RU2678076C1 - Method and device for controlling amount of ammonia injected in system for desulfurization and denitrification with activated carbon - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in a system for desulfurization and denitrification with activated carbon. Method includes obtaining data on the state of flue gases at the inlet, data on the state of flue gases at the exit, the flow rate at the corrected temperature and pressure of the flue gases at the inlet and the flow rate of ammonia diluted with air, calculating the first corrected amount of injected ammonia by applying a predefined first calculation model and calculating the first target amount of injected ammonia corresponding to the first corrected amount of injected ammonia, by applying a predetermined second computational model.EFFECT: technical result consists in the development of a method and device for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in a system for desulfurization and denitrification with activated carbon, which have a high degree of automation and are more flexible and convenient, as well as in obtaining injected ammonia in an economical way.16 cl, 3 dwg, 5 ex

Description

[0001] This application claims priority on Chinese Patent Application No. 201610641484.7, entitled "METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING AMMONIA INJECTION AMOUNT OF ACTIVATED CARBON DESULFURIZATION AND DENITRIFICATION SYSTEM", which is registered in the Intellectual Property Office of China on August 8, 2016, which is incorporated in this document by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

[0002] This invention relates to the technical field of regulation and, in particular, to a method and apparatus for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in an activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] SO ₂ and NOX (nitric oxide) in the flue gases generated during the sintering process comprise the bulk of the total emissions from metallurgical enterprises. In this case, in order to meet national emission standards for SO ₂ and NOX in flue gases, desulfurization and denitrification must be performed for flue gases generated during sintering. It is desirable to adapt the devices and processes of desulfurization and denitrification, including adsorption columns with activated carbon and degassing columns, for flue gases formed by an agglomeration machine in the metallurgical industry.

[0004] An activated carbon adsorption column is used to adsorb pollutants in flue gases generated during sintering, including sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and dioxins, while the degassing column is used for thermal regeneration of activated carbon. The activated carbon desulfurization method is a promising flue gas purification method due to its advantages of a high degree of desulfurization and at the same time achieving denitrification, dioxin removal and dust removal without generating waste water and residual waste. Typically, a certain amount of ammonia is injected into the adsorption column, with the result that ammonia and nitrogen oxides react at a certain temperature to form nitrogen and water, whereby denitrification is performed. A suitable amount of injected ammonia should be selected in order to achieve the target denitrification value in the system, and injection of excess ammonia leading to the release of ammonia in the flue gas outlet duct should be avoided, which, accordingly, does not meet the state environmental standard. Therefore, it is desirable to correctly control the amount of injected ammonia in the system.

[0005] In conventional technologies, typically, the amount of injected ammonia (in the activated carbon desulphurization and denitrification system) is manually controlled by operators based on their experience. Namely, the operators manually adjust the target amount of injected ammonia several times until the effect of desulfurization and denitrification is achieved. This method has low reliability because it is difficult to obtain the optimal amount of injected ammonia for the system in order to achieve the desired effect of desulfurization and denitrification. Namely, injection of excess ammonia can cause excessive consumption of ammonia and increase operating costs, even causing secondary pollution, since ammonia is released into the air; and the desired effect of desulfurization and denitrification cannot be achieved with insufficient ammonia.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] In connection with the foregoing, a method and apparatus for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in an activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system are provided in accordance with this invention, with the result that the desired amount of injected ammonia can be applied to achieve the effect of desulfurization and denitrification that meets the requirements (state environmental standard), and the operating costs of the enterprise are saved.

[0007] In order to achieve the above objectives, the following technical solutions are provided in accordance with this invention.

[0008] A method for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in an activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system includes:

obtaining data on the state of the flue gas at the inlet, data on the state of the flue gas at the outlet, the flow rate at the adjusted temperature and pressure of the flue gas at the inlet, and the flow rate of ammonia diluted with air, where the data on the state of the flue gas at the inlet include SO ₂ concentration, NOX concentration and flue gas inlet humidity and flue gas outlet data include the concentration of SO ₂ in the flue gas at the outlet;

calculating the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia by applying a predefined first calculation model based on data on the condition of the flue gases at the inlet, data on the state of the flue gases at the outlet, the flow rate at the adjusted temperature and pressure of the flue gases at the inlet, the flow rate of ammonia diluted with air, and predefined parameters, where the predefined parameters include the denitrification target, the target ammonia leak into the flue gas output ah, correction coefficient for NH ₃ , correction coefficient for the first target amount of injected ammonia and the number of adsorption columns; and

calculating a first target amount of injected ammonia corresponding to the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia by applying a predetermined second calculation model.

[0009] Preferably, the method may further include:

calculating the difference between the first target amount of injected ammonia and the actual amount of injected ammonia and adjusting the degree of opening of the valve for controlling the flow of ammonia based on this difference until the difference is less than a predetermined threshold value, where the actual amount of injected ammonia is determined by the flow meter for ammonia.

[0010] Preferably, the calculation of the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia by applying a predefined first calculation model based on data on the condition of the flue gases at the inlet, data on the state of the flue gases at the outlet, the flow rate at the corrected temperature and pressure of the flue gases at the inlet, flow rate ammonia diluted with air and predefined parameters may include:

the calculation of the volume per hour of NOX at the input in accordance with the first formula, this first formula is

NOX _in = F11 × Humidity × NOX11

where NOX _in represents the volume per hour of NOX inlet, F11 represents the flow rate at the corrected temperature and pressure of the flue gas inlet, Humidity represents the humidity of the flue gas inlet, and NOX11 represents the concentration of NOX in the flue gas inlet;

calculation of the exhaust gas flow rate in accordance with the second formula, this second formula is

where OFF_GAS represents the flow rate of ammonia diluted with air, and F12 represents the flow rate of flue gases at the outlet;

calculation of the volume per hour of SO ₂ at the input in accordance with the third formula, this third formula is

SO _2in = F11 × Humidity × SO ₂ 11

where SO _2in represents the volume per hour of SO ₂ inlet, and SO ₂ 11 represents the concentration of SO ₂ in the flue gas inlet;

the calculation of the volume per hour of SO ₂ output in accordance with the fourth formula, this fourth formula is

SO _2out = F12 × Humidity × SO ₂ 12

where SO _2out represents the volume per hour of SO ₂ at the outlet, and SO ₂ 12 represents the concentration of SO ₂ in the flue gas at the outlet;

the calculation of the degree of desulfurization in the system for desulfurization and denitrification of activated carbon in accordance with the fifth formula, this fifth formula is

where SO _2eff represents the degree of desulfurization in the system for desulfurization and denitrification of activated carbon;

the calculation of the intermediate variable value of the injection of ammonia corresponding to SO ₂ in accordance with the sixth formula, and the calculation of the intermediate variable value of the injection of ammonia corresponding to NO 2 in accordance with the seventh formula, the sixth formula is

where NH _3SO2 represents an intermediate variable ammonia injection corresponding to SO ₂ , and NH ₃ _K represents a correction factor of NH ₃ to remove SO ₂ from the incoming flue gas,

and the seventh formula is

where NH _3NOX is an intermediate variable for ammonia injection corresponding to NOX, NOX _in represents the volume per hour of NOX inlet, and NOX_SV represents the target denitrification value; and

the calculation of the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia in accordance with the eighth formula, this eighth formula is

where NH _{3cal_corrected_value} is first corrected injection amount of ammonia and NH ₃ _L represents a target amount of leakage of ammonia in the flue gases at the outlet.

