RU2668153C2 - Method of producing virus tested planting material of potato of appreciable variety - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention is a method of producing virus tested planting material of potato of appreciable variety which consists in ingrafting of the divided into parts of micro-and mini- potato tubers of the appreciable variety after preliminary disinfection, drying and removal of all eyes from the tuber-nurse of the usual sort of potato, ingrafting on the tuber-nurse by pressing the fragments of micro- and mini-tubers to the places of the removed eyes with subsequent drying, disinfection of the cut around the ingrafting and further cultivation in vivo conditions.EFFECT: invention allows to increase the storage life with the subsequent formation of healthy sprouting in 3-5 times in comparison with the control.3 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

Application area

The invention relates to the field of biology, in particular to agricultural biotechnology, potato growing, seed production of potatoes, and in particular to a method of effective accelerated propagation of seed potatoes, and can be used in agriculture.

State of the art

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect is a long-known method of grafting potatoes with an eye, described in the book by I.E. Glushchenko “Vegetative hybridization of plants” (OGIZ-Selkhozgiz State Publishing House of Agricultural Literature, Moscow, 1948).

This publication describes the special technique for potato inoculation developed in 1938 and its results. A cylindrical tube with a diameter of 1 centimeter cut a peephole from the Odenwald blue potato variety. The same tube was used to drill a tuber of a white-tubular variety of Epicurus potatoes, and a “candle” with an eye of Odenwald blue potato was inserted into the hole. On the rootstock, Epicurus potatoes, all of their own eyes were removed. Subsequently, such tubers were placed in flowerpots with washed sand. The purpose of the experiment was to force the grafted eye of blue-potato potatoes to feed on white-tuber substances.

The disadvantage of this method was that the fusion of the stock and the candle with the eye occurred rather difficult, long and amounted to only about 8%.

A known method of microclonal propagation of potatoes (Patent RU 2181942, 2002). This method involves cultivating healthy potato plants in vitro by grafting onto a nutrient medium containing macro- and microelements according to the Murashige-Skoog prescription, with the addition of 30 g / l sucrose, 5 ml / l Fe-chelate, 3 mg / l glycerol, 1 mg / l indolylacetic acid (IAA), 7 g / l agar-agar, White vitamins and additionally containing 0.5-1.0 mg / l cinnamic acid, followed by the landing of the obtained regenerants in the ground for the subsequent production of micro-tubers.

The disadvantage of this method is that it does not provide for the possibility of long-term storage of micro-tubers (not more than 3-4 months), especially those having small sizes, which leads to the loss of valuable expensive seed material.

Another method is known for propagating healthy potato plants (RU 2329639). In this method, potato plants are propagated in vitro by microcrossing on a nutrient medium containing macro- and microelements according to the prescription Murashige-Skoog, Fe-chelate, agar-agar, White and sucrose vitamins, obtaining regenerated plants and planting regenerated plants in the ground , 3 mg / l of glycine, 1000-2000 mg / l of activated carbon and 1-2 mg / l of ascorbic acid are additionally introduced into the nutrient medium.

The disadvantages of this method are the low plant growth rate when using the in vitro growth system and, as a result, a small yield of regenerated plants and micro-tubers from one source plant. In addition, the survival rate of plants grown on a nutrient medium in vitro when transplanted into the soil is reduced.

There is still a method of propagation of planting material (Patent RU 2206976). This method includes planting sprout cuttings (pieces of tubers with eyes) in cuvettes on wet filter paper, rooting them to obtain seedlings. Before germination, pieces of tubers with eyes are treated with a 1% solution of an antibacterial and / or nematode-bacterial preparation, while a 1-3% solution of mineral fertilizers, a 0.01-0.05% solution of trace elements are used as a nutrient solution and 1% bio-fertilizer solution.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of test tube culture and multi-stage transplants, which during transplants leads to additional pesticidal and other treatments of planting material and leads to additional costs.

Object of the invention

The objective of the proposed invention is to develop a method of preserving micro- and mini-tubers, including up to 0.4 cm in size while preventing them from drying out, to increase the efficiency of using micro-tubers to 0.8 cm, and also to increase the number of planting material of valuable varieties of potatoes.

