RU2677539C1 - Device for reducing hydrodynamic resistance of bottom of vessel on compressed pneumatic air flow - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of shipbuilding and can be in the design of ships to reduce the resistance during the movement of high-speed vessels using a dynamic air cushion on the water surface. Claimed device comprises a housing, a high-pressure air blower, a steering device and side skids. In this case, the bottom is made with a double bottom. First bottom is a solid bottom, and the second is an external technical one, covering the part around the perimeter of an open rigid bottom in the form of a fixed closed contour between skegs of wear-resistant protective material for inlet and filling the gas mixture cavity. Outer technological bottom, located on the outer side above the strong bottom, is made of a flexible panel, perforated with holes, and the impeller is connected to the cavity between the solid and the outer technological bottoms, and the outer one is made repeating the shape of a rigid bottom. In the center of the outer technological bottom there is a small durable bottom in the form of a plastic plate of high strength, rigidly fastened with a float. In this case, the float is placed inside the cavity between the rigid bottom and the technological bottom.EFFECT: increased speed of the vessel.3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to shipbuilding and can be used in the construction of ships using a dynamic air cushion, having a high-performance compressor property using an impeller, the jet of which is directed for pneumatic channels in the form of compressed air under the bottom to create lifting and traction forces, and can be used to create transport ships (TSVP) for moving on water, snow and land.

A hovercraft is known, comprising a hull, an injection unit with a steering device, an air cushion area fence with bow and stern elements and side skegs provided with flexible guards attached to their lower part on the outer surfaces of the flexible guards at an angle of 30-60 ° to the vertical plane contains strips of elastic material having a wedge-shaped shape, while the strips of the pointed part are oriented in the direction of movement of the vessel (Patent RU No. 2182089, B60V 3/06 of 05/10/2002).

However, the air gap on this vessel is limited by stability not over the entire area of the bottom of the hull, but only in a narrow range only connected on both sides in the form of runoffs, since the sides of the vessel are not connected with the shape of the bottom of the vessel without taking into account the nature of the wetted surface of the bottom of the vessel from the initial bow section to the end of the stern of the entire ship as a whole, since the hydrodynamic shock zone is located along the entire wetted bottom surface, i.e. there is no possibility of elastic deformation of the coating from below by the second bottom of a perforated flexible web and the cavity formed in this case, connected to a source of compressed air by connecting a gas-air tube with a check valve.

Thus, it is not possible to obtain changes in the mechanical characteristics of the coating when the coating's operating efficiency depends on variable external and internal environmental conditions — the pressure of water and air when flowing around the bottom of the ship’s hull, due to the flow with the air-air flow in motion, and the speed of the ship is insufficient lifting and traction forces, and do not achieve an increase in the efficiency of a dynamic air cushion and a decrease in the resistance of water to the movement of the vessel in a pneumatic flow on water and firmly surface.

Closest to the proposed technical solution is a device to reduce the hydrodynamic resistance of the bottom of the hull on a compressed air stream, comprising a hull, a high-pressure air blower in the form of an impeller, a steering device, side skegs while the bottom of the streamlined hull is protected by a layer of material made with freely protruding one end individual elastic rods and / or fibers made of elastic polyethylene materials in the form of a brush fastened rigidly with a protective coating material (Patent RU No. 2641345, B60V 3/06, B60V 1/04, B63V 1/38 dated 17.01.2018).

This design allows with an air gap under the bottom to reduce friction resistance in a wide range of vessel speeds, and to increase the operational characteristics of the vessel in compressed air flow.

The disadvantage of this coating is the inability to adjust the flexible-elastic properties of the perforated coating material and its mechanical characteristics (for example, bending moments for water and air inlet from the cavity of the proposed device) damping fluid or gas flow when changing the motion parameters of a flexible body relative to the durable bottom of the ship’s hull , as well as increasing the strength of the coating in environmental conditions - the density of water and compressed air. This will increase the lifting force and movement of the ship as a whole.

The proposed vessel in compressed air flow has one rigid bottom hull, and the second external technological perforated flexible material adjacent to the bottom of the hull is located on the supporting (water) surface between the side skegs, the free space (cavity) between the rigid hull and the perforated flexible material is communicated by means of a gas tube with a check valve with a transitional closed section, and with an impeller nozzle, i.e. to perform technological operations and actions for the rigid bottom of the housing.