[0011] Preferably, the calculation of the first target amount of injected ammonia corresponding to the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia by applying a predefined second calculation model may include:

the calculation of the first target amount of injected ammonia corresponding to the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia in accordance with the ninth formula, this ninth formula is

where NH _{3cal_value} represents the first target amount of injected ammonia, which is the target amount of injected ammonia of one of the adsorption columns, the value NH _{3correct_value} includes the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia, K _NH3 represents the correction factor of the first target amount of injected ammonia, and n represents the number of adsorption columns.

[0012] Preferably, before calculating the first target amount of injected ammonia corresponding to the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia by applying a predetermined second calculation model, the method may further include:

determining whether the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia exceeds the first predetermined interval and whether each of the variables included in the predetermined first calculation model exceeds the second predetermined interval corresponding to this variable; and

updating the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia by the second adjusted amount of injected ammonia predefined by the user in the case when the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia exceeds the first predetermined interval and / or each of the variables included in the predefined first calculation model exceeds the second preliminarily the specified interval corresponding to this variable.

[0013] Preferably, before calculating the first target amount of injected ammonia corresponding to the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia by applying a predetermined second calculation model, the method may further include:

obtaining a third adjusted amount of injected ammonia entered by the user, and updating the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia by a third adjusted amount of injected ammonia.

[0014] Preferably, the method may further include:

determining whether the first target amount of injected ammonia exceeds a third predetermined interval and whether each of the variables included in a predetermined second calculation model exceeds a fourth predetermined interval corresponding to this variable; and

in the case when the first target amount of injected ammonia exceeds the third predefined interval, and / or each of the variables included in the predefined second calculation model exceeds the fourth predefined interval corresponding to this variable, the calculation of the second target amount of injected ammonia in accordance with the tenth formula and updating the first target amount of injected ammonia by means of the second target amount of injected ammonia, given ten the formula is

where NH _{3set_value_1} represents the second target amount of injected ammonia, K _p1 represents the correction coefficient of the second target amount of injected ammonia predefined by the user, NH _3NOX represents an intermediate variable of ammonia injection corresponding to NOX, and n represents the number of adsorption columns.

[0014] Preferably, the method may further include:

obtaining a correction factor of a third target amount of injected ammonia input by the user; and

calculating the third target amount of injected ammonia according to the eleventh formula and updating the first target amount of injected ammonia by the third target amount of injected ammonia, this eleventh formula is

where NH _{3set_value_2} represents the third target amount of injected ammonia, and K _p2 represents the correction factor of the third target amount of injected ammonia.

[0016] A device for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in an activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system includes:

the first data collection module, configured to receive data on the state of the flue gases at the inlet, data on the state of the flue gases at the outlet, the flow rate at the adjusted temperature and pressure of the flue gases at the inlet, and the flow rate of ammonia diluted with air, where the data on the state of the flue gases at the inlet includes SO ₂ concentration, NOX concentration, and flue gas humidity at the inlet, and flue gas outlet status data includes the SO ₂ concentration in flue gas at the outlet;

a first computing module configured to calculate the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia by applying a predefined first calculation model based on data on the state of the flue gases at the inlet, data on the state of the flue gases at the outlet, the flow rate at the corrected temperature and pressure of the flue gases at the inlet the flow rate of ammonia diluted with air and predefined parameters, where the predefined parameters include the target value of the day rifikatsii, the target amount of leakage of ammonia in the flue gases at the outlet, the correction factor for NH _3, the correction coefficient for the first desired amount of injected ammonia and the number of adsorption columns; and

a second computing module configured to calculate a first target amount of injected ammonia corresponding to the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia by applying a predefined second calculation model.

[0017] Preferably, the device may further include:

a control module configured to calculate the difference between the first target amount of injected ammonia and the actual amount of injected ammonia and adjust the degree of opening of the valve for controlling the flow of ammonia based on this difference until the difference is less than a predetermined threshold value, where the actual amount injected ammonia is determined by means of a flow meter for ammonia.

[0018] Preferably, the first computing module may include:

the first computing node configured to calculate the volume per hour of NOX input in accordance with the first formula, this first formula is

NOX _in = F11 × Humidity × NOX11

where NOX _in represents the volume per hour of NOX inlet, F11 represents the flow rate at the corrected temperature and pressure of the flue gas inlet, Humidity represents the humidity of the flue gas inlet, and NOX11 represents the concentration of NOX in the flue gas inlet;

the second computing node configured to calculate the flue gas flow rate at the outlet in accordance with the second formula, this second formula is

where OFF_GAS represents the flow rate of ammonia diluted with air, and F12 represents the flow rate of flue gases at the outlet;

the third computing node, configured to calculate the volume per hour of SO ₂ at the input in accordance with the third formula, this third formula is

SO _2in = F11 × Humidity × SO ₂ 11

where SO _2in represents the volume per hour of SO ₂ inlet, and SO ₂ 11 represents the concentration of SO ₂ in the flue gas inlet;

the fourth computing node, configured to calculate the volume per hour of SO ₂ output in accordance with the fourth formula, this fourth formula is

SO _2out = F12 × Humidity × SO ₂ 12

where SO _2out represents the volume per hour of SO ₂ at the outlet, and SO ₂ 12 represents the concentration of SO ₂ in the flue gas at the outlet;

a fifth computing node configured to calculate the degree of desulfurization in the activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system in accordance with the fifth formula, this fifth formula is

where SO _2eff represents the degree of desulfurization in the system for desulfurization and denitrification of activated carbon;

a sixth computing unit configured to calculate an intermediate variable ammonia injection corresponding to SO ₂ in accordance with the sixth formula, this sixth formula is

where NH ₃ SO ₂ is an intermediate variable for ammonia injection corresponding to SO ₂ and NH ₃ _K is a correction factor of NH ₃ for removing SO ₂ from the incoming flue gas;

a seventh computing node configured to calculate an intermediate variable variable ammonia injection corresponding to NOX in accordance with the seventh formula, this seventh formula is

where NH _3NOX is an intermediate variable for ammonia injection corresponding to NOX, NOX _in represents the volume per hour of NOX inlet, and NOX_SV represents the target denitrification value; and

an eighth computing unit configured to calculate the first corrected amount of injected ammonia according to the eighth formula, this eighth formula is

where NH _{3cal_corrected_value} is first corrected injection amount of ammonia and NH ₃ _L represents a target amount of leakage of ammonia in the flue gases at the outlet.

[0019] Preferably, the second computing module may include:

a ninth computing unit configured to calculate a first target amount of injected ammonia corresponding to a first adjusted amount of injected ammonia according to a ninth formula, this ninth formula is

where NH _{3cal_value} represents the first target amount of injected ammonia, which is the target amount of injected ammonia of one of the adsorption columns, the value NH _{3correct_value} includes the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia, K _NH3 represents the correction factor of the first target amount of injected ammonia, and n represents the number of adsorption columns.

[0020] Preferably, the device may further include:

a first update module configured to determine whether the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia exceeds the first predetermined interval and whether each of the variables included in the predetermined first calculation model exceeds the second predetermined interval corresponding to this variable; and update the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia by the second adjusted amount of injected ammonia predefined by the user in the case where the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia exceeds the first predetermined interval and / or each of the variables included in the predefined first calculation model exceeds the second a predefined interval corresponding to this variable.

[0021] Preferably, the device may further include:

a second update module configured to obtain a third corrected amount of injected ammonia entered by the user and update the first corrected amount of injected ammonia by a third corrected amount of injected ammonia.

