions and / or reciprocating along the plane, mainly along three or two coordinate axes, for example, along the fabric web, with the simultaneous introduction of fiber into the pores of the fabric.

5. Repeatedly (more than once) repeat the technological operations of paragraph 2, paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 (see above). The criterion is the filling of the fabric with fiber (felt-like covering). The number of technological cycles is determined by the result.

EFFECT: formation (creation) of “A knot of the connection of a felt-like covering with a fabric” and “A connecting element of threads”. Fabrics with high filling are more resistant to deformation, therefore, when flooring and sewing, they have almost no bias, clothes made from them retain their shape better and do not wrinkle.

A special tool that provides local deformation of the tissue and the introduction of fibers into the interstitial space is a technological tool that ensures the execution of the operations of the method. It is connected, by a general inventive concept, to the method, “The knot of the connection of the felt-like sheathed with the fabric” and “The connecting element of the threads”. The design of the tool will be discussed below.

Object of the invention "Sealing element of the threads of the fabric."

Disclosure of the invention.

It is a technical solution connected by a common inventive concept with “A knot of a felt-like compound sheathed with a cloth”, “A method for its formation” and “A connecting element of threads”. The fabric consists of threads, which, thus, are a structural element of the device - fabric (canvas). A thread as a structural element consists of textile fibers and / or filaments. The structural elements of the textile yarn can be twisted together or, in the case of filament yarns, without twisting. Depending on the number of additions and torsion operations, single, milled, single-crocheted and multi-crocheted threads are distinguished. A single thread is a twisted thread obtained in a single spinning operation. A chopped thread consists of two or more single threads joined without twisting. A single-strand yarn consists of two or more single yarns twisted in a single operation. Multi-strand yarn is obtained as a result of one or more torsion operations of two or more textile yarns. The filaments in the structure of twisted threads are arranged along helical lines, and therefore, turns are visible on the surface of the threads, the density of which and the angle of inclination relative to the longitudinal axis increase with increasing degree of twist. Elementary threads have a stable crimp, due to which textured threads are characterized by increased bulk, friability and porosity. Curl, friability and porosity are characteristic of most elementary and twisted yarns, including blended ones. These properties of the threads are the basis of a technical solution, according to which, in the pores of the threads, as well as between the turns of elementary and / or twisted threads, a sealing element is formed, consisting of fibers, mainly wool, as well as other natural, artificial, synthetic or mixed fibers in various combinations. The fibers are introduced and located in the contact zone of the "twisted" threads, mainly in separate sections, the shape of the sealing element corresponding to the profile of the outer surface of the tissue threads in contact. The sealing structural element is formed of fibers (felt-like sheeting) and is located along the threads (along the forming surface), in contrast to the fabric sealing element, which is located in the cell between the weft and warp threads. Since, the elementary threads in the structure of the twisted threads are arranged along helical lines, the sealing felt-like element, by virtue of its location, is also formed into a helical shape. The helical form of a felt-like covering, inserted into the “pores” of the thread, is a sign that defines the connection (structural unity) and the fastening (fastening) is fastened on the threads and in the threads. I wound it “screw-like” around the thread and formed an integral connection with it, which is determined not only by the properties of the thread (bulkiness, friability and porosity), not only by the tortuosity of the connected structural elements (thread and fastened), but also by the mechanical, constructive fact of the connection - felt-like fastened “ wraps around the thread. The thread “entwined” with fiber (felt-like covering) is a structure that is in constructive unity, up to an indivisible connection. The number of sealing elements is determined by the number of twisted threads.

Technical result: a change in the porosity of the threads provided an increase in the density of the newly developed fabric-based fabric and felt-like covering. Increasing the density of the threads reduced the "blowing" of the canvas. Utilitarian characteristics have changed, for example, heat transfer of filaments “saturated” with fibers and the fabric as a whole. The fiber inserted into the thread (s), located and fixed directly on and in the threads, is, for example, an effective "thermal resistance" significantly increasing the protective properties of the fabric and products from such a fabric. Fabrics with high filling are more resistant to deformation, therefore, when flooring and sewing, they have almost no bias, clothes made from them retain their shape better and do not wrinkle.

A method of combining fibers with fabric threads consists in applying fibers, mainly from wool, as well as other natural, artificial, synthetic or blended fibers in various combinations to the surface of the fabric threads. For this, the threads, as part of the fabric, are placed on a solid surface, mainly a table, acting on the fibers and threads, in a circular and / or reciprocating motion, creating at the same time pressure on the threads and the fiber (fiber-like covering). For example, they move, for example, deform (shift) part of the fabric threads and, at the same time, move fibers, for example, wool into the area (place) of the local deformation of the threads, introducing (moving) a part of the felt put into the fabric thread, and then remove the load in the place of local deformation of the thread and move the tool providing a compressive force (pressure) and movement to an adjacent area.

