RU2677914C1 - Internal combustion turbo engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: turbines or turbomachines.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to rotary turbo engines. Combustion chamber passes into a conical working chamber, where the expanding gas, passing through it, contracts, picks up speed and, leaving a powerful, concentrated stream directed to the center of the blades, rotates the turbine and the engine shaft rigidly connected to it. Chambers uniformly installed in the zone of rotation of the turbine are filled with the combustible mixture under pressure created by the compressor, and then alternately opened by the turbine making a revolution with the simultaneous explosion of the combustible mixture. Thus, for one revolution of the turbine in the six-dimensional engine version, six working emissions occur, multiplying the engine's performance.EFFECT: invention is aimed at improving the efficiency of the engine.6 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, namely to mechanical engineering.

The four-stroke internal combustion engine is known from the prior art, including: an engine housing, working chamber housings, pistons, a crank mechanism, a crankshaft, an intake valve, an exhaust valve, an intake and exhaust valve opening device, valve closing springs, a power supply system, a system ignition, cooling system.

The disadvantages of the engine.

1. Low engine performance. It is known that to complete a full revolution of the engine shaft, it is necessary to carry out eight piston strokes, of which only two are working, i.e. carrying out the rotation of the shaft due to the power expanding after the explosion of the combustible mixture and creating a torque of the shaft. The remaining six piston passes: suction, compression and exhaust gas discharge are carried out due to the gained inertia of the flywheel and do not affect the value of the shaft torque, which reduces engine performance.

2. The transfer of power from the explosion of the combustible mixture to the shaft through the piston and crank mechanism, as well as the introduction of the necessary lubrication of its hinge, complicate the design of the engine.

3. When the piston removes the exhaust gas from the working chamber, part of it remains in the combustion chamber and mixes with the newly received portion of the combustible mixture, reduces its quality, thereby reducing the explosion power.

4. The device for opening the intake and exhaust valves, complicates the design of the engine.

The AI20 turboprop engine used in aircraft construction is also known, including: the engine casing, the shaft, the compressor working from the shaft, the turbine, the combustion chamber.

Engine disadvantage: the expanding gas exiting the combustion chamber acts on the turbine in a wide, non-concentrated flow, as a result of which part of the flow passes by the turbine blades and without affecting them loses up to 10% of its power. (Internet data). Which is not economical.

The task to which the invention is directed is to implement a product that meets the modern requirements of economy, productivity, simplification of design, and reduction of metal consumption.

This problem is solved due to the fact that the claimed invention: an internal combustion turbo-engine, including: an engine casing, an engine casing cover, working chamber housings, a shaft, a turbine, an intake valve, an exhaust valve, a compressor operating from the engine shaft, an intake valve opening device, a device opening the exhaust valve, valve closing springs, power system, ignition system, cooling system; housings of the working chambers can be made conical, the axial cones of the working chambers can be directed tangentially to the circle of rotation of the center of the turbine blades, the turbine can be made with a switch, the inlet valve can be opened due to the pressure difference arising in the working chambers during engine operation, opening the exhaust valve can be done by a turbine switch.

The technical result provided by the given set of features is to simplify the design, increase productivity, increase efficiency, reduce metal consumption. The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

Fig 1 is a main view,

Fig 2 is a side view,

in Fig 3 - callout I in Fig 2,

in Fig 4 - callout II in Fig 2.

in Fig. 5 - view A in Fig. 1,

in Fig.6 is a diagram of the supply of sparks.

The turbo engine includes: engine housing 1 (FIG. 1), engine housing cover 2 (FIG. 2), working chamber housings 3 (FIG. 1), turbine 4 (FIG. 1), turbine blades 5 (FIG. 1), switches 6 (FIG. 1) , shaft 7 (FIG. 1), inlet valve 13 (FIG. 2), closing springs 9 (FIG. 3), rods 10 (FIG. 5), levers 11 (FIG. 1), latches 12 (FIG. 3), exhaust valve 8 (FIG. 3), cases 14 (FIG. 4), plugs 15 (FIG. 4), closing springs 16 (FIG. 4), rods 17 (FIG. 4), compressor 18 (FIG. 2), drive 19 (FIG. 2), pressure pipe 20 ( Fig. 1), exhaust pipe 21 (Fig. 1), spark plugs 22 (Fig. 1), slider 23 (Fig. 6), contacts of working chambers 24 (Fig. 6), contact of the runner 25 (FIG. 6), key 26 (FIG. 2), cavities for coolant 27 (FIG. 1), “pressure gauge 28 (FIG. 2).

