RU2681743C1 - Cutter for mining and road machines - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the mining industry, and can be used on the mining and road machines actuators during tunneling and mining. Cutter contains a holder, a head in the form of a body of revolution with the replaceable working part, in which a tip in the form of made of a carbide material equipped with a cutting edge disk is installed. Replaceable working part is made with an axial cylindrical protrusion and an annular groove, and the head is made with a socket for the axial protrusion accommodation. On the holder head the through-threaded hole into the socket is made, in the through-threaded hole the locking screw is located, entering into the head replaceable working part annular groove. Disk is fixed in the replaceable working part axial slot on the axis of rotation. In the of the cutter head a second socket is made, in which the second replaceable working part axial protrusion is placed. In the second socket lateral side a through-threaded hole is made, into which the second locking screw is screwed in so that its end is located in the second socket, and is placed in the second replaceable working part second annular groove, and the second locking screw slotted head is recessed into the threaded hole. At the opposite to the axial protrusion head second replaceable working part end, a made of carbide material tip is located in the form of a straight prism with a base in the form of the isosceles right triangle. Prism side of the prism coincides with the array cutting plane, and the hypotenuse edge is directed to the side ahead of located on the cutting line cutter. Protruding from the head second replaceable working part the prism triangular face is made obliquely in the hypotenuse edge direction. In the holder a through hole is made for the cutter in the tool holder channel fixing pin in the position of coincidence of the passing through the replaceable working parts axes plane with the array cutting plane. First in the cutter movement direction the first replaceable working part with a tip in the form of a disk is placed. Tool head is made tapering in the direction from the holder to the tips to the oval, covering the both replaceable parts circumferences.EFFECT: increase in the rock mass breaking out efficiency.1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used on the executive bodies of mining and road machines during tunneling and mining operations, as well as during construction work on the repair of road surfaces.

Known cutter for mining and road machinery [RU 2079651 C1, IPC6 E21C 35/18, E02F 9/28, publ. 05/20/1997], which contains a holder, a working head in the form of a body of revolution with an axial protrusion, a tip made of carbide material, a device for fixing the distance between the tip and the working head when forming a soldered connection between them. The axial protrusion forms at the front end of the working head a thrust surface of an annular shape. The tip contains a working part having the shape of a body of revolution for interacting with destructible material and a base with a supporting surface for interacting with the abutting surface of the working head and with a socket for placing an axial protrusion on the working head. The device for fixing the distance between the tip and the working head when forming a soldered connection between them is made in the form of a support cone having the shape of a cone located on the end of the axial protrusion of the working head and located at the bottom of the socket of the recess tip to accommodate the support protrusion. The support protrusion and the walls of the recess are in the form of cones of rotation. The axis of the cones, which determine the shape of the supporting protrusion and recess, respectively, are located on the longitudinal axis of the cutter. The angle of inclination of the generatrix of the cone, which determines the shape of the support protrusion, is not less than 0.95 and not more than 0.99 of the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the cone, which determines the shape of the recess.

However, the practice of coal mining shows that the cutters removed from the combine have working heads with wear by a third, half, and even more. This means that the axial protrusion of the working head is inevitably damaged and the cutter becomes unsuitable for reuse.

Fastening the tip to the working head by soldering makes it impossible to remove the worn out and install a new tip in underground mining or road works;

Known cutter for mining and road machinery [RU 106306 U1, IPC E21C 35/18 (2006.01); publ. 07/10/2011], containing a holder, a head in the form of a body of revolution and a tip of carbide material. The head is made with a replaceable working part, in which the tip is installed. The replaceable working part of the head has an axial protrusion, and the head has a socket for accommodating the axial protrusion. The length of the replaceable working part of the head is 0.4-0.8 of the length of the head.

The disadvantage of this device is the high energy consumption of breaking the rock mass and accelerated destruction of the head of the cutter. This is due to the conical shape of the tip of the carbide material, which does not cut the array, but breaks and punctures. The rock in front of the tip is first crumpled, then compacted, and after the separation forces exceed the adhesion forces, shapeless parts are punctured in front of the cutter. The crushing and regrinding of the rock leads to intense dust formation in the face.