After removing the external load, due to the elasticity of the thread (s), the previously deformed section restores its shape. The fiber introduced into the thread is clamped in the pores and between the threads. The connection becomes one-piece.

The technical result of the actions of the "method of connecting fibers with threads" is the "sealing (connecting) element in the threads and between the threads of the fabric", as well as the connection of the "sealing element of the threads" with the sealing element of the fabric (located in a closed cell, between the weft and warp threads) .

Fabrics with high filling are more resistant to deformation, therefore, when flooring and sewing, they have almost no bias, clothes made from them retain their shape better and do not wrinkle. Thermophysical and other physical and mechanical characteristics are significantly increased.

The object of the invention “A device that provides the execution of the method for forming the connection node of the felt-like sheathed with fabric and the connecting element of the fabric threads”.

Disclosure of the invention.

It is a technical solution related to the general inventive concept with the technical solutions “Felt-shaped jointing unit with fabric”, “Method for its formation”, “Connecting element of threads”, “Method of connecting fibers with fabric threads” and “Sealing element of fabric threads”.

It is a multifunctional device that provides the main actions (operations) of the method (s) for local deformation of fabric, fabric threads, creating pressure on the fiber. Provides conditions for the movement of fabric threads from their nominal location (within the elastic deformation of the fabric and threads), the elastic deformation of the threads and the introduction (movement) of the fiber (felt-like sheathed) into the threads and cells between the threads (interfacial space) of the fabric.

Necessary structural elements of the device:

- a gas generator, for example, a compressor (a device for compressing and moving gases under pressure);

- a special nozzle - a technological tool that provides a direct dynamic effect - simultaneous pressure on the fabric and fiber, local elastic deformation of the fabric and fabric threads, the movement of fibers and the introduction of fiber into the pore region of the fabric (cell) and fabric threads.

- a hose (pipe) connecting the gas generator to the nozzle. Provides a supply of gas, for example, air in the right amount with parameters that satisfy the specified actions of the method. It is a constructive transport corridor for air flow from the gas generator to the place of use.

The design of a special technological tool that ensures the action of the method (nozzle): is a hollow pipe or hose in which the technological tool is located - a pusher made in the form of a rod. The pusher is located, for example, inside a hollow pipe (hose) and connected to it. Between the inner wall of the pipe (hose) and the pusher, a channel or a group of channels (gap) is formed along which air is supplied. The location of the pusher in the cavity of the pipe (hose) suggests the possibility of its flow around the air stream during use. The tip of the pusher protrudes beyond the end of the pipe (hose), which is necessary for its use as part of the nozzle. The connection of the pusher with the pipe (hose) can be rigid or detachable. The pusher can be removable.

In FIG. 1-27, the features of the proposed technical solutions are shown and explained.

In FIG. 1 shows a fabric design. Typical structural elements.

In FIG. 2 shows the interweaving of fabric threads. View A.

In FIG. 3 shows the design of the threads. Features twist.

In FIG. 4 shows the design of the threads. Location features.

Section GG. Design option.

In FIG. 5 shows the construction of a multilayer yarn. Design option.

In FIG. 6 shows the design of the threads. Multilayer thread. Execution option.

In FIG. 7 shows a fragment of weaving yarns, for example, weft and warp. The action of forces in the contact zone.

In FIG. Figure 8 shows the actions necessary for the formation of conditions providing local deformation of the tissue and the introduction of fiber (felt-like sheathed) into the fabric.

In FIG. Figure 9 shows the orientation of the actions of the device in space, necessary for the formation of conditions providing the introduction of fiber (felt-like sheathed) into the fabric and into the fabric.

In FIG. 10 shows a mechanism for introducing fiber into tissue.

Local deformation of the tissue site. The introduction of fiber into the space between the threads. Power factors providing displacement (movement) of fabric threads.

In FIG. 11 shows the formation of the assembly and the felt-like joint member. The conditions for combining the fiber with the fabric. Connection mechanisms.

In FIG. 12 shows the formation of the mount. The conditions for combining the fiber with the fabric. Connection mechanisms.

In FIG. 13 shows the formation of the mount. The location of the felt between the warp and weft. The felt clip is covered with threads of fabric. Force factors providing fiber clamp in the unit cell of the weft and warp threads.

In FIG. 14 shows a fragment (section BB). The impact of felt stuck on the fabric threads. Clamping fabric threads with felt cover.

In FIG. 15 shows the formation of a connection node. The condition for joining the felt is stiffened with fabric. Connection mechanism.

In FIG. 16 shows the formation of a connection and fixing assembly. Felt compression area. The area of maximum compression. Compression surface and adhesion area (joints).