A feature of the newly proposed ship in compressed pneumatic flow is that the external technical, the so-called hull located on the outside above the rigid bottom of the hull is perforated with holes in the flexible cloth, in the center there is a solid small bottom in the form of a high-strength plastic plate fastened rigidly with a float from a material with a specific gravity less than the specific gravity of water, moreover, the float is made, for example, of foam, placed in the cavity between the rigid bottom of the ship’s hull and a flexible cloth formed with holes.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of a dynamic air cushion and reduce the resistance of water to the movement of the vessel, as well as the lifting and traction forces with increased speed capabilities.

The technical result from the use of the invention is to create a perforated flexible material having elastic bending properties of the coating material and mechanical characteristics of the damping water and gas when the vessel is moving in compressed air flow, which form a single closed streamlined shape over the entire area of the bottom of the hull and the cavity is connected by means of a gas pipe with non-return valve with a closed transition pressure section and with an impeller nozzle in a wide range of speeds on the high pressure side Air Ia (gazodinamicheskoj jet).

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the device for reducing the hydrodynamic resistance of the bottom of the body on a compressed pneumatic flow comprising the body, a high pressure air blower in the form of an impeller with a nozzle, the steering device, side skegs, and the floor of the streamlined body are protected by a layer of wear-resistant protective material, according to the invention, the bottom of the hull of the vessel is additionally made in the form of perforated with holes in the flexible panel of wear-resistant protective material for intake and exhaust gas mixture which is supplied with a cavity between the rigid bottom of the housing and an additionally made perforated flexible cloth in its underwater part of the bottom of the housing, forms a closed cavity in communication with a closed pressure section connected to the nozzle of the compressed air source, creating dynamic pressure on the supporting surface of the water under the bottom with a screen effect, while the outer perforated flexible panel in the center is made of a durable small bottom in the form of a plastic plate of high strength, scratch lennoy rigidly with a float of a material with a specific a specific gravity less than the specific gravity of water, and the float is positioned within the cavity between the rigid bottom shell and perforated with holes flexible material web.

In addition, the high air pressure in the transitional closed pressure section with the nozzle is connected with the possibility of connecting it by means of a gas tube equipped with a check valve and with a cavity between the rigid bottom of the housing and the perforated flexible panel.

In addition, the float is made of light material, for example, foam.

The indicated differences are that the use of a flexible plate perforated with holes as an additional technological bottom covering the freely open rigid bottom of the ship’s hull and fastened only along its perimeter, for example with metal plates, creates a free closed cavity under the hard bottom and makes it possible to supply a gas-dynamic jet of air into a closed the cavity simultaneously in the mode of movement of a high-speed vessel in a pneumatic flow (the connection of the gas-air tube is automatically performed for with check valve). Thus, the peculiarities of the vessel’s movement begin with the operation of the impeller, which creates air pressure and begins to displace water from the cavity space first, then the high-pressure air stream enters and exits through the perforated with openings of the flexible cloth towards the supporting surface of the water. The air outlet outside the flexible panel (technological case) creates the appearance of small bubbles outside the flexible panel, which create the appearance of an air gap in the form of lubricant, significantly reduce the hydrodynamic resistance of the entire vessel, and, therefore, with the same propulsion (impeller) power, increase the speed of movement to cruising. Since the air supply outside the perforated flexible panel with holes will be accompanied, according to the Archimedes law, by some “sinking” of the vessel into the water, the air supply to the cavity under the rigid hull of the vessel is automated in accordance with a decrease in the lifting force or the increase in the lifting force and thrust of the vessel as a whole, i.e. e. the operation of the device consists in the selection of compressed air from the transitional closed pressure section with the impeller nozzle and, supplying a jet of air into the closed cavity below the rigid bottom of the housing along its entire free perimeter, made of a certain shape, and repeating the shape of the bottom, fixed with perforated perforated holes with flexible ends panel, a cavity that is connected by means of a gas pipe equipped with a check valve that prevents water from entering the gas pipe towards the closed the upstream section with the impeller nozzle when shutting down (stopping the high-pressure propulsor arising from the hydrodynamic force of the water below when the vessel is stationary and when the vessel starts (starting)). As for the float, it creates maintenance and limitation from pressing the middle part of the flexible cloth to to the rigid bottom of the body, and hence from its sticking, and a short plastic plate (bottom) of high strength bonded to the float, at the same time serves as a rigid, flowing sliding supporting surface in water with external the outer (outer) side of the flexible panel from the side of the incoming gas-water flow, i.e. hydrodynamic medium.

