RU2679681C1 - Method and device for forming a rising air flow - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.SUBSTANCE: invention can be used to protect the controlled area from aerosol contamination. Corona discharge is generated in an air stream moving along the surface of the earth with a subsequent rotation of its direction of movement upwards. Generation of the corona discharge is preceded by the passage of the air flow over the water surface formed in a reservoir, which is performed in advance in the area adjacent to the corona discharge generation device (1). System contains devices for generating ion wind with aerodynamic reflectors (5). Corona discharge generation devices (1) are made in the form of separate modules. Modules are installed one above the other in a plane intersecting the incoming air flow, with the shift of each higher-level device relative to the lower-level one to the side of the incoming air flow by δ=h*tgα, where 60°>>α>>30°, h≤3 - module height. System is equipped with a reservoir made from the side upwind of the corona discharge generating device.EFFECT: improving the efficiency of the formation of a rising air flow in a hot and dry climate.3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of technology intended for the formation of ascending air currents, and can be used to protect controlled territories from aerosol pollution.

The most widespread methods of protecting controlled territories from drip aerosols and mists. Known methods and devices for dispersing fogs in a controlled area, based on the artificial condensation of water vapor by using special substances, reagents, (see, for example, US patent No. 2160900, published 06.06.1939, US patent 2934275, published 26.04. 1960 g ., US patent No. 2527230, published 24.10.1950). Despite the experience gained in the practical use of reagents, (see, for example, Bibilashvili et al. “Guidelines for the organization and conduct of anti-hail works”, Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1981), these methods do not work in conditions of warm fog (fogs that occur during positive air temperatures). In addition, the literature notes that their continuous use, to one degree or another, leads to environmental degradation and requires significant material resources due to the need for the production of reagents in large quantities, the manufacture and operation of reagent delivery vehicles in the fog dispersion region.

The method of artificially forming an ascending air flow to disperse warm mists has been successfully applied at an aerodrome in England. A thermal method called FIDO was used. When oil or fuel oil was burned in burners installed on long pipelines along the runway, heat was generated. Warm air rose up and carried away surrounding masses of air saturated with aerosols. The dispersion of fog over the airfield was provided. See for example http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAIjxaJ2_Ag. This method has not found wide application due to the high cost of operation. It required the burning of about 50 liters of fuel per second. A cheaper way is the method of forming an upward air flow and dispersing the fog, which in addition to the thermal effect on the fog, used the kinetic energy of the heat stream. See, for example, US patent No. 2 969920, published 01/31/1961, US patent No. 3712542, published 03/15/1971, However, this method also required high operating costs and did not find its practical application.

Methods of forming ascending air currents and dispersing the fog using the kinetic energy of the ionic wind generated during the generation of the corona discharge are proposed. See, for example, RF patent No. 2485763 Ru, published 06/27/2013, bull. Number 18. The device contains a grounded electrically conductive grid attached to supporting cables suspended on supports. The grid is attached with a gap relative to the corona electrodes connected to the high voltage source, on the surface of the equidistant surface formed by the corona electrodes. The device is equipped with power cables fixed to the corona electrodes. Cables are suspended on supports through high-voltage insulators. When installing an electrically conductive grid parallel to the surface of the earth, the known device allows the formation of an ionic wind directed upward, which, under conditions of complete calm and with significant area characteristics of the device, can develop into a stable upward air flow. See, for example, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PGGkdaVStXs. However, in natural conditions, when a crosswind blows, a deviation of the ion wind stream occurs and the formation of a stable upward air flow in a known manner is difficult. The closest technical solution to the proposed technical solution is the method and device for dispersing fog, described in the patent for invention No. 2525333 Ru, published on 08/10/2014, bull. No. 2. The known method provides for the formation of an ascending air stream by generating an ionic wind in an air stream moving along the surface of the earth with the subsequent direction of its further upward movement. The known device for forming an upward air flow includes an ion wind generation system and contains a grounded lattice structure, with a gap relative to which corona electrodes connected to a high-voltage power source are installed. Along the grounded lattice structure on the opposite side with respect to the corona electrodes, an aerodynamic reflector is installed in the known device. The known method and device for forming an upward flow allows the use of wind energy. Which increases the likelihood of a steady upward flow in the natural environment of the real atmosphere even in the presence of wind.