In FIG. 17 shows a structural member of a “connection node”.

In FIG. 18 shows the complete web. Web profiling.

In FIG. 19 shows the canvas. Web profiling. The build-up of felt-like stuck on the surface of the canvas.

In FIG. Figure 20 shows the bonding of a fiber (e.g., felt covered) to the threads of a fabric. The introduction of fiber into the fabric thread.

In FIG. 21 shows the design of the threads. Section GG. The direction of movement of the fiber between the threads.

In FIG. 22 shows the formation of the mount. Section GG. Power factors providing compression of the felt fastener fastened in the cavities of the fabric threads.

In FIG. 23 shows the shape of a single-layer compressed layer of fiber, for example, wool, inserted between twisted fabric threads in a longitudinal section.

In FIG. 24 shows the construction of a bilayer twisted compressed fiber layer inserted between twisted fabric yarns in longitudinal section.

In FIG. 25 shows the construction of a multilayer twisted compressed fiber layer inserted between twisted fabric yarns in longitudinal section.

In FIG. 26 shows a structural element of a device for performing an action of a method.

In FIG. 27 shows a device for providing process steps. Section EE.

In FIG. 1 shows typical structural elements of fabric. Weaving, for example, weft and warp. Pos. 1 - point (zone) of contact of interwoven threads. The weaving is characterized by the bending of the threads at the point of contact and is accompanied by adhesion, which provides the fabric with constructive unity. All types of weave are characterized by the density of the threads and porosity, and "porosity" is an integral characteristic of any fabric, with any weaving of threads.

In FIG. 2 shows the cross-cutting nature of the pores. When weaving, the warp and weft threads mutually bend each other, resulting in a wavy arrangement. The bending of both filament systems continues until complete equilibrium sets in.

In FIG. 3 shows the structural structure of the thread. The design of the thread is characterized by "twist", which can have a different design - S or Z. The twist angle α is included in the characteristic.

In FIG. 4 shows that a twisted thread can consist, for example, of three monofilaments. The tightness of the monofilament in the twist forms a spiral contact and the free space between them.

In FIG. 5 shows a typical multilayer yarn. The multilayer thread is characterized by many spiral-shaped contacts (see. Fig. 4) and, accordingly, a lot of free spaces in the twist (see. Fig. 4).

In FIG. 6 shows a variant of a multilayer yarn of synthetic materials. The thread is formed from many monofilaments of artificial origin assembled into bundles. The harnesses are intertwined, the weaving being characterized by a plurality of contact surfaces of the harnesses.

In FIG. 7 shows a fragment of weaving. Contact of threads (warp and weft). The action of forces in the contact zone. Pos. 2 - reaction of the warp to weft pressure. Pos. 3 - duck reaction to pressure of the base. When weaving, the warp and weft threads mutually bend each other. The bending of both filament systems continues until complete equilibrium sets in. The complete equilibrium of the system is characterized by the equilibrium of force factors (the reaction of bonds Pos. 2 and Pos. 3) at the contact points of the joint (bend) of the warp and weft. Many points of contact (bending points) form a constructive connection of the fabric into the fabric, and then into the product. At the point of contact of the threads (warp and weft) constructive local adhesion is provided, and the cell node of the fabric includes four points of contact.

In FIG. Figure 8 shows the actions (method operations) necessary for the formation of conditions providing local, elastic deformation of the fabric and the introduction of fiber (felt-like sheathed) into the fabric. Pos. 4 - thread of fabric, for example, weft or warp. Pos. 5 - a solid base, for example, a table on which fabric is laid. On the fabric is the fiber Pos. 6, for example, wool. Affect (by pressure, for example, a solid object), simultaneously, on fiber and fabric in circular Pos. 8 and / or reciprocating movements Pos. 7.

Pos. 9 - arbitrary resultant force (pressure) - from the side of the fiber, in the direction of the fiber, fabric and table. Resulting Pos. 9 arises as a result of an external disturbance Pos. 7 and Pos. 8.

The resultant force exposure Pos. 9 is decomposed into components, Pos. 10 - impact along the table (canvas, fiber) and Pos. 11 - action directed perpendicular to the table, fabric (canvas), fiber. The result of the force action (Pos. 10 and Pos. 11) is a local elastic deformation of the tissue, which manifests itself in the form of displacement (movement) of the fabric threads, “scrolling” of the threads. A necessary force element for the result is “local elastic deformation of the fabric, manifested in the form of displacement (movement) of the fabric threads,“ scrolling ”of the threads” is the reaction of the bond forces Pos. 12 from the side of the table Pos. 5 or other hard base. Communication Force Pos. 12 balance the action of forces Pos. 11 and provide, together with Pos. 11 fiber insertion (caked) Pos. 6 into the space between the threads Pos. 4. Threads Pos. 4 are shifted along the table under the action of forces Pos. 10. Possibility of thread shifting Pos. 4, in the place of local deformation, it is determined by the “total porosity” of the fabric, which is 50% -85%, as well as the “creasing” of the fabric threads (friability, porosity of the threads, their elasticity and plasticity). Local deformation (extension of the filaments) is necessary to increase the local “porosity” of the tissue, to create conditions for creating a tissue cell into which the fiber will be introduced.