[0022] Preferably, the device may further include:

a third update module, configured to determine whether the first target amount of injected ammonia exceeds the third predetermined interval and whether each of the variables included in the predetermined second calculation model exceeds the fourth predetermined interval corresponding to this variable; and in the case when the first target amount of injected ammonia exceeds a third predetermined interval, and / or each of the variables included in the predefined second calculation model exceeds the fourth predetermined interval corresponding to this variable, calculate the second target amount of injected ammonia in accordance with the tenth formula and update the first target amount of injected ammonia by the second target amount of injected ammonia given the tenth form Ula is

where NH _{3set_value_1} represents the second target amount of injected ammonia, K _p1 represents the correction coefficient of the second target amount of injected ammonia predefined by the user, NH _3NOX represents an intermediate variable of ammonia injection corresponding to NOX, and n represents the number of adsorption columns.

[0023] Preferably, the device may further include:

a fourth update module configured to obtain a correction factor of a third target amount of injected ammonia input by the user; and calculate the third target amount of injected ammonia in accordance with the eleventh formula and update the first target amount of injected ammonia by the third target amount of injected ammonia, this eleventh formula is

where NH _{3set_value_2} represents the third target amount of injected ammonia, and K _p2 represents the correction factor of the third target amount of injected ammonia.

[0024] From the above technical solutions, it can be seen that, in comparison with conventional technologies, a method and apparatus for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in an activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system are provided in accordance with this invention. In the technical solutions in accordance with this invention, the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia is calculated by applying a predefined first calculation model based on the data on the state of the flue gases at the inlet (including SO2 concentration, NOX concentration and flue gas humidity at the inlet), state data flue gas at the outlet (including the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas at the outlet), the flow rate at the adjusted temperature and pressure of the flue gas inlet, the flow rate of ammonia, pa bavlennogo air, and predetermined parameters (including target value denitrification target amount of leakage of ammonia in the flue gases at the outlet, the correction coefficient NH _3, the correction coefficient of the first target amount of injected ammonia and the number of adsorption columns). Then, the first target amount of injected ammonia corresponding to the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia is calculated by applying a predefined second calculation model, with the result that the first target amount of injected ammonia corresponds to the current state in the activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system. Namely, the first target amount of injected ammonia is calculated based on current flue gas data (data on the state of flue gases at the inlet, data on the state of the flue gases at the outlet, the flow rate at the adjusted temperature and pressure of the flue gases at the inlet, the flow rate of ammonia diluted with air , and predefined parameters) in the system for desulfurization and denitrification with activated carbon, and this is much more accurate than the target amount of injected ammonia, which is set manually by on-site operators based on experience with conventional technologies. In this case, there is no need for the operator to manually modify the target amount of injected ammonia based on experience several times. Therefore, by means of technical solutions in accordance with this invention, the desired amount of injected ammonia can be applied, thereby obtaining the effect of desulfurization and denitrification that meets the requirements (state standard for environmental protection). In addition, the injection of excess ammonia is eliminated, whereby production costs are effectively saved.

[0025] In addition, the method and apparatus for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in the activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system of the present invention has a high degree of automation and is more flexible and convenient since there is no need for operators to repeatedly adjust the target amount of injected ammonia.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The drawings used in the description of embodiments of the present invention or conventional technologies are described briefly as follows, so that technical solutions in accordance with embodiments of the present invention or in accordance with conventional technologies become clearer. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only illustrative embodiments of the present invention. Specialists in this field of technology based on these drawings can be obtained other drawings without any creative activity.

[0027] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system for desulfurization and denitrification of activated carbon in accordance with conventional technologies;

[0028] FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in an activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and

[0029] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an apparatus for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in an activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0030] Technical solutions in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention are described in a clear and complete manner in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention later in this document. Obviously, of the described embodiments, only a few, but not all, are embodiments of the present invention. Any other embodiments obtained on the basis of embodiments of the present invention by specialists in the art without any creative activity are included in the scope of legal protection of this invention.

[0031] In order to make the above objectives, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0032] An initially briefly presented system for desulfurization and denitrification of activated carbon in accordance with conventional technologies, before technical solutions are illustrated in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] Reference is made to FIG. 1, which is a block diagram of a system for desulfurization and denitrification of activated carbon in accordance with conventional technologies; As shown in FIG. 1, the activated carbon process stream is initially introduced and then the injected ammonia process stream is introduced.

[0034] (1) Introduction of the activated carbon process stream

[0035] As shown in FIG. 1, the activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system is a multiple adsorption tower system. After the dust removal process is performed for the flue gases formed during sintering, the flue gases are compressed by an auxiliary fan and then transferred to the adsorption columns A, B, C and D. SO ₂ in the flue gas is adsorbed with activated carbon and catalytically oxidized to H ₂ SO ₄ in an adsorption column. At the same time, nitrogen oxides react with injected ammonia in an adsorption column to form ammonium nitrate, and nitrogen oxides and ammonia react with each other to form nitrogen and water. Sulfuric acid and ammonium nitrate produced during the reactions are adsorbed by activated carbon. Saturated activated carbon is discharged into the hopper of the M02 conveyor for activated carbon by means of a material discharge roller and a star slag discharge valve, and then the material is transferred to the TO2 degassing column by a M02 conveyor.

[0036] Nitrogen is heated to 450 degrees Celsius with a CO2 fan for circulating hot air and an EO2 heater and then transferred to a degassing tower to directly heat saturated carbon. Heated activated carbon releases SO ₂ at a high concentration. High concentration SO ₂ enriched gas is transferred to the sulfuric acid production system via a pipeline, and a high concentration sulfuric acid product can be manufactured. Activated carbon, heated and freed from light components, is discharged onto the activated carbon vibrating sieve V02 by means of a star slag valve 102C. Coarse activated carbon is screened by means of a V02 vibrating screen and discharged into the 1 M01 activated carbon conveyor. The coarse activated carbon is introduced again into the adsorption columns A, B, C and D via the 1 M01 conveyor for reuse, while the fine activated carbon and dust are discharged into the activated carbon recovery tank V03.

[0037] As shown in FIG. 1, parameters, such as the content of SO ₂ , NOX, dust and oxygen, for both the source flue gas and the purified flue gas (flue gas at the outlet that has been desulfurized and denitrified by an adsorption tower) are determined by a continuous emission monitoring system ( CEMS).

[0038] (2) Introduction of a process flow of injected ammonia

[0039] In order to achieve the effect of denitrification by means of an activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system, a certain amount of ammonia must be injected into the adsorption column, and ammonia and nitrogen oxides react with each other to form nitrogen and water. As shown in FIG. 1, the ammonia tank valve is initially opened, the amount of injected ammonia is controlled by the FCV valve to control the flow of ammonia. Ammonia flow can be displayed in real time through the FIT flow meter for ammonia at a specific location and in the control center. Ammonia is mixed with hot air that is blown from the fan to dilute ammonia with an “ammonia mixer”, with the result that the NH ₃ concentration is lower than the lower explosive concentration limit. Diluted ammonia is transferred to the flue gases through the inlet of the adsorption tower and injected uniformly by means of ammonia injection nets.

[0040] A sufficient amount of air can be provided by means of a fan for diluting ammonia to dilute ammonia. Ammonia is diluted in order to: avoid accidents with an explosion caused by the ammonia concentration in the ammonia pipe exceeding a certain value, and completely mix ammonia with flue gases formed during sintering, so as to improve the denitrification rate.

[0041] More specifically, the chemical reactions of desulfurization and denitrification in an activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system are as follows.