The solution of the problem

The problem is solved in that a method for producing virus-free planting material of valuable potato varieties has been developed, which consists in grafting divided into parts micro- and mini-tubers of valuable potato varieties into tuber-nanny of ordinary potato by pressing micro- and mini- tubers to the places of the removed ocelli with subsequent drying and disinfection of the slice around the vaccine and further cultivation in vivo.

The novelty of the present invention is the use of potato inoculation in combination with in vivo cultivation when dividing mini- and micro-tubers to obtain virus-free planting material of valuable potato varieties, which minimizes the loss of valuable planting material and increases the yield of the shoot part for further reproduction of tubers.

The essence of the invention is the totality of the claimed features, leading to an increase in the shelf life of micro- and mini-tubers and an increase in the biomass of the shoot part, as well as the total amount of virus-free planting material of valuable potato varieties.

List of Illustrative Materials

Table 1 - Effectiveness of using a vaccine for a nanny tuber.

Table 2 - Shelf life of micro and mini-tubers capable of forming viable shoots without and after inoculation on a nanny tuber.

FIG. 1. Image of the preparation of micro- and mini-tubers for vaccination.

Fig 2. Scheme for dividing micro- and mini-tubers and vaccinations for tuber-nanny.

FIG. 3. Potato plant of the Nevsky variety from a micro-tuber after cultivation for 20 days in the soil: A - vaccinated on a nanny tuber, B - without a vaccination on a nanny tuber.

The implementation of the invention

Tubers-nannies of small potatoes (40-80 g) and medium (from 80-140 g) sizes previously assessed for the absence of mechanical damage, infection with viruses and other pathogens, are disinfected and thoroughly dried after drying, all eyes are removed from the tuber-nanny with a sharp scalpel or a razor (Fig. 1). Before vaccination, we update the slice by 1.5-2 mm. The cut plane should be flat, without bumps, nicks and bends. Grafted nodules or parts thereof are firmly pressed with a finger to the horizontal or vertical plane of the tuber-nanny cut (Fig. 2). One or several micro- or mini-tubers and / or fragments thereof can be grafted onto one tuber (Fig. 1). After 3-4 hours, the grafted tubers can be moved for storage at room temperature and low humidity, since at high humidity infection of the surface of the slices with saprophytic or pathogenic microflora can occur.

After a month or later, grafted tubers with sprouts are placed on a substrate in vivo for subsequent cultivation and production of potato plants for the next tuber reproduction (Fig. 3).

The results of the invention

As follows from table 1, the shelf life of planting material with the subsequent formation of viable shoots on the example of varieties Zhukovsky and Nevsky grafted on a variety of Miami (tuber nanny) according to the invention increased by 5 times - variety Zhukovsky and 3 times - variety Nevsky, in comparison with control (unvaccinated micro-tubers) during storage up to 2 years. As follows from table 2 and FIG. 3, growth indicators (increase in raw biomass of land seedlings) of potato micro-tubers of valuable varieties Zhukovsky and Nevsky grafted onto the Miami variety (nanny tuber), compared with the control (mini and micro tubers without vaccination on the nurse tuber) according to the invention are significantly superior about 8–9 times the variety Zhukovsky and 7–8 times the Nevsky variety. The biomass of mini-potato tubers of valuable Zhukovsky and Nevsky varieties that were grafted onto the Miami variety (nurse tuber) compared to the control (mini-tubers without vaccination for the nurse tuber) according to the invention increased by approximately 2–3 times - for varieties Zhukovsky and 2-3 times for the variety Nevsky. At the same time, the crude biomass of the mini- and micro-tubers themselves, grafted onto the nanny tuber, did not dry out, as usual, but doubled on average.

Claims (1)

A method of obtaining a virus-free planting material of valuable potatoes of varieties, which consists in the fact that vaccination is carried out divided into parts of micro and mini-tubers of valuable potatoes after preliminary disinfection, drying and removal from the tubers-nannies of the usual variety of potatoes of all eyes, vaccination is carried out on the tuber nanny by pressing fragments of micro- and mini-tubers to the places of the removed eyes, followed by drying, disinfection of the slice around the vaccine and further cultivation in vivo.

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