RU2661451C1 - Equipment of radiation control of technological process (arct) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics, nuclear physics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to equipment used for radiation monitoring of technological processes. Equipment for radiation monitoring of technological processes contains detection unit connected to threshold node consisting of input digital pulse counter; clock generator, timer digital pulse counter, which input is connected to output of clock generator, and output is connected to reset input of input digital pulse counter; threshold RS-flip-flop, input R of which is connected to output of input digital pulse counter and reset input of timer digital pulse counter, input S is connected to input of reset digital pulse counter and to output of timer digital pulse counter, and output is control output of threshold control unit. Threshold RS-flip-flop is configured to generate control signal when value of input frequency signal of threshold frequency is exceeded, wherein control signal is intended to be transmitted to actuators or process equipment. Apparatus also comprises node for determining fault of threshold node and detection unit for detecting failure of detection unit for periodic diagnostics.

EFFECT: increase in safety of technological process by simultaneous increase in speed of response to accident and reliability of radiation monitoring equipment.

11 cl, 2 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to equipment used for radiation monitoring of technological processes, for example, as part of safety control systems or automated process control systems (hereinafter - ACS TP), which can be used as in radiation hazardous facilities (for example, in nuclear facilities and energy), and in medical institutions and industrial facilities associated with the use of ionizing radiation sources. Such devices are used to continuously monitor the values of the radiation parameter (for example, radiation dose rate, substance activity, surface activity, volumetric or specific activity of the medium, ionizing particle flux density or ionizing radiation flux) by measuring its magnitude and generating a control signal when it exceeds a threshold values.

In particular, the device can be used in safety systems to monitor the radiation parameter, for example, the dose rate of gamma radiation or the volumetric activity of a controlled environment, of a set threshold value for monitoring the tightness of technological equipment (steam generators, heat exchangers of the second or third circuits of a nuclear power plant ( hereinafter referred to as NPP)), control of emissions and discharges of NPPs, as well as at industrial facilities to participate in the process control ohm or in medical institutions, warehouses, transport and passenger stations to control unauthorized use and carry radioactive sources.

State of the art

The following solutions are known in the art.

A known radiation monitoring device containing a scintillation detection unit (hereinafter referred to as the DB), which detects ionizing radiation from the processing equipment, is connected to the unit for processing and measuring the signal received from the DB, and generating a control signal when the measurement result exceeds the set threshold value. The block for processing and measuring the signal contains a block of primary information processing, which receives a frequency signal from the output of the database, containing a power supply, an amplifier and discriminators of the first and second measuring channels, as well as a computer-based information processing unit (hereinafter referred to as the processor unit) and the communication unit of the primary information processing unit with the processor unit (hereinafter - the communication unit). The output of the database is connected to the input of the amplifier, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the discriminators, and the outputs of the discriminators are connected to the inputs of the communication unit. When operating in the absence of depressurization of technological equipment and, therefore, the absence of radioactive medium entering the technological equipment, which is a source of ionizing radiation, the device synchronously measures background signals (frequency sequence of pulses) in the first and second measuring channels, and then using the algorithms in the software (hereinafter - the software) of the processor unit compares the measurement results with the threshold values of tavok signal generation and the presence or absence of leakage of process equipment (SU 1795803, publication date 27.09.1996). In such a device, the processor unit, where information is processed, is built on the basis of microprocessor technology and runs on firmware. Built-in software provides processing of the input signal from the database according to the specified algorithms, as well as the ability to set individual configurations and tuning constants (taking into account the sensitivity of the database, dead time, measurement time, specified measurement error, threshold settings, etc.) and diagnostics of performance.

The main disadvantage of the known device is the use of programmable microprocessor technology in it, because at the device development stage, it is impossible to identify and eliminate all defects and causes of software freezes. Software defects are detected for a long time during operation of the device, and therefore the device does not have sufficient reliability when used as part of security control systems. For this reason, in control security systems, it is preferable to use tools built on elements of "hard" logic.

A device for measuring the average frequency of pulses arriving at the main (OK) and compensation (background) (QC) channels from the radiation radiation database, having respectively the main and compensation channels. The device consists of an information processing unit connected to the database. The database records and converts the energy of ionizing radiation into voltage pulses along the main and compensation (background) channels, the repetition rate of which is proportional to the value of the radiation parameter and background, respectively. The information processing unit contains a conversion path, the main and compensation inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the main and compensation channels of the database, respectively, built on two identical analog meters of the average pulse repetition rate, each of which includes identical pulse shapers, coefficient setting circuits that allow obtaining normalized output signals in the form of a voltage proportional to the corresponding frequencies at the inputs of the main and compensation channels, and an integrator with of the research type, made on the basis of an operational amplifier, in the feedback circuit of which an integrating circuit is included, which allows, with a given error, to obtain an output signal in the form of a voltage difference along the main and compensation channels (to compensate for the background signal). Two threshold circuits are connected to the output of the operational amplifier, each of which contains organs for adjusting thresholds (“Radiation Safety Monitoring Equipment for NPPs with VVER and RBMK”, Issue 22, Zhernov BC et al., Moscow, “Energoatomizdat”, 1987, Section 2.1 .1.-2.1.2, p. 34-49).

The linear conversion range of such a device, which characterizes the measuring range, is three decimal orders, which is determined by the accumulation of charge to an equilibrium value corresponding to the value of the input frequency signal on RC circuits. The output voltage of the meter is determined by the following expression:

where U is the output voltage of the device,

n ₀ and n _k - the average frequency of the pulses at different inputs of the Converter path,

k ₁ and k ₂ are the normalization coefficients of the output signal, the values of which are regulated in one decimal order using a voltage divider using variable resistors.

If the database has a conversion range of the ionizing radiation signal into a frequency signal of more than three decimal orders, while the measurement range of the known device does not exceed 3 decimal orders, then when the frequency signal exits the database from the output of the database beyond the upper limit of the measurement range of the known device In it, in order to continue measuring the intensity of ionizing radiation, it is possible in manual mode by adjusting the voltage divider and connecting additional doses capacitors “roughen” the measurement range by two decimal orders. In this case, the measurement range in this case will not exceed three decimal orders. Thus, the disadvantage of such a device is a narrow measurement range, not exceeding 3 decimal orders, which leads to low accuracy and sensitivity of the measurement with signal values lying in a wide range.

Another disadvantage of the known device is the long time it takes to establish the readings and the long time to averaging the readings (i.e. the values of the measurement time), which are determined by the expressions (2) and (3):

where T _mouth - the time of the testimony,

t is the time constant of the analog intensimeter equal to t = RC (see the above link to the description of the known device),

T _and - time averaging readings.

Thus, the response time of the device to the issuance of a control signal in the event of an emergency when the radiation parameter exceeds the threshold value is significant, which reduces the safety of the controlled object, since in control systems one of the most important requirements for devices that generate a control signal is the requirement to provide a specified time for generating a control signal when the current value of the radiation parameter exceeds a threshold value (time tion on the occurrence of an emergency). The response time of the device generating the control signal in the event of emergency conditions should not exceed a certain value specified in the design documentation taking into account the flow of technological processes in the controlled object, so as not to provoke an accident, which is the most important parameter of such units and directly affects the safety of the controlled object .

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is equipment for radiation monitoring of technological processes (hereinafter - ARCT), containing a database that converts the ionizing radiation acting on it into a frequency pulse signal proportional to the radiation intensity, and a processing and generation unit for the control signal that contains a digital reversible pulse counter, whose input is connected to the output of the database, and the output is connected to the input of the bistable node; a generator that generates two threshold frequencies, the two outputs of which, in accordance with a given algorithm, are connected through a bistable node to the output of a digital reversible pulse counter. When the frequency coming from the output of the database exceeds the value of the set threshold frequency, a control signal is generated at the output of the digital reversible pulse counter, which activates a relay through the bistable unit, as a result of which a control signal is received at the output of the ARCT, indicating the presence or absence of exceeding the measured frequency of the threshold value . The use of a threshold generator that generates two threshold frequencies protects the digital reversible pulse counter from overflow (GB 1372789, publication date 11/06/1974).