I. Desulfurization Reaction

a. Chemical adsorption

SO ₂ + O ₂ → SO ₃

SO ₃ + nH ₂ O → H ₂ SO ₄ + (n-1) H ₂ O

b. Sulfate formation (via NH3 / SO2)

H ₂ SO ₄ + NH ₃ → NH ₄ HSO ₄

NH ₄ HSO ₄ + NH ₃ → (NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄

II. Denitrification reaction

NO + NH ₃ + 1 / 2O ₂ → N ₂ + 3 / 2H ₂ O

[0042] Hereinafter, technical solutions are described in detail in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

First Embodiment

[0043] Reference is made to FIG. 2, which is a flow diagram of a method for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in an activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. A method for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in an activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is used for a controller. Optionally, the controller may be a programmable logic controller (PLC). As shown in FIG. 2, the method includes steps S201-S203.

[0044] In step S201, data on the state of the flue gases at the inlet, data on the state of the flue gases at the outlet, the flow rate at the adjusted temperature and pressure of the flue gases at the inlet, and the flow rate of ammonia diluted with air are obtained.

[0045] Inlet flue gas condition data includes SO ₂ concentration, NOX concentration, and inlet flue gas humidity; and data on the state of the flue gas at the outlet includes the concentration of SO ₂ in the flue gas at the outlet.

[0046] The data on the state of the flue gas at the inlet and the data on the state of the flue gas at the outlet are obtained through a continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS). The flow rate at the corrected temperature and pressure of the flue gas inlet is determined by the flue gas flow meter at the inlet. The flow rate of ammonia diluted with air is determined by a flow meter of ammonia diluted with air.

[0047] In step S202, the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia is calculated by applying a predefined first calculation model based on data on the status of the flue gases at the inlet, data on the state of the flue gases at the outlet, the flow rate at the corrected temperature and pressure of the flue gases at the inlet , the consumption of ammonia diluted with air, and preset parameters.

[0048] The predetermined parameters include a denitrification target, an ammonia leak target in the flue gas, an NH ₃ correction coefficient, a correction coefficient of a first target amount of injected ammonia, and a number of adsorption columns (systems). Predefined parameters are set in advance by the user in the human machine interface (HMI) of the system.

[0049] Optionally, step S202 may include:

the calculation of the volume per hour of NOX at the input in accordance with the first formula, this first formula is

NOX _in = F11 × Humidity × NOX11 (one)

where NOX _in represents the volume per hour of NOX inlet, F11 represents the flow rate at the corrected temperature and pressure of the flue gas inlet, Humidity represents the humidity of the flue gas inlet, and NOX11 represents the concentration of NOX in the flue gas inlet;

calculation of the exhaust gas flow rate in accordance with the second formula, this second formula is

(2)

where OFF_GAS represents the flow rate of ammonia diluted with air, and F12 represents the flow rate of flue gases at the outlet;

calculation of the volume per hour of SO ₂ at the input in accordance with the third formula, this third formula is

SO _2in = F11 × Humidity × SO ₂ 11 (3)

where SO _2in represents the volume per hour of SO ₂ inlet, and SO ₂ 11 represents the concentration of SO ₂ in the flue gas inlet;

the calculation of the volume per hour of SO ₂ output in accordance with the fourth formula, this fourth formula is

SO _2out = F12 × Humidity × SO ₂ 12 (four)

where SO _2out represents the volume per hour of SO ₂ at the outlet, and SO ₂ 12 represents the concentration of SO ₂ in the flue gas at the outlet;

the calculation of the degree of desulfurization in the system for desulfurization and denitrification of activated carbon in accordance with the fifth formula, this fifth formula is

(5)

where SO _2eff represents the degree of desulfurization in the system for desulfurization and denitrification of activated carbon;

the calculation of the intermediate variable value of the injection of ammonia corresponding to SO ₂ in accordance with the sixth formula, and the calculation of the intermediate variable value of the injection of ammonia corresponding to NO 2 in accordance with the seventh formula, the sixth formula is

(6)

where NH ₃ SO ₂ is an intermediate variable for ammonia injection corresponding to SO ₂ and NH ₃ _K is a correction factor of NH ₃ for removing SO ₂ from the incoming flue gas;

and the seventh formula is

(7)

where NH _3NOX is an intermediate variable for ammonia injection corresponding to NOX, NOX _in represents the volume per hour of NOX inlet, and NOX_SV represents the target denitrification value; and

the calculation of the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia in accordance with the eighth formula, this eighth formula is

(8)

where NH _{3cal_corrected_value} is first corrected injection amount of ammonia and NH ₃ _L represents a target amount of leakage of ammonia in the flue gases at the outlet.

[0050] Namely, the predefined first calculation model is a calculation model including calculations performed using the above formulas (1) through (8).

[0051] In step S203, the first target amount of injected ammonia corresponding to the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia is calculated by applying a predefined second calculation model.

[0052] More specifically, step S203 includes:

the calculation of the first target amount of injected ammonia corresponding to the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia in accordance with the ninth formula, this ninth formula is

(9)

where NH _{3cal_value} represents the first target amount of injected ammonia, which is the target amount of injected ammonia of one of the adsorption columns, the value NH _{3correct_value} includes the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia, K _NH3 represents the correction factor of the first target amount of injected ammonia, and n represents the number of adsorption columns.

[0053] Namely, the predetermined second calculation model is a calculation model including a calculation performed using the above formula (9).

[0054] It should be noted that, in technical solutions in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the units of measurement of parameters are international units of measurement, ie basic units of measurement in the international system of units.

[0055] In the technical solutions in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia is calculated by applying a predefined first calculation model based on the data on the flue gas inlet (including SO2 concentration, NOX concentration and flue gas inlet humidity ), data on the state of the flue gases at the outlet (including the concentration of SO2 in the flue gases at the outlet), the flow rate at the correct temperature and pressure of the flue gases at the inlet, the flow rate of ammonia diluted with air, and predefined parameters (including the target denitrification value, the target value of the ammonia leak in the flue gas at the outlet, the correction factor NH ₃ , the correction coefficient of the first target amount of injected ammonia and the number of adsorption columns). Then, the first target amount of injected ammonia corresponding to the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia is calculated by applying a predefined second calculation model, with the result that the first target amount of injected ammonia corresponds to the current state in the activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system. Namely, the first target amount of injected ammonia is calculated based on current flue gas data (data on the state of flue gases at the inlet, data on the state of the flue gases at the outlet, the flow rate at the adjusted temperature and pressure of the flue gases at the inlet, the flow rate of ammonia diluted with air , and predefined parameters) in the system for desulfurization and denitrification with activated carbon, and this is much more accurate than the target amount of injected ammonia, which is set manually by on-site operators based on experience with conventional technologies. In this case, there is no need for the operator to manually modify the target amount of injected ammonia based on experience several times. Therefore, by means of technical solutions in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the desired amount of injected ammonia can be applied, thereby obtaining a desulfurization and denitrification effect that meets the requirements (state environmental standard). In addition, the injection of excess ammonia is eliminated, whereby production costs are effectively saved.

[0056] Furthermore, the technical solutions in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention have a high degree of automation and are more flexible and convenient since there is no need for operators to repeatedly adjust the target amount of injected ammonia.

Second Embodiment

[0057] Optionally, a method for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in an activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, before step S203, further includes:

determining whether the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia exceeds the first predetermined interval and whether each of the variables included in the predetermined first calculation model exceeds the second predetermined interval corresponding to this variable.