This design of the device reduces the resistance to movement of the vessel, especially in conditions of excitement, as well as to reduce the yaw of the vessel and increase its stability along the course. It has a practical implementation, simply performed. In general, the service life is increased, and causes improvement with the aim of the effectiveness of a dynamic air cushion, as well as with increased skorostnymi capabilities.

The applicant has not identified technical solutions identical to the claimed invention, which allows us to conclude that it is “novelty”.

The implementation of the distinguishing features of the invention also leads to the appearance of important properties of the object: there is an accompanying appearance of small bubbles outside the technological flexible panel (hull), which significantly reduce the hydrodynamic resistance of the entire vessel, which increases the speed of the vessel. At the same time, including a part of the compressed air intake from the impeller nozzle into a predetermined closed cavity above a rigid bottom of the housing made of a certain shape, and a perforated flexible panel fastened along its perimeter repeats the shape of the rigid bottom, a closed cavity, which is connected by a gas pipe to the check valve. The vessel slides on the pneumatic flow of the corresponding increase and lifting force, while there is no strong "dip" in the water column.

The applicant has not identified any sources of information that would contain information about the influence of the distinguishing features of the invention on the achieved technical result. The above allows, in the applicant's opinion, to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a section of a ship; in FIG. 2 schematically depicts a vessel lying upside down with a perforated flexible bottom being perforated with holes in a perspective view; in FIG. 3 shows a section AA; in FIG. 4 shows a view of the stern of the ship with a rudder.

The present invention is a device for reducing the hydrodynamic resistance of the bottom of the hull in a pneumatic flow, includes a hull 1, an impeller 2 in the casing and located in the bow of the vessel, where the movement occurs in an enclosed space, consisting of a stater and a rotor, the blades of which are made curved and rotated in a vertical plane relative to each other at a given angle in opposite directions for alignment and intake of air flow in the mounting housing, transitional closed section 3, which t is the same width at the outlet to the air channel 4 closed above and below with the possibility of forming an air pressure flow inside it. In this case, the impeller 2 is fixed at an angle of 20-30 ° for air intake at the bottom of the vessel with fixation in a predetermined angular position in the bow of the vessel. Thus, the enclosed space of the pneumatic channel 4 goes further into the open bottom channel 5, limited by the extension of the side skegs 6. The flat rigid bottom of the hull in cross section is made in the form of an inverted semicircle with limited side skegs, which are externally angled with a decreasing base to the side touching the supporting surface of the water, form one straight-through channel 5, coinciding with the direction of the pneumatic channel 4, the transition section 3 with the impeller 2, which give their position is possible be free and compressed air pass most of the air stream and then outputs it as a gas-flow behind the stern between two rudder propeller devices 7 and 8 for handling the vessel compressed pnevmopotoke. Steering devices 7 and 8 on the side of the ends of the skegs contain shields 9 and 10, which limit the common channel 11 for the release of common air, as a result of which one common gas-water stream is formed symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the channel 5 with the closed channel 4. The axis of rotation of the rudders 7 and 8 connected from above on the deck with adjustable rods 12 and 13 and connected in one node 14 for connection with a common draft controlled by the crew (similar to a car steering wheel).

In the upright position, the shields 9 and 10 are advisable to carry out with hydraulic cylinders (not shown) in order to ensure their common free vertical stroke when meeting obstacles in water, on ice and on the ground. In addition, it is advisable to run the lower ends of the shields 9 and 10 at least at the ends skegs.

When transporting a vessel by road, the guards can be folded, i.e. cleaned in such a way as to eliminate their possibility of damage (not shown).

The design form of the steering devices 7 and 8, the position of the flaps 9 and 10, respectively, of the same design allows for stable turns of the vessel when turning the flaps at an angle of 20 ... 30 ° relative to their vertical axes with fastening in the stern of the vessel, with the ability to use when turning air, and I am thicker than water.

At the end of the stern of the hull, it is advisable to fix a horizontal flow guide element made in the form of a U-shaped visor 15 with an inclination of 20 ... 30 ° to the hull of the stern of the stern, which forms a protective screen from above and partially from the sides in the stern of the vessel, the width equal to the distance to the location steering devices with shields, as well as the possibility of sending a part of the outgoing compressed stream to the supporting surface of the water, which creates an effort and continued release of the gas-water stream into the atmosphere, and there is no deck deck Zadie stern.