At the output of the threshold frequency generator, a frequency value is set corresponding to the threshold value of the radiation parameter, above which the control signal is generated by the current value of the radiation parameter ARCP.

The dependence of the time of receipt of the control signal on the ratio of the frequencies of the pulses from the output of the database and from the output of the threshold frequency generator when using a digital reversible pulse counter is determined by the following expression:

where Τ is the time of receipt of the control signal at the output of the ARCT,

N is the capacity of the pulse counter,

f ₁ - pulse frequency at the output of the database from the source of radiation,

f ₂ is the frequency of the pulses from the threshold frequency generator.

As can be seen from expression (4), the closer the values of the frequency of the pulses f ₁ and f ₂ , the greater the value of the time it takes to generate a control signal. Consequently, for frequency signals comparable with each other, the time required to obtain an output control signal is unacceptably high, which does not meet one of the basic requirements for control units, as a result of which such equipment cannot be used in radiation hazardous facilities such as , for example, nuclear power plants.

Thus, the main drawback of the closest analogue due to the use of a digital reversible pulse counter is the significant amount of time the equipment reacts when the intensity of ionizing radiation exceeds a threshold level (i.e., the time it takes to output a control signal to the relay from the moment the frequency output exceeds the threshold frequency) in the case of close values of the frequencies from the output of the database and the threshold frequency, which does not provide high safety of the radiation monitoring object.

Disclosure of invention

The technical problem of the claimed invention is the need to overcome the technical shortcomings inherent in analogues, which leads to the need to create effective radiation control equipment for the technological process (ARCT) that generates a control signal when the measured value of the radiation parameter exceeds that established by the design documentation for the controlled object necessary to control the process , threshold value, during the operation of which are not used e processor that eliminates the possibility of hang-up of software and implementation provides the control function for the optimum reaction time ARKTI the accident set in accordance with the specifications of the design documentation for the controlled object. Also a technical problem is the lack of a simple threshold circuit in the well-known analogs of the ARCT, built without the use of programmable elements, the creation of which is not time-consuming and which makes it possible to set the threshold value in the entire range of possible changes in the radiation parameter, in a range well above four decimal orders.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the safety of the technological process by simultaneously increasing the speed of response to an accident and the reliability of radiation monitoring equipment.

The technical result of the claimed invention is achieved due to the equipment of the radiation control of the technological process (ARCT), containing a detection unit (1) (hereinafter referred to as DB), converting the radiation parameter acting on it into a frequency signal, and a threshold control unit (2) (hereinafter referred to as BCU) the operating mode of the actuator or technological equipment necessary for the implementation of the technological process, connected to the output of the database (1). БУП (2) includes a threshold node (3) (hereinafter - UP) with a node for determining its malfunction (4) (hereinafter - UON UP) and a node (5) for determining a malfunction of the database (1) and / or communication cable between the database ( 1) and BUP (2) (hereinafter referred to as UON DB).

UP (4) contains:

- input digital pulse counter (8);

a clock generator (9), configured to generate a frequency pulse signal,

- a frequency divider (10), the input of which is connected to the output of the clock generator (9), configured to adjust and set the frequency value of the signal from the output of the clock generator (9);

- a timer digital pulse counter (11), the input of which is connected to the output of the frequency divider (10), and the output is connected to the reset input of the input digital pulse counter (8);

- threshold RS-flip-flop (12), whose input R is connected to the output of the input digital pulse counter (8) and to the reset input of the timer digital pulse counter (11), input S is connected to the reset input of the input digital pulse counter (8) and to the timer output digital pulse counter (11). The threshold RS-trigger (12) is configured to generate a control signal when the value of the input frequency signal from the output of the database (1) to the input of the control unit (2) exceeds the threshold frequency.

UON UP (4) contains:

- the first, second, third and fourth logical circuits AND ₁ (13), AND ₂ (14), AND ₃ (15), AND ₄ (16), respectively;

- OR logic circuit (17), the first and second inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the first and third logical circuits AND ₁ (13), AND ₃ (15), respectively, and the output is connected to the input of the input digital pulse counter (8);

- the first logic circuit of the inverter HE ₁ (18), the output of which is connected to the second input of the third logic circuit And ₃ (15);

- the second and third logic circuits of inverters NOT ₂ (19), NOT ₃ (20), respectively;

- recalculation scheme Π ₁ (21) UON UP (4);

- a decoder (22), the input of which is connected to the output of the conversion circuit Π ₁ (21) UON UP (4), and the output - with the input of the third logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₃ (20), the second input of the fourth logic circuit And ₄ (16), the second input of the first logic circuit And ₁ (13) and the input of the first logic circuit of the inverter HE ₁ (18);

- a frequency divider (23) UON UP (4), the output of which is connected to the input of the mentioned conversion circuit Π ₁ (21), and the input is connected to the output of the clock generator (9), which also connects the first input of the third logic circuit And ₃ ( fifteen). Moreover, the frequency divider (23) is configured to adjust and set the frequency value of the signal coming from the output of the clock frequency generator (9).

The first input of the first logic circuit And ₁ (13) is connected to the output of the database (1). The output of the second logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₂ (19) is connected to the second input of the second logic circuit And ₂ (14), the output of which is the diagnostic output of the control unit (2). The output of the threshold RS-flip-flop (12) is connected to the first input of the fourth logic circuit AND ₄ (16), the output of which is the control output of the control unit (2), and to the input of the second logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₂ (19). The output of the third logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₃ (20) is connected to the first input of the second logic circuit And ₂ (14). The timer digital pulse counter (11) is configured to set its capacity so that the time of its full filling with a given error is equal to the time of full filling of the input digital pulse counter (8) when it comes to the input from the output of the database (1) through the first logic circuit And ₁ (13) and the OR logic circuit (17) of the frequency signal with a pulse frequency corresponding to the threshold value of the signal and with a given error equal to the threshold frequency. Serially connected frequency divider (23), conversion circuit Π ₁ (21) and decoder (22) are made with the possibility of periodic automatic diagnostics of UE (3) operability and setting a time period for its implementation. The second logic circuit And ₂ (14) is made with the possibility of generating a status signal about the presence of a failure of the unitary enterprise (3) according to the results of diagnostics of its operability. The logic circuit And ₄ (16) is made with the possibility of generating, in the case of operability of the control unit (3) and when exceeding the input frequency signal of the threshold frequency, the output control signal intended for transmission to the actuator or to the technological equipment to reduce the value of the radiation parameter to standard value for either a warning signal or for changing the operating mode of the actuator or technological equipment in accordance with a given technological pro essom.

UON database (5), which is part of the BUP (2), contains:

- its frequency divider (24), the input of which is connected to the output of the clock generator (9), configured to adjust and set the frequency value of the signal coming from the output of the clock generator (9),

- its conversion circuit P ₂ (25), the input of which is connected to the output of the frequency divider (24) and the reset input of which is connected to the output of the database (1);

- its own RS-flip-flop (26), the input S of which is connected to the output of the conversion circuit P ₂ (25) UON database (5), the input R is connected to the output of the database (1), and the output is a diagnostic output of the ECU (2).