[0058] The first predefined interval is a numerical value interval predefined by the user, which indicates that the first corrected amount of injected ammonia satisfies the requirement. This interval of numerical values is the interval of the adjusted amounts of injected ammonia set by the user based on the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia, the interval of the amount of flue gases at the inlet, the intervals of the concentrations of flue gases at the inlet and outlet, etc. (which are calculated) when the system is functioning normally and achieves the desired effect of desulfurization and denitrification. Namely, each of the variables included in the predefined first calculation model corresponds to one second predefined interval, and the second predefined interval is the interval of the normal value of the variable.

[0059] If the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia exceeds the first predetermined interval, and / or each of the variables included in the predefined first calculation model exceeds the second predetermined interval corresponding to this variable, the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia is updated by the second adjusted amount injected ammonia, predefined by the user.

[0060] If the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia exceeds the first predetermined interval, and / or each of the variables included in the predefined first calculation model exceeds the second predetermined interval corresponding to this variable, this means that the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia is an abnormal value that does not meet the requirements and, accordingly, is inappropriate. In this case, the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia must be updated by the second adjusted amount of injected ammonia predefined by the user. It should be noted that, the second adjusted amount of injected ammonia is the preferred value within the first predetermined interval.

[0061] Therefore, in the technical solutions in accordance with this embodiment, as soon as it is found that the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia is abnormal, the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia can be modified in a timely manner into a second adjusted amount of injected ammonia that satisfies the requirement and is predefined by the user, and then subsequent calculation is performed. Thus, the abnormal first corrected amount of injected ammonia can be timely and automatically processed, thereby avoiding deviations in the first target amount of injected ammonia obtained in a subsequent calculation, and avoiding anomalies in the subsequent actual amount of injected ammonia.

Third Embodiment

[0062] Optionally, a method for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in an activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, before step S203, further includes:

obtaining a third adjusted amount of injected ammonia entered by the user, and updating the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia by a third adjusted amount of injected ammonia.

[0063] In the case where it is found that the actual amount of injected ammonia is abnormal after the technical solutions in accordance with the first or second embodiment of the present invention are completed, the user can enter a rational first adjusted amount of injected ammonia obtained previously in accordance with the technical the solution in the first embodiment of the present invention (namely, subsequent calculations are performed using the rational first adjusted amount of injected ammonia to obtain the desired actual amount of injected ammonia). The rational first corrected amount of injected ammonia is called the third corrected amount of injected ammonia in this embodiment. Subsequent calculations are performed by taking the third adjusted amount of injected ammonia as the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia, thereby processing the abnormal actual amount of injected ammonia in a timely manner by manual intervention.

Fourth Embodiment

[0064] Optionally, a method for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in an activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, before step S204, further includes:

determining whether the first target amount of injected ammonia exceeds the third predetermined interval and whether each of the variables included in the predetermined second calculation model exceeds the fourth predetermined interval corresponding to this variable.

[0065] The third predefined interval is a numerical value interval predefined by the user, which indicates that the first target amount of injected ammonia satisfies the requirement. Namely, each of the variables included in the predefined second calculation model corresponds to one fourth predefined interval, and the fourth predefined interval is the interval of the normal value of the variable.

[0066] If the first target amount of injected ammonia exceeds a third predetermined interval, and / or each of the variables included in the predefined second calculation model exceeds the fourth predetermined interval corresponding to this variable, then the second target amount of injected ammonia is calculated in accordance with the tenth formula and the first target amount of injected ammonia is updated by the second target amount of injected ammonia. The tenth formula is

(10)

where NH _{3set_value_1} represents the second target amount of injected ammonia, K _p1 represents the correction coefficient of the second target amount of injected ammonia predefined by the user, NH _3NOX represents an intermediate variable of ammonia injection corresponding to NOX, and n represents the number of adsorption columns.

[0067] Namely, K _{p1 is} set by the user based on the first target amount of injected ammonia obtained when the desired desulfurization and denitrification effect is achieved during the previous actual operation of the system.

[0068] If the first target amount of injected ammonia exceeds a third predefined interval, and / or each of the variables included in a predefined second calculation model exceeds the fourth predefined interval corresponding to this variable, this means that the first target amount of injected ammonia is an abnormal value that does not meet the requirements and, accordingly, is inappropriate. In this case, the second target amount of injected ammonia meeting the requirement (within the third predefined interval) must be calculated in accordance with the tenth formula together with the correction factor of the second target amount of injected ammonia predefined by the user. Then, the first target amount of injected ammonia is updated by the second target amount of injected ammonia that meets the requirements. Thus, the abnormal first target amount of injected ammonia is processed in a timely and automatic manner, thereby avoiding anomalies in the subsequent actual amount of injected ammonia.

Fifth Embodiment

[0069] Optionally, a method for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in an activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, before step S204, further includes:

obtaining a correction factor of a third target amount of injected ammonia input by the user; and

calculating the third target amount of injected ammonia according to the eleventh formula and updating the first target amount of injected ammonia by the third target amount of injected ammonia, this eleventh formula is

(eleven)

where NH _{3set_value_2} represents the third target amount of injected ammonia, and K _p2 represents the correction factor of the third target amount of injected ammonia.

[0070] If the actual amount of injected ammonia is still abnormal after performing the technical solution in accordance with any one of the above embodiments of the present invention, a correction factor of the third target amount of injected ammonia entered by the user can be obtained. The correction factor of the third target amount of injected ammonia is a value determined when the desired actual amount of injected ammonia is obtained by applying the technical solution in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention. Then the third target amount of injected ammonia is calculated directly in accordance with the formula (11). The abnormal first target amount of injected ammonia can be processed by taking the third target amount of injected ammonia as the first target amount of injected ammonia, thereby treating the abnormal actual amount of injected ammonia in a timely manner by manual intervention.

[0071] Optionally, the technical solution in accordance with any embodiment of the present invention further includes:

calculating the difference between the first target amount of injected ammonia and the actual amount of injected ammonia and adjusting the degree of opening of the valve for controlling the flow of ammonia based on the difference, until the difference is less than a predetermined threshold value.

[0072] The actual amount of injected ammonia is determined by means of a flow meter for ammonia.

[0073] Feedback control is provided by calculating the difference between the first target amount of injected ammonia and the actual amount of injected ammonia and adjusting the degree of opening of the valve to control the flow of ammonia based on this difference until the difference is less than a predetermined threshold value. In this case, compared with the open-loop control in conventional technologies, the amount of injected ammonia can be adjusted in a more precise way, and a more accurate and rational final amount of injected ammonia can be obtained.

[0074] In order to illustrate the technical solutions in accordance with this invention in more detail, a device for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in an activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system is provided in accordance with this invention corresponding to a method for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in a desulfurization system and activated carbon denitrification in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

[0075] Reference is made to FIG. 3, which is a block diagram of a device for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in an activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. This device is used for the controller. Optionally, the controller may be a programmable logic controller (PLC). As shown in FIG. 3, the apparatus includes a first data acquisition module 301, a first computing module 302, and a second computing module 303.

[0076] The first data collection module 301 is configured to receive data on the status of the flue gases at the inlet, data on the state of the flue gases at the outlet, the flow rate at the corrected temperature and pressure of the flue gases at the inlet, and the flow rate of ammonia diluted with air. Inlet flue gas data include SO ₂ concentration, NOX concentration, and flue gas inlet humidity, and flue gas outlet data include SO ₂ flue gas concentration in the outlet.

