RU2679842C1 - Grater - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building. Grater comprises case, cylindrical drum, deck, loading neck and discharge pipe. Cylindrical drum has a horizontal axis of rotation and a continuous grating surface, which is made of steel bars, hexagonal rolled, mounted on the edge. Cylindrical drum is rigidly fixed on said shaft to turn therewith. Deck has a dull grating surface of the oval type. Grating surface of the deck consists of steel cylindrical rods and scarifying plates. Scarifying plates are installed between steel cylindrical rods and have a width of 1.0–1.1 bar diameters.EFFECT: high efficiency of wiping seeds from wet clover hulls and scarification of solid seeds of legumes is achieved.1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering and can be used for wiping and scarifying seeds of perennial herbs and other crops.

Known grater device containing a housing, a cylindrical drum with a horizontal axis of rotation and a solid grater surface, a removable deck with a blank grater surface, a loading neck and an outlet pipe (patent application RU 2011119382 A, publ. 20.11.2012). A removable deck allows you to effectively perform two technological operations: wiping - with a deck equipped with a grater surface, and scarification - with a deck equipped, for example, with a sanding pad. A disadvantage of the known device is the design complexity due to the presence of a removable deck, and the associated additional time required to prepare the machine for operation when switching from one type of work to another.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the present invention is a grater device comprising a body, a cylindrical drum with a horizontal axis of rotation and an outer continuous grater surface made of steel bars of hexagonal steel, mounted on a rib, a deck with a blank oval type gravel surface, consisting from steel cylindrical rods, loading neck, outlet pipe (patent RU 2549929 C2, publ. 05/10/2015, bull. No. 13). This device has a simpler design and due to the continuous grater surface of the drum made of steel bars of hexagonal rolled products mounted on a rib, it provides high efficiency of wiping seeds from a dry heap, but does not work well when scarifying seeds due to the smooth oval surface of the deck.

The problem that needs to be solved is to increase the efficiency of the process of wiping seeds from wet heaps and scarification of solid seeds of legumes.

The problem is solved using the proposed grater device containing a housing, a cylindrical drum with a horizontal axis of rotation and an outer continuous grater surface made of steel rods of hexagonal steel, mounted on a rib, a deck with a blank oval-type grater surface, consisting of steel cylindrical rods, loading the neck, the outlet pipe, and the deck with a dull grating surface of an oval type is equipped with scarifying plates installed between the steel cylindrical rods, wherein the scarifying deck plates have a width b, equal to (1,0 ... 1,1) d diameter rods.

As a result of the analysis of literary sources, no identical execution of the proposed device was found. Moreover, distinctive features from the prototype signs give the claimed combination of new properties, manifested in a positive effect.

The installation on the deck of scarifying plates between steel cylindrical rods with a width b = (1,0 ... 1,1) d of the diameter of these rods provides the required degree of scarification (destruction of the waterproof shell) of solid leguminous grass seeds, and also increases the degree of wiping of seeds from wet clover wadding corresponding optimal drum speed.

The scheme of the grater device is shown in figures 1, 2 and 3.

The device comprises a housing 1, a loading neck 2, a rotating cylindrical drum 4 with an external continuous grater surface 5, a deck 6 with a blind grater surface 7 of an oval type, an outlet pipe 8. A cylindrical drum 4 is horizontally mounted on the shaft 3. The loading neck 2 is mounted tangentially relative to the cylindrical drum. The continuous gravel surface 5 of the drum 4 is made of steel rods 9 of hexagonal steel, mounted relative to the cylindrical surface of the drum on the rib. The cylindrical drum can be made in the form of a shell 10 of sheet steel or a steel pipe with support disks rigidly fixed to the shaft 3. Steel bars 9 are attached to the shell 10 and to each other by welding. The deaf grating surface 7 of the deck 6 is made of steel cylindrical rods 11 and the scarifying plates 12 installed between them through one, two or more rods resting on two sides of the deck 6 with a concave inner surface and interconnected by welding in one rigid structure. Steel plates 12 for increasing the service life of the grater surface are made of hard alloy. The optimal width of the scarifying plates is due to the fact that their working face is at the same level with the cylindrical rods 11 relative to the grater surface 5 of the drum 4 or is slightly closer to it -b = (1,0 ... 1,1) d.

The working process of the grater device is as follows. The material to be processed (for example, clover pygon or the seeds of Eastern goatskin, containing a large amount of hard seeds) is fed into the loading neck 2, from where it under the influence of gravity enters the working zone formed by the continuous grater surface 5 of the rotating drum 4 and the deaf grater surface 7 of deck 6 . When processing clover pygry, the grazing surface 5 of the drum 4 captures it and drags along the grater surface 7 of deck 6. The normal pressure arising during rotation of the drum in the compressed material layer and the frictional force and determine its grinding. At the same time, the sharp edges of the plates 12 contribute to a more intense destruction of clover bobics, and especially with increased humidity of a wad. Wiped pyzhin through the outlet pipe 8 due to the forces of inertia and gravity is removed to the outside.

During the scarification of hard Eastern goatskin seeds, the material is fed into the working area with a thin layer. The destruction of the hard shell on the seeds occurs from numerous strokes of the continuous grater surface 5 of the drum 4, due to ricochets from the blank grater surface 7 of deck 6, as well as from the impact of the sharp edges of the scarifying plates when moving the material along the deck. The treated seeds are discharged from the grater device through the outlet pipe 8 in the same way as a wiped out wad. The technological process during wiping and scarification of seeds differs only in different optimal drum rotation speeds. The material supply and design parameters of the device remain the same.

Due to the presence of scarifying plates with a width of b = (1.0 ... 1.1) d, installed between the cylindrical rods of the deck, an increase in the efficiency of the process of wiping seeds from wet pyzyg and scarification of solid seeds of leguminous plants is achieved.

Claims (1)

Grater device comprising a housing, a cylindrical drum with a horizontal axis of rotation and an outer continuous grater surface made of steel rods of hexagonal rolled products mounted on a rib, a deck with a blank oval type gravel surface, consisting of steel cylindrical rods, a loading neck, an outlet pipe, characterized the fact that the deck with a dull grating surface of an oval type is equipped with scarifying plates mounted between steel cylindrical rods, while deck deck plates have a width of 1.0-1.1 bar diameters.

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