The recalculation circuit P ₂ (25) and the frequency divider (24) connected to it are configured to set a time interval after which the RS flip-flop (26) generates a status signal indicating the absence of a frequency signal at the input of the control unit (3) (and, therefore, at the input of the input digital pulse counter (8)), if at least one pulse does not arrive at the R-input of the RS-trigger (26) during this time interval, which indicates a malfunction of the database (1) and / or communication cable between the database (1 ) and BUP (2). This status of the RS flip-flop (26) of the UD DB (5) will be maintained until at least one pulse arrives at its input R, after which the state of the RS-flip-flop (26) of the UON DB (5) changes to the status “DB (1) is working "And / or" the communication cable between the database (1) and the control unit (2) is working. "

Under the actuator or technological equipment in the claimed invention should be understood any mechanism or any equipment that can be directed control action to organize the implementation of the necessary process in accordance with the algorithms laid down in the design documentation. In particular, the following mechanisms can be used as actuators that can be controlled by ARCT: automatic valves, valves and gate valves, blowers, relays, sound and sound equipment, motors, ventilation equipment, various electronic equipment, or any other actuator. As the technological equipment, any technological equipment can be used (both radiation and non-radiation), for example, a steam generator, heat exchangers, ventilation systems, ventilation pipe, waste pipe, technological circuits and tanks for various purposes, control tanks, engines, generators, etc. etc., as well as light-sound signaling devices installed, for example, in passageways to warehouses, train stations or in rooms with medical equipment (x-ray machines, radiotherapeutic units s). ARCT can be used both in radiation hazardous facilities, and can be more widely used in any industrial facilities where automated process control systems can be used based on sensor signals that convert the radiation parameters affecting them into frequency pulsed signals.

The principle of operation of the database is based on the conversion of the energy of ionizing radiation into electrical impulses.

Registration of a radiation parameter (for example, dose rate value) and its conversion into a frequency pulse signal using a DB (1), carried out using the invention, has a number of features that are associated with the fact that the DB (1) converts the radiation parameter into a frequency pulse signal with some error inherent in it, in addition, the radiation parameter, even if there are no reasons for its change in time, fluctuates with some scatter around the average value. As a result, the current value of the radiation parameter acting on the database (1) does not correspond to the current value of the frequency of the pulse signal at the output of the database (1), but the pulse frequency averaged over a certain time interval, which is determined by assigning the accumulated number of pulses using digital or analog counters pulses to the accumulation time interval (averaging).

In the claimed ARCT, digital counters are used as the input and timer pulse counters, because, as explained earlier, they provide a wider measuring range than analog meters of the average pulse repetition rate, in which the measuring range is only no more than three decimal orders , which is determined by the accumulation of an electric charge on the RC chains to an equilibrium value corresponding to the average value of the frequency pulse signal supplied to the input of the ARCT BUP. In addition, the digital pulse counter has another significant advantage over analog, because it has a very high speed, which allows it to register high-frequency pulse signals without significant miscalculations, and a digital counter (made, for example, based on a logic matrix) has practically no limited capacity, which allows the accumulation of pulses with a frequency of more than 6 decimal orders and set accumulation time in a wide range from units of seconds to thousands of seconds, which is enough to solve any tasks of monitoring and control of technological processes. Also, as previously explained, the digital pulse counter, compared with the analog counter, provides at least 2 times less time to determine the average pulse frequency.

By simultaneously connecting the input digital pulse counter and timer digital pulse counter to different inputs of the threshold RS-flip-flop (12) and to the reset inputs of each other, it is possible to quickly determine the presence or absence of an excess of the pulse frequency of the input signal of a given threshold frequency and the operative output of a control signal from ARCT to actuators or technological equipment that launch the security systems of the controlled facility or process Skog equipment, including at values close or equal to the frequency at the output of DB and clock. Those. the time for generating a control signal that starts the security systems of a controlled technological process, when using the claimed ARCT, unlike the closest analogue, where the equipment contains a reversible digital pulse counter, is minimal for all possible cases of an emergency.

This property of the claimed ARCT is especially important when used in safety management systems, as in such systems, one of the most important requirements for an ARCT generating a control signal is the requirement to provide a specified time for generating a control signal (response time to an emergency) when the current value of the radiation parameter exceeds a threshold value. The response time of the ARCT generating the control signal should the emergency conditions not exceed a certain value specified in the design documentation, taking into account the flow of technological processes in a controlled facility or in technological equipment, so as not to provoke an accident. This value of time is the most important parameter of the ARCT and directly affects the safety of the controlled object or the implementation of the process.

From the above it follows that the claimed ARKT provides a significant reduction in the time it takes to generate a control signal that starts the security systems of the controlled technological facility (actuator or technological equipment) or necessary for the implementation of the technological process in accordance with a given algorithm in case of emergency conditions, and thereby provides improving the safety of the process.

Thus, in the claimed invention due to the formation and generation of a control signal when the radiation parameter exceeds the set threshold value for the minimum reaction time (reaction time of the claimed equipment to an accident) that meets the technical requirements specified in the design documentation, in a wide range of changes in the radiation parameter ( from a threshold value and above) provides increased security of the controlled process.

In addition, due to the use of only elements of "hard" logic, i.e. due to the lack of the use of programmable processors in it, it is provided:

- the complete exclusion of the possibility of an abnormal stop of the operation of the ARCT when the software “freezes”, which leads to an increase in the reliability of the operation of the ARCT during the formation and generation of the control signal at the output of the ACS BUP (2) and, accordingly, to increase the safety of the controlled object or technological equipment, to process safety;

- the ability to set such tuning parameters in the control unit (3), as: passport sensitivity values and the "dead" time of the database (1), as well as the value of the threshold setting (with the possibility of setting it over the entire range of the radiation parameter) and the time of measurement and development of the control signal, which is achieved by optimal selection of the type of clock generator with a certain value of the output frequency (usually a quartz frequency generator with an output frequency of several hundred thousand Hz is selected.) in combination with setting a certain value of the divisor division coefficient using the regulating elements and capacities of the input and timer digital pulse counters, the capacitance of which can be set over a wide range due to, for example, the use of binary elements of the logic matrix, which also extends the functionality of the ARCT and increases its operational characteristics beyond due to the possibility of operational adaptation of the control function of the ARCT, i.e. the ability to quickly change the value of the frequency of the pulses supplied to the input of the timer pulse counter, and the capacities of the input and timer digital pulse counters when changing the design requirements for the threshold setting and / or time for measuring and generating a control signal, as well as when replacing a failed DB during repair work in good condition with excellent metrological parameters.

Thus, in the claimed invention, by simultaneously connecting the input and timer digital pulse counters, executed on the elements of "hard" logic without the use of programmable processors, to different inputs of the threshold RS-trigger (12) and to the reset inputs of each other, the process safety is improved , improving the reliability and operational characteristics of the ARCT.

Due to the presence of UON UP (4) as part of the ARCT, it is possible to periodically conduct automatic diagnostics of malfunctions of UE (3) BUP (2), which is carried out to identify its possible malfunction in the absence of an emergency situation, when there is no fixation by the threshold RS-trigger (12) of excess threshold value. Such a technical solution leads to an additional increase in the reliability of the ARCT and the safety of the technological process, the monitored facility and technological equipment due to the possibility of prompt response to the malfunction of the elements of the declared ARCT and the possibility of timely elimination of the UE malfunction (3), which is achieved using a chain of series-connected frequency divider ( 23) UP vOH, scaling circuit _P1 (21) vOH UE (4) and a decoder (22) comprising the PCB (2), which provide conducted e periodic automatic diagnosis UE operability (3) and setting the time period for its performance by blocking by logic AND circuits ₁ (13) and OR (17), a frequency signal entering the input of the input digital counter (8) from the database (1), simultaneously supplying a frequency signal from the output of the clock generator (9) to the input of the input digital counter (8) using the first logic circuit of the inverter HE ₁ (18) and the logic circuits AND ₃ (15) and OR (17), blocking using the logic circuit And ₄ (16) the passage of the control signal from the output a horn trigger for the control output of the control unit, generating a status signal about the failure of the control unit (3) at the diagnostic output of the control unit (2) using the logic circuit I ₂ (14), the third logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₃ (20) and the logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₂ (19 ) in the absence of a control signal at the output of the threshold trigger during automatic diagnostics of UE (3).

