RU2666428C2 - Hard water treatment method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technology of water and air purification.SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in order to soften and purify hard, drinking water from a number of inorganic and organic impurities, both at home and under factory conditions. In order to implement this process, water is filtered through successively located three purification steps. First step includes a cartridge loaded from a mixture of filter materials, wherein at least one of the components is a carboxylic cation-exchange resin in acid form. Second stage includes the cartridge that consists of an ion exchange resin and of a resorcinol formaldehyde PGS polymer, and the third stage contains a filter material having buffer properties containing activated carbon.EFFECT: method provides for an effective purification of water from suspended solids, hardness salts and iron, active chlorine, organic and organochlorine compounds, and also leads to an improvement in the organoleptic qualities of the water obtained while maintaining the minimum residual useful level of hardness.1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The technical solution relates to a method for purifying hard water and can be used to soften and purify a number of inorganic and organic impurities of drinking water both at home and in production conditions.

BACKGROUND

Today, there are various filter materials and filters for drinking water purification.

Known filter material for the purification of drinking water (patent RU 2244561). The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of purification of drinking water by additionally introducing ion-exchange fibrous material and additionally activated carbon into the filter material. This goal is achieved in that the filter material for fine purification of drinking water based on activated carbon fiber additionally contains ion-exchange fiber and a filler is fibrous material or paper in a certain ratio, wt. %: activated carbon fiber 10-85, ion exchange fiber 10-85, the rest is fibrous material or paper.

Another option is known filtering materials for the purification of drinking water from heavy metal ions, radionuclides and impurities of organic substances of various origins, as well as microorganisms (patent RU 2019265). The technical result of the invention is to provide a filter material for the purification of drinking water based on activated carbon fiber, which additionally contains ion-exchange fiber in the following ratio of components, wt. %: activated carbon fiber 10-85, ion exchange fiber 10-85, fibrous material or paper - the rest. For finer water purification, the filter material additionally contains activated carbon in the following ratio of components, wt. %: activated carbon fiber 10-85, ion-exchange fiber 10-85, activated carbon 1-50, fibrous material or paper else.

Also known is a filtering material (patent RU 2162010), where the objective of the invention (achieved technical result) is to obtain an adsorption material for drinking water purification, which can simultaneously achieve a decrease in water hardness while maintaining the degree of water purification from heavy metal ions, organic impurities and organoleptic properties. The problem is solved by the described adsorption material for drinking water purification according to one of the options, consisting of a mixture of granular activated carbon, granular ion-exchange resin and ion-exchange fiber, in which carboxyl-containing and / or phosphorus-containing cation exchangers are used as granular ion-exchange resin, and as ion-exchange fiber polyampholytic fiber based on polyacrylonitrile with a sorption capacity for acid groups of at least 1 mEq / g, and for main groups at least e 0.5 mEq / g and a length of from 1 to 50 mm in the following ratio of components, vol. %: granular activated carbon - 20-50; carboxyl-containing and / or phosphorus-containing cation exchangers - 5-40; polyampholytic fiber based on polyacrylonitrile - 10-60.

A filter is known (RU 2184596), comprising a housing with inlet and outlet fittings, the inlet fitting located in the upper side of the housing, and an additional fitting for draining the wash water installed in the lower portion of the housing; a filter element is installed on the outlet fitting located on the housing cover made in the form of a replaceable cartridge of layers located in the following sequence in the direction of the liquid from the outer surface to the center of the filter: a layer of quartz fabric; a layer of silica fibers with a diameter of 3-5 microns; a layer of quartz ultrathin fibers with a diameter of 1-1.5 microns; a layer of ion-exchange filter cloth made of chemisorption cation-exchange fiber VION KT-1; a layer of carbon activated non-woven material; a quartz fabric layer with a ratio of layer thicknesses (2-2.5) :( 10-12) :( 8-10) :( 2-4) :( 2-4): 1, respectively, and the ratio of the thicknesses of the layers of quartz fibers with a diameter of 3 -5 μm and a diameter of 1-1.5 μm maintained in the range (1.1-1.3): 1. The invention provides improved quality of water treatment, reduced operating costs and increased productivity.

