RU2678191C1 - Method for studying ferroelectric nano-current manifestations of oxyhydrates gels of d- and f-elements and a device for detecting such pulsating ferroelectric nano-current manifestations - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to analysis of aggregation stability of nanoparticles of colloidal systems, namely, gels of oxyhydrates of d- and f-elements. For this purpose, the oxyhydrate gel of d- and f-elements is synthesized from oxychloride salts of d- and f-elements while adding caustic soda or ammonia solution. Resultant gel is further placed in a device for detecting pulsating ferroelectric nano-current manifestations. Device is a container in the form of a glass comprising a lower graphite electrode, in which an upper graphite electrode is vertically installed with a gap, connected to each other through a voltage amplifier, wherein one of the electrodes rotates at a constant speed of 0.5 rpm. Voltage between the electrodes is measured for 5–8 hours every day for 70–90 days, and then the obtained measurement results are filtered, the voltage between the electrodes is converted into a ripple current according to formula I=0.2*10*U. Phase portraits of attractors are further constructed in the mathematical program MathLab, portions of the spectra of current pulsations are pointwise increased in the phase portrait, revealing a caustic or electroacoustic hologram, and the hologram structure is studied.EFFECT: group of inventions provides a visual image of fragments of the structure of water clusters, the analysis of which will allow studying and investigating the structure of gels of oxyhydrates of d- and f-elements at different points in time.7 cl, 12 dwg

Description

A method for studying nanocurrent ferroelectric manifestations of oxyhydrate gels of d- and f-elements and a device for detecting such nanocurrent pulsating ferroelectric manifestations

The invention relates to the field of research and analysis of materials, namely colloidal systems.

The invention allows to study the aggregation stability of nanoparticles of colloidal systems, in particular gels of oxyhydrates of d- and f-elements, by fixing and measuring the pulsations of electric nanocurrent arising in them, analysis and construction of electroacoustic holograms based on the obtained data.

The study of the properties of the gels of oxyhydrates of d- and f-elements, for example, zirconium, tin, iron, aluminum, yttrium, etc., and their structure by various methods will allow in the future to obtain various modifications of the properties of the gels and their characteristics, including stable time, and also allows you to understand the nature of the gels of inorganic polymers, chemical transformations in polymer chains.

There are a number of methods for studying colloidal systems, such as ultramicroscopy, electron microscopy, nephelometry and turbidimetry, birefringence, radiography, and electron diffraction.

Colloidal systems are also examined by passing an electric current through them or by applying electromagnetic radiation.

So there is a method of measuring the size distribution function of colloidal particles in an aqueous solution (RU 2634096, IPC G01N15 / 02, G01N27 / 06, G06F17 / 18, published October 23, 2017), which consists in placing the test colloidal solution in a cell, which is flat capacitor, solution polarization under the influence of an external electric field with a strength of 1-10 ³ V / cm, measurement of the characteristics of the medium, their computer processing: calculation according to the formula, distribution by size of colloidal particles.

There is also a method for determining the degree of aggregative stability of colloidal particles of residual oil and associated water of an oil reservoir after exposure to oil-displacing reagents (RU 2003079, IPC G01N22 / 00, published on November 15, 1993), which consists in pumping the rim of a chemical reagent through an oil-bearing model formation, exposure to it by electromagnetic radiation, determination of the most probable relaxation times of polarization and judgment on the basis of the data obtained on the change in the degree of aggregative stability of colloidal particles.

However, the known methods do not allow to diagnose and study all the processes occurring in the oxyhydrate gels of d- and f-elements, as well as the evolution of their properties.

In the early studies of Professor Sukharev Yu. I. (Sukharev Yu. I., Markov B. A. Non-linearity of gel oxyhydrate systems. Yekaterinburg: Ural Branch of RAS. 2005. 468c.), It was proved that d- and f-elements are present in oxyhydrate gels spontaneous outbursts (pulsations, pulses) of an electric nanocurrent caused by charged nanocluster motions in a gel.