Also, due to the possibility of periodic automatic diagnostics of a DB (1) malfunction and / or a communication cable between the DB (1) and the BUP (2), carried out for the prompt detection of its possible malfunction and its timely elimination provided by the UD of the DB (5) located in As a part of BUP (2) ARCT, an increase in the safety of the controlled technological process, facility and technological equipment, a significant increase in the reliability and operational characteristics of the ARCT are achieved.

In the particular case of the invention, the database (1) can be placed in lead protection to protect it from the effects of an external background.

In the particular case of the invention, the clock frequency generator (9) UP (3) BUP (2) can be configured to generate a signal with a pulse frequency corresponding to a threshold value of the radiation parameter and with a given error equal to the threshold frequency, and the capacity of the timer pulse counter (11 ) may be equal to the capacity of the digital pulse counter (8).

UE (4) may contain a control relay, the input of which is connected to the output of the fourth logical circuit And ₄ (16), configured to be triggered when the fourth logic circuit And ₄ (16) receives a signal from the output of the threshold RS-trigger (12) entering its input R from the output of the input digital counter (8).

UON UP (4) may contain a status relay, the input of which is connected to the output of the second logic circuit And ₂ (14), made with the possibility of operation if during the periodic automatic diagnosis of health BUP (2) there is no signal at the input of the third logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₃ (20) from the output of the decoder (22) with the simultaneous absence of a signal from the output of the threshold RS-trigger (12) to the input of the second logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₂ (19), which indicates a malfunction of the control unit (3).

UON database (5) may additionally contain a status relay, the input of which is connected to the output of the RS-trigger (26) UON database (5) and which is configured to be triggered when it receives a status signal from the output of the RS-trigger (26) UON database ( 5) the absence of a frequency signal at the input of an input digital pulse counter (8).

ARCT can be used to control the tightness of technological equipment (for example, steam generators, heat exchangers) or to participate in process control (for example, to control the tightness of steam generators, to clean the radioactive medium using evaporators or ion-exchange filters) or to control the non-proliferation of radioactive substances through passage and transport gates at industrial facilities or the control of the unauthorized transfer of radioactive sources at the entrances and exits of medical x rooms where radioactive sources are used - tomographs, x-ray machines, PET centers, etc., as well as at the entrances and exits of stations, warehouses.

The converted DB (1) radiation parameter can be, for example, at least one parameter from the following group: dose rate of photon radiation (e.g., gamma radiation), activity of a substance, surface activity, volumetric or specific activity of a medium, flux density or flux ionizing particles or a stream of ionizing radiation, for example, gamma radiation. In such databases, scintillation, gas-discharge, or semiconductor detectors are used to convert the energy of photon radiation into a frequency pulse signal.

The ECU may additionally contain an electric power unit (hereinafter - PSU (7)) connected to the electronic elements of the unitary enterprise (3) for their electric power supply and / or to the DB (1) to ensure its power supply.

UON database (5) may contain its own separate clock generator (G ₂ , not shown in the figures), configured to generate a frequency signal, and the input of the recalculation circuit P ₂ (25) can be connected to the output of the clock frequency generator (G ₂ ) WON OBD.

In this case, the clock frequency generator (G ₂ ) UON DB (5) can be configured to generate a frequency signal and set a given pulse frequency, either together with or without a frequency divider D ₂ (24) UON DB (5) (such an ARCT is not the subject of the present invention).

Description of drawings

The claimed invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict the following:

in FIG. 1 is a general block diagram of the ARCT,

in FIG. 2 is a detailed block diagram of an ARCT.

The positions in the figures indicated:

1 - database

2 - BUP,

3 - UP

4 - UON UP,

5 - UON DB,

6 - a) BUP control output, b) - BUP diagnostic output, c) BUP diagnostic output,

7-BP

8 - input digital pulse counter,

9 - clock generator (G),

10 - frequency divider (D ₁ ) UP (3),

11 - timer digital pulse counter,

12 - threshold RS-trigger (T ₁ ),

13 - the first logical circuit And ₁ ,

14 - the second logical circuit And ₂ ,

15 - the third logical circuit And ₃ ,

16 - the fourth logical circuit And ₄ ,

17 is a logic diagram OR,

18 - the first logic circuit of the inverter is NOT ₁ ,

19 - the second logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₂ ,

20 - the third logical circuit is NOT ₃ ,

21 is a conversion diagram (P ₁ ) of the unit for determining the malfunction of the unitary enterprise (UON UP),

22 - decoder,

23 - frequency divider (D ₃ ) UON UP (4).

24 - frequency divider (D ₂ ) UON DB (5),

25 - recalculation scheme (P ₂ ) UON DB (5),

26 - RS-trigger (T ₂ ) UON DB (5).

ARCT (see Fig. 1) contains a series-connected database (1) and BUP (2). BUP (2) contains UP (3) with UON UP (4) and UON DB (5). UP (3) is connected to BP (7). The control unit (2) contains a control output (6a) and diagnostic outputs (6b) and (6c).

UE (3) contains an input digital pulse counter (8), as well as a clock frequency generator G (9) and a frequency divider D ₁ (10), connected in series with each other, a timer digital pulse counter (11), the input of which is connected to the output frequency divider D ₁ (10), and the output is connected to the reset input of the input digital pulse counter (8), and the threshold RS-trigger Τ ₁ (12), configured to generate a signal about exceeding the threshold, the input R of which is connected to the output of the digital input pulse counter (8) and timer digital reset input ovogo pulse counter (11), and the S input is connected to the reset input of the input digital pulse counter (8) and the output of the digital pulse counter timer (11).

UON UP (4) contains the first, second, third and fourth logic circuits AND ₁ (13), AND ₂ (14), AND ₃ (15), AND ₄ (16) respectively, the logic circuit OR (17), inputs 1 and 2 of which are connected to the outputs of the first and third logic circuits AND ₁ (13), AND ₃ (14), respectively, and the output is connected to the input of the input digital pulse counter (8), as well as the first logic circuit of the inverter HE ₁ (18), the output of which connected to the second input of the third logic circuit And ₃ (15), the second and third logic circuits of inverters NOT ₂ (19), NOT ₃ (20), respectively, the conversion circuit Π ₁ (21) UON UP, the decoder (2 2), the input of which is connected to the output of the conversion circuit Π ₁ (21) UON UP, and the output is connected to the second input of the fourth logic circuit AND ₄ (16), the input of the third logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₃ (20), the second input of the first logic circuit And ₁ (13), the input of the first logic circuit of the inverter HE ₁ (18); and a frequency divider D ₃ (23) UON UP, the output of which is connected to the input of the conversion circuit Π ₁ (21) UON UP, and the input is connected to the output of the clock generator (9), to which the first input of the third logic circuit And ₃ is connected (15 )

In this case, the first logical circuit And ₁ (13) is connected at the first input to the output of the database (1). The output of the second logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₂ (19) is connected to the second input of the second logic circuit And ₂ (14), the output of which is the diagnostic output of the control unit (2).

The output of the threshold RS-flip-flop (12) is connected to the first input of the fourth logic circuit AND ₄ (16), the output of which is the control output of the control unit (2), and to the input of the second logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₂ (19). The output of the third logic circuit NOT ₃ (20) is connected to the first input of the second logic circuit And ₂ (14).