A known filter (patent RU 153507), made in the form of a hollow body, containing holes for the input of purified water into the housing and its output from the latter, while the first layer of permeable material, filtering loading, the second layer are placed inside the housing, layer by layer along the stream of purified water permeable material, and adsorption material is used as a filter charge, which is a mixture of granular activated carbon, granular ion-exchange resin of ion-exchange fiber, and crushed about jadeite, moreover, the specified material is also located in layers along the stream of purified water in the following sequence: the first layer of crushed jadeite, a mixture of granular activated carbon, granular ion-exchange resin and ion-exchange fiber, the second layer of crushed jadeite, and the grain size of the second layer of crushed jadeite is smaller than the grain size of the first layer. The technical result of the claimed solution is to increase the degree of water purification while increasing the degree of pH of the medium to a neutral level of 7.0-8.0.

A known filter for water (patent RU 57142), which by its technical characteristics is taken as a prototype. The objective of the technical solution is to overcome these drawbacks, namely, increasing the filter capacity for hardness salts by 5-10 times, giving selective ability to other anions and cations, color, and also reducing production costs associated with the manufacture of the filter, or rather the filter element. In the water filter containing the filter element, means for supplying water and removing the filtrate, the filter element is made of resorcinol-formaldehyde ASG polymer containing granules of ion-exchange resin uniformly distributed in the volume of ASG-polymer, while the amount of ion exchange resin is 60-70% by weight of the ASG polymer.

The disadvantages of all of the above technical solutions are:

a rapidly developing resource of filter material, that is, for a relatively short period of time, the degree of purification by hardness salts is almost 100%, then the cleaning efficiency decreases sharply to almost zero percent;

the content of a small amount of hardness salts in the filtrate at the initial stage of the resource - the use of such water for drinking purposes helps to wash out useful elements, such as calcium and magnesium, from the body;

purification from active chlorine takes place only by the sorption method, that is, by the method in which, at the end of the filter media, secondary contamination of water with previously absorbed active chlorine and organochlorine compounds is possible.

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution is the development of a method that allows:

purify water of hardness salts with an increase in the resource of the filter material and while maintaining the minimum useful level of hardness salts in the filtrate;

purify water from iron;

purify water of residual active chlorine by chemically neutralizing it, which allows maintaining almost absolute purification of active chlorine throughout the entire filter life;

purify water from organochlorine compounds by the sorption method with high efficiency; moreover, due to preliminary purification of water from active chlorine, the probability of the formation of new organochlorine compounds is practically zero.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The problem is solved due to the fact that the method of water purification, which includes a cartridge consisting of an ion exchange resin and a resorcinol-formaldehyde PGS polymer and characterized in that the cartridge consisting of an ion exchange resin and a resorcinol-formaldehyde PGS polymer, is a second purification stage, while the water purification itself passes through three stages of purification, where

at the first stage, water passes through a mixture of filter materials, at least one of which is a weakly acid cation exchanger, which allows you to clean the water from hardness salts and iron,

at the second stage, water passes through the cartridge, which allows you to clean the water from iron and suspended particles, as well as chemically neutralize active chlorine,

and at the third stage, water passes through a filtering material with buffering properties, due to which the removal of organic and organochlorine compounds and improvement of the organoleptic qualities of water are achieved.

Another option of the proposed technical solution is that the first stage of cleaning contains a cartridge loaded with a mixture of filter materials, where at least one of the components is a carboxylic cation exchange resin in acid form. This feature allows you to achieve cleaning from salts of hardness and iron, which makes it possible to obtain water with a minimum residual useful level of hardness.

Another option of the claimed technical solution is that the second stage of purification contains a cartridge, which is a mixture of ion exchange resin and resorcinol-formaldehyde ASG polymer. This feature allows you to purify water from residual iron and neutralize active chlorine by the chemical method, which makes it possible to obtain water that does not contain active chlorine and iron.

Another option of the proposed technical solution is that the third stage of purification contains filter material with buffering properties, with the content of activated carbon. This feature allows you to remove pollution of organic nature from water, bring the pH level to a neutral value and improve the organoleptic qualities of water.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In FIG. 1 shows a filter for water purification.