At the same time, as calculations show, for the formation of an upward flow in a real atmosphere, significant overall dimensions of the device are required. Turbulent disturbances are formed in the air flow moving from the ion wind generation source to the aerodynamic reflector, which reduces the efficiency of the aerodynamic reflectors. The speed of upward air flows decreases, which reduces the likelihood of a steady upward flow, especially in a dry atmosphere.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of formation of the ascending air flow in hot and dry climates.

To achieve the stated goal in the known method of forming an upward air flow in the atmosphere, which consists in generating a corona discharge in an air stream moving along the earth’s surface with subsequent rotation of its upward direction, the generation of a corona discharge is preceded by the passage of an air stream above the water surface formed in the reservoir in advance made in the area adjacent to the corona discharge generating device.

, где

; система формирования восходящего воздушного потока снабжена водоемом, выполненным с наветренной от устройства генерации коронного разряда стороны.In the known system for the formation of an upward air flow containing an ion wind generation device with aerodynamic reflectors, ion wind generation devices are made in the form of separate modules mounted one above the other in a plane intersecting the incoming air flow, with a shift of each superior device relative to the downstream one towards the incoming air flow rate

where

; the ascending air flow formation system is provided with a pond made from the side windward from the corona discharge generation device.

The technical result is ensured due to the fact that for the formation of the ascending air stream, not only the energy of the wind flow is used, but also the stored energy of the latent heat of condensation of water in advance. The air stream passing along the surface of the water carries away the moisture evaporating from the water surface, which condenses during the rise of the rising stream. The released condensation energy in the process of lifting the air mass up heats the air flow and contributes to its further rise. Thus, the proposed method allows in hot and dry climates to accumulate solar energy in a well-made body of water, and then use it in the form of vaporous moisture to form an upward air flow. With insufficient amount of accumulated solar energy, sources of water heating can be installed in the reservoir, which will allow for a long time to accumulate the necessary amount of energy for the stable formation of the ascending air flow.

The implementation of the device for generating ionic wind in the form of separate modules allows to minimize the free flow of the jets running on the aerodynamic reflectors of the air flow. The incoming wind stream with minimal losses with the help of aerodynamic reflectors is converted from horizontal flow to vertical. The proposed technical solution makes it possible to provide a high-quality aerodynamic scheme for turning the wind flow at any arbitrarily large dimensions of the device, and to minimize the loss of kinetic energy of the incident wind flow during its aerodynamic reversal in the direction of vertical lift.