At the output of the control unit (2), a relay P ₁ can be installed (not shown in the drawing).

The UON database unit (5) contains a frequency divider D ₂ (24), the input of which is connected to the output of the clock frequency generator G (9), a conversion circuit P ₂ (25), the input of which is connected to the output of the frequency divider D ₂ (24) UON database (5), RS-flip-flop T ₂ (26) UON DB (5) (flaw trigger DB (1) and / or cable), input S of which is connected to the output of the conversion circuit P ₂ (25) UON DB (5), and input R - with the output of the database (1).

The implementation of the invention

The capacity of the input digital pulse counter (8) was chosen so that the time at which it is completely filled with pulses arriving at its input from the output of the database (1) with an average repetition rate corresponding to the threshold value of the monitored radiation parameter was equal to or less the values of the control signal generation time when the controlled radiation parameter reaches the threshold level established in accordance with the requirements of the design documentation.

The capacity of the timer digital pulse counter (11) was chosen so that the time of its full filling with the pulses arriving at its input was equal (with an error not exceeding the error of measuring the value of the controlled radiation parameter) the time of the full filling of the input digital counter (8) with pulses coming to its input from the output of the database (1), with an average repetition rate corresponding to the threshold value of the monitored radiation parameter. In the particular case, the capacity of the timer digital pulse counter (11) and the frequency of the pulses generated by the generator G (9) and the divider D ₁ (10) and supplied to its input can be set equal to the capacities of the input digital pulse counter (8) and pulse frequency, respectively received at the input of a digital pulse counter (8) from the output of the database (1), with an average repetition rate corresponding to the threshold value of the monitored radiation parameter.

Declared ARCT works as follows.

The database (1) was placed, in accordance with the design documentation, near the controlled object, which was the current or potential source of the changing dose rate of gamma radiation, or in the room or in the external space in which there was or was the possibility of exposure to the database (1) gamma radiation. The DB (1) was connected to the database (1).

The frequency signal from the output of the database (1), generated by it when converting the controlled value of the dose rate acting on it, was transmitted to the input of the control unit.

The control output of the control unit is connected to equipment or an actuator in which it is necessary to produce a control action in order to organize the implementation of the process in accordance with the algorithms laid down in the design documentation.

The development of the control signal during operation of the claimed ARCT was carried out as follows.

DB (1) converts the radiation parameter acting on it into a frequency pulse signal. The pulses from the output of the database (1) through the first logic circuit And ₁ (13) and the logic circuit OR (18) were continuously fed to the input of a digital pulse counter (8) UP (3) BUP. When the input digital pulse counter (8) was filled, a pulse was supplied from it to the R input of the threshold RS-flip-flop (12) and to the input the reset of the timer digital pulse counter (11). At the same time, pulses from a clock generator (9), the repetition rate of which was regulated using a frequency divider D ₁ (10) and was set equal to the threshold frequency, were continuously fed to the input of a timer digital pulse counter (11). When filling the timer digital pulse counter (11), the pulse from it was fed to the S input of the threshold RS-trigger (12) and to the input reset the input digital pulse counter (8). The threshold RS-flip-flop (12) during operation was set to a particular state, depending on which input the first overflow pulse arrived. If the overflow pulse came first from the timer digital pulse counter (11) to the S input of the threshold RS-trigger (12) and to the input reset the input digital pulse counter (8), then this meant that the frequency of the pulses coming from the output of the database (1) the input digital pulse counter (8) was less than the threshold frequency. In this case, the threshold level was not exceeded, the control signal was not generated, and the threshold RS-trigger (12) was set at input S. In this case, the input (8) and timer (11) digital pulse counters were reset to the initial zero state, and new measurement cycle. If the overflow pulse from the input digital pulse counter (8) first appeared, then this meant that the frequency of pulses coming from the DB output (1) to the input of the digital pulse counter (8) was higher than the set threshold pulse frequency. In this case, the threshold RS-pulse trigger (12) was set at the input R, which indicated that the current value of the monitored dose rate of gamma radiation exceeded the threshold level, and a control signal was generated that was fed to the first input of the And ₄ logic element (16) and further from its output to the control output of unitary enterprise (3). A control signal appeared at the control output of the control unit (3). At the same time, the timer (11) and input (8) digital pulse counters were reset to the initial zero state, and a new measurement cycle began.

As an example, we consider an embodiment of the ARKT BUP with the following parameters:

- T _p - the time of generating the control signal when the gamma radiation dose rate reaches the threshold level, set in accordance with the requirements of the design documentation (reaction time of the control unit), s;

- F _p - frequency at the output of the database (1), numerically equal to the threshold frequency generated by the database (1) when the gamma radiation dose rate reaches the threshold value set in the design documentation, when it is reached, a control signal is generated, s ^-1 ;

- N _I - the capacity (in pulses) of the input pulse counter, which can be calculated from the ratio N _I = F _p T _p ;

- Ν _t is the capacity of the timer pulse counter (11) (in pulses), to the input of which from the clock frequency generator G ₁ (9), a frequency pulse signal is supplied through the divider D ₁ (10), the frequency of which is accurate to an error not exceeding the error measuring the dose rate equal to the threshold frequency F _p , s ^-1 ;

- To _p - the conversion factor of the divider D ₁ (10), at which the frequency supplied to the input of the divider D ₁ (10) from the output of the clock frequency generator G (9) is closest to the threshold frequency Fп, which can be calculated by the following formula :

where F _g is the frequency from the output of the clock generator Γ ₁ (9), s ^-1 .

The capacity of the timer counter Ν _t up to an error not exceeding the measurement error of the radiation parameter, is chosen equal to the capacity of the input counter Ν _I :

where Δ is the error in measuring the dose rate using the database (1), rel. units;

The value of the threshold frequency F _p can be calculated in two ways:

- from the ratio:

Where:

R _p - the threshold value of the radiation parameter, when exposed to the database (1) PMU, should develop a control signal;

S _DB - the sensitivity of the database (1) to the radiation parameter;

F _f - background frequency at the output of the database (1), s- ¹ ;

T _m - the value of dead time for the database (1), s,

- or from the ratio:

Where:

F is the frequency at the output of the database (1) with simultaneous exposure to the background and dose of gamma radiation, the power of which is equal to the threshold value of R _p .

Carrying out automatic diagnostics of UE (3) BUP (2) during the operation of the ARCT was carried out as follows.

There may be no signal at the control output of the control unit for several reasons:

- if the value of the radiation parameter acting on the database (1) is less than the sensitivity threshold of the database (1);

- if the value of the radiation parameter acting on the database (1) is less than the threshold value;

- if the control unit (3) is malfunctioning.

Since the absence of a signal at the control output of the control unit, as noted earlier, can be a consequence of several reasons, including the operation of the control unit (3), the faulty operation of the control unit (3) is a hidden defect and cannot be detected without a special check of operability UP (3).

To identify the malfunctioning unitary enterprise (3), automatic diagnostics of its serviceability is used.

Automatic diagnostics of serviceability of UE (3) was carried out by UON UE (4), in which periodically through the time interval Td (in seconds) specified by the clock frequency generator G (9), from the output of the clock frequency generator G (9) to the input of the recalculation circuit Π ₁ (21) UON UP through a frequency divider D ₃ (23) UON UP pulses were received, the repetition rate of which was regulated using a frequency divider D ₃ (23) UON UP (4).

The values of the division coefficient Cd of the divider D ₃ (23) UON UP and the capacitance Nd, recalculation circuit Π ₁ (21) (made on the basis of a pulse counter) UON UP, at which the required period Td of automatic diagnostics of the health of UE (3) is reached, it is possible to determine from the following relation:

where F _g is the frequency from the output of the clock generator Γ ₁ (9), s ^-1 .