Pulsating nanocurrents indicate constant changes in the gels of oxyhydrates of d- and f-elements - aggregation or coalescence of large particles and the release of light charge carriers.

Namely, the measurement and analysis of the arising spontaneous pulsating nanocurrents, their nature and mechanism of occurrence, allows us to study in detail the evolution and processes of structure formation in oxyhydrate gels of d- and f-elements synthesized under various conditions. These studies, in turn, can be used in industry (in catalysts), medicine, and scientific research.

A known method of producing an electric current in gel oxyhydrate systems (RU 2300161, IPC Н01М6 / 22, Н0М8 / 20, published May 27, 2007), which consists in obtaining a metal oxyhydrate gel by alkaline deposition from a metal salt solution, by placing a freshly prepared metal oxyhydrate gel into a hollow tube with platinum electrodes fixed at the ends, from which electric current is removed on the storage unit.

Also known is a method of killing pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms (RU 2500430, IPC A61L2 / 03; A61L2 / 16; A61L101 / 34, publ. 10.12.2013), based on the processing of a medium containing pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms, a disinfectant a composition comprising a metal oxyhydrate gel obtained by alkaline precipitation from a solution of a salt of metal chlorides with a solution of ammonia. Freshly prepared metal oxyhydrate gel is placed in an electrochemical cell with graphite electrodes of the device for forming charged metal cluster particles and a bacterial solution of the medium diluted with distilled water is added, the medium is exposed to polarization flows of cluster oxyhydrate particles of the metal oxyhydrate gel from 2 to 6 hours, while for the formation of gels of metal oxyhydrates as the salt of metal chlorides selected salts of zirconium or iron chlorides.

In this method, an electrochemical cell with graphite electrodes was used to study spike bursts of nanoclusters (spontaneous nanocurrents) of oxyhydrate gels in a bacterial medium, which is a rectangular cell, on which two graphite electrodes are fixed, at a distance of not more than 70 mm. The contacts of the electrodes are connected to an electronic recording device (RU 2500430, IPC A61L 2/03; A61L 2/16; A61L 101/34, publ. 10.12.2013).

Known devices for generating electric current and studying spike bursts of nanoclusters of oxyhydrate gels in a bacterial medium can be used to detect nanocurrent pulsating ferroelectric manifestations of oxyhydrate gels of d- and f-elements.

However, the known devices have low accuracy and informativeness associated with the measurement of pulsating nanocurrents in oxyhydrate gels only relative to the fixed plane of the electrodes placed in the gel. In the studied colloidal system, there is no mixing (“stirring”), which does not ensure the intersection of the surface of graphite electrodes with the flows of charged nanoparticles (clusters) of the colloidal system.

To obtain volumetric phase images (attractors) of charged clusters of oxyhydrate particles of gels, it is necessary to obtain the points of intersection of their motion fluxes with the electrode surface. For this, the secant surface, in particular the electrode surface, must move in a colloidal system (gel) according to a certain, well-known law, normally crossing the orbits of moving clusters.

Known methods and devices do not allow to get an idea about the structure of the oxyhydrate gels of d- and f-elements exhibiting ferroelectric properties, the change in their structure over time, but only provide for fixing spontaneous pulsations of the electric nanocurrent in the gel.

Thus, the problem to which the present invention is directed, is to develop a method that allows you to get an idea about the structure of the gels of oxyhydrates of d- and f-elements by studying nanocurrent pulsating ferroelectric manifestations of gels, and creating an installation that improves the accuracy and information content of the detection of nanocurrent pulsating manifestations of oxyhydrate gels of d- and f-elements.