In FIG. 9 shows the orientation of the actions of the method in space. Actions are necessary to form the conditions for the introduction of Po fiber. 6 (felt-like sheathed) into the fabric and into the threads of the fabric.

The general nature of the action is determined by the local, elastic deformation of the tissue located on a solid base Pos. 5. The necessary action is the force factor (action of forces) Pos. 7 and Pos. 8 in at least one of the coordinate axes. The optimal action is along three coordinate axes. Form of action: reciprocating movements, for example, along the fabric web and / or circular reciprocating movements Pos. 17.

In FIG. 10 shows the fiber insertion mechanism Pos. 6 into the fabric. Fiber Insertion Pos. 6 into the space between the threads Pos. 4 is provided by a combination of power factors Pos. 10, Pos. 11, Pos. 12 and Pos. 15, providing the required level of local deformation of the fabric threads, in the form of their displacement and movement of the fiber into the fabric.

The action of the technological tool of the method, in the form of circular poses. 8 and Reciprocating Pos. 7 actions on fiber Pos. 6 and fabric (threads of fabric Pos. 4) lead to the formation of external forces Pos. 10, shifting (moving) the fabric threads Pos. 4 along the table Pos. 5. At the same time, external forces Pos. 11 move part of the fiber (sheathed) Pos. 6 into the deformed (extended) interstitial space. The movement is limited by the forces of communication from the side of the table. 5.

Table Link Strength Pos. 12 exclude arbitrary movement of threads. Offset is only possible along the table. At the same time, the movement of the fiber layer (caked) introduced by the external force Pos. 11 (the direction is perpendicular to the plane of the table) is limited by the distributed bond strength Pos. 15, acting from the side of the table in the direction of the input, moving fiber (sheathed). Thus, under the action of multidirectional forces Pos. 11 and Pos. 15, the introduced fiber is sealed in a cell bounded by weft and warp threads. Sealing is performed until the unit cell is completely filled between the threads. Since the weft and warp yarns are in multiple contact at points of mutual arrangement (see Fig. 1 Pos. 1), the movement of the yarns Pos. 4 FIG. 10 from the place of local deformation is limited by the resistance forces Pos. 13. The system comes into equilibrium, and after the removal of disturbing factors (Pos. 7 and Pos. 8), the action of the forces of Pos. 10 stops. Accordingly, the previously elastically deformed section of the threads Pos. 14 under the action of elastic compression forces Pos. 13 moves in the opposite direction to complete equilibrium of the system. The fiber inserted into the interstitial space is clamped.

The specified mechanism is reproduced (repeated) for multiple sections of tissue, ensuring the introduction of fiber into the fabric and thus forming the appearance of a new combined web or product. The action is carried out with a special tool, for example, see Pos. FIG. 26, 27, and the choice of place - by the operator performing the actions Pos. 7, Pos. 8 and Pos. 17 manually or in automatic mode.

In FIG. 11 shows the formation of the junction of the fabric and the felt-like junction element (and seal) in a unit cell formed by interweaving weft and warp threads. Shown are the conditions for connecting the fiber to the tissue and the mechanisms of connection.

Fiber (felt-like padded) Pos. 6, introduced into the interstitial space and located below the plane passing along the axis of the threads Pos. 4 (section BB, Fig. 11) is in the clamped position Pos. 18. The clamp is made by elastic pressure Pos. 16 from the side of the threads, for example, a weft and / or warp returned to an equilibrium state under the action of forces Pos. 13 FIG. 10 and table binding strength Pos. 15. Plot Pos. 18 is in a compressed state. As for the entire felt-like sheathing, it meets the conditions for joining the fiber into sheathing on the basis of the properties of the fiber: scaly, crimp, extensibility and elasticity, for example, wool-based fibers. The constancy of the location and connection of felt covered the plot Pos. 18 with thread surface Pos. 4 inside the unit cell formed by the strands of fabric due to the strength and elasticity of the strands themselves Pos. 4, of which the cell and the fabric as a whole are formed, as well as by the strength and elasticity of the felt-like covering, located inside the cell. The factor ensuring the fastening and connection of the sheathed with the threads in the tissue cell is elasticity (the ability to take any shape) and the plasticity of the fibers sheathed, i.e. the ability of the caked, located in the cell to maintain its shape after exposure to heat, moisture and pressure.