In the initial position at the output of the decoder (22) there was a potential (logical unit). From the output of the clock generator G (9) through the divider D ₃ (23) UON UP to the input of the conversion circuit Π ₁ (21) UON UP, pulses were continuously received. After the time interval Тd, the recalculation circuit Π ₁ (21) of UON UP was completely filled, after which a pulse of short duration (~ 3 s) was input to the decoder input (22), which during its passage reset the potential at the decoder output ( 22) (logical unit) to zero (logical zero). After the passage of the aforementioned pulse, the conversion circuit Π ₁ (21) of the UON UP was reset to its initial position (zeroed), after which the output potential of the decoder (22) (logical unit) was restored and the cycle of periodic automatic diagnostics began again.

Since there was a potential (logical unit) in the initial position at the output of the decoder (22), this created AND ₁ (13) at the second input of the logic circuit, at the input of the first inverter logic circuit HE ₁ (18), at the input of the third logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₃ (20) and at the second input of the AND ₄ (16) logic circuit there is also a potential (logical unit), as a result of which at the output of the first logic circuit of the inverter HE ₁ (18) and the third logic circuit of the inverter HE ₃ (20) there was a zero potential (logical zero). The presence of a zero potential (logical zero) at the output of the first logic circuit of the inverter HE ₁ (18) ensured the blocking of the third logic circuit And ₃ (15) and, therefore, the passage of the frequency signal from the output of the clock generator G (9) to the output of the circuit And ₃ (15), while the frequency signal from the output of the database (1) freely passed to the output of the first logic circuit And ₁ (13) and then went to the first input of the logic circuit OR (17).

Then, when the UON-UP unit is operating correctly, the frequency signal from the output of the database (1) was fed through the first input of the OR circuit (17) to the input of the pulse counter (8). If the control unit (3) worked properly, then when the radiation parameter exceeded the threshold value at the output of the input pulse counter (8), a control signal (logical unit) was formed, as a result of which the output of the RS-trigger Τ ₁ (12) to the first input of the fourth logic circuit And ₄ (16) and the input of the second logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₂ (19) received the potential (logical unit). As a result, the logical zero signal appeared at the output of the inverter logic circuit NOT ₂ (19). Since at the second input of the fourth logic circuit AND ₄ (16) there was a potential (logical unit) generated by the decoder (22), and at the output of the third logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₃ (20) and, accordingly, at the first input of the second logic circuit And ₂ (14) there was a logical zero signal, then, accordingly, the output of the fourth logical circuit And ₄ (16) appeared control signal exceeding the threshold setting, and the second logical circuit And ₂ (14) remained in its original position i.e. at its output, there was no indication of the state of malfunctioning UON UP.

When the control unit (3) worked correctly, but the radiation parameter did not exceed the threshold value, then at the output of the input pulse counter (8) a control signal (logical unit) was not formed, as a result of which the signal remained unchanged at the output of the RS-trigger Т ₁ (12) logical zero, which acted on the first input of the fourth logical circuit AND ₄ (16) and on the input of the second logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₂ (19). As a result, the logic unit signal remained unchanged at the output of the inverter logic circuit NOT ₂ (19). Since at the second input of the fourth logic circuit AND ₄ (16) there was a potential (logical unit) generated by the decoder (22), and at the output of the third logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₃ (20) and, accordingly, at the first input of the second logic circuit And ₂ ( 14) there was a logical zero signal, then the states of the fourth logical circuit And ₄ (16) and the second logical circuit And ₂ (14) remained unchanged, i.e. there were no signs, respectively, of exceeding the threshold setting at the output of the AND ₄ (16) logic circuit and the state of malfunctioning of the UON UP.

From time to time, through the time interval Td, automatic diagnostics of the operation of the UE (3) was carried out by forming a short pulse in duration, which, as noted above, during its passage, reset the potential at the output of the decoder (22) (logical unit) to zero, forming a signal ( logic zero), leading respectively to the appearance at the input of the third inverter logic NOT circuit ₃ (20), the second input of the first aND circuit ₁ (13), at the first logic inverter circuit ₁ HE (18) and the second fourth input th AND gate ₄ (16) as a logic zero. As a result, the AND ₁ logic circuit (13) blocked the passage of the frequency signal from the database (1), and the HE ₁ inverter logic circuit (18), the I ₃ logic circuit (14), and the OR logic circuit (17) provided the output of the frequency pulse signal from the output clock generator G (9) to the input of the input pulse counter (8). If the UE (3) worked properly, then, since the frequency of the pulse signal from the output of the clock frequency generator G (9) is many times higher than the threshold frequency, during the correct operation of the UON UE, the signal (logical unit) appeared at the output of the RS-trigger T ₁ (12), which from its output went to the first input of the AND ₄ logic circuit (16) and to the input of the second logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₂ (19). As a result, a logical zero signal was generated at the output of the inverter logic circuit NOT ₂ (19) and, accordingly, at the second input of the second logic circuit And ₂ (14). Since the second input of the fourth logical circuit AND ₄ (16) had a potential (logical zero) generated by the decoder (22), and its first input had a logical unit, then the state of the logic circuit And ₄ (16) changes during the UE diagnostics (3 ) was blocked, i.e. there was no sign of exceeding the threshold setting at the output of AND ₄ (16).

Moreover, since a logical zero signal was generated at the input of the third logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₃ (20) for the duration of the pulse, generated by the decoder (22), then the output of the logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₃ (20) and, accordingly, at the first input of the second logic circuit And ₂ (14) a logical unit signal was formed. Since the logical zero signal is generated at the first input of the AND ₂ (14) logic circuit, and the logic one is at the second input, the state of the second And ₂ (14) logic circuit, the output of which is the diagnostic output of the PCB, remained unchanged, i.e. there was no indication of the malfunctioning state of the UON UP.

If there was a malfunction in the UON UP operation, then the frequency signal from the output of the clock generator G (9) did not cause the RS-trigger Τ ₁ (12) to trip, and from its output to the first input of the logic circuit And ₄ (16) and to the input of the second the logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₂ (19) did not receive a signal, which is equivalent to the presence of a logical zero at these inputs. Since the logical zero signal generated by the decoder (22) was also generated at the second input of the AND ₄ (16) logic circuit, the change in the state of the And ₄ (16) logic circuit during the UE (3) diagnostics was blocked, i.e. there was no sign of exceeding the threshold setting at the output of AND ₄ (16).

Since the signals of logical zeros were generated at the inputs of the logic circuits of the inverters NOT ₂ (19) and NOT ₃ (20) for the duration of the diagnostics of the control unit (3), signals of logical units were generated at their outputs, which were received respectively at the first and second inputs of the logic circuit And ₂ (14), thus forming a diagnostic signal of the status of malfunctioning UON UP

Thus, the above process of automatic diagnosis of health UON UP was carried out periodically at time intervals TD.

Automatic diagnosis of a fault in the database and / or communication cable between the database and the BUP occurs as follows.

The frequency pulse signal coming from the output of the database (1) is due to the action of the background signal and the controlled radiation parameter. Thus, even in the absence of the influence of a controlled radiation parameter, a working database (1) continuously generated frequency pulsed signals due to the background effect at the location of the database (1). The pulses from the output of the database (1) constantly reset the RS-trigger (12) at the input R and the conversion circuit P ₂ (25) UON database in the zero state. In the event of a communication cable malfunction between the OBD (1) and the ECU (2) or the OBD malfunction (1), no pulses from the DB output (1) came through the cable connecting the OBD (1) and the ECU (2), and the circuit reset P _{2 was} reset (25) the unit for determining the malfunction of the database (1) did not occur, therefore, it began to count the pulses from the clock generator (9). The pulse repetition rate supplied to the input of the conversion circuit P ₂ (25) UON DB (5) from the clock generator (9) was regulated using the divider D ₂ (24). The overflow pulse at the output of the recalculation circuit P ₂ (25) set the RS-flip-flop (26) to a single state, which indicated that the pulses to the input of the control unit were stopped. At the same time, at the output of the RS-flip-flop (26), which is the diagnostic output of the control unit, a status signal was generated about the failure of the database (1) and / or communication cable between the database (1) and the control unit.