The solution of the problem in the method of studying the nanocurrent ferroelectric manifestations of the gels of oxyhydrates of d- and f-elements is as follows: prepare a gel of oxyhydrate of d- and f-elements, synthesizing it from salts of oxychloride of d- and f-elements by adding a solution of sodium hydroxide or ammonia, place the finished gel in a device for detecting pulsed nanocurrent ferroelectric manifestations of gels of oxyhydrates of d- and f- elements, which is a container containing a lower graphite electrode into which the vertical about with a gap installed upper graphite electrode, while one of the electrodes rotates at a constant speed of 0.5 rpm, measure the voltage between the electrodes for 5-8 hours every day for 70-90 days, filter the obtained measurement results, convert voltage between the electrodes in the ripple current according to the formula:

I = 0.2 * 10 ^-6 * U,

the construction of phase portraits of attractors in the mathematical program; on the phase portrait, the sections of the spectra of current pulsations are increased pointwise, opening a caustic or electro-acoustic hologram, and the structure of the hologram is studied.

The phase portrait of attractors is a three-dimensional system of current values at the current time and current values at the next time.

The solution of this problem in a device for detecting nanot flow pulsed ferroelectric manifestations of gels of oxyhydrates of d- and f- elements, containing a container with two graphite electrodes connected to each other through an electronic recording device, is achieved by the fact that the capacity is made in the form of a glass containing a lower electrode, in which the upper electrode is vertically mounted with a gap, while one of the electrodes rotates at a constant speed of 0.5 rpm, the electrodes are connected to an electronic With a recording device through a voltage amplifier measured between the electrodes, the capacitance is shielded from the influence of an external electromagnetic background.

In special cases, the implementation of the device:

The container is made of polymer material.

The capacity performs the function of the lower electrode and is made of graphite.

The rotation of the electrode is carried out by means of a low-power electric drive.

The gap is made between the walls and the bottom of the tank and the upper electrode.

Using the proposed device provides an increase in accuracy and informational content of detecting nanocurrent pulsating ferroelectric manifestations of gels of oxyhydrates of d- and f-elements due to mixing ("stirring") of the gel due to the rotation of the electrode, the use of a voltage amplifier arising between the electrodes, and shielding of the capacitance.

The rotation of the electrode provides mixing ("stirring") of the oxyhydrate gel of d- and f- elements, which eliminates the "parasitic" (random) processes in the gel: nanocurrent pulses that do not correspond to real processes. The rotation of the electrode also ensures the intersection of the flows of motion of the charged clusters with the surface of the electrodes, which allows you to record the pulsations of the electric nanocurrent in the entire volume of the colloidal system, and not just at the surface of the electrodes.

The presence of a voltage amplifier arising between the electrodes allows us to record the minimum ripple of the electric nanocurrent in the gel for further analysis.

Shielding a container with a gel helps prevent distortion of the measurement results by an external electromagnetic background.

Together, all these design features can improve the accuracy of obtaining current ripple data in the entire volume of the colloidal system.

The proposed method for studying the pulsations of the electric nanocurrent in the gels of oxyhydrates of d- and f-elements makes it possible to construct electro-acoustic holograms, which are a visual image of fragments of the structure of water clusters, the analysis of which will help to study and study the structure of oxyhydrate gels at different points in time.

An analysis of phase portraits allows a detailed study of the evolution and processes of structure formation in gels synthesized under various conditions, the effect of modifying additives on the structure. Studying the mechanisms of structure formation will ultimately make it possible to synthesize with a high degree of probability gels with desired properties.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings:

in FIG. 1 is a general view of a device for detecting nanocurrent pulsating ferroelectric manifestations of oxyhydrate gels of d- and f-elements;

in FIG. 2 - electro-acoustic holograms of iron (III) oxyhydrate gel obtained on the 11th day of the study;

in FIG. 3 - electro-acoustic holograms of iron (III) oxyhydrate gel obtained on the 17th day of the study;

in FIG. 4 - electro-acoustic holograms of iron (III) oxyhydrate gel obtained on the 19th day of the study;

in FIG. 5 - electro-acoustic holograms of iron (III) oxyhydrate gel obtained on the 46th day of the study;

in FIG. 6 - electro-acoustic holograms of iron (III) oxyhydrate gel obtained on the 81st day of the study;

in FIG. 7 - electro-acoustic holograms of aluminum oxyhydrate gel obtained on different days of the study;

in FIG. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 - electro-acoustic holograms of yttrium oxyhydrate gel obtained on different days of the study.