Known cutter for mining and road machinery [RU 153412 U1, IPC E21C 35/18 (2006.01), E02A 9/28 (2006.01); publ. 07/20/2015], selected as a prototype, which contains a holder, a head in the form of a body of revolution, a replaceable working part of the head with a length of 0.4 - 0.8 of the length of the head with an axial protrusion, a socket in the head for accommodating the axial protrusion The tip is made of carbide material in the form of a disk with a cutting edge fixed in the axial slot of the replaceable working part of the head on the axis of rotation. The axial protrusion of the replaceable part of the head is cylindrical and has an annular groove. A through threaded hole in the socket is made on the head of the holder. A locking screw is located in the through threaded hole, which is included in the annular groove of the replaceable working part of the head. The disk is fixed in the axial slot of the replaceable working part of the head without rotation and is equipped with a cutting edge on the segment protruding from it.

When using a cutter to destroy hard rocks, a disk with a cutting edge forms a slot in the array, slightly destroying the adjacent parts. This determines the need for spending additional time on the combine to move the working body along the front of the face and the formation of additional slots, which reduces the efficiency of breaking the rock mass. Moreover, the carbide tip works under conditions of overcoming the compression resistance of the rock (greater than the shear and tensile strength by about an order of magnitude), which determines the increased energy intensity of rock destruction.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to increase the efficiency of breaking the rock mass.

The cutter for mining and road machines, as in the prototype, contains a holder, a head in the form of a body of revolution with a replaceable working part, in which a tip is installed in the form of a disk of carbide material equipped with a cutting edge, the replaceable working part is 0.4-0, 8 of the length of the head and is made with an axial cylindrical protrusion and with an annular groove, in the head there is a socket for accommodating the axial protrusion and a through threaded hole in the socket, and in the through threaded hole there is a locking screw included in the ring bore, the head of the slotted locking screw is recessed into the threaded hole, the disc is fixed in the axial slots replaceable working portion on the rotation axis.

According to the invention, a second socket is made in the head, in which an axial protrusion of the second interchangeable working part is placed. A threaded threaded hole is made in the side of the second socket, into which the second locking screw is screwed in so that its end is located in the second socket and placed in the through hole of the second removable working part, and the head with the slot of the second locking screw is recessed into the threaded hole. At the end of the second interchangeable working part, opposite the axial protrusion, there is a tip made of carbide material in the form of a direct prism with a base in the form of an isosceles right triangle, with the prismatic side of the prism coinciding with the cutting plane, the hypotenous face directed towards the front of the cutter located on the cutting line, and the triangular facet of the prism protruding from the second interchangeable working part (14) is beveled towards the hypotenous rib. The holder has a through hole for a cotter pin for fixing the cutter in the tool holder channel in the position of coincidence of the plane passing through the axis of two interchangeable working parts with the cutting plane of the array, while the first interchangeable working part with a tip in the form of a disk is placed in the direction of movement of the cutter. The head of the cutter is made tapering in the direction from the holder to the tips to an oval, covering the circumference of two interchangeable parts.

The disk of the first interchangeable working part allows, at relatively low energy inputs, to cut the rock mass and form the initial cut to a depth h. Placing a replaceable working part with a tip in the form of a prism on the head of the cutter after a removable working part with a cutting disk with a prism allows you to shift and chip it with the hypotenous face of the cut bank in the direction of the free space formed in front of the cutter located in the cutting line. Since the resistance of the rock to shear is much less than the resistance to compression, the destruction of the coast of the initial cut will occur with lower specific energy costs. The sharpening of the face of the triangular prism in the direction of the hypotenuse rib helps to cut the bank of the cut and facilitate its shift into the worked out space. Thus, the facilitated formation of a cut disk in the rock and the subsequent shift of its shore with a tip in the form of a direct prism provide high efficiency of breaking the rock mass with the proposed cutter.