When the impeller 2 is operating, air is drawn in from the environment into the transitional closed section 3 through a grate (not shown).

The protective coating of the bottom 16 of the rigid body after the pneumatic channel 4 has a second external technological bottom 17, fixed and closing part around the perimeter of the open hard bottom 16 in the form of a fixed closed loop from a perforated with holes 18 flexible cloth 17 made of wear-resistant protective material for inlet and filling the closed loop ( cavity) of the gas mixture and the release of the gas mixture through the holes 18 towards the supporting surface of the water, i.e. air enters from the cavity of the closed loop (space) in the region between the location of the pneumatic channel 4 and the limb of the end of the stern of the vessel, i.e. before the steering device 7 and 8.

In the area of the transitional closed section 3, the gas-air tube 19 passes through the pneumatic channel 4 and passes into a closed cavity made between an additional perforated with holes 18 of the flexible cloth 17 and the rigid bottom 16 of the ship's hull. The gas-air tube 19 contains a check valve 20. A perforated flexible panel 17 is fixed along the perimeter of the bottom 16, as the external technological bottom 17 between the side skegs 6 and above their lower edge and the supporting surface of the water, i.e. the bottom 17 has a wetted surface, and, in the absence of air inside the closed cavity (contour), the free space is filled with water. In the center of the external technological bottom 17 (flexible panel), a small durable bottom 21 is made in the form of a plastic plate of high strength fastened rigidly with a float 22 made of a material with a specific gravity less than the specific gravity of water, and the float is placed inside the cavity between the rigid bottom 16 and the flexible bottom 17 with holes 18. It is advisable to make the float 22, for example, from foam, which simultaneously serves as a stop on the rigid bottom 16 of the ship’s hull, which prevents the generally flexible web 17 from sticking to the hard bottom 16 when the absence of air in a closed cavity and hydrostatic pressure of water from below (from the supporting surface of the water).

Thus, the transition section 3 and the impeller nozzle 2 directs part of the air flow under pressure into the gas tube 19 with the return clan 20, opens it with the possibility of connecting with a closed cavity between the rigid bottom 16 of the housing and the flexible technological bottom 17 (panel). The main air flow from the impeller 2 is directed under pressure below the perforated flexible holes 17 with the holes 18 along the length and width towards the stern between the skegs, i.e. the work depends on the impeller 2 (propulsion) itself using the pneumatic flow (overpressure), actually and then squeezing down the technological bottom 17 away from the rigid bottom 16 of the housing and air supply to the holes 18.

The plot of the flexible panel 17 with holes 18 has a longitudinal and transverse deflection. The shape of this section of the bottom (deflection) is selected experimentally for each specific vessel, so as to ensure a smooth (without the formation of spray jets) closure of the cavity of the bottom 17, and this in turn will affect the lateral stability of the vessel in movement. In addition, the appointment in the middle part of the flexible panel 17 (bottom) in the form of a small bottom from a fixed plastic plate 21 and fastened rigidly with a float 22 from a material with a specific gravity less than the specific gravity of water, while maintaining the convex shape of the bottom 17 and also prevent a large deformation of the surface of the air cushion by air jets leaving the holes 18 supplied through the gas tube 19 with a check valve 20. All exhaust air from the holes 18 will be formed between the side skegs 6 and due to the majority of dull air from the impeller into the open channel 5 will be carried away by the air-water mixture flow towards the stern of the vessel with steering devices 7 and 8 into the atmosphere. The number and size of perforations with holes 18 of the bottom 17 through which compressed air is passed are selected so as to ensure uniform spreading of air across the width and length of the outer bottom open between the skegs 6 towards the stern. This reduces energy losses due to hole resistances. The vessel actually creates an air gap from the gas flow around the entire perimeter of the open section of the bottom, limited by the lateral skegs, which also increases the lifting force of the vessel due to pressure on the supporting surface of the water and large jet thrust.

A device for reducing the hydrodynamic resistance of the bottom of the housing on a compressed pneumatic flow works as follows.