Presented on the drawing (Fig. 1) and described below, an embodiment of a device for detecting pulsed nanocurrent pulsed ferroelectric manifestations of d- and f- element oxyhydrates gels is given primarily for purposes of illustration and should not be construed as limiting the scope of claims.

A method for studying nanocurrent ferroelectric manifestations of oxyhydrate gels of d- and f-elements using the claimed device is as follows.

An oxyhydrate gel of d- and f-elements is prepared, for example, an iron (III) oxyhydrate gel, synthesizing it from iron oxychloride salts by adding sodium hydroxide or ammonia solution under certain conditions: pH = 9.25; the amount of added iron n = 0,00094 mol. In this way, oxyhydrate gels can be prepared, for example, metals such as zirconium, tin, yttrium, aluminum, etc.

The oxyhydrate gels of most d- and f-elements exhibit pronounced ferroelectric properties, which are expressed in the appearance of spontaneous electric nanocurrent in the gel.

The finished gel of iron oxyhydrate in a volume of about 20 ml is placed in a device for research: a device for detecting nanocurrent pulsating ferroelectric manifestations of oxyhydrate gels of d- and f-elements.

The device contains a container 1 having the shape of a glass into which the finished gel is placed. The container is made of polymer material. To the bottom of the tank 1 is permanently attached, for example, by gluing, the graphite electrode 2 is mainly round in shape. In another embodiment, the container 1 (glass) is made of graphite and itself performs the function of an electrode in contact with the gel.

A second (upper) graphite electrode 3 is introduced into the container 1 so that there is a gap of not more than 10 mm between the bottom and the walls of the container 1 and the electrode 3. In a preferred embodiment, the upper electrode 3 is rotatable in the container 1 with a constant predetermined speed of about 0.5 revolutions per minute. In another embodiment, the capacitance 1 rotates at a constant speed with the lower electrode 2, and the upper electrode 3 remains stationary. The rotation of the electrodes provides a “stirring" of the gel, reduces the likelihood of the appearance of "spurious" nanoclusters.

The rotation of the electrode 3 is carried out by means of a low-power electric drive 4, made, for example, in the form of a DC motor.

The container 1 and the rotating electrode 3 are preferably cylindrical.

The electrodes 2 and 3 are equipped with electric clamping action (not shown).

Capacity 1 with gel and electric pickups are shielded to prevent distortion of the measurement results by an external electromagnetic background. The measurement process is thermostatically controlled (T = 303 K).

The electrodes 2 and 3 are connected through electric strippers with an electronic recording device 5.

The electronic recording device 5 is, for example, a ZETLab modular measuring system containing a ZET410 amplifier with a ZET 210 measuring unit. The modular measuring system is a universal hardware-software device for use with a standard USB bus designed for building multi-channel measuring input, output and processing systems digital information as part of personal IBM - compatible computers.

After placing the prepared gel in a container 1, the potential difference between the electrodes is measured 5 times per second for 5-8 hours every day for 70-90 days.

The electrodes 2 and 3 are connected to the unit of the ZETLab 5 modular measuring system through the ZET410 measuring amplifier, made on the INA118 instrument amplifier. The INA118 instrument amplifier with its inputs (inverting and non-inverting) is connected to the terminals of electrodes 2 and 3 through shielded loops. The amplifier has a set gain factor of Ku 50. A 1.02 kΩ ± 0.1% mounting resistor is fixed to the amplifier clamps to match the measuring voltage range of the channel of the ZETLab 5 measuring system unit with the voltage at the terminals of electrodes 2 and 3. To convert spontaneous electrical nanocurrent to voltage at the inputs of the amplifier (between the inverting and non-inverting inputs) a measuring resistor of 100 kOhm ± 0.1% is installed. A measuring resistor allows the nanocurrent generated by the oxyhydrate gel to be recorded.

