RU2663702C2 - Three-chamber rotary engine of internal combustion - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: motors and pumps.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of rotary internal combustion engines with a split cycle. Concept of the invention is that the engine consists of: a compression chamber, an expansion chamber and a combustion chamber, rotor, compression chamber valves, expansion and combustion, a channel between the compression chamber and the combustion chamber, through which the fuel mixture flows from the compression chamber to the combustion chamber. Compression, expansion and combustion chambers have independent volumes, the rotor of the engine passes through the compression chamber, the expansion chamber and enters the combustion chamber, and the combustion gases flow from the combustion chamber into the expansion chamber through the rotor body, where they perform useful work.EFFECT: technical result consists in higher engine efficiency.4 cl, 27 dwg

Description

The invention relates to engine building, namely to rotary internal combustion engines, and can be used as a drive in various machines, stationary and mobile power plants in the automotive, tractor, electric power and other industries related to the manufacture and operation of various vehicles and power installations.

The invention provides a rotary engine device, in which are divided, enclosed in one housing:

- - the chamber in which the compression cycle takes place;

- - the chamber in which the ignition of the fuel;

- - the working chamber, where the expansion of burning fuel and the conversion of gas energy into mechanical work, into which the gases from the combustion chamber flow through the rotor body, takes place.

Numerous rotary internal combustion engines are known in which the intake of a combustible mixture, its compression and combustion takes place in the working chamber, which leads to an eccentric rotation of the rotor around the shaft (Wankel engine), which is generally recognized to lead to numerous disadvantages of such engines, or to ensure planetary rotation of the rotor, it is necessary to move the combustion chamber, where it is squeezed out, compressed by the rotor in the working chamber of the rotor, the fuel mixture and where the mixture is ignited, beyond the side of the working chamber of the engine in which um rotor (patents RU 2161708, RU 2163678), which in turn leads to lower characteristics of the mixture in the combustion chamber and compression drop, as a consequence, power loss, which is the essential disadvantages of these engines.

In all existing rotary engines, the process of converting the energy of combustion gases into mechanical work (expansion cycle), the suction and compression of the fuel mixture occur in the working chamber, therefore, the useful expansion cycle accounts for only part of the rotor's stroke in the working chamber, which leads to incomplete use of energy combustion gases and exhaust gases from the engine under sufficiently high pressure.

In the invention presented here, the working chamber in which the energy of the combustion gases is converted into rotor rotation, the chamber in which air is sucked in and the fuel mixture is compressed, and the chamber in which the fuel mixture is ignited and burned, are separated.

Accordingly, the volumes of these cameras are independent.

Thus, the movement of the rotor in the expansion cycle uses the entire volume of the working chamber of the engine, the volume of which does not depend on the volume of the chambers, where the preparation and ignition of the combustible mixture takes place, which allows it to be large enough to receive exhaust gases at the level of atmospheric pressure and, therefore, fully utilize the energy of the combustion gases of the fuel.

Since the volume of the chamber where the fuel mixture (compression chamber) is compressed does not depend on the volumes of the working chamber and the ignition chamber, it can be made large enough to suck in an air volume corresponding to its size, and, as a result, increase engine power. In fact, this engine design allows an increase in the volume of the expansion chamber to achieve the effect that a turbocharger provides in engines of a traditional design.

In addition, the combustion gases of the fuel in the engine of the circuit proposed here flow from the chamber in which the ignition and combustion of the fuel mixture occurs to the working chamber through the rotor body and exit under pressure from a nozzle located in the rotor wing, therefore, together with the pressure of the combustion gases on the rotor wing acts on the reactive force of the combustion gases flowing out of it under pressure, which will increase engine power.

Obviously, such a scheme of the engine allows to obtain greater efficiency and power than that of existing systems, with lower fuel consumption.

In FIG. 1 shows a general diagram of the engine and the ratio of its main elements in a longitudinal section.

In FIG. 2 shows a general diagram of the engine rotor and the ratio of its main elements in a longitudinal section.

In FIG. 3 shows a general diagram of the engine housing and the ratio of its main elements in a longitudinal section.

In FIG. 4 shows the general scheme of the compression cylinder and the ratio of its main elements at the beginning of the working cycle in cross section.

In FIG. 5 shows the general scheme and the ratio of the main elements of the control valve of the compression cylinder valve at the beginning of the working cycle in cross section.

In FIG. 6 shows a general diagram and the ratio of the main elements of the expansion cylinder at the beginning of the working cycle in cross section.

In FIG. 7 shows a general diagram and the ratio of the main elements of the control disc valve of the expansion cylinder and the ignition cylinder latches at the beginning of the working cycle in cross section.