The time interval T of the _database (s) for automatic diagnostics of the health of the database (1) and / or communication cable, after which the RS-trigger (26) of the UD database generates a status signal indicating the absence of a frequency signal at the input of the input digital pulse counter (6), if At least one pulse will not arrive at the R-input of the RS-flip-flop (26) for UON DB during this time interval, it is set by selecting the capacitance N of the _DB (in pulses), the conversion circuit P ₂ (25) and the division ratio K of the _{DB of} the frequency divider D ₂ (24).

The values of the division coefficient K _{DB of the} divider D ₂ (24) UON DB and capacity N _DB , recalculation scheme P ₂ (25) UON DB, at which the required period T _DB is reached for automatic diagnostics of the health of the DB (1) and / or communication cable, can be determine from the following ratio:

where F _g is the frequency from the output of the clock generator G (9), s ^-1 .

The overflow pulse at the output of the recalculation circuit P ₂ (25) sets the RS-trigger (26) to a single state, which indicates the cessation of pulses to the input of the PCB. At the same time, at the output of the RS-flip-flop (26), which is the diagnostic output of the control unit, a status signal is generated about the failure of the database (1) and / or communication cable between the database (1) and the control unit.

Specific implementation examples

Example 1

As an example, we consider the use of the claimed ARCT for monitoring leaks from the primary circuit to the steam generator of a nuclear power plant.

ARCT was used to measure the power of the absorbed dose of gamma radiation in the air (hereinafter referred to as the dose rate) from the controlled technological facilities of the NPP, to generate an initiating control signal when the threshold level (response set point) of the dose rate was exceeded in the NPP safety control systems.

The ARCT contains a BDMG-I100D gamma radiation dose rate detecting unit located in a lead shield with a collimator connected to a BUP.

Registration of gamma radiation by the BDMG-I100D unit is carried out using the Gamma-6 gas-discharge counter included in it.

A control unit containing a power supply unit provides a low-voltage power supply for its elements; processing pulse signals coming from the BDMG-I100D output; generating a control signal when the current dose rate exceeds a threshold value; measuring dose rate from controlled objects; automatic diagnostics of equipment operation; data transmission to information channel and conversion of the measured level of dose rate into a current signal in the range of 4-20 mA.

In accordance with the design documentation, for the construction of nuclear power plants, the BDMG-I100D blocks in lead shields with collimators were placed next to the corresponding steam pipelines of the steam generators so that the collimator was directed towards the steam pipeline. If the steam generator is tight, then the steam it generates does not contain radionuclides, and the BDMG-I100D unit only detects gamma radiation from an external background. During depressurization of the steam generator, the primary coolant containing radionuclides enters the boiler water of the steam generator, and then into the steam. Next, the steam passes into the steam line. Thus, the BDMG-I100D block, located next to the steam pipe of an unpressurized steam generator, will be affected simultaneously by gamma background and gamma radiation from radionuclides contained in the pair. The frequency pulse signal from the BDMG-I100D output, due to the influence of gamma radiation on it, is transmitted through the communication cable to the input of the BUP.

In the described case, the radiation parameter established by the design documentation is the absorbed dose rate of gamma radiation, expressed in units of “Gy / h”. The design documentation also determined the following parameters: a threshold level of absorbed dose rate equal to 1 μGy / h, and the response time of the ARCP (BCF) (time to generate a control signal) to an emergency when the current absorbed dose rate exceeds a threshold value of 1 μGy / h, equal to 7 s. If the current value of the absorbed dose rate r exceeds the threshold value, the ARCT (BUP) should give a control signal to the NPP control system to enable emergency protection of the reactor installation.

Thus, the following design data and technical data of the BDMG-I1000D block were taken into account when developing the ARCT:

- time to generate a control signal (reaction time) T _p = 7 s;

- threshold setting P _p = 1 μGy / h;

- sensitivity of the unit BDMG-I100D S _BD = 4.5 (imp / s) / (μGy / h);

- the average background signal of the unit BDMG-I100D F _f is 0.2 imp / s:

- dead time of the BDMG-I100D block T _m = 1.8⋅10 ^-5 s;

- accordingly, the threshold frequency Fп calculated according to the formula (7) will be: F _p = 4.5 imp / s;

- the basic error of the BDMG-I100D block Δ = 25% (0.25, in rel. units);

- the frequency at the output of the crystal oscillator clock frequency Fg = 337290 imp / s.

Then, using the formula (5) and (6) calculate the conversion factor K ₁ D _n divider (10) and the capacitance of the input _Rin and N Ν timer counter _T in pulses, the pulse counter (8), respectively:

- K _p = 74953;

- Ν _in = Ν _T = 31 (1 ± 0.25) imp.

The values of the division coefficient K _{d of the} divider D ₃ (23) UON UP and capacitance Ν _{d of the} recalculation circuit Π ₁ (21) UON UP, at which the required period T _d of periodic automatic diagnostics of the health of UON UP is achieved, are determined from relation (9). For practical purposes, the time T _d for automatic diagnostics is 6 hours, which is 21600 s. Then, if you select the division coefficient K _{d of the} divider D ₃ (23) UON UP equal to 10000, then the capacity N _{d of the} conversion circuit Π ₁ (21) UON UP will be equal to 728546 imp.

Similarly, the values of the division coefficient K _{DB of the} divider D ₂ (24) UON DB and the capacity of N _DB , the recalculation scheme P ₂ (25) UON DB, at which the necessary period T _DB is reached for automatic diagnostics of the health of the DB (1) and / or communication cable, can be determined from relation (10).

For practical purposes, there is enough time T _d for automatic diagnostics equal to 60 s. Then, if you select the division coefficient K of the _{DB of the} divider D ₂ (24) UON of the DB equal to 10000, then the capacity of the N _{DB of the} recalculation circuit P ₂ (25) of the UON of the DB will be equal to 2024 imp.

Example 2

To control the technological process, an ARCT was used, which ensures the generation of a control signal when the dose rate changes in the range from 0.85 × 10 ^-6 to 1.0 × 10 ^-3 Gy / h and registers gamma radiation in the energy range from 0.1 to 3 , 0 MeV.

ARCP provided the task of the threshold value of the dose rate of the output contact relay (operation settings) with a resolution of not more than ± 1.0% of the set value in the range from 0.85 × 10 ^-6 to 1.0 × 10 ^-3 Gy / h. The response time (reaction time) of the ARCT at a steady-state value of the dose rate at the level of the response setting of 0.85 × 10 ^-6 Gy / h does not exceed 10 s.

Reconfiguration of the set point of operation of the ARCT lay in the range from 0.85⋅10 ^-6 to 1.0⋅10 ^-3 Gy / h.

Thus, the claimed invention provides the ability to create an effective ARCT, designed to process the input frequency signals from the database; reliable and efficient generation of a control signal for the operation mode of the controlled object, technological equipment or process through the use of simultaneous connection of the input and timer digital pulse counters made on the elements of "hard" logic without the use of programmable processors, to different inputs of the threshold RS-trigger and to reset inputs each other, as well as due to the timely detection and elimination of failures in the work of the database and BUP due to the automatic diagnosis of the possible presence malfunctions of the database and / or communication cable and malfunctions of the control unit, and due to the diagnostics of the unitary enterprise, which ultimately provides increased safety for the controlled object, technological equipment or process and operational characteristics of the unit.