The gel current of oxyhydrate I causes a voltage drop of U1 = I * 10 ⁵ V at the measuring resistor of 100 kOhm. The voltage at the measuring resistor U1 is amplified by a measuring amplifier with a gain of Ku = 50. The outputs of the amplifier are connected to the input of the ZETLab measuring module, which registers the direct voltage U = Ku * U1 = I * 50 * 10 ⁵ V. The voltage U at the amplifier output is proportional to the gel current oxyhydrate with a coefficient of 5 * 10 ⁶ .

Thus, between the emerging nanocurrent I and the measured voltage U, the ratio is established:

I = 0.2 * 10 ^-6 * U, where U is the recording voltage (voltage at the amplifier output, V), I is the nanocurrent that appears in the gel (A).

The formula for the ratio of the gel current in microamps and the measured output voltage U in volts:

I (μA) = 0.2 * U (B) or I (μA) = U / 5 (B).

This means that 1 V at the amplifier output corresponds to a gel current of 200 nA.

The obtained values of the electric current arising between the electrodes are small and range from 5 - 10 nA to 0.5 μA, the voltage potential corresponding to the current reaches 0.2 V. The amplitude of the measured current does not depend on the duration of the measurements, and can be equal to 5 nA on the first day of the study, and 0.1 μA on the sixtieth day of the study. In this case, one-time strong current pulsations can occur, reaching a value of 0.2 μA at the background level of 5 nA.

Thus, the dynamics regime that arises in a colloidal system left to itself for a long time becomes independent of the initial state. One of the important issues in the modeling of such systems is the determination of the set of points in the phase space of a dissipative system — an attractor.

As a result of a large number of measurements over a long period of time, it was found that these voltage and current values in the gels of oxyhydrates of d- and f-elements are stored for several months.

Obtained as a result of the measurements, the pulsation data of the electric nanocurrent over time is loaded into a mathematical program, for example, MathLab, and the obtained values are filtered, for example, using the fast Fourier transform with the construction of the Schuster periodogram. As a result of filtration, the values of the nanocurrent are excluded whose probability is extremely low according to the statistical criterion.

The reconstruction of the attractor after the statistical filter allows us to establish a number of important characteristics of the attractor: it has a significant Hurst indicator, that is, it is statistically stable, its correlation dimension varies quite weakly and ranges from 2.0-3.0. This allows us to estimate the dimension of the attractor itself as a value that varies in the range from 3 to 12. These values have a certain applied value: the correlation dimension characterizes the nature of the dispersed medium (in tin it is from 2 to 3, in iron it reaches 5.5), and allow us to draw conclusions about the behavior of the colloid in time.

Using the filtered values of the pulsations of the electric nanocurrent, phase portraits of attractors of the dynamic oxyhydrate system of d- and f-elements are constructed. The construction of phase portraits is carried out in the mathematical program MathLab in three-dimensional form, on one scale indicate the current value at the current time, on the second scale - the current value at the next time. In the phase portrait, some parts of the spectra of current pulsations are magnified pointwise, revealing a caustic or electro-acoustic hologram of the oxyhydrate gel. They analyze holograms on attractor albums.

The figure 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 presents the obtained electroacoustic holograms of the iron (III) oxyhydrate gel on different days of the study.

The figure 7 presents the obtained electro-acoustic holograms of a gel of aluminum oxyhydrate on different days of the study.

In figures 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, the obtained electroacoustic holograms of the yttrium oxyhydrate gel on different days of the study are presented.

The resulting holograms are dynamic because they capture in real time all changes in the position and shape of the object in the volume of a nonlinear optical medium.

An electro-acoustic hologram is a visual image of fragments of structures of water clusters of gels of oxyhydrates of d- and f- elements having a certain ordering, crystallinity. Big dots on the hologram are the clusters of water. The surface of water clusters is elastic and oscillates under the influence of electromagnetic (current) changes.