In FIG. 12 shows the formation of the mount. The conditions for joining the felt are caked with fabric. Connection mechanisms.

After removing the load and bringing the “fabric-caked” system into equilibrium, it is advisable to consider the geometry of the newly formed area. Felt Shaped Pos. 18, located between the threads, on the basis of the properties of elasticity and plasticity completely filled the space below the section plane BB see FIG. 11. The area under consideration is characterized by the placement parameters of the cover Pos. 18, namely: the most compressed portion in the plane of the section BB, size H and the maximum possible size L.

In the process of formation, I posed. 18 part of the transported fibers Pos. 20 will penetrate the threads. Area of mutual contact of threads and fiber (sheathed) Pos. 19 is the effective adhesion area of the components of the new structure.

In FIG. 13 shows the formation of the mount. The location of the felt between the warp and weft. The felt clip is covered with threads of fabric. Force factors providing fiber clamp in the unit cell of the weft and warp threads.

The unit cell of the compound is formed as a closed cell, which is important for understanding the quality of the newly created compound and the web (product) as a whole. Zastil, located in the space of a closed cell will always be under the action of compression forces of the fabric threads Pos. 21, and since these compression forces are applied to the plane passing through the BB section (see Fig. 11), the clamp will be made in the plane of the smallest size H (see Fig. 12), characterizing the position and determining the state of the covering Pos . 18. A tissue cell having a closed nature will always be guaranteed to clamp the cover, preserving and defining its (cover) location.

In FIG. 14 shows a section BB (fragment). The impact of felt stuck on the fabric threads. Clamping fabric threads with felt cover.

The felt clip is fastened in section BB see FIG. 13 is characterized by a reverse action, namely, felt stuck on a thread of fabric. In addition to mutual contact forces Pos. 1 distributed load from compressed forces sheathed Pos. 22 acts on threads (weft and warp). Each intersection of the weft and the warp is in the zone of action of the elastic forces of the felt-like sheathed Pos. 22 being in a compressed state in each unit cell. The specified effect is additional to the bond strength of the threads at the contact point Pos. 1. Improving the quality of the connection of fabric threads (for example, weft and warp) objectively helps to increase the strength of the fabric and products from this fabric.

In FIG. 15 shows the formation of the connection node and filling the interstitial space. The conditions for joining the felt are caked with fabric. Connection mechanism.

The quality of the combination of fabric and felt covering is determined by many factors, including the formation of a structural element located between the threads of the fabric with the code name "felt rivet." The formation of a felt element with a shape precluding falling out of the shelter from the inter-space is determined by geometric factors. The shape of the covering is characterized by a minimum size H in the central part and an increased size L on its end parts. The technological element that provides the formation of the structural element are directly the threads of the fabric.

The profiling parameter of the thread is size D. The surface shape of the felt cover element coincides with the surface shape of the threads, which eliminates gaps and creates a constructive unity of fabric and cover.

In FIG. 16 shows the formation of the connection and fixing assembly in section BB. Felt compression area. H is the region of maximum compression.

D is the compression surface and the adhesion area (connection).

Section BB shows that the shape of the new structural element is constant for any location of the section plane passing through the center of the element.

In FIG. 17 shows the structural element of the “connection node” without surrounding parts (fabric threads).

The structural element, the canvas with a new structure, is characterized by a design that provides high-quality connection to the fabric even in the absence of a "scaly" grip.

Design features of the element: “the central part of the element (size H) is less than the parameters (sizes) of the end parts (size L)”.

The shape of the surface is determined by the parameter D, which absolutely coincides with the technological element that creates it - directly with the thread of the fabric. The newly created element functionally provides: connection with fabric threads, web sealing, web strengthening, changing its basic physical and technical properties, for example, thermophysical properties, etc.

In FIG. 18 shows the complete web. Web profiling. The profiling of the web is advisable to carry out on its outer surface, for example, in size K. This is achieved by the fact that the remnants of the fiber are removed from the outer surface, for example, mechanically. It is characterized by multiple filling of the interstitial space with a felt-like covering, in the form of a structural element depicted in FIG. 17. In the future, clothes (structural elements of clothing) with new consumer properties are produced from the fabric of the combined structure.

In FIG. 19 shows a combination web with a new structure. Web profiling.

Structural member, see FIG. 17, has properties that allow them to create new designs of the canvas (product), with new properties. The end surface of the element is used. Since the element is perpendicular to the plane of the canvas and is rigidly rooted in it, its developed surface (size L) allows you to attach a certain amount of fiber to it and form felt on it based on one or both sides of the fabric. Since the structural element, see FIG. 17 is located in each unit cell of the fabric, such a multiple arrangement provides a strong connection of the growing layer with the fabric, and the fabric itself functionally becomes the frame of the canvas of a new design. Thus, functionally, structural member, see FIG. 17 becomes a technological tool in the process of creating a new structural canvas. In FIG. 19, size M shows an extended layer on fabric previously profiled in size K.