The narrowing of the head and giving it an oval shape at the point of attachment of the replaceable working parts — elongated along one axis and compressed along the other — facilitates the conditions for the penetration of the cutter into the array following the primary destruction by two tips.

Such a cutter for mining and road machines provides an increase in the efficiency of breaking the rock mass.

In FIG. 1 shows a cutter for mining and road machinery in the process of destruction of the rock mass.

In FIG. 2 a cutter from view A in FIG. one.

In FIG. 3 the cutter according to BB in FIG. one.

In FIG. 4 the cutter according to BB in FIG. one.

In FIG. 5 the cutter according to G-D in FIG. one.

In FIG. 6 tip in the form of a direct prism in three projections.

The cutter for mining and road machinery contains a cylindrical holder 1 (Fig. 1) and a head 2 in the form of a body of revolution. The head 2 is made with a replaceable working part 3 with a length of 0.4-0.8 of the total length of the head 2. At one end of the replaceable working part 3, an axial protrusion 5 is made of a cylindrical shape, in which an annular groove is made 6. In the head 2, a socket 7 for placement axial protrusion 5. On the head 2 there is a through threaded hole 8 in the socket 7. In the through threaded hole 8 there is a locking screw 9, which enters the annular groove 6 of the replaceable working part 3 of the head 2. To protect the locking screw 9 from contact with the rock and wear his head with a slot buried in the threaded hole 8.

At the end of the axial protrusion 5, the end of the interchangeable working part 3 of the head 2 has a carbide tip in the form of a disk 4 (Fig. 2). The disk 4 is placed in the axial slot 10 (Fig. 3) of the removable working part 3 and is fixed on the axis of rotation 11, made in the form of a screw screwed into the threaded hole of the replaceable working part 3 of the head 2. The disk 4 has a solid, sharp cutting edge.

A second socket 12 (Fig. 1) is made in the cutter head 2, in which an axial protrusion 13 of the second interchangeable working part 14 is placed. A through threaded hole 15 is made in the side of the second socket 12, into which the locking screw 16 is screwed so that the end of the locking screw 16 is located in the second socket 12 and is located in the through hole 17 of the second interchangeable working part 14 of the head 2. To protect the locking screw 16 from contact with the rock and wear, its head with a slot is recessed into the threaded hole 15. At the end of the axial protrusion 13 of the end of the interchangeable eyes portion 14 of the head 2 is mounted a tip 18 (FIG. 4) made of hard material in the form of a right prism with a base in the form of an isosceles right triangle. The cathete face 19 of the prism 18 (Fig. 5) coincides with the cutting plane 20, and the hypotenuse face 21 is directed toward the front of the cutter located on the cutting line. The triangular face 22 (FIG. 6) of the prism 18 protruding from the removable working part 14 (FIG. 1) of the head 2 is made beveled at an angle P to the side of the hypotenuse rib 23.

In the holder 1 of the cutter, a through hole 24 (Fig. 1) is made under the cotter pin, which ensures the fixation of the cutter in the tool holder. The cutter in the tool holder is fixed in a position in which the plane passing through the axis of the replaceable working parts 3 and 14 of the head 2 coincides with the cutting plane of the array 20 (Fig. 2). At the same time, in the direction of movement of the cutter, a replaceable working part 3 of the head 2 with the cutting disc 4 is placed. The head 2 of the cutter is made tapered in the direction from the holder 1 to the tips 4 and 18. At the point of attachment of the replaceable working parts 3 and 14, the head 2 is made in the form oval 25, covering the circles of both interchangeable parts 3 and 14.

The proposed cutter for mining and road machinery works as follows. The cutter is mounted on an actuator (not shown in FIGS. 1-6) of a mining or road machine. The holder 1 is placed in the channel of the tool holder and fixed through the hole 24 with a cotter pin in a position corresponding to the plane passing through the axis of rotation of the replaceable working parts 3 and 14 of the head 2 with the cutting plane of the array 20. Next, the machine begins to chop coal, rock or asphalt. In this case, the carbide tip in the form of a cutting disk 4, due to its high penetrating ability, effectively forms a cavity in the array in the form of a priority narrow cut 26 to a depth h (Fig. 3).