[0077] The first computing module 302 is configured to calculate a first corrected amount of injected ammonia by applying a predefined first calculation model based on data on the state of the flue gases at the inlet, data on the state of the flue gases at the outlet, the flow rate at the corrected temperature and pressure of the flue inlet gases, flow rate of ammonia diluted with air, and predefined parameters. Predefined parameters include the target denitrification value, the target value of the ammonia leak in the flue gas at the outlet, the correction coefficient NH ₃ , the correction coefficient of the first target amount of injected ammonia and the number of adsorption columns.

[0078] The second computing module 303 is configured to calculate a first target amount of injected ammonia corresponding to the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia by applying a predetermined second calculation model.

[0079] By means of a device for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in an activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system according to an embodiment of the present invention, a desired amount of injected ammonia can be applied, whereby a desulfurization and denitrification effect is obtained that meets the requirements of (State Environmental Protection Standard ) In addition, the injection of excess ammonia is eliminated, whereby production costs are effectively saved.

[0080] In addition, the apparatus for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in the activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system according to an embodiment of the present invention has a high degree of automation and is more flexible and convenient since there is no need for operators to repeatedly adjust the target amount of injected ammonia.

[0081] The first computing module 302 includes:

the first computing node configured to calculate the volume per hour of NOX input in accordance with the first formula, this first formula is

NOX _in = F11 × Humidity × NOX11 (one)

where NOX _in represents the volume per hour of NOX in the flue gas inlet, F11 represents the flow rate at the corrected temperature and pressure of the flue gas inlet, Humidity represents the humidity of the flue gas inlet, and NOX11 represents the concentration of NOX in the flue gas inlet;

the second computing node configured to calculate the flue gas flow rate at the outlet in accordance with the second formula, this second formula is

(2)

where OFF_GAS represents the flow rate of ammonia diluted with air, and F12 represents the flow rate of flue gases at the outlet;

the third computing node, configured to calculate the volume per hour of SO ₂ at the input in accordance with the third formula, this third formula is

SO _2in = F11 × Humidity × SO ₂ 11 (3)

where SO _2in represents the volume per hour of SO ₂ inlet, and SO ₂ 11 represents the concentration of SO ₂ in the flue gas inlet;

the fourth computing node, configured to calculate the volume per hour of SO ₂ output in accordance with the fourth formula, this fourth formula is

SO _2out = F12 × Humidity × SO ₂ 12 (four)

where SO _2out represents the volume per hour of SO ₂ at the outlet, and SO ₂ 12 represents the concentration of SO ₂ in the flue gas at the outlet;

a fifth computing node configured to calculate the degree of desulfurization in the activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system in accordance with the fifth formula; this fifth formula is

(5)

where SO _2eff represents the degree of desulfurization in the system for desulfurization and denitrification of activated carbon;

a sixth computing unit configured to calculate an intermediate variable ammonia injection corresponding to SO ₂ in accordance with the sixth formula, this sixth formula is

(6)

where NH ₃ SO ₂ is an intermediate variable for ammonia injection corresponding to SO ₂ and NH ₃ _K is a correction factor of NH ₃ for removing SO ₂ from the incoming flue gas;

a seventh computing node configured to calculate an intermediate variable variable ammonia injection corresponding to NOX in accordance with the seventh formula, this seventh formula is

(7)

where NH _3NOX is an intermediate variable for ammonia injection corresponding to NOX, NOX _in represents the volume per hour of NOX inlet, and NOX_SV represents the target denitrification value; and

an eighth computing unit configured to calculate the first corrected amount of injected ammonia according to the eighth formula, this eighth formula is

(8)

where NH _{3cal_corrected_value} is first corrected injection amount of ammonia and NH ₃ _L represents a target amount of leakage of ammonia in the flue gases at the outlet.

[0082] The second computing module 303 may include:

a ninth computing unit configured to calculate a first target amount of injected ammonia corresponding to a first adjusted amount of injected ammonia according to a ninth formula, this ninth formula is

(9)

where NH _{3cal_value} represents the first target amount of injected ammonia, which is the target amount of injected ammonia of one of the adsorption columns, the value NH _{3correct_value} includes the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia, K _NH3 represents the correction factor of the first target amount of injected ammonia, and n represents the number of adsorption columns.

[0083] Optionally, an apparatus for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in an activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention further includes:

a first update module configured to determine whether the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia exceeds the first predetermined interval and whether each of the variables included in the predetermined first calculation model exceeds the second predetermined interval corresponding to this variable; and update the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia by the second adjusted amount of injected ammonia predefined by the user if the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia exceeds the first predetermined interval and / or each of the variables included in the predefined first calculation model exceeds the second predetermined interval corresponding to this variable.

[0084] Optionally, an apparatus for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in an activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention further includes:

a second update module configured to obtain a third corrected amount of injected ammonia entered by the user and update the first corrected amount of injected ammonia by a third corrected amount of injected ammonia.

[0085] Optionally, an apparatus for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in an activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention further includes:

a third update module, configured to determine whether the first target amount of injected ammonia exceeds the third predetermined interval and whether each of the variables included in the predetermined second calculation model exceeds the fourth predetermined interval corresponding to this variable; and if the first target amount of injected ammonia exceeds a third predefined interval, and / or each of the variables included in the predefined second calculation model exceeds the fourth predetermined interval corresponding to this variable, calculate the second target amount of injected ammonia in accordance with the tenth formula and update the first target amount of injected ammonia with the second target amount of injected ammonia, given the tenth formula is tsya

(10)

where NH _{3set_value_1} represents the second target amount of injected ammonia, K _p1 represents the correction coefficient of the second target amount of injected ammonia predefined by the user, NH _3NOX represents an intermediate variable of ammonia injection corresponding to NOX, and n represents the number of adsorption columns.

[0086] Optionally, an apparatus for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in an activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention further includes:

a fourth update module configured to obtain a correction factor of a third target amount of injected ammonia input by the user; and calculate the third target amount of injected ammonia in accordance with the eleventh formula and update the first target amount of injected ammonia by the third target amount of injected ammonia, this eleventh formula is

(eleven)

where NH _{3set_value_2} represents the third target amount of injected ammonia, and K _p2 represents the correction factor of the third target amount of injected ammonia.

[0087] Optionally, an apparatus for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in an activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention further includes:

a control module configured to calculate the difference between the first target amount of injected ammonia and the actual amount of injected ammonia and adjust the degree of opening of the valve for controlling the flow of ammonia based on this difference until the difference is less than a predetermined threshold value, where the actual amount injected ammonia is determined by means of a flow meter for ammonia.

[0088] From the above technical solutions, it can be seen that, in comparison with conventional technologies, a method and apparatus for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in an activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system are provided in accordance with this invention. In the technical solutions in accordance with this invention, the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia is calculated by applying a predefined first calculation model based on the data on the state of the flue gases at the inlet (including SO2 concentration, NOX concentration and flue gas humidity at the inlet), state data flue gas at the outlet (including the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas at the outlet), the flow rate at the adjusted temperature and pressure of the flue gas inlet, the flow rate of ammonia, pa bavlennogo air, and predetermined parameters (including target value denitrification target amount of leakage of ammonia in the flue gases at the outlet, the correction coefficient NH _3, the correction coefficient of the first target amount of injected ammonia and the number of adsorption columns). Then, the first target amount of injected ammonia corresponding to the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia is calculated by applying a predetermined second calculation model, with the result that the first target amount of injected ammonia corresponds to the current state in the activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system. Namely, the first target amount of injected ammonia is calculated based on current flue gas data (data on the state of flue gases at the inlet, data on the state of the flue gases at the outlet, the flow rate at the adjusted temperature and pressure of the flue gases at the inlet, the flow rate of ammonia diluted with air , and predefined parameters) in the system for desulfurization and denitrification with activated carbon, and this is much more accurate than the target amount of injected ammonia, which is set manually by on-site operators based on experience with conventional technologies. In this case, there is no need for the operator to manually modify the target amount of injected ammonia based on experience several times. Therefore, by means of technical solutions in accordance with this invention, the desired amount of injected ammonia can be applied, thereby obtaining the effect of desulfurization and denitrification that meets the requirements (state standard for environmental protection). In addition, the injection of excess ammonia is eliminated, whereby production costs are effectively saved.