Claims (39)

1. Equipment for radiation monitoring of the technological process, characterized in that it contains a detecting unit (1) that converts the radiation parameter acting on it into a frequency signal, and a threshold control unit (2) for the operating mode of the actuator or technological equipment necessary for the technological process, connected to the output of the detection unit (1), where the threshold control unit (2) includes a threshold node (3), a node for determining its malfunction (4), and a node (5) for determining malfunction detection unit (1) and / or cable connection between the detection unit (1) and a threshold control unit (2), moreover, the threshold node (3) contains: input digital pulse counter (8); a clock generator (9), configured to generate a frequency pulse signal, and a frequency divider (10), the input of which is connected to the output of the clock generator (9), configured to adjust the frequency value of the signal from the clock generator (9); timer digital pulse counter (11), the input of which is connected to the output of the frequency divider (10), and the output is connected to the reset input of the input digital pulse counter (8); threshold RS-trigger (12), the input R of which is connected to the output of the input digital pulse counter (8) and the reset input of the timer digital pulse counter (11), the input S is connected to the reset input of the input digital pulse counter (8) and to the output of the timer digital a pulse counter (11), and the threshold RS-trigger (12) is configured to generate a control signal when the value of the input frequency signal from the output of the detection unit (1) to the input of the threshold control unit (2) exceeds the threshold frequency value; the node for determining the failure of the threshold node (4) contains: the first, second, third and fourth logical circuits AND ₁ (13), AND ₂ (14), AND ₃ (15), AND ₄ (16), respectively; OR logic circuit (17), the first and second inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the first and third logical circuits AND ₁ (13), AND ₃ (15), respectively, and the output is connected to the input of the input digital pulse counter (8); the first logic circuit of the inverter is NOT ₁ (18), the output of which is connected to the second input of the third logic circuit And ₃ (15); the second and third logic circuits of inverters NOT ₂ (19), NOT ₃ (20), respectively; recalculation scheme (21); a decoder (22), the input of which is connected to the output of the conversion circuit (21), and the output - to the input of the third logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₃ (20), the second input of the fourth logic circuit And ₄ (16), the second input of the first logic circuit And ₁ ( 13) and the input of the first logic circuit of the inverter HE ₁ (18); and a frequency divider (23), the output of which is connected to the input of the aforementioned conversion circuit (21), and the input is connected to the output of the clock frequency generator (9), to which the first input of the third AND ₃ logic circuit (15) is also connected; moreover, the frequency divider (23) is configured to adjust the frequency value of the signal from the clock generator (9); the first input of the first logic circuit And ₁ (13) is connected to the output of the detection unit (1); the output of the second logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₂ (19) is connected to the second input of the second logic circuit And ₂ (14), the output of which is the diagnostic output of the threshold control unit (2); the output of the threshold RS-trigger (12) is connected to the first input of the fourth AND ₄ logic circuit (16), the output of which is the control output of the threshold control unit (2), and to the input of the second logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₂ (19); the output of the third logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₃ (20) is connected to the first input of the second logic circuit And ₂ (14); the timer digital pulse counter (11) is configured to set its capacity so that the time of its full filling with a given error is equal to the time of full filling of the input digital pulse counter (8) when it arrives at its input from the output of the detection unit (1) through the first logical circuit AND ₁ (13) and logic circuit OR (17) of a frequency signal with a pulse frequency corresponding to a threshold value of a signal and with a given error equal to a threshold frequency; the frequency divider (23) connected in series, the recalculation circuit (21) and the decoder (22) are configured to perform periodic automatic diagnostics of the operability of the threshold node (3) and to set a time period for its implementation; the second logic circuit And ₂ (14) is configured to generate a status signal about the presence of a malfunction of the threshold node (3) according to the results of diagnostics of its operability; and the logic circuit And ₄ (16) is made with the possibility of generating, in the case of operability of the threshold node (3) and when the input frequency signal of the threshold frequency is exceeded, the output control signal intended to be transmitted to the actuator or to technological equipment to reduce the radiation parameter to the standard value, or for signaling, or to change the operating mode of the actuator or technological equipment in accordance with a given technological they process the node (5) for determining the malfunction of the detection unit (1) and / or the communication cable between the detection unit (1) and the threshold control unit (2) contains: a frequency divider (24), the input of which is connected to the output of the clock generator (9), configured to adjust the frequency value of the signal coming from the clock generator (9); a recalculation circuit (25), the input of which is connected to the output of the frequency divider (24) and the reset input of which is connected to the output of the detection unit (1); RS-trigger (26), the input S of which is connected to the output of the conversion circuit (25), the input R is connected to the output of the detection unit (1), and the output is a diagnostic output of the threshold control unit (2), moreover, the conversion circuit (25) and the frequency divider (24) connected to it are configured to set a time interval after which the RS trigger (26) generates a status signal indicating the absence of a frequency signal at the input of the threshold node (3), if at R- the RS trigger input (26) does not receive at least one pulse during this time interval, which indicates a malfunction of the detection unit (1) and / or communication cable between the detection unit (1) and the threshold control unit (2). 2. The radiation monitoring equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the detection unit (1) is placed in a lead shield. 3. The radiation monitoring equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the clock frequency generator (9) is configured to generate a signal with a pulse frequency corresponding to the threshold value of the radiation parameter and with a given error equal to the threshold frequency, and the capacity of the timer pulse counter ( 11) is equal to the capacity of the digital pulse counter (8). 4. The radiation monitoring equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the threshold node (4) contains a control relay, the input of which is connected to the output of the fourth logical circuit And ₄ (16), made with the possibility of actuation upon receipt of the fourth logical circuit And at the first input ₄ (16) of the signal from the output of the threshold RS-trigger (12) received at its input R from the output of the input digital counter (8). 5. The radiation monitoring equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the node for determining the malfunction of the threshold node (4) contains a status relay, the input of which is connected to the output of the second logic circuit And ₂ (14), made with the possibility of operation in the absence of periodic automatic diagnostics of the signal input to the input of the third logic circuit of the inverter NOT ₃ (20) from the output of the decoder (22) and the simultaneous absence of the signal from the output of the threshold RS-trigger (12) to the input of the second logic circuit inv Herttor NOT ₂ (19), which indicates a malfunction of the threshold node (3). 6. The radiation monitoring equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the node (5) for determining the malfunction of the detection unit (1) and / or communication cable between the detection unit (1) and the threshold control unit (2) contains a status relay, the input of which is connected to the output of the RS-flip-flop (26) of the aforementioned node (5) and which is configured to be triggered when it receives a status signal from the output of the RS-flip-flop (26) about the absence of a frequency signal at the input of the input digital pulse counter (8). 7. The radiation monitoring equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a power supply (7) connected to a threshold node (3). 8. The radiation monitoring equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that it is used to control the tightness of technological equipment or to participate in the management of technological processes. 9. The radiation monitoring equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that it is used to control the tightness of steam generators, heat exchangers and control the cleaning of the radioactive medium using evaporators or ion-exchange filters; 10. The radiation monitoring equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that it is used to control the non-proliferation of radioactive substances at the entrance and transport gates at industrial facilities or to control the unauthorized transfer of radioactive sources at the entrances and exits of medical facilities where radioactive sources are used, as well as entrances and exits of stations, warehouses. 11. The radiation monitoring equipment according to paragraphs. 1-10, characterized in that the transformed detection unit (1) the radiation parameter is at least one of the following group: gamma dose rate, substance activity, surface activity, volumetric or specific activity of the medium, flux density of ionizing particles or flow of ionizing radiation.

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