An essential feature for such a technical solution is the presence of a constructive felt-like element in the cells of the fabric (see Fig. 17) and its location.

In FIG. Figure 20 shows the bonding of a fiber (e.g., felt covered) to the threads of a fabric. The introduction of fiber into the fabric thread.

The fabric consists of threads, which, thus, are a structural element of the device - the canvas or products from the canvas. A thread as a structural element consists of textile fibers and / or filaments. The structural elements of the textile yarn can be twisted together or, in the case of filament yarns, without twisting. Elementary filaments, as a rule, have a stable crimp, due to which most filaments are characterized by increased bulk, friability and porosity. Curl, friability and porosity are characteristic of most elementary and twisted yarns, including blended ones. These properties of the threads are the basis of a technical solution, according to which, in the pores of the threads, as well as between the turns of elementary and / or twisted threads, a sealing element is formed, consisting of fibers, mainly wool, as well as other natural, artificial, synthetic or mixed fibers in various combinations. Fibers are introduced directly into the thread, mainly in separate sections. The fibers introduced into the thread are sealing structural elements.

The fabric is placed on a hard surface, such as a table. On the fabric is a fiber intended for insertion into the threads of the fabric. They act (by pressure, for example, on a solid object), simultaneously, on the fiber and fabric threads in a circular fashion. FIG. 20 Pos. 17 and / or reciprocating movements Pos. 7, Pos. 8. Direction of force (pressure) - from the fiber side, in the direction of the fabric and table threads. The result of the force action is a local elastic deformation of the fabric threads, the displacement (movement) of the fabric threads and their “scrolling”. Local elastic deformation (extension) of the thread increases its local "porosity" and friability. Under the influence of disturbing factors, see Pos. 17, Pos. 7 and Pos. 8 forces are formed Pos. 11 providing the movement of fibers Pos. 23 per thread. Since the fibers completely surround the filament, the introduction of fibers into the filament also occurs under the action of the bond reaction forces Pos. 12 and Pos. 15. The force reaction of the bond is formed as a response to the action of forces Pos. 11 and are also a consequence of the initial disturbing factors Pos. 17, Pos. 7 and Pos. 8. In FIG. 21 (section G-D) shows the design of the threads and the direction of movement of the fiber between the threads.

A twisted thread may consist, for example, of three monofilaments. The fit of the monofilament in the twist forms a spiral contact and the free space between them Pos. 24.

Under the condition of force, the threads are deformed, rolled, which allows you to move the fiber (felt-like covering) between the threads, as well as in the hollow space Pos. 24.

In FIG. 22 (Cross-section G-D) shows the formation of the mount. Power factors providing compression of the felt fastener fastened in the cavities of the fabric threads.

Under the influence of external forces, the threads move and scroll. Fiber is introduced into the space between the filaments, fills it and forms into a durable covering based on physico-mechanical properties (scaly, crimped, extensible and elastic). The constancy of the location and connection of the felt covering with the surface of the threads is due to the strength and elasticity of the threads themselves, as well as the strength and elasticity of the felt-like covering located between the monofilaments. An additional factor ensuring the fastening and connection of the sheathed with threads is elasticity (the ability to take any form of fiber) and the plasticity of the fibers sheathed, i.e. the ability to cover, located between the threads, to maintain its shape after exposure to heat, moisture and pressure.

The indicated properties provide a constant elastic pressure in the closed loop of twisted threads Pos. 25 threads per fiber (sheathed), located between the threads and, accordingly, constant elastic pressure, sheathed on the threads. A consequence of the compression (clamping) of the fibers of the sheathed between the monofilaments is a guaranteed permanent connection of the sheathed and filaments. Constructive unity is ensured by the cohesion of sheathed fibers and filament fibers under conditions of mutual pressure of two structural elements - filament and filament fibers. The shape of the surface covered in the compression plane is determined by the surface shape of the threads and their twist, which carry out this compression. Size D (see Fig. 22) shows the clamp of a certain amount of fiber Pos. 6 between monofilaments.

In FIG. 23 Pos. 26 shows the spiral shape of a single-layer compressed layer of fiber, for example, wool inserted between twisted monofilaments of fabric in a longitudinal section. The thread is not shown. The spiral shape of the compressed fiber corresponds to the twist shape of monofilaments.

In FIG. 24 shows the construction of a twisted yarn with a two-layer twisted layer of fiber, for example, wool inserted between the strands of fabric in longitudinal section. An increase in the number of monofilaments in twist does not change the essence of the proposal in essence, but provides a new technical result.