In FIG. Figure 8 shows the general diagram and the ratio of the main elements of the ignition cylinder at the beginning of the working cycle in cross section in a scale corresponding to the scale of the remaining figures.

In FIG. 9 shows the general scheme and the ratio of the main elements of the ignition cylinder at the beginning of the working cycle in cross section in a 2: 1 scale.

In FIG. 10 shows a general diagram of a compression cylinder and the ratio of its main elements when the rotor rotates 90 ° in cross section.

In FIG. 11 shows a general diagram and the ratio of the main elements of the control valve of the compression cylinder valve when the rotor rotates 90 ° in cross section.

In FIG. 12 shows a general diagram and the ratio of the main elements of the expansion cylinder when the rotor rotates 90 ° in cross section.

In FIG. 13 shows a general diagram and the ratio of the main elements of the control disc valve of the expansion cylinder and the ignition cylinder latches when the rotor rotates 90 ° in cross section.

In FIG. 14 shows the general diagram and the ratio of the main elements of the ignition cylinder when the rotor rotates 90 ° in cross section in a scale corresponding to the scale of the remaining figures.

In FIG. 15 shows the general scheme and the ratio of the main elements of the ignition cylinder when the rotor rotates 90 ° in cross section in a 2: 1 scale.

In FIG. 16 shows a general diagram of a compression cylinder and the ratio of its main elements when the rotor rotates 180 ° in cross section.

In FIG. 17 shows a general diagram and the ratio of the main elements of the control valve of the compression cylinder valve when the rotor rotates 180 ° in cross section.

In FIG. 18 shows a general diagram and the ratio of the main elements of the expansion cylinder when the rotor is rotated 180 ° in cross section.

In FIG. 19 shows a general diagram and the ratio of the main elements of the control disk of the expansion cylinder valve and the ignition cylinder latches when the rotor is rotated through 180 ° in cross section.

In FIG. 20 shows a general diagram and the ratio of the main elements of the ignition cylinder when the rotor is rotated 180 ° in cross section in a scale corresponding to the scale of the remaining figures.

In FIG. 21 shows a general diagram and the ratio of the main elements of the ignition cylinder when the rotor is rotated 180 ° in cross section in a 2: 1 scale.

In FIG. 22 shows a general diagram of a compression cylinder and the ratio of its main elements when the rotor rotates 270 ° in cross section.

In FIG. 23 shows a general diagram and the ratio of the main elements of the control valve of the compression cylinder valve when the rotor rotates 270 ° in cross section.

In FIG. 24 shows a general diagram and the ratio of the main elements of the expansion cylinder when the rotor rotates 270 ° in cross section.

In FIG. 25 shows the general diagram and the ratio of the main elements of the control disk of the expansion cylinder valve and the ignition cylinder latches when the rotor rotates 270 ° in cross section.

In FIG. 26 shows the general diagram and the ratio of the main elements of the ignition cylinder when the rotor rotates 270 ° in cross section in a scale corresponding to the scale of the remaining figures.

In FIG. 27 shows a general diagram and the ratio of the main elements of the ignition cylinder when the rotor rotates 270 ° in cross section in a 2: 1 scale.

The inventive rotary internal combustion engine contains:

1 - Engine housing.

Which in turn contains the following elements:

2 - The housing of the compression chamber.

3 - Enclosure camera housing.

4 - The housing of the combustion chamber.

5 - Through holes of the same diameter, forming a channel for the rotor cylinder, passing through the housing of the compression chamber, the housing of the expansion chamber and entering into the housing of the combustion chamber.

6 - The inner cylinder of the combustion chamber with a cutout for the passage of combustion gases from the combustion chamber through the cylinder of the rotor and the wing of the rotor of the expansion chamber into the expansion chamber of the engine.

7 - The channel between the compression chamber and the combustion chamber.

8 - Spark plug.

9 - A cutout in the housing of the compression chamber for shutting the compression chamber.

10- Cutout in the expansion chamber housing for the expansion chamber latch.

11 - The outlet in the compression chamber into the channel between the compression chamber and the combustion chamber.

12 - The inlet to the combustion chamber from the channel between the compression chamber and the combustion chamber.

13 - Cutout in the housing of the combustion chamber for the upper valve of the combustion chamber.

14 - Cutout in the housing of the combustion chamber for the lower valve of the combustion chamber.

Inside the engine housing is the main engine element:

15 - Rotor.

Which in turn contains:

16 - The cylinder of the rotor.

17 - The wing of the rotor of the compression chamber.