In the absence of the impeller 2, water through the holes 18 fills (moistens) the closed cavity between the rigid bottom 16 of the housing and the flexible external technological housing 17 in the form of a perforated plate with holes 18. Covering the free part of the rigid bottom 16. In case water enters the gas tube 19, the non-return valve 20 installed in it will block the tube 19. Features of the vessel's movement in compressed air flow begin with the operation of the impeller 2, which supplies the high-pressure air mixture through the nozzle to the transition the first closed pressure section 3 and the closed pneumatic channel 4, when the impeller 2 is operating, the air flow towards the transition section 3, respectively, creates a pressure of compressed air directing into the gas-air pipe 19 with a check valve 20 connected to the closed cavity between the rigid bottom 16 of the housing and flexible technological bottom 17 perforated with holes 18 of the panel.

The main part of the high-pressure air supply from the impeller 2 (mover) creates horizontal thrust through a pneumatic channel 5 located between the side skegs 6, the air flow creates pressure and then goes towards the stern of the vessel, the vessel starts accelerated movement. The process of movement of the vessel in compressed air flow is also associated with the start-up of compressed air, which enters through the gas-air tube 19, opens the check valve 20 and begins to first displace water from the space (cavity), then fills the cavity with air, and the air starts and leaves the perforated with holes 18 of the flexible panel 17 in the form of the appearance of small bubbles on the outside of the bottom 17, the air of the bubbles creates the effect of "air lubrication" and some lifting force and which can significantly reduce the hydrodynamic the resistance of the vessel itself, and therefore, with the same parameters of the impeller (mover) will increase the speed of the vessel. Since the air supply outside the flexible bottom 17 will be accompanied, according to the Archimedes law, with some “sinking” of the vessel into the water, the air supply should be calculated with a decrease in the lifting force and preserve the “air lubrication”, i.e. for a corresponding increase in the lifting force and to prevent large deflections (deformations) of the surface of the flexible perforated panel with holes 17. As a result, the air that creates the effect of "air lubrication" in the working position of the vessel creates a common traction along the entire length of the open bottom and the width between the skegs 6. Adjustment of the air pressure when filling the cavity with air between the rigid bottom 16 and the flexible bottom 17, starting from the pneumatic channel 4 of the closed section. In this case, the tube 19 with a check valve 20, and located in the transition pressure section 3, takes air using a gas-air pipe 19 and can regulate the air supply using a valve (not shown).

Longitudinal side skegs 6, in addition to the main function of creating a cavity of the "air cushion", also serve as spray deflectors.

The ship in compressed air flow allows you to freely move through snow of any density, ice, shallows and rifts, without reducing speed, moving from water to ice.

Thus, as a result, air grease is created from the outside of the underwater body. The number and location of the holes in the flexible perforated plate, releasing air, is selected so that the entire open part of the bottom of the housing was covered by them. In this case, better conditions are created along the entire perimeter of the bottom of the vessel to reduce the hydrodynamic resistance of the bottom of the hull between the lateral skegs, even at the time of the wave, i.e. softens the effects of waves, creates air lubrication during the movement of the vessel.

The listed features distinguish the proposed technical solution from the prototype and determine the compliance of this solution with the requirements of the invention and are sufficient for its practical implementation in the development and manufacture of a vessel with compressed air flow.

Claims (3)

1. A device for reducing the hydrodynamic resistance of the bottom of the hull on a compressed air stream, comprising a hull, a high-pressure air blower in the form of an impeller with a nozzle, a steering device, side skegs, a streamlined hull bottom is protected by a layer of wear-resistant protective material, characterized in that the bottom of the hull made additionally in the form of a flexible panel perforated with holes from a wear-resistant material for the inlet and outlet of the gas mixture, which is supplied with a cavity between the rigid by the beggar of the casing and additionally made by a flexible cloth perforated with holes in its underwater part of the bottom of the casing, it forms a closed cavity in communication with the closed pressure section connected to the nozzle of the compressed air source, creating dynamic pressure on the supporting surface of the water under the bottom with a screen effect, while the outer the perforated flexible panel in the center is made of a durable small bottom in the form of a plastic plate of high strength fastened rigidly with a float of material with a specific gravity, less specific gravity of water, moreover, the float is placed inside the cavity between the rigid bottom of the housing and perforated with holes flexible panel. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the high air pressure in the transitional closed pressure section with the nozzle is connected with the possibility of connecting it by means of a gas tube equipped with a check valve and with a half between the rigid bottom of the housing and the perforated flexible plate. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the float is made of light material, for example, foam.

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