In FIG. 2 shows examples of carrying out the invention in different regions close to domestic operating conditions.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The examples described in the description, as well as their alternative features, are only some of the embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any changes or substitutions obvious to a person skilled in the art, within the scope defined by the claims of the present invention, are considered to be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

The claimed technical solution is implemented in the method and filter for it shown in FIG. 1 where

1 - water inlet to the filter,

2 - the output of the filtrate from the filter;

3 - the first housing with a cartridge with a mixture of ion exchange resins;

4 - a second housing with a cartridge consisting of an ion exchange resin and resorcinol-formaldehyde ASG polymer;

5 - the third case with a cartridge of pressed coal.

When water enters the filter, through the water inlet to the filter (1), the water passes through three stages of cleaning in series.

When water passes through the first building (3) - the first stage of purification - there is a partial removal from water of dissolved hardness salts, iron and other dissolved cations. At the same time, a decrease in the hydrogen index of water is observed.

When such water passes through the second casing (4) - the second stage of filtration - a cartridge of ion-exchange resin and ASG-polymer - suspended solids and iron are removed, as well as partial removal of hardness salts. In this case, the residual active chlorine is removed from the water due to its chemical interaction with the ASG polymer. At the same time, chlorine is neutralized to safe chloride ions, and the cartridge matrix is oxidized to carbon dioxide. All these processes are also associated with a partial regeneration of the filter cartridge from the hardness salts formed by acid at the first stage of filtration. Thus, during the operation of the filter, an almost continuous partial regeneration of this filter cartridge occurs.

When water passes through the third building (5) - the third stage - the pressed coal cartridge removes dissolved organic substances from the water, as well as neutralizes the water to a pH value of 6.0-8.0 units. pH

The purified water enters the purified water valve (not shown in FIG. 1) through the filtrate outlet from the filter (2).

Embodiments of the invention are shown in FIG. 2 where

Curve 1 shows the kinetics of eliminating general rigidity during trials in Moscow.

In this case, the initial water was characterized by a total hardness of 7 degrees, the iron content in this water was 0.42 mg / L, the concentration of active chlorine before the filter did not exceed 0.5 mg / L. The effectiveness of removing hardness salts during the experiment varied from 63.9% to 5.6%. The iron content in the filtrate throughout the experiment did not exceed 0.10 mg / L. Active chlorine in the filtrate was not detected throughout the experiment. The filter resource for hardness salts and iron in this experiment was 2220 liters.

Curve 2 shows the kinetics of eliminating general rigidity during trials in Rostov-on-Don.

Moreover, the water was characterized by a total hardness of 9.7 degrees of hardness, and the iron content in this water was 0.12 mg / L, the concentration of active chlorine before the filter did not exceed 0.5 mg / L. The efficiency of eliminating hardness salts during the experiment varied from 47.4% to 7.1%. The iron content in the filtrate throughout the experiment did not exceed 0.03 mg / L. Active chlorine in the filtrate was not detected throughout the experiment. The filter resource for hardness salts and iron in this experiment was 3120 liters.

Curve 3 shows the kinetics of eliminating general rigidity during trials in Krasnodar.

Moreover, the water was characterized by a total hardness of 4.1 degrees of hardness, and the iron content in this water was 0.09 mg / L, the concentration of active chlorine before the filter did not exceed 0.5 mg / L. The effectiveness of removing hardness salts during the experiment varied from 88.2% to 9.1%. The iron content in the filtrate throughout the experiment did not exceed 0.05 mg / L. Active chlorine in the filtrate was not detected throughout the experiment. The filter resource for hardness salts and iron in this experiment was 3960 liters.

Thus, when implementing the proposed method for water purification, water is purified from:

hardness salts with an increase in the resource of the filter material and while maintaining the minimum useful level of hardness salts in the filtrate;

gland;

residual active chlorine by chemical neutralization, which allows you to maintain almost absolute purification from active chlorine throughout the entire filter life;

organochlorine compounds by the sorption method with high efficiency, and, thanks to preliminary water purification from active chlorine, the probability of the formation of new organochlorine compounds is practically zero.

Claims (1)

A method of water purification comprising a cartridge consisting of an ion exchange resin and resorcinol-formaldehyde PGS polymer, characterized in that said cartridge consisting of an ion exchange resin and resorcinol-formaldehyde PGS polymer is a second stage of purification, wherein the water purification itself represents three successive stages of cleaning, where the first stage contains a cartridge loaded with a mixture of filter materials, while at least one of the components is a carboxylic cationoo mennuyu resin in acid form, and the third stage comprises a filter material having buffer properties comprising activated carbon.

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