18 - Disk control valve of the compression chamber.

19 - Guide cutout of the control valve of the compression chamber shutter.

20 - The wing of the rotor of the expansion chamber.

21 - The nozzle of the exhaust gas combustion of fuel in the wing of the rotor of the expansion chamber into the expansion chamber of the engine.

22 - Gas channel passing through the cylinder of the rotor and the wing of the expansion chamber from the combustion chamber to the expansion chamber.

23 - Disk control valve of the expansion chamber and the valves of the combustion chamber.

24 - The wing of the rotor of the combustion chamber.

25 - The guide cutout of the disk 23, which controls the valve of the expansion chamber.

26 - The guide cutout of the disk 23, which controls the upper valve of the combustion chamber.

27 - The guide cutout of the disk 23, which controls the lower valve of the combustion chamber.

Rotating, the rotor raises and lowers the following valves:

28 - The valve of the compression chamber.

29 - Gate valve expansion.

30 - The upper valve of the combustion chamber.

31 - The lower valve of the combustion chamber.

In the lowered state, the valve of the compression chamber 28 is in contact with the rotating cylinder of the rotor 16 through:

32 - roller shutter compression chamber.

The compression chamber valve 28 drives the compression chamber valve control disk 18 through actions on:

33 - thrust of the valve of the expansion chamber, which is inserted into the guide cutout of the control disk of the valve of the compression chamber 19.

In the lowered state, the valve of the expansion chamber 29 is in contact with the rotating cylinder of the rotor 16 through:

34 - roller shutter expansion chamber.

The expansion chamber latch 29 controls the expansion valve of the expansion chamber 23 through impacts on:

35 - thrust of the valve of the expansion chamber, which is inserted into the guide cutout of the control disk of the valve of the expansion chamber 25.

The valves of the combustion chamber 30 and 31 drive the valve of the valves of the combustion chamber 23 moves through the impact on:

36 - thrust of the upper valve of the combustion chamber 30, which is inserted into the guide cutout 26 of the disk control valve of the expansion chamber 23.

37 - thrust of the lower valve of the combustion chamber 31, which is inserted into the guide cutout 27 of the disk control valve of the expansion chamber 23.

38 - Movable bracket for rotating the rotor in one direction.

39 - Exhaust window of exhaust combustion gases.

In the process of its rotation, the rotor raises and lowers the valves 28, 29, 30 and 31 into the chambers of the chambers 2,3 and 4 through the cutouts in the chambers of the chambers 9,10,13 and 14 and creates the chambers:

- A compression chamber formed by a downwardly sliding shutter of the compression chamber 28, the cylinder of the rotor 16, the wing of the rotor of the compression chamber 17 and the housing of the compression chamber 2, in which the rotor, turning with its wing of the compression chamber 17, compresses air for a diesel engine or fuel mixture , for the gasoline version of the engine, and squeezes it through the outlet in the compression chamber 11 into the channel between the compression chamber and the combustion chamber 7, through which air or fuel mixture enters the combustion chamber through the inlet 12.

- The expansion chamber, formed by the downwardly sliding valve of the expansion chamber 29, the cylinder of the rotor 16, the wing of the rotor of the compression chamber 20 and the housing of the compression chamber 3, where the expansion of combustible gases takes place, filling the expansion chamber through the nozzle 21 in the wing of the rotor 20, performing useful work on the rotation of the rotor .

- The combustion chamber formed by:

- At the stage of receiving the fuel mixture through the inlet 12, a valve 31 raised upwards, the combustion chamber body 4, the internal cylinder of the combustion chamber 6, the cylinder of the rotor 16 and the wing of the rotor of the combustion chamber 24.

- At the stage of pressurization of the fuel mixture and its ignition - the valve 30 lowered down, the housing of the combustion chamber 4, the inner cylinder of the combustion chamber 6, the cylinder of the rotor 16 and the wing of the rotor of the combustion chamber 24.

The operation of the provided rotary internal combustion engine is as follows.

The phases of the rotary engine cycle in the fuel chamber are shown in FIG. 6 in cross sections.

In FIG. 4-9 show the position of the engine elements in the initial state of the duty cycle.

FIG. 4 shows the compression chamber and the position of its main parts and elements in the initial state of the working cycle.

FIG. 5 shows the control valve of the valve of the compression chamber in the initial stage of the working cycle and the position of its main parts and elements.

FIG. 6 shows the expansion chamber and the position of its main parts and elements in the initial state of the working cycle.

FIG. 7 shows a control disk for the expansion chamber valve and the combustion chamber valves in the initial stage of the operating cycle and the position of its main parts and elements.