Twisted layer of fiber Pos. 27 is located in and around the thread Pos. 4. Offset second layer of fiber Pos. 28 is also located in and around the thread Pos. 4. The double layer of the introduced fiber significantly increases the strength of the connection felt-like sheathed with the material of the thread. A new element of fabric (cloth) is created with new consumer properties.

In FIG. 25 shows the construction of a twisted yarn with a multilayer twisted layer of fiber, for example, wool inserted between twisted yarns of fabric in a longitudinal section. In twisted thread Pos. 4 introduced several layers of fiber Pos. 27, Pos. 28, Pos. 29, Pos. 30. The more "twists" of the thread, the more layers of fiber introduced. Functional transformation of the thread occurs. For a single layer layer of fiber, the thread is a support, the frame of this structural element, for a multi-layer frame is a felt-like covering. There is a gradual transformation from additional functions to the main ones. The geometry of each of the layers of zastil located in the thread has a "helical", spiral shape, and the spiral shape is the most effective, since it implies the maximum possible introduction of zastil into the design of the thread. It should be noted that the proposed technical solution is based on the use of the threads themselves as a technological tool. In FIG. 26 shows the design of the device, which, in combination with the gas generator, acts of the method. The device is a nozzle connected to a hose through which air is supplied from the compressor.

Nozzle design: is a hollow element Pos. 31, for example, a pipe, inside which there is a pusher Pos 33, which is installed so that between the pusher Pos. 33 and with the hollow element Pos. 31 was a through channel Pos. 32. Through Channel Pos. 32 air flows around the follower Pos. 33 and flows into the surrounding space. Pusher Pos. 33 is arranged, for example, coaxially with the element Pos. 31. End part of the pusher Pos. 33 stands for the end of the hollow tip Pos. 31 at a certain distance, for example, size G. In FIG. 27 shows a cross section of an EE nozzle. Pusher Pos. 33 connected to the body of the hollow pipe Pos. 31 racks (brackets) Pos. 34 in such a way as to optimally form the channel Pos. 32. In FIG. 28 shows a diagram and mechanism for introducing fiber into the fabric and fabric threads.

As a tool for ensuring the action of the proposed method is used nozzles Pos. 31 with push rod Pos. 33. The nozzle is connected by a hose (pipe) to a gas generator, for example, a compressor. Air moves in cavities nozzle Pos. 32 and goes into the environment. The necessary action is to move the nozzle with the pusher at least along one of the coordinate axes. The optimal action is along three coordinate axes. Form of action: reciprocating movements, for example, along a fabric web (action of forces) Pos. 7 and Pos. 8 and / or circular reciprocating movements Pos. 17. The air flow flowing from the nozzle nozzle, provides a seal and fit fiber in place of local deformation of the fabric, thereby providing the most rational, effective conditions for the introduction of fiber pusher. Pusher Pos. 33 moves part of the fibers into the interstitial space and into the threads of the fabric. The fiber is clamped between the threads by the action of elastic forces restoring the equilibrium state after unloading.

An example of creating a “knot of felt-to-fabric connection”, elements of the construction of the knot and the method of its implementation.

The fabric is placed on a surface, such as a table. Apply (have) a fiber intended for introduction into the fabric on the surface of the fabric web. Affect (by pressure, for example, a solid object), simultaneously, on the fiber and fabric in a circular and / or reciprocating motion. The direction of force (pressure) is from the fiber, in the direction of the fabric and table. The primary result of the force action is local elastic deformation of the fabric, displacement (movement) of the fabric threads, “scrolling” of the threads. Local deformation (extension) of the unit cell of the tissue provides an increase in the "porosity" of the tissue. For example, they move part of the fabric threads (from one or more), mainly along the table, and at the same time move the fibers, for example, wool into the zone (place) of local deformation of the fabric, pressing (moving) part of the fibers between the fabric threads, and then remove load (pressure) in the place of local deformation of the tissue and move the tool providing force (compression and displacement) to the neighboring area.

After introducing into the resulting enlarged cell or group of fiber cells, a spatial return of the unit cell of the tissue (group of cells) to the nominal state (equilibrium state) occurs. The return occurs under the influence of force factors: internal resistance forces to the movement of the cell filaments from their nominal (equilibrium) state (location), as a tissue reaction to local disturbance and external forces - forces providing local elastic deformation of the neighboring section. The movement of the device, providing the input of fiber into the tissue cell, to the adjacent section, is accompanied by the removal of the load in the previous section. Repeatedly (more than once) repeat technological operations until the fabric is filled with fiber (felt-like covering). The number of technological cycles is determined by the result.

A special tool that provides local deformation of the fabric, individual threads and the introduction of fibers into the interstitial space and directly into the threads, is a technological tool that provides the execution of the operations of the method.