[0089] In addition, the method and apparatus for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in the activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system in accordance with this invention have a high degree of automation and are more flexible and convenient since there is no need for operators to repeatedly adjust the target amount of injected ammonia.

[0090] In conclusion, it should be further noted that the terms of the relationship, such as “first”, “second”, etc. used in this document only to distinguish one object or operation from one another, and not in order to require or imply that the actual ratio or order takes place between objects or operations. In addition, the terms “include,” “contain,” or any other variations are intended to be non-exclusive. Therefore, a process, method, item or device comprising several elements includes not only these elements, but also other elements that are not shown, or also include elements inherent in the process, method, item or device. Unless expressly limited otherwise, the wording “comprising (including) one ...” does not exclude the case when other similar elements may be present in a process, method, paragraph or device.

[0091] The embodiments in this description are described in stages, each highlighting differences from the others, and the same or similar parts among the embodiments may relate to each other. Since the device described in the embodiments corresponds to the method indicated therein, its description is relatively simple, and for significant features, links can be made to the description of the method.

[0092] The above description of embodiments makes it possible for those skilled in the art to implement or apply the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments are apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principle defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments described herein, but corresponds to the broadest scope, consistent with the principle, and the new features set forth herein.

Claims (97)

1. The method of controlling the amount of injected ammonia in the system for desulfurization and denitrification of activated carbon, including: obtaining data on the condition of the flue gases at the inlet, data on the state of the flue gases at the outlet, the flow rate at the adjusted temperature and pressure of the flue gases at the inlet, and the flow rate of ammonia diluted with air, where the data on the state of the flue gases at the inlet contain SO ₂ concentration, NOX concentration and the humidity of the flue gases at the inlet and the data on the state of the flue gases at the outlet contain the concentration of SO ₂ in the flue gases at the outlet; calculating the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia by applying a predefined first calculation model based on data on the condition of the flue gases at the inlet, data on the state of the flue gases at the outlet, the flow rate at the adjusted temperature and pressure of the flue gases at the inlet, the flow rate of ammonia diluted with air, and predefined parameters, where the predefined parameters contain the target value of denitrification, the target value of the leakage of ammonia into the flue gas output ah, correction coefficient for NH ₃ , correction coefficient for the first target amount of injected ammonia and the number of adsorption columns; and calculating a first target amount of injected ammonia corresponding to the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia by applying a predetermined second calculation model. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: calculating the difference between the first target amount of injected ammonia and the actual amount of injected ammonia and adjusting the degree of opening of the valve for controlling the flow of ammonia based on the difference, until the difference is less than a predetermined threshold value; where the actual amount of injected ammonia is determined by means of a flow meter for ammonia. 3. The method according to claim 1, where the calculation of the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia by applying a predefined first calculation model based on data on the condition of the flue gases at the inlet, data on the state of the flue gases at the outlet, the flow rate at the adjusted temperature and pressure of the flue gases at the inlet, the flow rate of ammonia diluted with air, and predefined parameters, includes: the calculation of the volume per hour of NOX inlet in accordance with the first formula, where the first formula is NOX _in = F11 × Humidity × NOX11, where NOX _in represents the volume per hour of NOX inlet, F11 represents the flow rate at the corrected temperature and pressure of the flue gas inlet, Humidity represents the humidity of the flue gas inlet, and NOX11 represents the concentration of NOX in the flue gas inlet; calculating the exhaust gas flow rate in accordance with the second formula, where the second formula is

, where OFF_GAS represents the flow rate of ammonia diluted with air, and F12 represents the flow rate of flue gases at the outlet; the calculation of the volume per hour of SO ₂ at the input in accordance with the third formula, where the third formula is SO _2in = F11 × Humidity × SO ₂ 11, where SO _2in represents the volume per hour of SO ₂ inlet, and SO ₂ 11 represents the concentration of SO ₂ in the flue gas inlet; the calculation of the volume per hour of SO ₂ output in accordance with the fourth formula, where the fourth formula is SO _2out = F12 × Humidity × SO ₂ 12, where SO _2out represents the volume per hour of SO ₂ at the outlet, and SO ₂ 12 represents the concentration of SO ₂ in the flue gas at the outlet; the calculation of the degree of desulfurization in the system for desulfurization and denitrification of activated carbon in accordance with the fifth formula, where the fifth formula is

, where SO _2eff represents the degree of desulfurization in the system for desulfurization and denitrification of activated carbon; calculating an intermediate variable of ammonia injection corresponding to SO ₂ in accordance with the sixth formula and calculating an intermediate variable of injection of ammonia corresponding to NOX in accordance with the seventh formula, where the sixth formula is

, where NH _3SO2 represents an intermediate variable ammonia injection corresponding to SO ₂ , and NH ₃ _K represents a correction factor of NH ₃ to remove SO ₂ from the incoming flue gas, and the seventh formula is

, where NH _3NOX is an intermediate variable for ammonia injection corresponding to NOX, NOX _in represents the volume per hour of NOX inlet, and NOX_SV represents the target denitrification value; and calculating the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia in accordance with the eighth formula, where the eighth formula is

, where NH _{3cal_corrected_value} is first corrected injection amount of ammonia and NH ₃ _L represents a target amount of leakage of ammonia in the flue gases at the outlet. 4. The method according to claim 1, where the calculation of the first target amount of injected ammonia corresponding to the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia by applying a predefined second calculation model includes: calculating the first target amount of injected ammonia corresponding to the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia in accordance with the ninth formula, where the ninth formula is

, where NH _{3cal_value} represents the first target amount of injected ammonia, which is the target amount of injected ammonia of one of the adsorption columns, the value NH _{3correct_value} includes the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia, K _NH3 represents the correction factor of the first target amount of injected ammonia, and n represents the number of adsorption columns. 5. The method according to claim 1, where before calculating the first target amount of injected ammonia corresponding to the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia, by applying a predefined second calculation model, the method further includes: determining whether the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia exceeds the first predetermined interval and whether each of the variables included in the predetermined first calculation model exceeds the second predetermined interval corresponding to this variable; and updating the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia by the second adjusted amount of injected ammonia predefined by the user in the case when the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia exceeds the first predetermined interval and / or each of the variables included in the predefined first calculation model exceeds the second preliminarily the specified interval corresponding to this variable. 6. The method according to claim 1 or 5, where before calculating the first target amount of injected ammonia corresponding to the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia, by applying a predefined second calculation model, the method further includes: obtaining a third adjusted amount of injected ammonia entered by the user, and updating the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia by a third adjusted amount of injected ammonia. 7. The method according to claim 1 or 5, further comprising: determining whether the first target amount of injected ammonia exceeds a third predetermined interval and whether each of the variables included in a predetermined second calculation model exceeds a fourth predetermined interval corresponding to this variable; and in the case when the first target amount of injected ammonia exceeds the third predefined interval, and / or each of the variables included in the predefined second calculation model exceeds the fourth predefined interval corresponding to this variable, the calculation of the second target amount of injected ammonia in accordance with the tenth formula and updating the first target amount of injected ammonia by means of a second target amount of injected ammonia, where the clear formula is