FIG. 8 shows the combustion chamber and the position of its main parts and elements in the initial state of the working cycle in a scale equal to the scale of other figures.

FIG. 9 shows the combustion chamber and the position of its main parts and elements in the initial state of the working cycle at a scale of 2: 1 to the scale of other figures.

The fuel mixture is compressed in a chamber limited to: 30 — the upper shutter of the fuel chamber of the engine lowered downward, 4 — the housing of the fuel chamber of the engine, 16 — the end part of the cylinder of the rotor, 6 — the inner cylinder of the body of the fuel chamber of the engine, 24 — the wing of the rotor of the combustion chamber. The lower valve of the fuel chamber of the engine 31 is lowered down.

The mixture is ready for ignition.

The movable bracket 38 entered the corresponding cutout in the wing of the rotor of the combustion chamber 24, providing rotation of the rotor in one direction, counterclockwise.

When the fuel mixture is ignited, the rotation of the rotor will raise the valve 30 and the combustion gases through a cutout in the inner cylinder of the fuel chamber of the engine and 6 will enter the gas duct 22 passing through the cylinder of the rotor and the wing of the expansion chamber from the combustion chamber to the expansion chamber. Through the nozzle 21 in the wing of the rotor of the expansion chamber 20, the combustion gases of the fuel mixture enter the expansion chamber, press on the wing of the rotor of the expansion chamber 20 and rotate the engine rotor.

In FIG. 10-15 show the position of the engine elements when the rotor rotates 90 ° from the initial state of the duty cycle.

In FIG. 10, rotating, the rotor by the movement of the wing of the rotor of the compression chamber 17 reduces the size of the compression chamber by squeezing the air, in the diesel engine version, or the fuel mixture, in the gasoline version of the engine, from the compression chamber through channel 7 into the expanding combustion chamber at the stage of receiving the fuel mixture (or air) through the inlet 12, FIG. 14, FIG. fifteen.

In FIG. 11, a compression chamber valve control disk 18 holds the compression chamber valve 28 in a lowered position.

In FIG. 12, the expansion chamber increases in size, through the nozzle 21 in the wing of the rotor of the expansion chamber 20, the combustion gases of the fuel mixture enter the expansion chamber, press on the wing of the rotor of the expansion chamber 20 and rotate the engine rotor.

In FIG. 13, the control disk valve of the expansion chamber and the valves of the combustion chamber 23 holds the valve of the expansion chamber 29 in the lowered state, and the valves of the combustion chamber 30 and 31 in the raised state.

In FIG. 14 (on a scale equal to the scale of the other figures) and FIG. 15 (on a scale of 2: 1 to the scale of other figures), rotating, the rotor by the movement of the wing of the rotor of the combustion chamber 24 forms an expanding chamber for receiving the fuel mixture entering the chamber through the hole 12 from the channel between the compression chamber and the combustion chamber 7, which is formed by the valve 31 raised up , the body of the combustion chamber 4, the inner cylinder of the combustion chamber 6, the cylinder of the rotor 16 and the wing of the rotor of the combustion chamber 24. The fuel mixture or air (depending on the internal combustion engine variant) comes from the compression chamber to the engine expanding at this stage (at Dii receiving the fuel mixture) combustion chamber. At the same time, the wing of the rotor of the combustion chamber 24, rotating, with its other end squeezes the combustion gases into the channel 22.

In FIG. 16-21 show the position of the engine elements when the rotor rotates 180 ° from the initial state of the duty cycle.

In FIG. 16, the rotor rotates by the wing of the rotor of the compression chamber 17, occupying the entire volume of the compression chamber, completely squeezing out air from it, in the diesel engine version, or the fuel mixture, in the gasoline version of the engine, through the channel 7 into the combustion chamber, at the stage of receiving the fuel mixture (or air) having reached the maximum volume through the inlet 12, FIG. 20, FIG. 21.

In FIG. 17, the control valve of the compression chamber valve 18 lifts the compression chamber valve 28 and holds it in a raised position. The valve 18 does not interfere with the further movement of the wing of the rotor of the compression chamber 17 during further rotation of the rotor.

In FIG. 18, the expansion chamber increases in size, through the nozzle 21 in the wing of the rotor of the expansion chamber 20, the combustion gases of the fuel mixture enter the expansion chamber, press on the wing of the rotor of the expansion chamber 20 and rotate the engine rotor.