The arrangement of water clusters is due to the motion of the vibrational surface of the clusters.

Stochastic nonequilibrium dissociatively disproportionate jerky (relatively low-temperature) phenomena constantly occur in the oxyhydrate gel of d- and f-elements with the release of third cluster (mainly nanocluster) particles into the dispersion phase, which are responsible for energy dissipation in a nonequilibrium oxyhydrate system. Cleavage of individual gel particles, which usually carry a charge, or their attachment to large fragments of macromolecules, from which they were previously split off, initiate periodic periodic pulsations. The split off third charged gel clusters move in space under the influence of stochastic electric fields in a fairly narrow space. They are recorded by adding graphite electrodes to the gel.

On the hologram, water clusters are connected by bridges - this is the dissipation (destruction) of cluster water objects.

In the analysis of holograms, various types of structures were found containing hydrated water, up to fulleroid-like. These types of water change over time, forming new multifaceted cluster formations. The interaction of electric fields with these faces of cluster formations contributes to the formation of an electro-acoustic echo on traveling waves. This happens as follows.

с электрическим полем второго импульса с частотой

или

. В то время как этот пакет колебаний взаимодействует с электрическим полем второго импульса, рождается новый, обращенный электрокаустический пакет колебаний с частотой, равной частоте первоначального пакета колебаний и распространяется в противоположном направлении. Этот электрокаустический пакет колебаний рождают пульсирующие водные кластера геля оксигидрата, то есть рождаются так называемые обращенные волны. Этот новый волновой пакет в обратном порядке испытывает упругое рассеяние на дефектах многогранного оксигидратного кластера воды, соответственно дифракционному расширению первого пакета колебаний он претерпевает дифракционное сужение, в результате чего возникшая в первом пакете колебаний некогерентность в обращенном пакете колебаний компенсируется через такой же интервал времени

, который был между подачей первого и второго токовых импульсов. Таким образом, в момент времени

происходит возрождение когерентности колебаний и рост амплитуды обращенного пакета колебаний. Амплитуда обращенного пакета колебаний становится максимальной.The first current pulse excites a packet of oscillations that propagate through a gel-watered cluster medium; over time, the oscillations phase out, that is, become incoherent. As a result, a nonlinear interaction of this package of oscillations with previously generated electro-caustic waves with a frequency

with the electric field of the second pulse with a frequency

or

. While this packet of vibrations interacts with the electric field of the second pulse, a new, reversed electro-caustic packet of vibrations is generated with a frequency equal to the frequency of the initial packet of vibrations and propagates in the opposite direction. This electro-caustic package of vibrations gives rise to pulsating water clusters of the oxyhydrate gel, that is, so-called reversed waves are generated. This new wave packet in the opposite order experiences elastic scattering on defects of a multifaceted oxyhydrate water cluster; accordingly, it undergoes diffraction narrowing according to the diffraction expansion of the first vibration packet, as a result of which the incoherence in the first vibration packet in the reversed vibration packet is compensated after the same time interval

, which was between the supply of the first and second current pulses. Thus, at time

there is a revival of the coherence of oscillations and an increase in the amplitude of the inverted oscillation packet. The amplitude of the inverted oscillation packet becomes maximum.

после подачи импульсов в моменты времени

.There is also a three-pulse electro-acoustic echo and associated memory. It is detected at a time

after applying pulses at times

.

A three-pulse echo at sufficiently short time intervals between current pulses is similar to a two-pulse echo. At the moments of coincidence of the phases of the acoustic waves, and, consequently, of the electric fields accompanying them, the average electric field is already nonzero, which manifests itself as a high electric field pulse or an echo signal in the form of elongated bursts. That is, the interaction of electro-caustic oscillations with a pulsating multifaceted cluster of hydrated water gives rise to secondary electromagnetic fields (oscillations).