As a result of the above actions, new designs, devices were created:

- “The knot of the connection felt-like stuck with a fabric”;

- "The connecting element of the threads of the fabric";

- "A method of connecting fibers with tissue";

- “Sealing element of fabric threads”;

- "A device that provides the implementation of the method for the formation of the node connecting the felt-like sheathed with the fabric and the connecting element of the fabric threads."

All the above technical solutions are structurally independent and united by a common inventive concept.

Technical result achieved:

- a new web of combined structure was developed in a simpler and more technologically advanced way (in comparison with the prototype) with improved consumer properties;

- increased manufacturability, and the design of the connection felt felt stuck with fabric;

- developed a node for the connection of structural elements of the combined canvas;

- a device has been developed that ensures the operations of the proposed method;

- Design elements (canvases, products) have been developed that provide the technical effects necessary for the formation of the canvas.

Generalized technical effect:

- for example, a change in the porosity of the fabric provided an increase in the density of the newly developed fabric-based fabric and felt-like sheeting. The increase in density has reduced the "blown" of the canvas. At the same time, the heat transfer characteristics of the web have changed. The fiber introduced into the fabric and located in the unit cell of the fabric is an effective "thermal resistance" significantly increasing the protective thermophysical properties of the product from such a fabric. Fabrics with high filling are more resistant to deformation, therefore, when flooring and sewing, they have almost no bias, the product made of them retains its shape better and does not wrinkle.

Compared with the prototype, the achieved technical effect is ensured by the internal reserves of the materials used and does not imply extraneous special materials in the form of adhesive pads and the presence of glue itself to form a fabric or a product of a combined structure based on fabric and felt-like material (covered).

Claims (8)

1. The connection node of the fiber, mainly from wool, with fabrics based on natural and / or mixed components, characterized in that the fiber and / or felt-like sheathed, inserted into the cell between the intersecting threads, is in a compressed state under the pressure of the fabric threads, and the forces fiber compressions act in a plane parallel to the fabric web, and synthetic and artificial materials, including filament yarns and bundles of filament yarns, are used as fabric and / or fabric yarns. 2. The method of connecting fibers with fabric and / or fabric threads, which consists in applying fibers, mainly from wool, as well as natural, artificial, synthetic or blended fibers on the surface of the fabric and / or fabric threads, characterized in that the fabric is placed on a hard surface , mainly to the table, act simultaneously on the fiber and fabric in a circular and / or reciprocating motion, move, for example, shift, part of the fabric threads, mainly along the table, and simultaneously move the fibers, for example, sher tee into the zone of local deformation of the fabric and / or fabric threads, moving part of the fibers between the fabric threads and / or in the fabric threads, after which the load is removed at the site of local fabric deformation and the tool providing movement and compression force is moved to an adjacent area. 3. The connecting element of the fabric threads, for example weft and warp, consisting of fibers, mainly wool, as well as natural, artificial, synthetic or blended fibers, characterized in that the shape of the forming outer surface of the element in contact with the threads corresponds to the profile of the outer surface threads of fabric, and the thickness of the Central part of the connecting element is less than the thickness of its end parts. 4. The sealing element of the fabric threads, consisting of natural fibers, mainly wool, as well as mixed fibers, characterized in that the fibers are introduced into the threads, in the cavity between the threads, at the contact points of the threads of artificial and synthetic origin, in the filament yarn, the cavity between the filament filaments - into the contact zone of filament filaments, into the twist space of filament filaments and bundles, as well as natural filaments, for example, of plant origin, without lint on the outer surface, and are located in the filaments and / or between threads, mainly in separate sections, with the possibility of contact with the fiber located in the cells of the fabric, for example in a tissue cell formed by the intersection of the weft and warp threads. 5. A device for introducing fibers into a fabric containing a pusher, mainly of cylindrical shape, and a hollow cylinder, characterized in that the pusher is located inside the hollow cylinder with a gap relative to its inner walls and is connected with them, and part of the pusher protrudes from the cavity of the cylinder in which pusher. 6. The sealing element of the fabric yarns according to claim 4, characterized in that it has a predominantly spiral shape and is located around monofilaments, and / or in the cavities and points of contact of twisted yarns, and / or between individual filaments or yarns formed from individual filaments, mainly artificial and synthetic origin. 7. The sealing element of the fabric yarn according to claim 4, characterized in that it is located in the pores of the yarns, or in the space between the yarns, as well as at the points of contact of the yarns, mainly from materials of artificial and synthetic origin. 8. The device for introducing fibers into the fabric according to claim 5, characterized in that the hollow cylinder with a pusher is made in the form of a nozzle and is connected, for example, to a nozzle or hose of a gas generator, mainly a compressor.

Images