In FIG. 19, the control disk valve for the expansion chamber and the valves of the combustion chamber 23 holds the valve of the expansion chamber 29 in the lowered state, the valve of the combustion chamber 30 holds up the last moments, and the valve 31 drops down, and it does not interfere with the further movement of the wing of the rotor of the combustion chamber 24 during rotation rotor.

In FIG. 20 (on a scale equal to the scale of the other figures) and FIG. 21 (on a scale of 2: 1 to the scale of other figures), the combustion chamber is in a transition state from the stage of receiving the fuel mixture to the stage of compression of the fuel mixture and its ignition.

In FIG. 22-27 shows the position of the engine elements when the rotor rotates 270 ° from the initial state of the duty cycle.

In FIG. 22, rotating, the rotor with the wing of the rotor of the compression chamber 17 exits the compression chamber, sucking a new portion of air into the part freed from it.

In FIG. 23, the compression chamber valve control disk 18 holds the compression chamber valve 28 in a raised position. The valve 18 does not interfere with the further movement of the wing of the rotor of the compression chamber 17 during rotation of the rotor.

In FIG. 24, the expansion chamber is in the last stage of the expansion cycle, through the nozzle 21 in the wing of the rotor of the expansion chamber 20, the combustion gases of the fuel mixture enter the expansion chamber, press on the wing of the rotor of the expansion chamber 20 and rotate the engine rotor, but the pressure in the expansion chamber drops, and further by turning the rotor, the wing of the rotor of the expansion chamber 20 will reach the exhaust window 39 and the expansion cycle will end. After the wing of the rotor of the expansion chamber 20 passes the exhaust window 39, the disk control valve of the expansion chamber 23 will raise the valve 23 and lower it as soon as the wing of the rotor 27 passes under it.

In FIG. 25, the control valve for the expansion chamber valve and the combustion chamber valves 23 holds the expansion chamber valve 29, the combustion chamber valve 30 and the valve 31 in the lowered state.

In FIG. 26 (on a scale equal to the scale of the other figures) and FIG. 27 (at a scale of 2: 1 to the scale of other figures) the combustion chamber is reduced and is in the stage of compression of the fuel mixture.

With further rotation of the rotor, the engine will reach the initial state of the duty cycle, as shown in FIG. 4-9.

Thus, for the full circle of rotation of the rotor:

In the compression chamber occurs:

- compression cycle of the fuel mixture or air

- A cycle of suction in the air chamber.

In the working chamber of a rotary engine occurs:

- combustion gas expansion cycle

- exhaust gas removal cycle.

In the fuel chamber of a rotary engine occurs:

- suction cycle of the fuel mixture or air

- cycle of compression of the fuel mixture or fuel

- ignition and combustion of the fuel mixture.

The rotor receives rotation energy:

- from the expansion pressure of the combustion gases on the wing of the rotor

- from reactive recoil of fuel combustion gases emanating under pressure from the wing of the rotor.

The separate position of the compression, expansion and combustion chamber of the rotary engine allows them to be dimensioned such that during the expansion of the combustion gases after they perform useful work at the outlet of the engine’s working chamber, their residual pressure can be obtained close to atmospheric, that is, to fully use the gas expansion energy fuel combustion.

Claims (4)

1. A rotary internal combustion engine, consisting of: a compression chamber, an expansion chamber and a combustion chamber, a rotor, shutters of a compression chamber, expansion and combustion, a channel between the compression chamber and the combustion chamber, through which the fuel mixture flows from the compression chamber into the combustion chamber, characterized the fact that the compression, expansion and combustion chambers have independent volumes, the engine rotor passes through the compression chamber, the expansion chamber and enters the combustion chamber, combustion gases flow from the combustion chamber to the expansion chamber, where useful to work through the rotor body. 2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor of the engine consists of: a rotor cylinder that passes through the compression chamber, an expansion chamber and enters the combustion chamber, the wing of the rotor of the compression chamber included in the compression chamber and rotating in it, the wing of the rotor the expansion chamber, which is included in the expansion chamber and rotates in it, the wing of the rotor of the combustion chamber, which enters and rotates in the combustion chamber, and the control disks of the valves of the compression, expansion, and combustion chambers. 3. The engine according to claim 2, characterized in that a channel passes through the rotor cylinder and the wing of the rotor of the expansion chamber, through which combustion gases flow from the combustion chamber to the expansion chamber, where they exit from the nozzle of the wing of the rotor of the expansion chamber to the expansion chamber, in which useful work by rotating the rotor. 4. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the working areas in the compression, expansion and combustion chambers form the rotor wings rotating in them and the gate valves entering / leaving them, the position of which is controlled by the rotor discs that control the gate valves rotating together with the rotor outside these chambers .

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