By conducting a large number of measurements, it was found that the time interval between pulses of electric nanocurrent (ripple) is 51.2 seconds. In reality, the process in the gel, although randomly, proceeds very smoothly, sharp changes in current are extremely rare, a slowly changing random process with a decrease in current pulses in time is observed.

An important feature of the electro-acoustic three-pulse echo is the long-term memory, that is, the observation of a three-pulse echo signal when a third pulse is applied after attenuation of acoustic oscillations excited by the first and second pulses. Long-term memory, which exists much longer (months or more) than electro-caustic oscillations excited by pulses, is associated with the appearance (as a result of the interaction of a pair of electric pulses with a water cluster) of a certain stationary state that remains after the electro-caustic oscillations decay and carries information about the amplitudes in phases creating his impulses. This stationary state is an electro-acoustic hologram.

As a result of the measurements, the colloid-chemical evolution of the pulsations of the electric nanocurrent of the gel of iron oxyhydrate during three months of aging was studied. During evolution, the gel of iron oxyhydrate undergoes a number of structural transformations, causing a change in the intensity of the charged cluster flows acting in the oxyhydrate. Moreover, the nature of their manifestation often changes according to the characteristics of the change in spontaneous pulsating nanocurrent over time.

The appearance of spontaneous nanocurrent is due to bifurcation phenomena of the destruction of nanocluster orbits of vibrational motion. The creation of attractor albums of periodic motion in oxyhydrate gels of d- and f-elements makes it possible to analyze the nature of colloidal bifurcations in the experimental system, that is, ultimately the mechanism of colloidal chemical reactions. In a multidimensional space of parameters of an oxyhydrate system, certain sets of points, lines, and even surfaces can correspond to bifurcation moments. Thus, tracking bifurcation moments is an important method for studying the structure of periodic colloidal systems.

Currently, a study is conducted of the obtained holograms that give an idea of the organization of the gel structure of the oxyhydrates of d- and f-elements, which are nanocurrent ferroelectrics based on oxyhydrate systems.

The proposed device for detecting nanocurrent pulsating ferroelectric manifestations of gels of oxyhydrates of d- and f- elements can be produced in domestic industry using well-known equipment, materials and technologies.

Claims (9)

1. A method for studying nanocurrent ferroelectric manifestations of d- and f-element oxyhydrates gels, characterized by preparing a d- and f-element oxyhydrate gel by synthesizing them from d- and f-element oxychloride salts by adding sodium hydroxide or ammonia solution, placing the finished gel in the device for detecting nanocurrent pulsating ferroelectric manifestations of d- and f-element oxyhydrates gels, which is a container containing a lower graphite electrode into which an upper column is installed vertically with a gap afit electrode, while one of the electrodes rotates at a constant speed of 0.5 rpm, measuring the voltage between the electrodes for 5-8 hours every day for 70-90 days, filtering the measurement results, converting the voltage between the electrodes into a ripple current according to the formula I = 0.2 * 10 ^-6 * U, by constructing phase portraits of attractors in a mathematical program, by pinpointing the sections of the spectra of current pulsations on phase portraits of attractors with the opening of caustics or electroacoustic holograms, studying the structure of a hologram. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the phase portrait of the attractors is a three-dimensional system of current values at the current time and current values at the next time. 3. Device for detecting nanocurrent pulsating ferroelectric manifestations of gels of oxyhydrates of d- and f-elements, containing a container with two graphite electrodes connected to each other through an electronic recording device, characterized in that the container is made in the form of a glass containing a lower electrode, in which the upper electrode is vertically mounted with a gap, while one of the electrodes rotates at a constant speed of 0.5 rpm, the electrodes are connected to an electronic recording device through an amplifier The voltage is measured between the electrodes, the capacitance is shielded from the influence of an external electromagnetic background. 4. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the container is made of a polymeric material. 5. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the capacitance performs the function of the lower electrode and is made of graphite. 6. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the rotation of the electrode is carried out by means of a low-power electric drive. 7. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the gap is made between the walls and the bottom of the tank and the upper electrode.

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