, где

, что позволяет снизить вероятность образования турбулентных вихрей и снижает величину аэродинамических потерь ветрового потока при повороте его направления движения вверх. Со стороны набегающего воздушного потока относительно устройства генерации ионного ветра вдоль всей линии устройства генерации ионного ветра выполняется водоем, который при необходимости может быть снабжен устройством подогрева воды и шторами закрытия водоема и обеспечения изоляции поверхности воды от атмосферного воздуха. Кроме того, в водоеме могут быть установлены устройства, обеспечивающие распыления воды в проходящем воздушном потоке. При поступлении команды на формирование восходящего воздушного потока шторы закрытия водоема открывают и подают напряжение на коронирующие электроды. Проходящий над водоемом воздушный ветровой поток насыщается испаряемой из водоема влагой и поступает в разрядный промежуток коронного разряда. В разрядном промежутке коронного разряда содержащиеся в проходящем воздушном потоке аэрозоли получают электрический заряд. Воздушный поток, отражаясь от аэродинамических отражателей направляется вверх. Учитывая, что набегающий ветровой поток аэродинамическим отражателями каждого установленного друг над другом модуля генерации ионного ветра разбивается на отдельные струи, скорость восходящего сформированного воздушного потока практически имеет такое же значение, как и горизонтальна скорость ветра. А при правильно организованной системе генерации коронного разряда даже и большее значение, на величину значения формируемого коронным разрядом скорости ионного ветра. В процессе подъема воздушный поток расширяется, содержащиеся в восходящем воздушном потоке пары воды конденсируются, выделяется тепло парообразования, способствующее дальнейшему подъему воздушных масс. Таким образом, к энергии ветрового потока и ионного ветра предлагаемое техническое решение обеспечивает добавление энергии, накапливаемой в воде обустроенного в прилегающем к устройству генерации ионного ветра водоеме. Обеспечивается увеличение эффективности формирования восходящего воздушного потока и достижение заявленной цели изобретения.Implementation of the proposed method is as follows. In the area adjacent to the controlled territory, determine the wind rose prevailing for this particular area. From the windward side of the controlled territory, a device for generating ion wind with aerodynamic reflectors is mounted. The generation of ionic wind can be achieved by generating a corona discharge between the corona electrode and the grounded, grounded structure, which is free for air flow. The ion wind generation device is installed in such a way that the grounded free-for-air structure is oriented at right angles to the most probable direction of the wind flow. Installation of the ion wind generation device is carried out in the form of separate modules mounted on top of each other, the height of each of which does not exceed 3 meters. On the opposite side of the corona electrodes of the relatively grounded design, which is free to pass the air flow, aerodynamic reflectors are mounted in each module, which rotate the horizontal air flow by 90 ° and guide the formed air flow vertically upwards. The installation of the ion wind generation modules on top of each other is carried out with a shift of each superior device relative to the downstream one towards the incoming air flow by an amount

where

, which reduces the likelihood of the formation of turbulent vortices and reduces the magnitude of the aerodynamic losses of the wind flow when turning its direction of movement up. On the side of the incoming air flow relative to the ion wind generation device, a pond is provided along the entire line of the ion wind generation device, which, if necessary, can be equipped with a water heating device and curtains to close the pond and to isolate the surface of the water from atmospheric air. In addition, devices capable of spraying water in a passing air stream can be installed in a pond. When a command is received to form an upward air flow, the pond closure curtains open and apply voltage to the corona electrodes. The air wind flow passing over the reservoir is saturated with moisture evaporated from the reservoir and enters the discharge gap of the corona discharge. In the discharge gap of the corona discharge, the aerosols contained in the passing air stream receive an electric charge. Air flow reflecting from aerodynamic reflectors is directed upwards. Considering that the incident wind flow is divided into separate jets by aerodynamic reflectors of each installed above each other ion generation module, the speed of the ascending air flow is almost the same as the horizontal wind speed. And with a correctly organized system for generating a corona discharge, even a larger value is equal to the value of the ion wind speed formed by the corona discharge. During the ascent, the air flow expands, the water vapor contained in the ascending air stream condenses, the heat of vaporization is generated, which contributes to the further rise of the air masses. Thus, the proposed technical solution to the energy of the wind flow and ion wind provides the addition of energy accumulated in the water arranged in the body of water adjacent to the ion wind generation device. It provides an increase in the efficiency of formation of the ascending air flow and the achievement of the stated objectives of the invention.

.In fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a device for forming an upward air flow that implements the proposed method. The device includes a corona discharge generation device and a pond made from the windward side of the corona discharge generation device. A corona discharge generating device made in the form of separate modules mounted one above the other in a plane crossing the wind flow. Each individual module can be made as described in the patent for invention No. 2525333 Ru scheme and includes a grounded lattice structure 2, made in the form of a structure free for air flow. As a grounded lattice structure 2 can be used conventional conductive mesh. Electronically isolated and with a gap L relative to the grounded lattice structure 2, for example, corona electrodes 4 are mounted on insulators 3 connected to a high-voltage power supply (not shown in Fig. 1). Each individual module is equipped with aerodynamic reflectors 5 mounted on a guide 6 mounted at an angle a to the horizontal. The angle of inclination of the guide a, the number and distance between the reflectors is selected at the stage of aerodynamic research of specific designs of the modules from the condition of minimum aerodynamic losses spent on turning the flowing air flow from horizontal to vertical. Based on experimental studies, the value of the angle a can be recommended in the range

.