Following the cutting disc 4, the second tip 18 (Fig. 4), due to the presence of a beveled face 22 (Fig. 6) and the hypotenuse face 21 (Fig. 5), acts on the side of the cut 27 from the side, cuts it and moves it to the previously formed free space 28 created in front by a cutting tool (not shown). This is how the blade of a bulldozer or grader works, displacing the soil to the side with a shear stress that is much less than the compressive stress of the rock.

The rock of the shore of cut 27 is chipped into the previously created worked-out space 28 without unnecessarily crushing and crushing by relatively large units, which reduces dust formation and air pollution. The oval shape 25 (Fig. 2) of the head 2 in the zone of attachment of the replaceable parts 3 and 18 facilitates the conditions for its penetration into the rock mass.

The cutter is operated until the carbide tips 4 and 18 are worn out. After that, the locking screw 9 (Fig. 1) or 16 of the worn-out replaceable working part 3 or 14 of the head 2 is unscrewed, removed from the sockets 7 or 12, replaced with new ones and the cutter continues to be used for mining masses. For the first removable working part 3 of the head 2, there is an additional possibility of a separate replacement of the worn cutting disc 4 by unscrewing the screw 11.

The sequential cutting of the array with the disk 4 and the expansion of the cut 26 (Fig. 3, 4) by shifting the shore 27 (Fig. 5) with the second tip 18 allows to reduce the number of revolutions of the working body necessary to destroy the layer of the array, reduce the energy consumption of the combine, reduce the formation of dust in the face and mine atmosphere pollution. The joint sequential work of the cutting 3 and shearing 14 interchangeable working parts of the head 2 in one tool provides effective destruction of the coal, rock or asphalt massif of the proposed cutter.

Claims (1)

Cutter for mining and road machines, containing a holder (1), a head (2) in the form of a body of revolution with a replaceable working part (3), in which a tip in the form of a disk (4) is made of carbide material equipped with a cutting edge, a replaceable working part (3) is 0.4-0.8 of the length of the head (2) and is made with an axial cylindrical protrusion (5) and with an annular groove (6), a socket (7) is made in the head (2) to accommodate the axial protrusion (5) and a through threaded hole (8) in the socket (7), and in the through threaded hole (8) there is a locking screw (9) included th in the annular groove (6), the head with the slot of the locking screw (9) is buried in the threaded hole (8), the disk (4) is fixed in the axial slot (10) of the replaceable working part (3) on the rotation axis (11), characterized in that in the head (2) there is a second socket (12) in which an axial protrusion (13) of the second interchangeable working part (14) is placed, a through threaded hole (15) is made in the side of the second socket (12), into which the second the locking screw (16) so that its end is located in the second socket (12) and placed in the through hole (17) of the second interchangeable working part ( 14), and the head with the slot of the second locking screw (16) is buried in the threaded hole (15), at the end of the second interchangeable working part (14), opposite the axial protrusion (13), a tip (18) is made of carbide material in the form of a direct prism with a base in the form of an isosceles right-angled triangle, with the leg (19) of the prism (18) coinciding with the cutting plane, the hypotenuse face (21) directed towards the front of the cutter located on the cutting line, and the triangular face protruding from the second interchangeable working part (14) (22) prisms (18) is made beveled towards the hypotenuse rib (23), in the holder (1) there is a through hole (24) for a cotter pin for fixing the cutter in the tool holder channel in the position of coincidence of the plane passing through the axes of two interchangeable working parts (3 and 14), with the cutting plane of the array, while the first interchangeable working part (3) with the tip in the form of a disk (4) is placed in the direction of movement of the cutter, the head (2) of the cutter is made tapering in the direction from the holder (1) to the tips (4 and 18) to oval (20), covering the circumference of interchangeable parts th (3 and 14).

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