The device operates as follows.

Turning on the ignition and starter, the shaft 7 transmits torque through the drive 19 to the compressor 18, which creates the pressure of the combustible mixture in the pressure pipe 20. Then, entering the intake valves 13, the combustible mixture extends the rods 10 and opens the entrance to the working chambers of the cones 3 ( Fig. 1), of the engine, compressing the closing springs 16. After filling the working chambers, the pressure in them and in the intake valves equalizes, unclenching springs return the rods to their place, blocking the access of the mixture to the working chambers.

At the same time, the turbine 4 rotating from the starter, leading the switch 6 to the lever 11 located in position B (Fig. 1) and closing the outlet of the introduced mixture from the working chamber, turns it 90 ° to position B (Fig. 1). In this position, the lever completely opens the hole of the valve 8 (Fig 3) and installs it on the surface C (Fig 5) of the switch 6, while stretching the return spring 9. The length L (Fig 5) of the switch holds the valve closed until the burnt mixture completely leaves the working cameras. Simultaneously with the opening of the exhaust valve, the slider 23 (Fig. B) with its contact 25 (Fig. 6) approaches the contact of the corresponding filled working chamber and closing the circuit, creates a spark in the spark plug 22 causing an explosion of the combustible mixture. The gas expanding after the explosion, passing through the cone of the working chamber to the outlet, is compressed, gathers speed and a powerful, concentrated stream, acting on the blades 5 of the turbine 4, begins its independent working rotation. At this point, the lever 11 comes off the surface of the switch 6 and the force of the closing spring 9 returns it to position B, closing the exit from the working chamber, which is immediately filled with a new portion of the combustible mixture. The turbine, continuing rotation, brings the switch to the lever of the next already filled working chamber and causes an explosion in it. Thus, in this version of the engine with six working chambers, six working emissions occur during one revolution of the shaft, which multiplies the productivity and power of the engine. Further, by checking the pressure gauge 28 (FIG. 2), the working pressure in the pressure pipe 20, the starter is turned off and the engine starts to work independently.

The application of the conical working chamber is explained as follows: it is known that the power of the air or gas flow is determined by the formula:

где:

Where:

N _n is the power flow

P is the density of air or gas,

V is the flow rate

F is the area of impact.

It can be seen from this formula that the flow power is proportional to the velocity cube, i.e. if the flow rate increased for example 2 times, then the flow rate increased 2 ³ = 8 times.

In an existing engine with a cylindrical working chamber, the increase in engine power is solved by increasing the area of impact, i.e. the area of the piston, respectively, the volume of the cylinder. But this entails an increase in the size and mass of the engine.

In the present invention, the combustion chamber passes into a cone, forming a conical working chamber. The gas expanding after the explosion, passing through the cone and to the outlet, is compressed and picks up speed and leaves a powerful concentrated jet acting on the turbine blades, thereby increasing engine power.

Claims (6)

1. An internal combustion turbo engine, including: an engine casing, an engine casing cover, working chamber housings, a shaft, a turbine, an intake valve, an exhaust valve, a compressor operating from an engine shaft, an intake valve opening device, an exhaust valve opening device, valve closing springs, power system, ignition system, cooling system. 2. A turbojet of internal combustion according to claim 1, characterized in that the housings of the working chambers are made conical. 3. An internal combustion turbo-engine according to claim 2, characterized in that the axial housings of the working chambers are directed tangentially to the circle of rotation of the center of the turbine blades. 4. The turbo-internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbine is made with a switch. 5. An internal combustion turbo-engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the opening of the inlet valve is carried out due to the pressure difference arising in the working chamber during engine operation. 6. The combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the opening of the exhaust valve is carried out by a turbine switch.

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