, where NH _{3set_value_1} represents the second target amount of injected ammonia, K _p1 represents the correction coefficient of the second target amount of injected ammonia predefined by the user, NH _3NOX represents an intermediate variable of ammonia injection corresponding to NOX, and n represents the number of adsorption columns. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: obtaining a correction factor of a third target amount of injected ammonia input by the user; and calculating a third target amount of injected ammonia in accordance with the eleventh formula and updating the first target amount of injected ammonia by a third target amount of injected ammonia, where this eleventh formula is

, where NH _{3set_value_2} represents the third target amount of injected ammonia, and K _p2 represents the correction factor of the third target amount of injected ammonia. 9. A device for controlling the amount of injected ammonia in the system for desulfurization and denitrification of activated carbon, containing: the first data collection module, configured to receive data on the state of the flue gases at the inlet, data on the state of the flue gases at the outlet, the flow rate at the adjusted temperature and pressure of the flue gases at the inlet, and the flow rate of ammonia diluted with air, where the data on the state of the flue gases at the inlet includes SO ₂ concentration, NOX concentration, and humidity for the flue gas inlet, and the flue gas state data at the outlet includes the SO ₂ concentration in the flue gas at the outlet; a first computing module configured to calculate the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia by applying a predefined first calculation model based on data on the state of the flue gases at the inlet, data on the state of the flue gases at the outlet, the flow rate at the corrected temperature and pressure of the flue gases at the inlet the flow rate of ammonia diluted with air and predefined parameters, where the predefined parameters include the target value of the day rifikatsii, the target amount of leakage of ammonia in the flue gases at the outlet, the correction factor for NH _3, the correction coefficient for the first desired amount of injected ammonia and the number of adsorption columns; and a second computing module configured to calculate a first target amount of injected ammonia corresponding to the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia by applying a predefined second calculation model. 10. The device according to claim 9, further comprising: a control module configured to calculate the difference between the first target amount of injected ammonia and the actual amount of injected ammonia and adjust the degree of opening of the valve for controlling the flow of ammonia based on this difference until the difference is less than a predetermined threshold value, where the actual amount injected ammonia is determined by means of a flow meter for ammonia. 11. The device according to claim 9, in which the first computing module contains: the first computing node configured to calculate the volume per hour of NOX input in accordance with the first formula, where the first formula is NOX _in = F11 × Humidity × NOX11, where NOX _in represents the volume per hour of NOX inlet, F11 represents the flow rate at the corrected temperature and pressure of the flue gas inlet, Humidity represents the humidity of the flue gas inlet, and NOX11 represents the concentration of NOX in the flue gas inlet; a second computing node configured to calculate an exhaust gas flow rate in accordance with a second formula, where the second formula is

, where OFF_GAS represents the flow rate of ammonia diluted with air, and F12 represents the flow rate of flue gases at the outlet; a third computing node configured to calculate the volume per hour of SO ₂ at the input in accordance with the third formula, where the third formula is SO _2in = F11 × Humidity × SO ₂ 11, where SO _2in represents the volume per hour of SO ₂ inlet, and SO ₂ 11 represents the concentration of SO ₂ in the flue gas inlet; the fourth computing node configured to calculate the volume per hour of SO ₂ output in accordance with the fourth formula, where the fourth formula is SO _2out = F12 × Humidity × SO ₂ 12, where SO _2out represents the volume per hour of SO ₂ at the outlet, and SO ₂ 12 represents the concentration of SO ₂ in the flue gas at the outlet; a fifth computing node configured to calculate the degree of desulfurization in the activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification system in accordance with the fifth formula, where the fifth formula is

, where SO _2eff represents the degree of desulfurization in the system for desulfurization and denitrification of activated carbon; a sixth computing unit configured to calculate an intermediate variable ammonia injection corresponding to SO ₂ in accordance with the sixth formula, where the sixth formula is

, where NH ₃ SO ₂ is an intermediate variable for ammonia injection corresponding to SO ₂ and NH ₃ _K is a correction factor of NH ₃ for removing SO ₂ from the incoming flue gas; a seventh computing node configured to calculate an intermediate variable value of ammonia injection corresponding to NOX in accordance with the seventh formula, where the seventh formula is

, where NH _3NOX is an intermediate variable for ammonia injection corresponding to NOX, NOX _in represents the volume per hour of NOX inlet, and NOX_SV represents the target denitrification value; and an eighth computing unit configured to calculate the first corrected amount of injected ammonia according to the eighth formula, where the eighth formula is

, where NH _{3cal_corrected_value} is first corrected injection amount of ammonia and NH ₃ _L represents a target amount of leakage of ammonia in the flue gases at the outlet. 12. The device according to claim 9, in which the second computing module contains: a ninth computing unit configured to calculate a first target amount of injected ammonia corresponding to a first adjusted amount of injected ammonia according to a ninth formula, where the ninth formula is

, where NH _{3cal_value} represents the first target amount of injected ammonia, which is the target amount of injected ammonia of one of the adsorption columns, the value NH _{3correct_value} includes the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia, K _NH3 represents the correction factor of the first target amount of injected ammonia, and n represents the number of adsorption columns. 13. The device according to claim 9, further comprising: a first update module configured to determine whether the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia exceeds the first predetermined interval and whether each of the variables included in the predetermined first calculation model exceeds the second predetermined interval corresponding to this variable; and update the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia by the second adjusted amount of injected ammonia predefined by the user in the case where the first adjusted amount of injected ammonia exceeds the first predetermined interval and / or each of the variables included in the predefined first calculation model exceeds the second a predefined interval corresponding to this variable. 14. The device according to claim 9 or 13, further comprising: a second update module configured to obtain a third corrected amount of injected ammonia entered by the user and update the first corrected amount of injected ammonia by a third corrected amount of injected ammonia. 15. The device according to claim 9 or 13, further comprising: a third update module, configured to determine whether the first target amount of injected ammonia exceeds the third predetermined interval and whether each of the variables included in the predetermined second calculation model exceeds the fourth predetermined interval corresponding to this variable; and in the case when the first target amount of injected ammonia exceeds a third predetermined interval, and / or each of the variables included in the predefined second calculation model exceeds the fourth predetermined interval corresponding to this variable, calculate the second target amount of injected ammonia in accordance with the tenth formula and update the first target amount of injected ammonia through the second target amount of injected ammonia, where the tenth formula th is

, where NH _{3set_value_1} represents the second target amount of injected ammonia, K _p1 represents the correction coefficient of the second target amount of injected ammonia predefined by the user, NH _3NOX represents an intermediate variable of ammonia injection corresponding to NOX, and n represents the number of adsorption columns. 16. The device according to claim 9, further comprising: a fourth update module configured to obtain a correction factor of a third target amount of injected ammonia input by the user; and calculate the third target amount of injected ammonia in accordance with the eleventh formula and update the first target amount of injected ammonia by the third target amount of injected ammonia, where the eleventh formula is

, where NH _{3set_value_2} represents the third target amount of injected ammonia, and K _p2 represents the correction factor of the third target amount of injected ammonia.

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