. При данном значении сдвига обеспечивается единые аэродинамические условия для всех модулей, что позволяет добиться наиболее высокой эффективности работы устройства, унификации отдельных его узлов и деталей, и снизить затраты на изготовление устройства. Водоем устанавливается с наветренной от устройства генерации коронного разряда сторона на расстоянии С, значение которого определяется либо экспериментально, либо путем проведения численного моделирования, исходя из условия максимального насыщения проходящего воздушного потока парами воды.The individual modules are mounted on top of each other with a shift of each higher module relative to the lower one towards the incoming air flow by an amount

. At this shear value, uniform aerodynamic conditions are provided for all modules, which allows to achieve the highest efficiency of the device, unification of its individual components and parts, and reduce the cost of manufacturing the device. The pond is installed from the side upwind from the corona discharge generation device at a distance C, the value of which is determined either experimentally or by numerical simulation, based on the condition of maximum saturation of the passing air stream with water vapor.

The overall dimensions of the corona discharge generating device, the height H and its cross-sectional size B, as well as the cross-sectional size of the reservoir A are determined by the results of numerical simulation of the formation of the ascending air flow under the given conditions of stratification of the atmosphere, temperature and speed of the incident wind flow W, etc.

The proposed device operates as follows.

When approaching the corona discharge generation device, the wind flow W passes over the reservoir and is saturated with moisture evaporated from the reservoir (shown in Fig. 1 by wavy arrows). A moisture-saturated wind stream enters the corona discharge generation device 1. When a high voltage is applied to the corona electrodes 4, a powerful electric field is formed between the corona electrodes 4 and the grounded lattice structure 2 and the corona discharge is ignited. The parameters of the high-voltage power source are selected based on the conditions for ensuring a stable corona discharge, based on well-known recommendations that are widely used in electrostatic precipitators. See, for example, G.M.A. Aliev, A.E. Gonik. Electrical equipment and power modes of electrostatic precipitators. Energy. Moscow. 1971. p. 95-173. When generating a corona discharge, an ionic wind is formed from the corona electrode 4 to the grounded lattice structure 2. As shown by experiments conducted with the participation of the author, the stable value of the ionic wind was approximately 0.7-1 m / s. The ion wind flow is added to the naturally occurring moistened wind flow and enters the aerodynamic reflector 5, reflected from the surface of which goes out into the natural atmosphere in the form of a jet having a velocity (W + ΔW). During the ascent, the air flow expands, the water vapor contained in the ascending air stream condenses, the heat of vaporization is generated, which contributes to the further rise of the air masses. Thus, the proposed technical solution provides the energy stored in the water adjacent to the ion wind generation device to the energy of the wind flow and ionic wind. It provides an increase in the efficiency of formation of the ascending air flow and the achievement of the stated objectives of the invention. The modular design of the corona discharge generator allows it to be made of arbitrarily large overall dimensions and to ensure the formation of an upward air stream of an arbitrarily large cross section. This will ensure that the air masses rise to the heights necessary to initiate the condensation processes contained in the ascending air stream of water. The energy accumulated in the water basin is released, the efficiency of the formation of the ascending air flow is increased.

Thus, the proposed solution, thanks to new features in combination with the known ones, makes it possible to form a stable corona discharge over the entire area of the device, increase the efficiency of fog dispersion and achieve the goal of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. The method of forming an upward air flow in the atmosphere, which consists in generating a corona discharge in an air flow moving along the earth’s surface with a subsequent rotation of its upward direction, characterized in that the generation of a corona discharge is preceded by the passage of an air flow over the water surface formed in the reservoir in advance made in the area adjacent to the corona discharge generating device. 2. A system for generating an ascending air flow comprising an ion wind generating device with aerodynamic reflectors, characterized in that the corona discharge generating devices are made in the form of separate modules mounted one above the other in a plane crossing the incoming air flow with a shift of each superior device relative to the downstream in the direction of the oncoming air flow by δ = h * tgα, where 60 ° >> α >> 30 °, h≤3 is the module height. 3. The system for forming an upward air flow according to claim 2, characterized in that it is provided with a pond made from the windward side of the corona discharge generating device.

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