RU2658255C1 - Device for biomechanical control of technical preparedness and physical fitness of weightlifters - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sports.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of sports and can be used for operative control of biomechanical parameters of weightlifters, in particular for assessing their technical preparedness and physical fitness, both in training and competition. Claimed device registers the motion of the center of mass of the rod (CM) on the basis of markers attached to both ends of the weightlifting bar. Directly on the weightlifting platform, a dynamometer platform is built, which allows using strain gauge sensors to record dynamic characteristics (the reaction force of the support, the coordinates of the pressure center), on the basis of which it is possible to calculate the kinematic characteristics of the motion of the common center of mass of the "weightlifter + barbell" system. Records of the movement of the center of mass of the barbell are recorded by bilateral (two-sided) video. Markers are made of paper and are concentric circles with a diameter of 3.5–4.0 cm, fixed on both ends of the weight bar with double-sided adhesive tape. Claimed device allows receiving urgent (operative) information on the technical preparedness of weightlifters, determine the most rational way of doing the exercise, about the errors made and their subsequent adjustment, and also to select the most promising students.

EFFECT: improving the quality of control and analysis of parameters.

1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of sports and can be used for operational control of the biomechanical parameters of weightlifters, in particular, to assess their technical and physical fitness in both training and competition process.

A device for monitoring and analyzing the biomechanical parameters of athletes is known, which consists in transmitting operational information about the movements of athletes to a computer monitor with subsequent processing of the received information, generating a printed report and recording the results of the analysis in a database [RU patent No. 2100039, cl. A63B 71/00, 12/27/1997].

The disadvantage of this method is the low quality control of the technical and physical fitness of athletes.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a method for monitoring and analyzing biochemical parameters of athletes [RU patent No. 2233685, class. A63B 71/00, the filing date of the application is July 15, 2003, the date of publication of the patent on August 10, 2004], which consists in the use of TV cameras and / or video cameras connected via a data line to a computer when transmitting operational information about the movements of athletes.

Before processing the information, the necessary video fragment is selected by turning on the viewing software, then a visual analysis of the frame-by-frame viewing of the passing pair and temporary measurement of the boundary of the analyzed segment of the game video fragment is carried out. Next, they evaluate the accuracy of measurements, carry out a visual analysis of the speed parameters of the athletes' movement, display the trajectory of their movement, display the physical, mathematical and / or energy parameters with subsequent comments to form a printed report.

The disadvantage of this invention is its use mainly in game sports.

The objective of the invention is the management of the training process based on biomechanical control with the receipt of operational information about the technical and physical fitness of weightlifters.

The technical result of this invention is to improve the quality of control and analysis of parameters.

This object is achieved by the fact that the claimed device registers the movement of the center of mass of the rod (CM) based on markers 1 and 2, mounted on both ends of the weightlifting neck 3. Directly in the weightlifting platform 4 (Fig. 1), a dynamometric platform 5 is built in (Fig. 2) , which allows using tensometric sensors to record dynamic characteristics (reaction force of the support, coordinates of the center of pressure), based on which it is possible to calculate the kinematic characteristics of the motion of the common center of mass of the systems s "weightlifter + barbell."

The registration of the motion indicators of the center of mass of the rod is carried out using bilateral (two-way) video.

Markers 1 and 2 are made of paper and are concentric circles with a diameter of 3.5-4.0 cm (Fig. 3), fixed on both ends of the bar neck with double-sided tape (Fig. 4).

Examples of specific performance.

Based on the results of the study of the movement of the bar in classical weightlifting exercises during the competitions of the highest rank (more than 2500 attempts were analyzed in total), the basic requirements for a rational technique were formulated, the implementation of which depends on the individual characteristics of the athletes.

For example, athlete A., 25 years old, sports qualification - a candidate for a master of sports in weightlifting, while jerking and lifting the barbell to the chest, he constantly repeated the same mistake.

The inventive device allows you to determine for him the most rational way to perform a jerk, which consists in the fact that the bar should be dispersed up and back along the S-shaped path, without crossing the vertical drawn through its CM at the moment of separation from the platform. In FIG. 5 shows the trajectory of the CM rod in a jerk. A is a rational trajectory, B is not a rational trajectory.

Such a movement makes it possible to realize the power capabilities of athletes to a greater extent, especially in the period of undermining, in contrast to the less rational method, when the rod’s CM twice crosses this line, and the efforts are directed up or up and forward.

In the phase of depreciation, the athlete tries not to allow a decrease in the vertical speed of the CM rod, accelerating it evenly up and back. This is achieved, first of all, by an active extension of the body against the background of flexion of the legs in the knee joints in the phase of depreciation and subsequent extension of the legs in the final phase of movement. In FIG. Figure 6 shows the vertical speeds of the CM of the athlete’s bar with and without speed reduction in the depreciation phase.

A typical mistake, especially for novice athletes, is that they "sit down" under the bar without actively extending the body, thereby reducing the force acting on the projectile. As a result of this, a significant decrease in vertical speed occurs, which must be compensated for in the final acceleration of the bar.

At the beginning of the final acceleration phase, the bar must be informed of the horizontal speed in the direction from the athlete’s body. This is achieved by gradual acceleration of the bar without a sharp change in the trajectory of its movement in the horizontal direction by the so-called “padding”. The optimal horizontal velocity of the rod in the final acceleration is necessary for the implementation of the physical mechanism of movement (the process of changing movements as a result of the applied forces, including muscle forces). Acceleration of the rod in the final part of the exercise is carried out due to the centripetal force, which bends the trajectory of the projectile and the rod CM makes a kind of loop. This leads to an increase in the vertical component of the speed of the rod and its height.

In FIG. 7 shows the vertical and horizontal components of the strength and speed of the CM rod and the trajectory of the CM rod of two athletes (A - graphs of the center of mass of the rod, B - trajectory of the rod).

Based on the data obtained when using the inventive device, corrections were made to the training plans of some weightlifters in whom the discussed errors were observed.

Five athletes out of seven after a month of training according to the adjusted program and adding additional exercises (jerk of the kettlebell with the right and left hands) to the training process managed to increase the result in the jerk by 5-7 kg.

The second advantage of the developed technique is that it was possible to select more gifted athletes who did not have the above-mentioned drawbacks in the technique of jerking and lifting the barbell from the beginner athletes and sportsmen.

The inventive device allows you to receive urgent (operational) information on the technical preparedness of weightlifters, determine the most rational way to perform exercises, the errors made with their subsequent correction, as well as select the most promising students.

Claims (1)

A device for biomechanical control of technical and physical fitness of weightlifters, including video recording, recording information in a memory unit and subsequent processing of information, characterized in that markers representing black and white concentric circles drawn on paper are fixed on both ends of the bar of the weightlifting bar , a dynamometric platform is built directly into the weightlifting platform, which allows using strain gauge sensors to register s dynamic characteristics (the floor reaction force, pressure center coordinates), which is calculated on the basis of the kinematic motion characteristics common center of mass "weightlifter + Rod" system, and filming is carried out using two cameras simultaneously.

Images